WO1999058317A1 - Verfahren und material zur herstellung von modellkörpern - Google Patents
Verfahren und material zur herstellung von modellkörpern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999058317A1 WO1999058317A1 PCT/EP1999/003131 EP9903131W WO9958317A1 WO 1999058317 A1 WO1999058317 A1 WO 1999058317A1 EP 9903131 W EP9903131 W EP 9903131W WO 9958317 A1 WO9958317 A1 WO 9958317A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- methacrylate
- acrylate
- acid esters
- decyl
- butyl
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 decyl methyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- MUZDXNQOSGWMJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CC(=C)C(O)=O MUZDXNQOSGWMJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002084 enol ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006316 polyvinylpyrrolidine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIGPVIDIXFIROW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C ZIGPVIDIXFIROW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWHRFHQRVDUPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 50867-57-7 Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O RWHRFHQRVDUPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- PVBRSNZAOAJRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-sulfanylacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CS PVBRSNZAOAJRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZWWQICJTBOCQLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-propan-2-yl (propan-2-yloxycarbothioyldisulfanyl)methanethioate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=S)SSC(=S)OC(C)C ZWWQICJTBOCQLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/003—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of model bodies, in which, using plastics, in the form of selected bead polymers, any three-dimensional structure can be built up using selective sintering using laser light.
- the invention also relates to a special material that is particularly suitable for laser sintering.
- the invention particularly relates to a method for producing three-dimensional
- Rapid prototyping is the term used to summarize the computer-controlled, additive, automatic model building processes known today.
- Laser sintering is a rapid prototyping process in which fillings made of certain powdery materials are heated and fused or sintered at certain points in the room under the influence of laser beams, preferably controlled by a program.
- Low-melting metals are sintered in a process for the production of three-dimensional tools for the shaping of thermoplastic plastic using a rapid prototyping system.
- Low-melting metals and / or metal alloys with a melting point below 200 ° C. are used in the form of metal powder or metal foils free from plastic binders or metallic binders.
- the energy of the laser radiation used is set up in accordance with the melting point of the metals and / or metal alloys used. With this procedure none Models are created from plastics. It is also not possible to obtain metal models from high-melting metals.
- the process serves both for the production of plastic models and for the production of positive preforms for ceramic casting molds.
- a disadvantage of the known plastic powders is their poor flowability, which can only be partially reduced by the use of flow aids.
- Polystyrene for the preform is feasible, but the surface quality of the preform is not fully satisfactory.
- the polymer preform is then surrounded with ceramic material that is fired at high temperatures for solidification.
- the polymer material is volatilized during this process. Complete volatilization is desired.
- the object of the invention was to find a material suitable for the sintering process by means of lasers which has a smooth to fine-grained surface after
- the invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensional
- the weight average is given here.
- Bead polymers with an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 ⁇ m are particularly suitable for the process according to the invention.
- the bead polymers to be used according to the invention have much more favorable flow properties than ground other plastics and therefore do not require any flow aids to improve their flow properties.
- the bead polymer does not leave any troublesome residues when it is incinerated, for example as the core of a hollow ceramic mold.
- plastic models which are primarily created using laser sintering, are further processed in subsequent processes for investment casting.
- the model is immersed in a slurried ceramic mass and the model coated with ceramic material is fired in the furnace.
- the model should burn completely when fired and leave the free hollow shape made of ceramic. Since conventional ground plastics do not burn completely due to the flow aid, the metallic models subsequently cast in the ceramic mold often have surface inaccuracies.
- the bead polymers for the purposes of the present invention are polymer particles which are largely spherical.
- Different processes for the production of spherical particles are known, for example polymerization processes such as suspension or. Bead polymerization, dispersion polymerization, seed feed polymerization, further atomization techniques and precipitation processes. So bead polymers with a particle size of about 10 to 200 microns can be obtained by suspension polymerization or bead polymerization.
- suspension polymerization is understood to mean a process in which a monomer or a monomer-containing mixture which contains an initiator soluble in the monomer (s) in a phase which is essentially immiscible with the monomer (s) and which contains a dispersant, in the form of droplets, optionally in a mixture with small, solid particles, and is cured by increasing the temperature with stirring. Further details of the suspension polymerization are published, for example, in the publication "Polymer Processes" CE Schildknecht, published in 1956 by Interscience Publishers, Inc. New York, described in the chapter “Polymerization in Suspension” on pages 69 to 109.
- Bead polymers with a particle size of 2 to 10 ⁇ m can be produced by the so-called dispersion polymerization.
- a suitable method is described, for example, in EP-A-610 522.
- Dispersion polymerization uses a solvent in which the monomers used are soluble but the polymer formed is insoluble.
