WO1999054156A1 - Individual wheel suspension with a wheel guiding spring and shock absorber strut articulated by means of a compensating top rocker arm - Google Patents

Individual wheel suspension with a wheel guiding spring and shock absorber strut articulated by means of a compensating top rocker arm Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999054156A1
WO1999054156A1 PCT/EP1999/001740 EP9901740W WO9954156A1 WO 1999054156 A1 WO1999054156 A1 WO 1999054156A1 EP 9901740 W EP9901740 W EP 9901740W WO 9954156 A1 WO9954156 A1 WO 9954156A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spring
wheel
rocker
joint
damper
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1999/001740
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Siegfried Emmann
Wolfgang Hänssler
Christian Mosler
Wolfgang Pedrotti
Original Assignee
Daimlerchrysler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Daimlerchrysler Ag filed Critical Daimlerchrysler Ag
Publication of WO1999054156A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999054156A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G3/00—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel
    • B60G3/18—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram
    • B60G3/20—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram all arms being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/08—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring
    • B60G15/12—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having fluid spring and fluid damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/127—Mounting of springs or dampers with the mounting of springs or dampers moving so that the direction of the related force vector can be changed, thus contributing to a variation of the loading of the wheel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an independent wheel suspension for a vehicle axle with a wheel-guiding spring damper leg per wheel, the spring damper leg being articulated on the vehicle body in its lower region via at least one wishbone or semi-trailing arm, while it is supported on the vehicle body in its upper region.
  • Such independent suspension is known from FR 2 608 973 AI.
  • a steerable, wheel-guiding spring damper leg is described, in which the wheel is mounted on a damper tube via a wheel carrier.
  • the wheel carrier is articulated at its lower end to a wishbone articulated on the vehicle.
  • a coil spring resting on the vehicle body is supported on the damper tube.
  • the coil spring acts on a plate that is mounted on roller bearings in relation to the vehicle body.
  • the entire spring damper leg which is arranged between the wheel carrier and the plate, is pivoted. Since the damper tube is arranged offset to the wheel steering axis, there is a risk that the damper tube will twist relative to the damper piston rod screwed firmly to the plate while changing the steering axis.
  • a cantilever protrudes from the damper tube in the direction of travel, the end of which is articulated via a rod to prevent rotation at the edge of the plate.
  • the present invention is based on the problem of creating an independent wheel suspension according to the spring damper strut principle, in which the spring damper strut is only minimally deformed under the wheel load and which takes up little installation space in the wheel arch area.
  • the problem is solved with the features of the main claim.
  • the spring-damper strut is supported at its upper articulation point by a balance rocker on the vehicle body.
  • the balancing rocker is a lever that uses at least part of the vertical wheel load to form a transverse force with the help of a pendulum support, which counteracts the usual bending force loading the spring damper leg.
  • the transverse force can be adjusted by a specific choice of lever ratios on the balancing rocker so that the forces deforming the spring-damper leg are compensated for at least in the area of the regular driving conditions.
  • the damping of the spring shock absorber responds quickly to almost every road fault.
  • the spring-damper leg is either rigidly guided via the usual lower link or the balance rocker or alternatively is supported on the vehicle body via a trailing arm and a cantilever arm, in the event that the independent wheel suspension is used in a steered axle, it is not pivoted when steering . As a result, the position of the spring-damper leg relative to the wheel can be freely selected.
  • Figure 1 shows an individually suspended, steerable front wheel (1) of a truck front axle.
  • the wheel (1) which i.a. consists of a rim (3) and a tire (2), is seated above a wheel hub (4), which also carries a brake disc (8), on a steering knuckle (5).
  • the steering knuckle (5) is mounted on a wheel carrier (14) so that it can pivot about a wheel steering axis (27).
  • the wheel carrier (14) has a fist-shaped free end, the one
  • a fork (6) formed on the steering knuckle (5) is supported on the steering knuckle pin.
  • the wheel carrier (14) is part of a spring-damper leg (10) which is aligned, for example, parallel to the wheel steering axis (27).
  • the spring damper leg (10) consists e.g. from two coaxial damper and spring elements.
  • the damper element comprises a damper cylinder (11) serving as a support tube, in which a piston carried by a piston rod (15) is guided.
  • a gas pressure suspension sits on the damper cylinder (11).
  • the pressure chamber of this suspension is sealed off from the environment with the aid of a gas spring cylinder (16), a gas spring piston (18) and a gas bellows (17) arranged between them.
  • the gas spring piston (18) is arranged on the damper cylinder (11), 4 while the gas spring cylinder (16) is attached to the piston rod (15).
  • the spring-damper leg (10) is supported at its lower end, for example via a wishbone (21) designed on the vehicle body (9). At its upper end, it is articulated on the vehicle body (9) via a balancing rocker (31).
