WO1999062429A1 - Self-expanding vascular prosthesis in particular for intracranial aneurysm - Google Patents

Self-expanding vascular prosthesis in particular for intracranial aneurysm Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999062429A1
WO1999062429A1 PCT/FR1998/001117 FR9801117W WO9962429A1 WO 1999062429 A1 WO1999062429 A1 WO 1999062429A1 FR 9801117 W FR9801117 W FR 9801117W WO 9962429 A1 WO9962429 A1 WO 9962429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stent according
cylindrical sleeve
pusher
catheter
sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1998/001117
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alain Fouere
Christiane Gratier
Original Assignee
Alain Fouere
Christiane Gratier
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alain Fouere, Christiane Gratier filed Critical Alain Fouere
Priority to PCT/FR1998/001117 priority Critical patent/WO1999062429A1/en
Priority to AU80255/98A priority patent/AU8025598A/en
Publication of WO1999062429A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999062429A1/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/88Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure the wire-like elements formed as helical or spiral coils
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/958Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0019Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at only one temperature whilst inside or touching the human body, e.g. constrained in a non-operative shape during surgery, another temperature only occurring before the operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0096Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
    • A61F2250/0098Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-expanding stent for aneurysms, in particular intracranial.
  • Arterial aneurysm is a particularly daunting condition which occurs mainly in elderly men and must be followed by a rapid therapeutic sanction: resection of the dilated segment, or occlusion by the surgical route using an internal prosthesis. Indeed, the rupture of the aneurysm constitutes a dramatic accident which can lead to extremely serious irreversible lesions.
  • Aneurysms are generally the consequence of atherosclerotic lesions which destroy the elastic fibers of the middle coat of the vessel and make the arterial wall fragile. They increase slowly in volume and can rupture, giving rise to a frequently lightning internal hemorrhage or be the cause of thromboses leading to cerebral attacks in the case of arteries supplying the brain.
  • Young SONG describes a process consisting in compressing a self-expanding prosthesis to introduce it into a tube, the elasticity of the constituent material ensuring its radial extension as soon as 'she's released.
  • the aneurysms treated using the last three devices are obscured by means of a tube or a film of synthetic material covering the expandable member, the latter playing the role of reinforcement.
  • the object of the invention is to enable the production of an expandable internal vascular prosthesis relatively simple to manufacture, having a good seal against the blood whatever the expansion undergone, and the diameter of which can be sufficiently small to allow introduction into intracerebral arteries.
  • This prosthesis has the shape of a cylindrical sleeve and consists of a thin and elastic metallic ribbon wound in a spiral whose outside diameter during manufacture is substantially greater than the internal diameter of the vessel to be treated and capable of being compressed by increasing its number of turns to be introduced into a catheter allowing its positioning, the expansion occurring by unwinding the ribbon when the sleeve is expelled from the catheter by means of a push-button provided for this purpose and sliding in the catheter.
  • FIG. 1 represents, seen from the side, the vascular prosthesis at the end of its manufacture
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial axial section, according to detail A of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 represents under the same conditions a prosthesis provided with overlapping turns
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of a prosthesis arranged inside a catheter and ready to be implanted
  • FIG. 5 shows under the same conditions a variant of the implantation device comprising a hollow pusher
  • FIG. 6 is an enlargement of detail B of FIG. 5 representing a device making it possible to secure the prosthesis and the pusher during the placement of the implant
  • Figure 7 shows the prosthesis after placement and expansion to the right of an aneurysm.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 consists of a thin strip 1 in the form of a ribbon wound helically in the manner of a spring so as to form a hollow cylindrical sleeve 2, blood tight, of circular section which can be compressed radially by printing. at its ends rotations in opposite directions.
  • the strip 1 is made of an elastic metal such as "NITINOL", and shaped with the manufacturing so that the sleeve 2 without load has a diameter substantially greater than the internal diameter of the portion of artery in which it must be implanted, and so that the turns are contiguous edge to edge.
  • NITINOL an elastic metal
  • the sleeve 2 in a shape memory material allowing it to be compressed after machining, to remain in this state at low temperature, and to return to its initial expanded shape when it reaches body temperature a once set up.
  • the prosthesis can also be expanded conventionally by an inflatable balloon, the strip 1 in this case being made of a malleable material (malleable stainless steel, for example).
  • the sleeve can advantageously be produced by laser EDM from a block or a metal strip, by laser engraving or machining of a thin-walled metal tube or by stamping and shaping.
  • the turns formed by the thin strip 1 may have contiguous edges ( Figure 2).
  • the sealing of the sleeve 2 can be improved by means of a strip, the section of which has a profile, in staircase for example, determined so that the winding of the turns is carried out with a partial covering (FIG. 3).
  • the prosthesis may be coated with a flexible elastic film forming a sheath and. made of teflon, dacron, polyurethane or other similar material.