- Dispersion polymerization generally provides bead polymers with a narrow particle size distribution.
- the bead polymers to be used according to the invention preferably consist of homopolymers or copolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated compounds (monomers).
- copolymers are understood to be polymers which are composed of two or more different monomers. Suitable monomers are e.g. Styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, chlorostyrene,
- Acrylic acid esters such as ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, methacrylic acid esters, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl decyl methyl acrylate, methacrylate methacrylate, Methacrylonitrile, methacrylamide and vinyl acetate.
- methacrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl decyl methyl acrylate, methacrylate methacryl
- homo- and copolymers of methacrylic acid esters and / or acrylic acid esters are particularly preferred.
- Polymethyl methacrylate and copolymers with a proportion of more than 60% by weight of methyl methacrylate units are particularly preferred.
- Well-suited copolymers are, for example, those which are 60 to 98
- % By weight of methyl methacrylate units and 2 to 40% by weight of units of acrylic acid esters and / or methacrylic acid esters having 4 to 18 carbon atoms in the alcohol part, in particular copolymers of methyl methacrylate with one or more monomers from the group: n-butyl acrylate, iso- Butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate.
- the molecular weight of the bead polymers can be important for the suitability for the process according to the invention.
- the molecular weight should in particular be from 10,000 to 1,000,000, preferably from 10,000 to 500,000, particularly preferably from 20,000 to 250,000 g / mol.
- molecular weight regulators can be used in the preparation of the bead polymers. Suitable molecular weight regulators are especially sulfur compounds, e.g. n-butyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, ethyl thioglycolate and diisopropyl xanthogen disulfide.
- the sulfur-free regulators mentioned in DE 3 010 373 are also very suitable for adjusting the molecular weight, for example the enol ethers of the formula I.
- Suitable laser types are all that bring the bead polymer to sintering, fusing or crosslinking, in particular CO2 laser (10 ⁇ m) ND-YAG laser (1,060 nm) He-Ne laser (633 nm) or dye laser (350-1,000 nm). A CO 2 laser is used before.
- the energy density in the bed is preferably from 0.1 to 10 J / mm 3 during irradiation.
- the effective diameter of the laser beam is preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 nm, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 nm, depending on the application.
- Pulsed lasers are preferably used, a high pulse frequency, in particular from 1 to 100 kHz, having proven particularly suitable.
- the preferred procedure can be described as follows:
- the laser beam strikes the uppermost layer of the bed of the material to be used according to the invention and sinters the material in a certain layer thickness.
- This layer thickness can be from 0.01 mm to 1 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 mm.
- the working space is then lowered by an amount which is less than the thickness of the sintered layer.
- the work space is filled up to the original height with additional polymer material.
- the second layer of the component is sintered and connected to the previous layer. By repeating the process, the additional layers are created until the component is finished.
- the exposure speed when scanning the laser is preferably 1 to 1,000 mm / s. Typically a speed of about 100 mm / s is used.
- the invention also relates to the models obtainable by the process according to the invention.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the models which are produced by the method according to the invention for the production of preforms, in particular of ceramic, for the investment casting of metals.
- Figure 1 shows the simplified schematic representation of a rapid prototyping
- Examples 1 to 6 below show the production of suitable fine-particle plastic material for laser sintering.
- the rapid prototyping system used to manufacture the models has the following basic structure (FIG. 1).
- the beam from an IR laser 1 is directed via a deflecting mirror 2 according to the specification of a scanner unit (not shown) onto the surface of the bed 4 of a bead polymer, which is held in a round shape 5 with a movable lower punch 6.
- Layers 3a, 3b of sintered plastic material are formed by the exposure. After each exposure and generation of a layer (e.g. 3b), the
- Stamp 6 lowered by a layer thickness and the bed 4 supplemented with new plastic material, which is exposed in the next step, whereby the next layer 3 a of the model body is generated.
- Bead polymer was isolated by centrifugation, washed with methanol and dried at 50 ° C. 780 g of a bead polymer with an average particle size of 5.3 ⁇ m were obtained.
- the average molecular weight M w was 110,000 g / mol.
- Enol ethers according to formula I were mixed to form a homogeneous solution.
- the solution was transferred to a stirred reactor which had previously been treated with 1.5 liters of a 1% strength by weight aqueous alkaline solution of a copolymer of 50% by weight methacrylic acid and 50% by weight adjusted to pH 8 with sodium hydroxide solution .-% methyl methacrylate had been filled.
- the stirring speed was set at 420 revolutions per minute.
- the temperature was held at 78 ° C for 8 hours and then at 85 ° C for 1 hour.