  • the transverse link (21), which is arranged approximately horizontally here, is mounted on the vehicle body (9) on two consecutive link pivot bearings (24). It is connected to the spring damper leg (10) via the handlebar joint (12). The latter prevents the spring damper leg (10) from pivoting about its longitudinal axis (19) due to its design.
  • a cantilever (42) can be arranged on the support tube (11) to support the braking torque. It is shown in dashed lines in FIG.
  • a trailing arm (41) is suspended from the free end of the cantilever arm (42). The latter is aligned, for example, approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, so that it can only be recognized as a point in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the joint between the cantilever arm (42) and the trailing arm (41) is e.g. at the intersection between the wheel axle and the extension of a straight line that passes through the handlebar joint (12) on the one hand and through the intersection of the wheel steering axle (27) with the wheel contact area on the other.
  • the compensating rocker (31) has the shape of an angle, the approximately vertical leg of which extends at least in sections along the lateral surface of the spring-damper leg (10), while the approximately horizontally oriented leg is arranged near the gas spring cylinder base, for example.
  • the two legs can be stiffened in front of and behind the spring-damper leg (10), for example via triangular plates. 5
  • the leveling rocker (31) is supported on the vehicle body (9) via the rocker swivel bearing (32).
  • the gas spring cylinder (16) or the piston rod (15) are attached to the balance rocker (31) via the upper rocker joint (34).
  • the joint (34) is embedded, for example, in a rubber element.
  • the linkage to the damper cylinder (11) takes place via a pendulum support (22).
  • the latter is on the vehicle side by means of a lower rocker joint (33)
  • the pendulum support (22) which can be designed as a triangular link, encompasses the damper cylinder (11) or the spring damper leg (10) on both sides in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the static and dynamic load to be absorbed by the wheel shown is introduced into the spring damper leg (10) via the balance rocker (31).
  • the balance rocker (31) tries to turn counterclockwise under the effect of the vertical load component.
  • a transverse force acting horizontally outwards is transmitted to the damper cylinder (11).
  • the latter is subjected to bending by the lever arm formed from the wheel carrier (14) and part of the steering knuckle (5).
  • the bend which elastically deforms the damper cylinder (11) towards the center of the vehicle, causes an increased friction in the spring damper leg (10), at least between the components that move relative to one another and slide along one another. Friction can significantly increase the response time of the damping in the event of road disturbances and thus negatively affect driving comfort. 6
  • the pivot axles of the wishbone (21) on the vehicle body are the
  • the lower link (21) can also be a semi-trailing arm.
  • the strut-side joints (12) and (13) can be shifted towards the wheel (1), so that e.g. the joint (12) lies between the longitudinal axis (19) of the spring damper leg (10) and the wheel pivot axis (27).
  • a spring-damper leg (10) consisting of a damper element and a spring element
  • a construction can also be selected which consists of two spring damper legs lying next to one another. Combinations of several spring elements and one damper element or several damper elements with one spring element are also conceivable. Otherwise, instead of 7 gas pressure suspension described, a mechanical suspension can also be used.

Abstract

The invention relates to an individual wheel suspension for the axle of a motor vehicle, comprising a wheel guiding spring and shock absorber strut for each wheel. The lower area of the spring and shock absorber strut is articulated by means of a transverse control arm or semi-trailing arm. The upper area of the spring and shock absorber strut is supported by the bodywork of the vehicle. The uppermost part of the point of articulation of the spring and shock absorber is supported by a compensating top rocker arm on the bodywork of the vehicle.The compensating top rocker arm is a lever which, in conjunction with an articulated support, uses at least part of the vertical wheel load to form a transversal force which reacts against the usual lateral force which is exerted upon the spring and shock absorber strut. The invention provides an individual wheel suspension whereby only minimum deformation occurs in the spring and shock absorber strut under the load of the wheel and only a small amount of space is required for fitting purposes in the area of the wheel arch.

Description

Einzelradaufhängung mit einem radführenden, über eine Ausgleichswippe angelenkten Feder-Dämpferbein Independent wheel suspension with a wheel-guiding spring-shock absorber that is articulated via a balance rocker
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einzelradaufhängung für eine Fahrzeugachse mit einem radführenden Feder-Dämpferbein pro Rad, wobei das Feder-Dämpferbein in seinem unteren Bereich über mindestens einen Quer- oder Schräglenker am Fahrzeugaufbau angelenkt ist, während es sich in seinem oberen Bereich am Fahrzeugaufbau abstützt .The invention relates to an independent wheel suspension for a vehicle axle with a wheel-guiding spring damper leg per wheel, the spring damper leg being articulated on the vehicle body in its lower region via at least one wishbone or semi-trailing arm, while it is supported on the vehicle body in its upper region.