  • the implantation of the prosthesis is carried out by first compressing it to introduce it inside a catheter tube 3 consisting of a plastic sheath comprising a pusher 4 movable axially for expelling the sleeve 2 and fixed to the end of a flexible rod 5 for sliding operation inside the catheter.
  • the latter is introduced into the blood vessel 6 and brought to the right of the aneurysm 7 to obstruct.
  • the pusher 4 is then held in place by means of the rod 5 while the catheter 3 is withdrawn, so as to release the sleeve 2 which, thanks to its elasticity, will unroll to press against the walls of the vessel 6 and cause occlusion of the aneurysm 7.
  • the release of the prosthesis can also be obtained by holding the catheter in place and by exerting a push on the flexible rod 5.
  • the pusher 4 may advantageously be provided with a guide rod 8 arranged to pass inside the sleeve 2.
  • the location of the lesion is often carried out using a probe 9 consisting of a flexible rod introduced into the vessel 6 to localize the aneurysm, then removed before introduction of the catheter 3 which will be necessary to in turn lead to the location to be treated, which can be a delicate and relatively long operation.
  • the latter can be made integral with the pusher 4 or the hollow pusher 10 by hooking mechanical, by bonding, by an electromagnetic system or any other suitable means allowing the sleeve 2 to be released at the chosen moment, for example by means of an electrical pulse causing electrolysis or a rise in temperature, or by rotating the push-button 4, 10, the latter being secured to the prosthesis by screwing.
  • This arrangement allows in particular to go back when the ideal position is exceeded, even if the implant has already undergone partial expansion. This result can also be obtained through a wire passing through the catheter 3 and attached to the sleeve 2 through a hole 13 disposed at the end of the strip 1 ( Figure 1).
  • FIG. 6 represents a mechanical attachment system by means of a stud 11 secured to the sleeve 2 and engaging in a notch 12 provided at the end of the pusher 4 or of the hollow pusher 10.
  • the increase in its diameter due to its expansion causes the tenon 11 to come out of the notch 12 and therefore to be released.
  • the attachment system can be determined to allow reintroduction of the stent into the catheter 3.
  • the sleeve 2 without load will have substantially the following dimensions:
  • the outside diameter of the catheter 3 will be of the order of 1 mm and its inside diameter of around 0.9 mm.
  • the sleeve 2 may advantageously include radiopaque markers visible from X-rays made up of layers of a heavy metal such as tantalum, titanium or gold deposited by electrolytic means or fixed by bonding.

Abstract

The invention concerns a self-expanding vascular prosthesis in particular for intracranial aneurysm shaped like a cylindrical sleeve (2) and consisting of a helically wound thin elastic metal ribbon whereof the external diameter when manufactured is substantially greater than the treated vessel (6) internal diameter and capable of being compressed by increasing the number of coils to be inserted in a catheter to be for setting it in place, the expansion resulting from the ribbon being unwound when the sleeve is ejected from the catheter by a thruster provided therefor and sliding in the catheter. Said prosthesis is designed to be surgically set in an artery to prevent locally risks of internal haemorrhage caused by a burst aneurysm, and particularly designed to be used in cervical vessels.

Description

ENDOPROTHESE VASCULAIRE AUTO-EXPANSIBLE POUR ANÉVRISMES NOTAMMENT INTRACRANIENS SELF-EXPANDING VASCULAR STENT FOR ESPECIALLY INTRACRANIAL ANEVRISMS
La présente invention a pour objet une endoprothèse vasculaire auto-expansible pour anévrismes notamment intracrâniens .The present invention relates to a self-expanding stent for aneurysms, in particular intracranial.
Elle est destinée à être mise en place par voie chirurgicale dans une artère pour empêcher localement les risques d'hémorragie interne provoqués par l'éclatement d'un anévrisme, et est en particulier conçue pour être utilisée dans les vaisseaux cervicaux.It is intended to be placed surgically in an artery to locally prevent the risks of internal bleeding caused by the bursting of an aneurysm, and is in particular designed to be used in the cervical vessels.
L' anévrisme artériel constitue une affection particulièrement redoutable qui survient essentiellement chez l'homme âgé et doit être suivie d'une sanction thérapeutique rapide : résection du segment dilaté, ou occlusion par voie chirurgicale au moyen d'une prothèse interne. En effet, la rupture d' anévrisme constitue un accident dramatique pouvant entraîner des lésions irréversibles extrêmement graves.Arterial aneurysm is a particularly formidable condition which occurs mainly in elderly men and must be followed by a rapid therapeutic sanction: resection of the dilated segment, or occlusion by the surgical route using an internal prosthesis. Indeed, the rupture of the aneurysm constitutes a dramatic accident which can lead to extremely serious irreversible lesions.