- the mixture was then cooled to room temperature, the bead polymer obtained was isolated by decanting, washed several times with water and dried at 60.degree. 465 g of a bead polymer with an average particle size of 45 ⁇ m were obtained.
- the temperature was held at 55 ° C for one hour, then at 75 ° C for 12 hours and then at 90 ° C for 4 hours.
- the mixture was then cooled to room temperature, the bead polymer obtained was isolated by filtration through a 32 ⁇ m filter cloth, washed several times with water and dried at 35 ° C. under 20 mbar vacuum. After sieving through a 125 ⁇ m sieve, a bead polymer with a Staudinger index, [ ⁇ ], (Ubbelohde capillary viscometer in chloroform at 25 ° C.) of 1.01 dl / g was obtained, which had a molecular weight M w of 250,000 g / Mol corresponds.
- the flowability of some polymers was quantified by means of determination of the angle of repose and determination of the flow angle.
- the angle of repose is here
- the cone is created by discharging the bulk material from a funnel with a narrow outlet onto a flat surface.
- the flow angle is the angle that an inclined surface makes in relation to the horizontal, and at which bulk material spread over the surface begins to flow under the influence of gravity.
- the plastic powder is sintered in a model system.
- the plastic powder is exposed in layers at a speed of 1 mm s under an infrared laser with a wavelength of 10,000 nm (CO 2 laser) at a maximum temperature of 500 ° C.
- the plastic powders tested from Examples 7 and 8 were sintered.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU42587/99A AU4258799A (en) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-06 | Method and material for producing model elements |
BR9910364-8A BR9910364A (pt) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-06 | Processo e material para a preparação de corpos de modelo |
JP2000548144A JP2002514527A (ja) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-06 | 模型の製造方法及び装置 |
CA002331528A CA2331528A1 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-06 | Method and material for producing model elements |
EP99950332A EP1085972A1 (de) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-06 | Verfahren und material zur herstellung von modellkörpern |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19820725A DE19820725A1 (de) | 1998-05-11 | 1998-05-11 | Verfahren und Material zur Herstellung von Modellkörpern |
DE19820725.5 | 1998-05-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999058317A1 true WO1999058317A1 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
Family
ID=7867167
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/003131 WO1999058317A1 (de) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-05-06 | Verfahren und material zur herstellung von modellkörpern |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1085972A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002514527A (de) |
AU (1) | AU4258799A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9910364A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2331528A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19820725A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW453947B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999058317A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018108001A1 (de) | 2018-04-05 | 2019-10-10 | Lean Plastics Technologies GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von kugelförmigen Polymerpartikeln und deren Verwendung |
DE102019109005A1 (de) * | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-08 | Lean Plastics Technologies GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kunststoffpartikeln |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004012683A1 (de) * | 2004-03-16 | 2005-10-06 | Degussa Ag | Lasersintern mit Lasern mit einer Wellenlänge von 100 bis 3000 nm |
DE102015016959A1 (de) | 2015-12-24 | 2016-06-09 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem solchen Bauteil |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996030195A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-03 | Dtm Corporation | Composite plastic material for selective laser sintering |
WO1997029148A1 (en) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-08-14 | Dtm Corporation | Polymer powder of controlled particle size distribution |
-
1998
- 1998-05-11 DE DE19820725A patent/DE19820725A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-05-06 JP JP2000548144A patent/JP2002514527A/ja active Pending
- 1999-05-06 EP EP99950332A patent/EP1085972A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-05-06 CA CA002331528A patent/CA2331528A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-06 WO PCT/EP1999/003131 patent/WO1999058317A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-05-06 AU AU42587/99A patent/AU4258799A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-06 BR BR9910364-8A patent/BR9910364A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-05-10 TW TW088107503A patent/TW453947B/zh active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996030195A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-03 | Dtm Corporation | Composite plastic material for selective laser sintering |
WO1997029148A1 (en) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-08-14 | Dtm Corporation | Polymer powder of controlled particle size distribution |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018108001A1 (de) | 2018-04-05 | 2019-10-10 | Lean Plastics Technologies GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von kugelförmigen Polymerpartikeln und deren Verwendung |
DE102019109005A1 (de) * | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-08 | Lean Plastics Technologies GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kunststoffpartikeln |
WO2020200674A1 (de) | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-08 | Lean Plastics Technologies GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von kunststoffpartikeln mittels laserstrahl |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2331528A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
EP1085972A1 (de) | 2001-03-28 |
BR9910364A (pt) | 2001-02-06 |
DE19820725A1 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
AU4258799A (en) | 1999-11-29 |
JP2002514527A (ja) | 2002-05-21 |
TW453947B (en) | 2001-09-11 |
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