Eine derartige Einzelradaufhängung ist aus der FR 2 608 973 AI bekannt. Dort wird ein lenkbares, radführendes Feder-Dämpferbein beschrieben, bei dem das Rad über einen Radträger an einem Dämpferrohr gelagert ist . Der Radträger ist an seinem unteren Ende an einem am Fahrzeugauf au angelenkten Querlenker gelenkig befestigt. Auf dem Dämpferrohr stützt sich eine am Fahrzeugaufbau anliegende Schraubenfeder ab. Die Schraubenfeder wirkt hierbei auf einen gegenüber dem Fahrzeugaufbau wälzgelagerten Teller. Zum Lenken wird das gesamte, zwischen dem Radträger und dem Teller angeordnete, Feder- Dämpferbein geschwenkt. Da das Dämpferrohr versetzt zur Radlenkachse angeordnet ist, besteht die Gefahr, daß sich das Dämpferrohr gegenüber der fest am Teller angeschraubten Dämpferkolbenstange unter Änderung der Lenkachse verdreht . Um das zu vermeiden, ragt aus dem Dämpferrohr in Fahrtrichtung ein Kragarm heraus, dessen Ende über eine Stange zur Verdrehsicherung am Rand des Tellers angelenkt ist. Beim Lenken werden somit der Teller und der Radträger annähernd um den gleichen Winkel geschwenkt . Bei diesem 2Such independent suspension is known from FR 2 608 973 AI. There, a steerable, wheel-guiding spring damper leg is described, in which the wheel is mounted on a damper tube via a wheel carrier. The wheel carrier is articulated at its lower end to a wishbone articulated on the vehicle. A coil spring resting on the vehicle body is supported on the damper tube. The coil spring acts on a plate that is mounted on roller bearings in relation to the vehicle body. For steering, the entire spring damper leg, which is arranged between the wheel carrier and the plate, is pivoted. Since the damper tube is arranged offset to the wheel steering axis, there is a risk that the damper tube will twist relative to the damper piston rod screwed firmly to the plate while changing the steering axis. To avoid this, a cantilever protrudes from the damper tube in the direction of travel, the end of which is articulated via a rod to prevent rotation at the edge of the plate. When steering, the plate and the wheel carrier are pivoted approximately at the same angle. With this 2
Feder-Dämpferbein wird das Dämpferrohr permanent auf Biegung belastet, so daß sich große Reibkräfte zwischen der Kolbenstange und ihren Führungen ergeben.Spring damper strut, the damper tube is permanently loaded on bending, so that there are large frictional forces between the piston rod and its guides.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, eine Einzelradaufhängung nach dem Feder-Dämpferbeinprinzip zu schaffen, bei der das Feder-Dämpferbein unter der Radlast nur minimal verformt wird und die im Radkastenbereich nur wenig Bauraum beansprucht .The present invention is based on the problem of creating an independent wheel suspension according to the spring damper strut principle, in which the spring damper strut is only minimally deformed under the wheel load and which takes up little installation space in the wheel arch area.
Das Problem wird mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst. Das Feder-Dämpferbein wird an seiner- oberen Anlenkstelle über eine Ausgleichswippe am Fahrzeugaufbau abgestützt. Die Ausgleichswippe ist ein Hebel, der unter Zuhilfenahme einer Pendelstütze zumindest einen Teil der vertikalen Radlast zur Bildung einer Querkraft verwendet, die der üblichen, das Feder-Dämpferbein belastenden Biegekraft entgegenwirkt. Die Querkraft ist durch eine gezielte Wahl der Hebelverhältnisse an der Ausgleichswippe so einstellbar, daß sich die das Feder-Dämpferbein elastisch verformenden Kräfte zumindest im Bereich der regulären Fahrzustände kompensieren. Dadurch spricht die Dämpfung des Feder-Dämpferbeins nahezu bei jeder Fahrbahnstörung schnell an.The problem is solved with the features of the main claim. The spring-damper strut is supported at its upper articulation point by a balance rocker on the vehicle body. The balancing rocker is a lever that uses at least part of the vertical wheel load to form a transverse force with the help of a pendulum support, which counteracts the usual bending force loading the spring damper leg. The transverse force can be adjusted by a specific choice of lever ratios on the balancing rocker so that the forces deforming the spring-damper leg are compensated for at least in the area of the regular driving conditions. As a result, the damping of the spring shock absorber responds quickly to almost every road fault.
Da das Feder-Dämpferbein entweder über den üblichen unteren Lenker oder die Ausgleichswippe drehstarr geführt ist oder alternativ über einen Längslenker und einen Kragarm am Fahrzeugaufbau abgestützt ist, wird es in dem Fall, daß die Einzelradaufhängung in einer gelenkten Achse verwendet wird, beim Lenken nicht mitgeschwenkt . Dadurch ist die Lage des Feder-Dämpferbeins gegenüber dem Rad frei wählbar.Since the spring-damper leg is either rigidly guided via the usual lower link or the balance rocker or alternatively is supported on the vehicle body via a trailing arm and a cantilever arm, in the event that the independent wheel suspension is used in a steered axle, it is not pivoted when steering . As a result, the position of the spring-damper leg relative to the wheel can be freely selected.