Les anévrismes sont en général la conséquence de lésions d'athérosclérose qui détruisent les fibres élastiques de la tunique moyenne du vaisseau et rendent la paroi artérielle fragile. Ils augmentent lentement de volume et peuvent se rompre en donnant lieu à une hémorragie interne fréquemment foudroyante ou être à l'origine de thromboses entraînant des attaques cérébrales dans le cas des artères irrigant le cerveau.Aneurysms are generally the consequence of atherosclerotic lesions which destroy the elastic fibers of the middle coat of the vessel and make the arterial wall fragile. They increase slowly in volume and can rupture, giving rise to a frequently lightning internal hemorrhage or be the cause of thromboses leading to cerebral attacks in the case of arteries supplying the brain.
Il existe un certain nombre de prothèses internes destinées au traitement des anévrismes. Par exemple, le brevet américain N° US 4 878 906 déposé par MM. Lindermann et Haughton décrit un manchon souple à paroi mince en matière plastique moulé avec des armatures et destiné à être mis en place à l'aide d'un cathéter et d'un ballonnet gonflable. Le brevet européen N° EP 221 570 de M. Julio Palmaz et la demande N° PCT/FR 95/01 460 déposée par l'auteur de la présente invention font état de dispositifs similaires utilisant toutefois des manchons métalliques malléables. Le brevet international N° WO 92 06 734 au nom de M. Young SONG fait état d'un procédé consistant à comprimer une prothèse auto- extensible pour l'introduire dans un tube, l'élasticité du matériau constitutif assurant son extension radiale dès qu'elle est libérée. Les anévrismes traités à l'aide des trois derniers dispositifs sont occultés au moyen d'un tube ou d'un film en matière synthétique recouvrant l'organe expansible, ce dernier jouant le rôle d' armature .There are a number of internal prostheses for the treatment of aneurysms. For example, US Patent No. US 4,878,906 filed by MM. Lindermann and Haughton describes a flexible sleeve to thin wall of plastic molded with reinforcements and intended to be put in place using a catheter and an inflatable balloon. European patent No. EP 221 570 by M. Julio Palmaz and application No. PCT / FR 95/01 460 filed by the author of the present invention state similar devices, however, using malleable metal sleeves. International patent No. WO 92 06 734 in the name of Mr. Young SONG describes a process consisting in compressing a self-expanding prosthesis to introduce it into a tube, the elasticity of the constituent material ensuring its radial extension as soon as 'she's released. The aneurysms treated using the last three devices are obscured by means of a tube or a film of synthetic material covering the expandable member, the latter playing the role of reinforcement.
Ces techniques, bien maîtrisées pour les gros vaisseaux, sont cependant difficilement applicables dans le cas d'artères cervicales en raison de leur faible diamètre interne. Le moyen classique mis en oeuvre à ce jour pour provoquer l'occlusion ou 1 'embolisation des anévrismes intra-cérébraux consiste à remplir la lésion pour tenter de la colmater. Dans ce but, les neurochirurgiens utilisent de minuscules spirales à mémoire de forme appelées "coils", destinées à combler les anévrismes et à les emboliser pour éviter leur rupture. Il faut prévoir jusqu'à dix spirales pour un anévrisme. La mise en place de ces dispositifs demande des manipulations très délicates et de très longue durée, car ils doivent être introduits l'un après l'autre, ce qui entraîne des interventions pouvant prendre plusieurs heures. Par ailleurs, ces spirales peuvent être entraînées par le flux sanguin ou provoquer un éclatement de l' anévrisme et migrer dans le tissu cervical avec des conséquences imprévisibles. L'auteur de la présente demande a déposé, sous le numéro FR 97/01 784, un PCT décrivant un manchon cylindrique métallique malléable apte à s'étendre radialement sous l'effet d'une pression interne et à garder la forme ainsi obtenue, formé d'une portion de cylindre creux à paroi mince d'un diamètre voisin de un millimètre avant expansion, cette paroi comportant une ou plusieurs zones non découpées alternant le long de la circonférence avec une ou plusieurs zones découpées formées d'éléments déformables allongés séparés par des fentes suffisamment étroites pour interdire le passage du sang. Les très faibles dimensions de ce dispositif rendent sa fabrication extrêmement délicate et, en cas de forte expansion, les fentes risquent de ne pas présenter une étanchéité suffisante au sang.These techniques, well mastered for large vessels, are however difficult to apply in the case of cervical arteries because of their small internal diameter. The conventional means used to date to cause occlusion or embolization of intracerebral aneurysms consists in filling the lesion in an attempt to seal it. For this purpose, neurosurgeons use tiny shape memory spirals called "coils", intended to fill the aneurysms and embolize them to avoid their rupture. It is necessary to plan up to ten spirals for an aneurysm. The installation of these devices requires very delicate handling and very long duration, because they must be introduced one after the other, which leads to interventions that can take several hours. In addition, these spirals can be entrained by the blood flow or cause an aneurysm to burst and migrate into the cervical tissue with unpredictable consequences. The author of the present application has filed, under the number FR 97/01 784, a PCT describing a malleable metallic cylindrical sleeve able to extend radially under the effect of internal pressure and to keep the shape thus obtained, formed of a portion of thin-walled hollow cylinder with a diameter close to one millimeter before expansion, this wall comprising one or more uncut zones alternating along the circumference with one or more cut zones formed of separate elongate deformable elements by slots sufficiently narrow to prevent the passage of blood. The very small dimensions of this device make its manufacture extremely delicate and, in the event of strong expansion, the slots risk not presenting a sufficient seal against blood.
L'invention a pour objectif de permettre la réalisation d'une prothèse vasculaire interne expansible relativement simple à fabriquer, présentant une bonne étanchéité au sang quelle que soit l'expansion subie, et dont le diamètre peut être suffisamment petit pour permettre l'introduction dans les artères intra- cérébrales .The object of the invention is to enable the production of an expandable internal vascular prosthesis relatively simple to manufacture, having a good seal against the blood whatever the expansion undergone, and the diameter of which can be sufficiently small to allow introduction into intracerebral arteries.
Cette prothèse a la forme d'un manchon cylindrique et est constituée d'un ruban métallique mince et élastique enroulé en spirale dont le diamètre extérieur à la fabrication est sensiblement supérieur au diamètre interne du vaisseau à traiter et apte à être comprimé par augmentation de son nombre de spires pour être introduit dans un cathéter permettant sa mise en place, l'expansion se produisant par déroulement du ruban lorsque le manchon est expulsé du cathéter au moyen d'un poussoir prévu à cet effet et coulissant dans le cathéter .This prosthesis has the shape of a cylindrical sleeve and consists of a thin and elastic metallic ribbon wound in a spiral whose outside diameter during manufacture is substantially greater than the internal diameter of the vessel to be treated and capable of being compressed by increasing its number of turns to be introduced into a catheter allowing its positioning, the expansion occurring by unwinding the ribbon when the sleeve is expelled from the catheter by means of a push-button provided for this purpose and sliding in the catheter.
Sur les dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemple non limitatif d'une des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention: la figure 1 représente, vue de côté, la prothèse vasculaire à sa sortie de fabrication, la figure 2 est une coupe axiale partielle agrandie, suivant le détail A de la figure 1, la figure 3 représente dans les mêmes conditions une prothèse pourvue de spires à recouvrement, la figure 4 est une coupe longitudinale d'une prothèse disposée à l'intérieur d'un cathéter et prête à être implantée, la figure 5 montre dans les mêmes conditions une variante du dispositif d'implantation comportant un poussoir creux, la figure 6 est un agrandissement du détail B de la figure 5 représentant un dispositif permettant de solidariser la prothèse et le poussoir durant la mise en place de l'implant et la figure 7 montre la prothèse après mise en place et expansion au droit d'un anévrisme.In the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting example of one of the embodiments of the subject of the invention: FIG. 1 represents, seen from the side, the vascular prosthesis at the end of its manufacture, FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial axial section, according to detail A of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 represents under the same conditions a prosthesis provided with overlapping turns, FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of a prosthesis arranged inside a catheter and ready to be implanted, FIG. 5 shows under the same conditions a variant of the implantation device comprising a hollow pusher, FIG. 6 is an enlargement of detail B of FIG. 5 representing a device making it possible to secure the prosthesis and the pusher during the placement of the implant and Figure 7 shows the prosthesis after placement and expansion to the right of an aneurysm.
Le dispositif, figures 1 à 4, est constitué d'une bande mince 1 en forme de ruban enroulée hélicoïdalement à la manière d'un ressort de façon à former un manchon 2 cylindrique creux étanche au sang de section circulaire pouvant être comprimé radialement en imprimant à ses extrémités des rotations de sens contraires .The device, FIGS. 1 to 4, consists of a thin strip 1 in the form of a ribbon wound helically in the manner of a spring so as to form a hollow cylindrical sleeve 2, blood tight, of circular section which can be compressed radially by printing. at its ends rotations in opposite directions.
La bande 1 est réalisée dans un métal élastique tel que le "NITINOL", et mise en forme à la fabrication de façon à ce que le manchon 2 sans charge ait un diamètre sensiblement supérieur au diamètre interne de la portion d'artère dans laquelle il doit être implanté, et à ce que les spires soient jointives bord à bord.The strip 1 is made of an elastic metal such as "NITINOL", and shaped with the manufacturing so that the sleeve 2 without load has a diameter substantially greater than the internal diameter of the portion of artery in which it must be implanted, and so that the turns are contiguous edge to edge.
Il est également possible de fabriquer le manchon 2 dans un matériau à mémoire de forme lui permettant d'être comprimé après usinage, de rester dans cet état à basse température, et de retrouver sa forme initiale expansée lorsqu'il atteint la température du corps une fois mis en place.It is also possible to manufacture the sleeve 2 in a shape memory material allowing it to be compressed after machining, to remain in this state at low temperature, and to return to its initial expanded shape when it reaches body temperature a once set up.