Bei den hier beschriebenen Einzelradaufhängungen, die sowohl in Vorder- als auch Hinterachsen verwendet werden 3 können, liegt die jeweilige Stützstelle des entsprechenden Feder-Dämpferbeins nicht über, sondern - in Fahrzeugquerrichtung gesehen - neben diesem. Folglich benötigen diese Einzelradaufhängungen wenig Platz nach oben.With the independent suspension described here, which are used in both front and rear axles 3, the respective support point of the corresponding spring-damper leg is not above, but - seen in the vehicle transverse direction - next to this. As a result, these independent suspensions take up little space.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den nicht zitierten Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einer schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsform.Further details of the invention emerge from the non-cited subclaims and the following description of a schematically illustrated embodiment.
Figur 1 zeigt ein einzeln aufgehängtes, lenkbares Vorderrad (1) einer Lastkraftwagenvorderachse. Das Rad (1) , das u.a. aus einer Felge (3) und einem Reifen (2) besteht, sitzt über eine Radnabe (4) , die auch eine Bremsscheibe (8) trägt, wälzgelagert auf einem Achsschenkel (5) . Der Achsschenkel (5) ist um eine Radlenkachse (27) schwenkbar an einem Radträger (14) gelagert. Der Radträger (14) hat ein faustförmiges freies Ende, das einenFigure 1 shows an individually suspended, steerable front wheel (1) of a truck front axle. The wheel (1), which i.a. consists of a rim (3) and a tire (2), is seated above a wheel hub (4), which also carries a brake disc (8), on a steering knuckle (5). The steering knuckle (5) is mounted on a wheel carrier (14) so that it can pivot about a wheel steering axis (27). The wheel carrier (14) has a fist-shaped free end, the one
Achsschenkelbolzen (7) trägt. Auf dem Achsschenkelbolzen stützt sich eine am Achsschenkel (5) angeformte Gabel (6) ab.Kingpin (7). A fork (6) formed on the steering knuckle (5) is supported on the steering knuckle pin.
Der Radträger (14) ist Teil eines Feder-Dämpferbeins (10) , das beispielsweise parallel zur Radlenkachse (27) ausgerichtet ist. Das Feder-Dämpferbein (10) besteht z.B. aus zwei koaxial übereinander angeordneten Dämpfer- und Federelementen. Das Dämpferelement umfaßt einen als Tragrohr dienenden Dämpferzylinder (11) in dem ein von einer Kolbenstange (15) getragener Kolben geführt ist.The wheel carrier (14) is part of a spring-damper leg (10) which is aligned, for example, parallel to the wheel steering axis (27). The spring damper leg (10) consists e.g. from two coaxial damper and spring elements. The damper element comprises a damper cylinder (11) serving as a support tube, in which a piston carried by a piston rod (15) is guided.
Auf dem Dämpferzylinder (11) sitzt eine Gasdruckfederung. Der Druckraum dieser Federung wird gegenüber der Umgebung mit Hilfe eines Gasfederzylinders (16) , eines Gasfederkolbens (18) und einem dazwischen angeordneten Gasfederbalg (17) abgeschlossen. Hierbei ist der Gasfederkolben (18) am Dämpferzylinder (11) angeordnet, 4 während der Gasfederzylinder (16) an der Kolbenstange (15) befestigt ist.A gas pressure suspension sits on the damper cylinder (11). The pressure chamber of this suspension is sealed off from the environment with the aid of a gas spring cylinder (16), a gas spring piston (18) and a gas bellows (17) arranged between them. The gas spring piston (18) is arranged on the damper cylinder (11), 4 while the gas spring cylinder (16) is attached to the piston rod (15).
Das Feder-Dämpferbein (10) ist an seinem unteren Ende beispielsweise über einen als Dreiecklenker ausgebildeten Querlenker (21) am Fahrzeugaufbau (9) abgestützt. An seinem oberen Ende ist es über eine Ausgleichswippe (31) am Fahrzeugaufbau (9) angelenkt.The spring-damper leg (10) is supported at its lower end, for example via a wishbone (21) designed on the vehicle body (9). At its upper end, it is articulated on the vehicle body (9) via a balancing rocker (31).
Der hier annähernd horizontal angeordnete Querlenker (21) ist am Fahrzeugaufbau (9) an zwei hintereinanderliegenden Lenkerschwenklagern (24) gelagert. Mit dem Feder- Dämpferbein (10) ist er über das Lenkergelenk (12) verbunden. Letzteres verhindert durch seine Bauart des Verschwenken des Feder-Dämpferbeins (10) um seine Längsachse (19) .The transverse link (21), which is arranged approximately horizontally here, is mounted on the vehicle body (9) on two consecutive link pivot bearings (24). It is connected to the spring damper leg (10) via the handlebar joint (12). The latter prevents the spring damper leg (10) from pivoting about its longitudinal axis (19) due to its design.