L'expansion de la prothèse peut aussi être assurée de manière classique par ballonnet gonflable, la bande 1 étant dans ce cas fabriquée dans un matériau malléable (inox malléable, par exemple).The prosthesis can also be expanded conventionally by an inflatable balloon, the strip 1 in this case being made of a malleable material (malleable stainless steel, for example).
Le manchon pourra avantageusement être réalisée par électro-érosion laser à partir d'un bloc ou d'une bande de métal, par gravure ou usinage laser d'un tube métallique à paroi mince ou par matriçage et mise en forme.The sleeve can advantageously be produced by laser EDM from a block or a metal strip, by laser engraving or machining of a thin-walled metal tube or by stamping and shaping.
Les spires formées par la bande mince 1 peuvent être à bords jointifs (figure 2). Cependant l' étanchéité du manchon 2 peut être améliorée au moyen d'une bande dont la section présente un profil, en escalier par exemple, déterminé pour que l'enroulement des spires s'effectue avec un recouvrement partiel ( figure 3 ) .The turns formed by the thin strip 1 may have contiguous edges (Figure 2). However, the sealing of the sleeve 2 can be improved by means of a strip, the section of which has a profile, in staircase for example, determined so that the winding of the turns is carried out with a partial covering (FIG. 3).
Dans le même but, la prothèse pourra être revêtue d'un film souple élastique formant gaine et . réalisé en téflon, dacron, polyuréthanne ou autre matériau similaire.For the same purpose, the prosthesis may be coated with a flexible elastic film forming a sheath and. made of teflon, dacron, polyurethane or other similar material.
L'implantation de la prothèse s'effectue en la comprimant tout d'abord pour l'introduire à l'intérieur d'un tube cathéter 3 constitué d'une gaine en matière synthétique comportant un poussoir 4 mobile axialement permettant d'expulser le manchon 2 et fixé à l'extrémité d'une tige flexible 5 de manoeuvre coulissant à l'intérieur du cathéter. Ce dernier est introduit dans le vaisseau sanguin 6 et amené au droit de l' anévrisme 7 à obstruer. Le poussoir 4 est alors maintenu en place au moyen de la tige 5 pendant que l'on retire le cathéter 3, de manière à faire sortir le manchon 2 qui, grâce à son élasticité, va se dérouler pour plaquer contre les parois du vaisseau 6 et provoquer l'occlusion de l' anévrisme 7. Il est évident que la libération de la prothèse peut également être obtenue en maintenant le cathéter en place et en exerçant une poussée sur la tige flexible 5. Pour éviter que la prothèse ne risque de se mettre en travers, le poussoir 4 pourra avantageusement être pourvu d'une tige de guidage 8 agencée pour passer à 1 ' intérieur du manchon 2.The implantation of the prosthesis is carried out by first compressing it to introduce it inside a catheter tube 3 consisting of a plastic sheath comprising a pusher 4 movable axially for expelling the sleeve 2 and fixed to the end of a flexible rod 5 for sliding operation inside the catheter. The latter is introduced into the blood vessel 6 and brought to the right of the aneurysm 7 to obstruct. The pusher 4 is then held in place by means of the rod 5 while the catheter 3 is withdrawn, so as to release the sleeve 2 which, thanks to its elasticity, will unroll to press against the walls of the vessel 6 and cause occlusion of the aneurysm 7. It is obvious that the release of the prosthesis can also be obtained by holding the catheter in place and by exerting a push on the flexible rod 5. To avoid that the prosthesis risks becoming put across, the pusher 4 may advantageously be provided with a guide rod 8 arranged to pass inside the sleeve 2.
Le repérage de la lésion s'effectue souvent à l'aide d'une sonde 9 constituée d'une tige souple introduite dans le vaisseau 6 pour effectuer la localisation de l' anévrisme, puis retirée avant introduction du cathéter 3 qu'il faudra à son tour amener à l'emplacement à traiter, ce qui peut s'avérer une opération délicate et relativement longue.The location of the lesion is often carried out using a probe 9 consisting of a flexible rod introduced into the vessel 6 to localize the aneurysm, then removed before introduction of the catheter 3 which will be necessary to in turn lead to the location to be treated, which can be a delicate and relatively long operation.
Cette double introduction peut être évitée en remplaçant le poussoir 4 et la tige 5 par un poussoir creux 10 déterminé pour pouvoir coulisser sur la sonde 9, cette dernière étant laissée en place après repérage de l'emplacement d'implantation (figure 5).This double introduction can be avoided by replacing the pusher 4 and the rod 5 with a hollow pusher 10 determined to be able to slide on the probe 9, the latter being left in place after locating the location for implantation (FIG. 5).
Afin de permettre un positionnement précis de la prothèse, cette dernière peut être rendue solidaire du poussoir 4 ou du poussoir creux 10 par accrochage mécanique, par collage, par un système électromagnétique ou tout autre moyen approprié permettant un largage du manchon 2 au moment choisi, par exemple au moyen d'une impulsion électrique provoquant une électrolyse ou une élévation de température, ou en faisant effectuer une rotation au poussoir 4, 10, celui-ci étant solidarisé avec la prothèse par vissage. Cette disposition permet en particulier de revenir en arrière lorsque la position idéale est dépassée, même si l'implant a déjà subi une expansion partielle. Ce résultat peut d'ailleurs être aussi obtenu grâce à un fil passant dans le cathéter 3 et attaché au manchon 2 grâce à un trou 13 disposé à l'extrémité de la bande 1 (figure 1).In order to allow precise positioning of the prosthesis, the latter can be made integral with the pusher 4 or the hollow pusher 10 by hooking mechanical, by bonding, by an electromagnetic system or any other suitable means allowing the sleeve 2 to be released at the chosen moment, for example by means of an electrical pulse causing electrolysis or a rise in temperature, or by rotating the push-button 4, 10, the latter being secured to the prosthesis by screwing. This arrangement allows in particular to go back when the ideal position is exceeded, even if the implant has already undergone partial expansion. This result can also be obtained through a wire passing through the catheter 3 and attached to the sleeve 2 through a hole 13 disposed at the end of the strip 1 (Figure 1).
A titre d'exemple, la figure 6 représente un système d'accrochage mécanique au moyen d'un tenon 11 solidaire du manchon 2 et s 'enclenchant dans une encoche 12 prévue à l'extrémité du poussoir 4 ou du poussoir creux 10. Lorsque la prothèse est sortie du cathéter 3, l'augmentation de son diamètre due à son expansion provoque la sortie du tenon 11 de l'encoche 12 et donc sa libération.By way of example, FIG. 6 represents a mechanical attachment system by means of a stud 11 secured to the sleeve 2 and engaging in a notch 12 provided at the end of the pusher 4 or of the hollow pusher 10. When the prosthesis is taken out of the catheter 3, the increase in its diameter due to its expansion causes the tenon 11 to come out of the notch 12 and therefore to be released.
Le système d'accrochage peut être déterminé pour permettre la réintroduction de 1 'endoprothèse dans le cathéter 3.The attachment system can be determined to allow reintroduction of the stent into the catheter 3.
Pour le traitement des anévrismes intracrâniens , le manchon 2 sans charge aura sensiblement les dimensions suivantes :For the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, the sleeve 2 without load will have substantially the following dimensions:
- longueur : 3 mm - diamètre : 2,5 mm- length: 3 mm - diameter: 2.5 mm
- largeur du ruban 1 : 0 , 3 mm- width of the tape 1: 0.3 mm
- épaisseur du ruban 1 : 0,05 mm- tape thickness 1: 0.05 mm
Le diamètre extérieur du cathéter 3 sera de l'ordre de 1 mm et son diamètre intérieur voisin de 0,9 mm. Afin de faciliter son positionnement, le manchon 2 pourra avantageusement comporter des repères radio-opaques visibles aux rayons X constitués de couches d'un métal lourd tel que le tantale, le titane ou l'or déposé par voie électrolytique ou fixé par collage.The outside diameter of the catheter 3 will be of the order of 1 mm and its inside diameter of around 0.9 mm. In order to facilitate its positioning, the sleeve 2 may advantageously include radiopaque markers visible from X-rays made up of layers of a heavy metal such as tantalum, titanium or gold deposited by electrolytic means or fixed by bonding.
Le positionnement des divers éléments constitutifs donne à l'objet de l'invention un maximum d'effets utiles qui n'avaient pas été, à ce jour, obtenus par des dispositifs similaires. The positioning of the various constituent elements gives the object of the invention a maximum of useful effects which had not, to date, been obtained by similar devices.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1°. Endoprothèse vasculaire auto-expansible pour anévrismes notamment intracrâniens, destinée à être mise en place par voie chirurgicale dans une artère pour empêcher localement les risques d'hémorragie interne provoqués par l'éclatement d'un anévrisme, en particulier dans le cas des vaisseaux cervicaux, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée d'une bande mince (1) enroulée en spirale de façon à former un manchon cylindrique (2) creux étanche au sang pouvant être comprimé radialement pour être introduit dans un tube cathéter (3) permettant sa mise en place dans le vaisseau sanguin (6), l'expansion se produisant par déroulement de la bande mince lorsque ledit manchon cylindrique est expulsé dudit cathéter.1 °. Self-expanding stent for aneurysms, particularly intracranial, intended to be placed surgically in an artery to locally prevent the risks of internal bleeding caused by the bursting of an aneurysm, in particular in the case of cervical vessels, characterized in that it consists of a thin strip (1) wound in a spiral so as to form a hollow cylindrical sleeve (2) impermeable to blood which can be compressed radially to be introduced into a catheter tube (3) allowing its placing in place in the blood vessel (6), the expansion occurring by unwinding of the thin strip when said cylindrical sleeve is expelled from said catheter.
2°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon la revendication 1, se caractérisant par le fait que les spires formées par la bande mince (1) sont à bords jointifs .2 °. Stent according to claim 1, characterized in that the turns formed by the thin strip (1) have contiguous edges.