Alternativ kann zur AbStützung des Bremsmoments am Tragrohr (11) ein Kragarm (42) angeordnet sein. Er ist in Figur 1 gestrichelt dargestellt. Am freien Ende des Kragarms (42) ist ein Längslenker (41) eingehängt. Letzterer ist beispielsweise annähernd parallel zur Fahrzeuglängsachse ausgerichtet, so daß er im Ausführungsbeispiel nur als Punkt erkennbar ist. Das Gelenk zwischen dem Kragarm (42) und dem Längslenker (41) liegt z.B. auf dem Schnittpunkt zwischen der Radachse und der Verlängerung einer Geraden, die zum einen durch das Lenkergelenk (12) und zum anderen durch den Schnittpunkt der Radlenkachse (27) mit der RadaufStandsfläche geht.Alternatively, a cantilever (42) can be arranged on the support tube (11) to support the braking torque. It is shown in dashed lines in FIG. A trailing arm (41) is suspended from the free end of the cantilever arm (42). The latter is aligned, for example, approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, so that it can only be recognized as a point in the exemplary embodiment. The joint between the cantilever arm (42) and the trailing arm (41) is e.g. at the intersection between the wheel axle and the extension of a straight line that passes through the handlebar joint (12) on the one hand and through the intersection of the wheel steering axle (27) with the wheel contact area on the other.
Die Ausgleichswippe (31) hat die Gestalt eines Winkels, dessen annähernd vertikaler Schenkel zumindest abschnittsweise entlang der Mantelfläche des Feder- Dämpferbeins (10) verläuft, während der beispielsweise annähernd horizontal ausgerichtete Schenkel in der Nähe des Gasfederzylinderbodens angeordnet ist. Zur Versteifung der Ausgleichswippe können die beiden Schenkel vor und hinter dem Feder-Dämpferbein (10) beispielsweise über Dreiecksbleche ausgesteift sein. 5The compensating rocker (31) has the shape of an angle, the approximately vertical leg of which extends at least in sections along the lateral surface of the spring-damper leg (10), while the approximately horizontally oriented leg is arranged near the gas spring cylinder base, for example. To stiffen the balance rocker, the two legs can be stiffened in front of and behind the spring-damper leg (10), for example via triangular plates. 5
Die Ausgleichswippe (31) stützt sich über das Wippenschwenklager (32) am Fahrzeugaufbau (9) ab. Am Feder- Dämpferbein (10) ist sie sowohl am Dämpferzylinder (11) als auch am Gasfederzylinder (16) bzw. der Kolbenstange (15) schwenkbar angelenkt. Der Gasfederzylinder (16) bzw. die Kolbenstange (15) sind über das obere Wippengelenk (34) an der Ausgleichswippe (31) befestigt. Das Gelenk (34) ist beispielsweise in ein Gummielement eingebettet.The leveling rocker (31) is supported on the vehicle body (9) via the rocker swivel bearing (32). On the spring-damper leg (10) it is pivotably articulated both on the damper cylinder (11) and on the gas spring cylinder (16) or the piston rod (15). The gas spring cylinder (16) or the piston rod (15) are attached to the balance rocker (31) via the upper rocker joint (34). The joint (34) is embedded, for example, in a rubber element.
Die Anlenkung am Dämpferzylinder (11) erfolgt über eine Pendelstütze (22) . Letztere ist fahrzeugseitig mittels eines unteren Wippengelenks (33) an derThe linkage to the damper cylinder (11) takes place via a pendulum support (22). The latter is on the vehicle side by means of a lower rocker joint (33)
Ausgleichswippe (31) eingehängt. Radseitig ist sie mittels eines am Dämpferzylinder (11) angeordneten Pendelstützgelenks (13) befestigt. Die Pendelstütze (22), die als Dreiecklenker ausgebildet sein kann, umgreift hierzu im Ausführungsbeispiel den Dämpferzylinder (11) bzw. das Feder-Dämpferbein (10) beidseitig.Compensation rocker (31) hooked in. On the wheel side, it is fastened by means of a pendulum support joint (13) arranged on the damper cylinder (11). The pendulum support (22), which can be designed as a triangular link, encompasses the damper cylinder (11) or the spring damper leg (10) on both sides in the exemplary embodiment.