3°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon la revendication 1, se caractérisant par le fait que la section de la bande mince (1) présente un profil déterminé pour que l'enroulement des spires s'effectue avec un recouvrement partiel .3 °. Stent according to claim 1, characterized in that the section of the thin strip (1) has a determined profile so that the winding of the turns is carried out with a partial overlap.
4°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon la revendication 3, se caractérisant par le fait que la section de la bande mince (1) est en forme d'escalier.4 °. A stent according to claim 3, characterized in that the section of the thin strip (1) is in the form of a staircase.
5°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait que la bande mince (1) est constituée d'un métal élastique.5 °. A stent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the thin strip (1) consists of an elastic metal.
6°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, se caractérisant par le fait que la bande mince (1) est constituée d'un matériau à mémoire de forme de manière à permettre au manchon cylindrique (2) d'être comprimé après usinage, de rester dans cet état à basse température, et de retrouver sa forme initiale expansée lorsqu'il atteint la température du corps une fois mis en place.6 °. Stent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thin strip (1) is made of a shape memory material so as to allow the cylindrical sleeve (2) to be compressed after machining, to remain in this state at low temperature, and to regain its initial expanded form when it reaches the temperature of the body once it is in place.
7°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait que le manchon cylindrique (2) sans charge, avant compression, a un diamètre extérieur sensiblement supérieur au diamètre interne de la portion du vaisseau sanguin (6) dans laquelle il doit être implanté .7 °. Stent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylindrical sleeve (2) without load, before compression, has an external diameter substantially greater than the internal diameter of the portion of the blood vessel (6) in which it must be implanted.
8°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, se caractérisant par le fait que la bande (1) est fabriquée dans un matériau malléable, l'expansion du manchon cylindrique (2) étant assurée par ballonnet gonflable.8 °. Stent according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the strip (1) is made of a malleable material, the expansion of the cylindrical sleeve (2) being ensured by an inflatable balloon.
9°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait que le manchon cylindrique (2) est réalisé par électro-érosion laser à partir d'un bloc ou d'une bande de métal.9 °. A stent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylindrical sleeve (2) is produced by laser EDM from a block or a strip of metal.
10°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, se caractérisant par le fait que le manchon cylindrique (2) est réalisé par gravure ou usinage laser d'un tube métallique à paroi mince .10 °. Stent according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cylindrical sleeve (2) is produced by laser engraving or machining of a thin-walled metal tube.
11°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, se caractérisant par le fait que le manchon cylindrique (2) est réalisé par matriçage et mise en forme.11 °. Stent according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cylindrical sleeve (2) is produced by stamping and shaping.
12°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait que le manchon cylindrique (2) comporte des repères radio-opaques visibles aux rayons X constitués de couches d'un métal lourd tel que le tantale, le titane ou l'or déposé par voie électrolytique ou fixé par collage.12 °. Stent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylindrical sleeve (2) has radiopaque markers visible on X-rays made up of layers of a heavy metal such as tantalum, titanium or l 'gold deposited electrolytically or fixed by bonding.
13°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait que le manchon cylindrique (2) est revêtu d'un film souple élastique formant gaine d'étanchéité et réalisé en "téflon", "dacron", polyuréthanne ou matériau similaire.13 °. Stent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylindrical sleeve (2) is coated with a flexible elastic film forming a sealing sheath and made of "teflon", "dacron", polyurethane or material similar.
14°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait qu'elle comporte un trou (13) disposé à l'extrémité de la bande (1) permettant d'attacher un fil passant dans le cathéter (3) et permettant de tirer le manchon cylindrique (2) en arrière.14 °. Stent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a hole (13) disposed at the end of the strip (1) allowing a thread passing through the catheter (3) to be attached and allowing the cylindrical sleeve (2) to be pulled back.
15°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, destinée au traitement des anévrismes intracrâniens, se caractérisant par le fait que le manchon cylindrique (2) sans charge a des dimensions voisines des valeurs suivantes :15 °. Stent according to any one of the preceding claims, intended for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical sleeve (2) without load has dimensions close to the following values:
- longueur : 3 millimètres- length: 3 millimeters
- diamètre : 2,5 millimètres- diameter: 2.5 millimeters
- largeur de la bande (1) : 0,3 millimètre- band width (1): 0.3 millimeter
- épaisseur de la bande : 0,05 millimètre, le diamètre extérieur du tube cathéter (3) étant de l'ordre de 1 millimètre et son diamètre intérieur proche de 0,9 millimètre.- thickness of the strip: 0.05 millimeter, the outside diameter of the catheter tube (3) being of the order of 1 millimeter and its inside diameter close to 0.9 millimeter.