Die vom dargestellten Rad aufzunehmende statische und dynamische Last wird über die Ausgleichswippe (31) in das Feder-Dämpferbein (10) eingeleitet. Die Ausgleichswippe (31) versucht unter der Wirkung des vertikalen Lastanteils eine Drehung gegen den Uhrzeigersinn. Hierbei überträgt sich mit Hilfe der Pendelstütze (22) eine horizontal nach außen wirkende Querkraft auf den Dämpferzylinder (11) . Letzterer wird durch den aus dem Radträger (14) und einem Teil des Achsschenkels (5) gebildeten Hebelarm auf Biegung beansprucht. Die Biegung, die den Dämpferzylinder (11) zur Fahrzeugmitte hin elastisch verformt, bewirkt im Feder-Dämpferbein (10) zumindest zwischen den relativ zueinander bewegten, aneinander entlanggleitenden Bauteilen eine erhöhte Reibung. Die Reibung kann die Ansprechzeit der Dämpfung bei Fahrbahnstörungen erheblich verlängern und damit den Fahrkomfort negativ beeinträchtigen. 6The static and dynamic load to be absorbed by the wheel shown is introduced into the spring damper leg (10) via the balance rocker (31). The balance rocker (31) tries to turn counterclockwise under the effect of the vertical load component. With the help of the pendulum support (22), a transverse force acting horizontally outwards is transmitted to the damper cylinder (11). The latter is subjected to bending by the lever arm formed from the wheel carrier (14) and part of the steering knuckle (5). The bend, which elastically deforms the damper cylinder (11) towards the center of the vehicle, causes an increased friction in the spring damper leg (10), at least between the components that move relative to one another and slide along one another. Friction can significantly increase the response time of the damping in the event of road disturbances and thus negatively affect driving comfort. 6
Die Wirkung der Biegung wird durch die Wirkung derThe effect of the bend is determined by the effect of the
Querkraft weitgehend ausgeglichen, so daß die elastischen Verformungen am Dämpferzylinder (11) und an der Kolbenstange (15) klein bleiben und die Reibkräfte zwischen den Dämpferbauteilen einen Minimalwert erreichen.Shear force largely compensated so that the elastic deformations on the damper cylinder (11) and on the piston rod (15) remain small and the frictional forces between the damper components reach a minimum value.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die fahrzeugaufbauseitigen Schwenkachsen des Querlenkers (21) , derIn the exemplary embodiment, the pivot axles of the wishbone (21) on the vehicle body are the
Ausgleichswippe (31) und der Pendelstütze (22) zumindest annähernd parallel zueinander und parallel zur Fahrzeuglängsachse ausgerichtet . Diese Schwenkach- senausrichtungen sind nicht zwingend.Compensation rocker (31) and the pendulum support (22) aligned at least approximately parallel to one another and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. These swivel axis alignments are not mandatory.
So können sich z.B. die Schwenkachsen der Ausgleichswippen beider Vorderräder in Fahrtrichtung gesehen -vor derFor example, the swivel axes of the balance rockers of both front wheels seen in the direction of travel - before
Vorderachse schneiden, so daß die Feder-Dämpferbeine beimCut the front axle so that the spring struts at
Einfedern nach hinten und zur Fahrzeugmitte hin neigen.Spring backwards and tilt towards the center of the vehicle.
Dadurch läßt sich z.B. das Bremsnicken des Fahrzeugaufbaus verringern.This allows e.g. reduce the braking pitch of the vehicle body.
Ferner kann der untere Lenker (21) ein Schräglenker sein.The lower link (21) can also be a semi-trailing arm.
U.a. können zur Verringerung des Bauraums der Einzelradaufhängung und/oder zur Optimierung der Spurtreue die federbeinseitigen Gelenke (12) und (13) zum Rad (1) hin verlagert sein, so daß z.B. das Gelenk (12) zwischen der Längsachse (19) des Feder-Dämpferbeins (10) und der Radschwenkachse (27) liegt.Et al To reduce the installation space of the independent wheel suspension and / or to optimize the directional stability, the strut-side joints (12) and (13) can be shifted towards the wheel (1), so that e.g. the joint (12) lies between the longitudinal axis (19) of the spring damper leg (10) and the wheel pivot axis (27).
Anstelle eines Feder-Dämpferbeins (10) aus einem Dämpferelement und einem Federelement kann auch eine Konstruktion gewählt werden, die aus zwei nebeneinaderliegenden Feder-Dämpferbeinen besteht. Auch Kombinationen aus mehreren Federelementen und einem Dämpferelement oder mehreren Dämpferelementen mit einem Federelement sind denkbar. Im übrigen kann anstelle der 7 beschriebenen Gasdruckfederung auch eine mechanische Federung verwendet werden. Instead of a spring-damper leg (10) consisting of a damper element and a spring element, a construction can also be selected which consists of two spring damper legs lying next to one another. Combinations of several spring elements and one damper element or several damper elements with one spring element are also conceivable. Otherwise, instead of 7 gas pressure suspension described, a mechanical suspension can also be used.
8 Bezugszeichenliste8 List of reference symbols
1 Rad1 wheel
2 Reifen2 tires
3 Felge3 rim
4 Radnabe4 wheel hub
5 Achsschenkel5 steering knuckles
6 Gabel6 fork
7 Achsschenkelbolzen7 kingpin
8 Bremsscheibe8 brake disc
9 Fahrzeugaufbau9 Vehicle body
10 Feder-Dämpferbein10 spring shock absorber
11 Dämpferzylinder, Tragrohr11 damper cylinder, support tube
12 Lenkergelenk, Gelenkstelle12 handlebar joint, joint point
13 Pendelstützengelenk, Gelenkstelle13 pendulum support joint, articulation point
14 Radträger14 wheel carriers
15 Kolbenstange mit Kolben15 piston rod with piston
16 Gasfederzylinder16 gas spring cylinders
17 Gasfederbalg17 gas bellows
18 Gasfederkolben18 gas spring pistons
19 Längsachse von (10)19 longitudinal axis of (10)
21 Querlenker, Dreieckslenker21 wishbones, wishbones
22 Pendelstütze22 pendulum support
24 Lenkerschwenklager24 handlebar swivel bearings
27 Radlenkachse 31 Ausgleichswippe27 wheel steering axle 31 Balance rocker
32 Wippenschwenklager32 rocker swivel bearings
33 Wippengelenk, unten33 seesaw joint, below
34 Wippengelenk, oben34 Rocker joint, above
41 Längslenker
Figure imgf000011_0001
42 Kragarm an (11) 41 trailing arms
Figure imgf000011_0001
42 cantilever arm (11)

Claims

10Patentansprüche 10 patent claims
1. Einzelradaufhängung für eine Fahrzeugachse mit mindestens einem radführenden Feder-Dämpferbein pro Rad, wobei das Feder-Dämpferbein in seinem unteren Bereich über mindestens einen Quer- oder Schräglenker am Fahrzeugaufbau angelenkt ist, während es sich in seinem oberen Bereich am Fahrzeugauf au abstützt, dadurch gekennzeichnet,1. Independent wheel suspension for a vehicle axle with at least one wheel-guiding spring damper strut per wheel, the spring damper strut being articulated in the lower region via at least one wishbone or semi-trailing arm on the vehicle body, while in its upper region it is supported on the vehicle body, thereby featured,
- daß das Feder-Dämpfersbein (10) mit seinem oberen Ende über eine Ausgleichswippe (31) am Fahrzeugaufbau (9) angeordnet ist,- That the spring-damper leg (10) is arranged with its upper end via a balance rocker (31) on the vehicle body (9),
- daß die Ausgleichswippe (31) zumindest bereichsweise ein winkelförmiger Hebel ist, der sich teilweise neben und teilweise oberhalb des Feder-Dämpferbeins (10) erstreckt, wobei an seinem oberen und unteren freien Ende jeweils ein Wippengelenk (33, 34) angeordnet ist.- That the balance rocker (31) is at least in some areas an angular lever which extends partially next to and partially above the spring damper leg (10), with a rocker joint (33, 34) being arranged at its upper and lower free end.
- daß das obere Wippengelenk (34) das Feder- Dämpferbein (10) um eine annähernd horizontale Achse schwenkbar lagert,- That the upper rocker joint (34) supports the spring-damper leg (10) pivotable about an approximately horizontal axis,
- daß die Ausgleichswippe (31) im Bereich zwischen den Wippengelenken (33, 34) über ein Wippenschwenklager (32) gelagert ist, deren Schwenkachse zur Achsmitte hin seitlich versetzt neben dem Feder-Dämpferbein (10) liegt,- That the balance rocker (31) is mounted in the area between the rocker joints (33, 34) via a rocker swivel bearing (32), the pivot axis of which is laterally offset to the center of the axis next to the spring damper leg (10),
- daß das untere Wippengelenk (33) mindestens eine Pendelstütze (22) lagert, die zwischen diesem Gelenk (33) und einem am Feder-Dämpferbein (10) angeordneten Pendelstützengelenk (13) liegt,- That the lower rocker joint (33) supports at least one pendulum support (22) which lies between this joint (33) and a pendulum support joint (13) arranged on the spring-damper leg (10),
- daß das Feder-Dämpferbein (10) bezüglich seiner Längsachse (19) entweder über den unteren Lenker (21) oder die Ausgleichswippe (31) drehstarr geführt ist oder alternativ über einen Längslenker (41) und einen Kragarm (42) am Fahrzeugaufbau (9) abgestützt ist. 11- That the spring-damper leg (10) with respect to its longitudinal axis (19) is guided in a rotationally rigid manner either via the lower link (21) or the balance rocker (31) or alternatively via a longitudinal link (41) and a cantilever arm (42) on the vehicle body (9 ) is supported. 11
2. Einzelradaufhängung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand (A) sich zu dem Abstand (B) verhält wie der Abstand (a) zu dem Abstand (b) , wobei (A) der kürzeste Abstand zwischen dem Lenkergelenk (12) und der Radlangsmittenebene ist, wobei (B) der vertikale Anteil des Abstandes zwischen dem Lenkergelenk (12) und dem Pendelstützengelenk (13) ist, wobei (a) der lotrechte Abstand zwischen der Feder-Dämpferbeinachse (19) und dem Wippenschwenklager (32) ist und wobei (b) der Anteil des Abstandes zwischen dem Wippenschwenklager (32) und dem unteren Wippengelenk (33) ist, der sich parallel zur Feder- Dämpferbeinachse (19) erstreckt.2. Independent wheel suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (A) to the distance (B) behaves like the distance (a) to the distance (b), wherein (A) is the shortest distance between the handlebar joint (12) and the longitudinal center plane of the wheel, where (B) is the vertical portion of the distance between the link joint (12) and the pendulum support joint (13), where (a) is the vertical distance between the spring damper leg axis (19) and the rocker pivot bearing (32) and (b) is the proportion of the distance between the rocker pivot bearing (32) and the lower rocker joint (33), which extends parallel to the spring damper leg axis (19).