16°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, se caractérisant par le fait qu'elle est associée pour son implantation à un tube cathéter (3) constitué d'une gaine en matière synthétique comportant un poussoir (4, 10) mobile axialement permettant d'expulser le manchon cylindrique (2) en enfonçant le poussoir dans le cathéter ou en exerçant une traction sur ce dernier.16 °. Stent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is associated for its implantation with a catheter tube (3) consisting of a sheath of synthetic material comprising a pusher (4, 10) axially movable allowing expel the cylindrical sleeve (2) by pushing the pusher into the catheter or by exerting a pull on the latter.
17°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon la revendication 16, se caractérisant par le fait que le poussoir (4) est fixé à l'extrémité d'une tige flexible (5) de manoeuvre coulissant dans le cathéter (3), et qu'il est pourvu d'une tige de guidage (8) passant à l'intérieur du manchon cylindrique (2).17 °. A stent according to claim 16, characterized in that the pusher (4) is fixed to the end of a flexible operating rod (5) sliding in the catheter (3), and that it is provided with a guide rod (8) passing inside the cylindrical sleeve (2).
18°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon la revendication 16, se caractérisant par le fait que le poussoir est un poussoir creux (10) déterminé pour pouvoir coulisser sur une sonde de repérage (9) constituée d'une tige souple introduite avant le passage du cathéter (3) dans le vaisseau sanguin (6) pour effectuer la localisation de l' anévrisme (7), ladite sonde étant laissée en place après repérage de l'emplacement d'implantation. 19°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, se caractérisant par le fait que le manchon cylindrique (2) est rendu solidaire du poussoir (4) ou du poussoir creux (10) par accrochage mécanique, par collage, par un système électromagnétique ou tout autre moyen approprié permettant un largage dudit manchon au moment choisi, par exemple au moyen d'une impulsion électrique provoquant une électrolyse ou une élévation de température.18 °. Stent according to claim 16, characterized in that the pusher is a hollow pusher (10) determined to be able to slide on a locating probe (9) consisting of a flexible rod inserted before the passage of the catheter (3) in the blood vessel (6) for locating the aneurysm (7), said probe being left in place after identification of the implantation location. 19 °. Stent according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the cylindrical sleeve (2) is made integral with the pusher (4) or the hollow pusher (10) by mechanical attachment, by gluing, by a system electromagnetic or any other suitable means allowing said sleeve to be released at the chosen time, for example by means of an electrical pulse causing electrolysis or a rise in temperature.
20°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon la revendication 19, se caractérisant par le fait que l'accrochage est obtenu au moyen d'un tenon (11) solidaire du manchon cylindrique (2) apte à s'enclencher dans une encoche (12) prévue à l'extrémité du poussoir (4) ou du poussoir creux (10), l'ensemble étant agencé pour que l'augmentation du diamètre du manchon cylindrique due à son expansion au moment où il sort du cathéter (3) provoque la sortie du tenon (11) de l'encoche (12) et donc sa libération dudit manchon.20 °. Stent according to claim 19, characterized in that the attachment is obtained by means of a pin (11) integral with the cylindrical sleeve (2) capable of engaging in a notch (12) provided at the end pusher (4) or hollow pusher (10), the assembly being arranged so that the increase in the diameter of the cylindrical sleeve due to its expansion when it leaves the catheter (3) causes the tenon (11) to exit of the notch (12) and therefore its release from said sleeve.
21°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon la revendication 19, se caractérisant par le fait que le système d'accrochage est agencé de manière à permettre la réintroduction du manchon (2) dans le cathéter (3).21 °. A stent according to claim 19, characterized in that the attachment system is arranged so as to allow the reintroduction of the sleeve (2) into the catheter (3).
22°. Endoprothèse vasculaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, se caractérisant par le fait qu'elle peut être rendue solidaire avec le poussoir (4) ou le poussoir creux (10) grâce à un filetage dudit poussoir ou dudit poussoir creux se vissant à l'intérieur du manchon cylindrique (2). 22 °. Stent according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that it can be made integral with the pusher (4) or the hollow pusher (10) by threading said pusher or said hollow screw pusher inside the cylindrical sleeve (2).
PCT/FR1998/001117 1998-06-03 1998-06-03 Self-expanding vascular prosthesis in particular for intracranial aneurysm WO1999062429A1 (en)

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US7572288B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2009-08-11 Microvention, Inc. Aneurysm treatment device and method of use
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US9622753B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2017-04-18 Microvention, Inc. Aneurysm treatment device and method of use
US10058330B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2018-08-28 Microvention, Inc. Device for occluding a lumen
WO2024036931A1 (en) * 2022-08-17 2024-02-22 上海科罡医疗技术有限公司 Device for blocking thrombus in blood vessel

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US9539122B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2017-01-10 Microvention, Inc. Aneurysm treatment device and method of use
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CN102451051A (en) * 2010-11-03 2012-05-16 上海市第六人民医院 Self-expandable segment tectorial asymmetric areolate stent
US10058330B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2018-08-28 Microvention, Inc. Device for occluding a lumen
WO2024036931A1 (en) * 2022-08-17 2024-02-22 上海科罡医疗技术有限公司 Device for blocking thrombus in blood vessel

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