3. Einzelradaufhängung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der untere Lenker (21) ein Querlenker ist .3. Independent wheel suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower link (21) is a wishbone.
4. Einzelradaufhängung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querlenker (21) am Feder- Dämpferbein (10) in einem Lenkergelenk (12) gelagert ist, dessen Schwenkachse zum Rad (1) hin versetzt ist.4. Independent wheel suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the wishbone (21) is mounted on the spring-damper leg (10) in a handlebar joint (12), the pivot axis of which is offset towards the wheel (1).
5. Einzelradaufhängung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwenkachse der5. Independent wheel suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivot axis of the
Ausgleichswippe (31) annähernd horizontal verläuft, wobei sie gegenüber der Schwenkachse des Lenkers (21) parallel oder schräg angeordnet ist .Compensation rocker (31) runs approximately horizontally, being arranged parallel or obliquely with respect to the pivot axis of the link (21).
6. Einzelradaufhängung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pendelstütze (22) am Feder- Dämpferbein (10) in einem Pendelstützengelenk (13) gelagert ist, dessen Schwenkachse zum Rad (1) hin versetzt außerhalb des Federbein- oder Tragrohres (11) liegt. 126. Independent wheel suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the pendulum support (22) on the spring damper leg (10) is mounted in a pendulum support joint (13), the pivot axis of the wheel (1) offset outside the strut or support tube (11) lies. 12
7. Einzelradaufhängung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wirkungslinien der Federung und der Dämpfung fluchten.7. Independent wheel suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the lines of action of the suspension and the damping are aligned.
8. Einzelradaufhängung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Federung des Feder- Dämpferbeins (10) eine Gasdruckfeder (16-18) darstellt.8. Independent suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension of the spring-damper leg (10) is a gas pressure spring (16-18).
9. Einzelradaufhängung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Feder-Dämpferbein (10) parallel zur Radlenkachse (27) angeordnet ist. 9. Independent wheel suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring damper (10) is arranged parallel to the wheel steering axle (27).
PCT/EP1999/001740 1998-04-16 1999-03-17 Individual wheel suspension with a wheel guiding spring and shock absorber strut articulated by means of a compensating top rocker arm WO1999054156A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19816803.9 1998-04-16
DE1998116803 DE19816803C1 (en) 1998-04-16 1998-04-16 Independent wheel suspension for motor vehicle

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011076360A1 (en) * 2011-05-24 2012-11-29 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Wheel suspension for vehicle, has upper control arm, lower control arm and damping element for damping movement of wheel that is arranged at wheel suspension, where damping element has piston rod and cylinder housing
DE102011076427A1 (en) * 2011-05-25 2012-11-29 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Wheel suspension of vehicle, has damper element for damping movement of wheel suspension arranged on wheel, which comprises piston rod and cylinder housing so that control arm is formed partially by cylinder housing
DE102011081543A1 (en) * 2011-08-25 2013-02-28 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Wheel suspension for vehicle, has one lever arm, which is connected with strut and another lever arm is connected with damper element in hinged manner

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3442682A1 (en) * 1984-11-23 1986-06-05 Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt Independent wheel suspension for motor vehicles
JPS6299205A (en) * 1985-10-25 1987-05-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd Suspension device
FR2608973A1 (en) * 1986-12-24 1988-07-01 Peugeot Suspension with a telescopic strut for a motor vehicle guiding wheel
EP0346191A1 (en) * 1988-06-07 1989-12-13 Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault Apparatus for correcting the steering kinetics of the damping struts of a steerable vehicle wheel
DE4203057A1 (en) * 1992-02-04 1993-08-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Wheel suspension for motor vehicle - uses intermediate arm and strut, to guide damper and spring leg

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3442682A1 (en) * 1984-11-23 1986-06-05 Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt Independent wheel suspension for motor vehicles
JPS6299205A (en) * 1985-10-25 1987-05-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd Suspension device
FR2608973A1 (en) * 1986-12-24 1988-07-01 Peugeot Suspension with a telescopic strut for a motor vehicle guiding wheel
EP0346191A1 (en) * 1988-06-07 1989-12-13 Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault Apparatus for correcting the steering kinetics of the damping struts of a steerable vehicle wheel
DE4203057A1 (en) * 1992-02-04 1993-08-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Wheel suspension for motor vehicle - uses intermediate arm and strut, to guide damper and spring leg

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 316 (M - 631) 15 October 1987 (1987-10-15) *

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