WO1999052235A2 - Procede et systeme permettant de determiner la position d'un terminal mobile dans un systeme de communications mobile a acces multiple par code de repartition (amcr) - Google Patents

Procede et systeme permettant de determiner la position d'un terminal mobile dans un systeme de communications mobile a acces multiple par code de repartition (amcr) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999052235A2
WO1999052235A2 PCT/SE1999/000577 SE9900577W WO9952235A2 WO 1999052235 A2 WO1999052235 A2 WO 1999052235A2 SE 9900577 W SE9900577 W SE 9900577W WO 9952235 A2 WO9952235 A2 WO 9952235A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
registers
output
register
input
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Application number
PCT/SE1999/000577
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English (en)
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WO1999052235A3 (fr
Inventor
Mats Cedervall
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority to AU42977/99A priority Critical patent/AU751799B2/en
Priority to CA002327647A priority patent/CA2327647A1/fr
Priority to KR1020007011186A priority patent/KR20010042540A/ko
Priority to EP99934401A priority patent/EP1068674A2/fr
Publication of WO1999052235A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999052235A2/fr
Publication of WO1999052235A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999052235A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to the mobile communications field and, in particular, to a method and system for use in determining the position of a mobile radio terminal in a mobile radio system following a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) standard.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • the mobile positioning functions will be performed, at least partly, within the cellular system involved rather than relying completely on an external system (e.g., the Global
  • GPS Positioning System
  • TO A Time of Arrival
  • TDOA Time Difference of Arrival
  • MS geographical position of a mobile station
  • Location area The location of the current cell provides a rough indication of an MS's position.
  • Handover solutions The simplest positioning concept (but providing reasonable accuracy) is based on a method in which handovers (including soft handovers) are made to a number of base stations (BSs). Each of these BSs measures the propagation time between itself and the MS involved. This method is relatively simple to implement because it involves very little change in the radio part. Also, the BSs do not require the use of an absolute time-reference.
  • Antenna array solution If a BS has an antenna array, an MS's position can be calculated from the estimated direction and round-trip delay of the communication signal.
  • GPS solution in an MS A GPS receiver can be included in a MS. However, this approach requires excessive computational and receiver complexity in the MS. 5.
  • Uplink solutions are based on measurements made by the BSs.
  • the BSs measure a signal transmitted by the MS (e.g., a lengthy, known training sequence).
  • the methods used for these solutions require an absolute time reference in, or synchronization of, the BSs.
  • the combined uplink/downlink solution (7) also has the following drawbacks: 1) The positioning process can take a considerable amount of time, because measurements have to be performed on both the uplink and downlink; 2) the reliability of the positioning process is reduced, because "hearability" is limited to the link (up or down) with the poorest performance; and 3) the positioning process uses up more information bandwidth than normal.
  • the stand-alone uplink solution (6) has some significant problems.
  • the near-far problem can be resolved on the uplink by increasing the transmitter power of the MS, and transmitting a known signal for a relatively long period of time.
  • this method produces some serious effects on system performance.
  • the MS's signal has to be transmitted at a relatively high power. This high power transmission causes serious capacity reductions in the serving and surrounding cells.
  • an MS transmits a known sequence it has to either replace the normal speech channel with this signal (probably causing speech interruption), or send a signal in parallel.
  • the latter approach increases the MS's complexity, battery drainage, and usage of information bandwidth.
  • these problems are exacerbated if the signal is transmitted for a relatively long period of time.
  • the present invention successfully resolves the above-described problems.
  • a method and system are provided for determining the position of MSs in a CDMA cellular system, in which each symbol to be transmitted by a MS is first spread by a short code (SC), and the resulting signal is further spread by a long code (LC).
  • SC short code
  • LC long code
  • the spreading code is divided into N-chip sections. Consequently, even if the transmitted symbols are unknown, the N-chip sections of the resulting signal are known (at least to within an unknown phase difference).
  • the MS transmits the resulting spread signal.
  • the received spread signal is correlated (and despread) with the known codes, and the original data is reconstructed.
  • the timing of the received signal can be determined with an accuracy of at least the time interval of the unknown phase difference.
  • An important technical advantage of the present invention is that the position of mobile stations can be determined with minimal interference to the system.
  • Another important technical advantage of the present invention is that the position of mobile stations can be determined without utilizing additional communication resources.
  • Still another important technical advantage of the present invention is that the position of mobile stations can be determined based on a normal traffic signal, which significantly decreases the transmission power required in comparison with existing mobile station positioning approaches.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram of an exemplary frame format that can be used to implement a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary MS positioning scenario that illustrates how to implement the preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method that can be used to implement the preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 4 is a diagram that illustrates an exemplary bank of sliding correlators that can be used to implement the preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 5 is a diagram that illustrates an exemplary bank of sliding correlators that can be used to implement a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method and system are provided for determining the position of MSs in a CDMA cellular system, in which each symbol to be transmitted by a MS is first spread by a SC, and the resulting signal is further spread by a LC.
  • the spreading code is divided into N-chip sections. Consequently, even if the transmitted symbols are unknown, the N- chip sections of the resulting signal are known (at least to within an unknown phase difference).
  • the MS then transmits the resulting spread signal.
  • the received spread signal is correlated (and despread) with the known codes, and the original data is reconstructed.
  • the timing of the received signal can be determined with an accuracy of at least the time interval of the unknown phase difference.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram of an exemplary frame format that can be used to implement a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • SC short- code
  • the time duration of the SC is typically equal to the symbol period.
  • the resulting signal is then scrambled by at least one LC.
  • the time duration of the LC is typically substantially longer than the symbol period, and it can even be up to several weeks or months long.
  • a combination of LCs is referred to as the "LC,” and a combination of all codes are referred to simply as the "code”.
  • the coded signal is then modulated and transmitted over the air interface.
  • the receiver e.g., a BS
  • the received signal is correlated with the known code (despread), and the original data is reconstructed.
  • One existing MS positioning approach is for an MS to transmit a known signal (so-called "positioning pulse") to facilitate the position determination process.
  • the MS whose position is to be determined is not required to change its transmitted signal to facilitate the positioning process, although a small change can be advantageous in some cases, as described below.
  • parts of the MS's transmitted signal are known. In these cases, this additional information can be utilized to improve the positioning performance.
  • a second exemplary embodiment that utilizes such additional information is described in detail below.
  • the symbols to be transmitted by a MS are denoted as S l7 S 2 ,..., and the spreading codes are denoted as C l5 C 2 ,...
  • the coded symbols to be transmitted are denoted as Sj , S 2 C 2 ,...
  • the spreading codes are divided into a plurality of N-chip sections.
  • the "length" in time of the N-chip section sequences is equal to the symbol interval.
  • the spread signal e.g., SjC,
  • the coded symbols e.g., SjC,, etc.
  • N-chip sections of the resulting signal are known (to within an unknown phase difference).
  • the received spread signal is time-dispersed (due to channel effects)and contains a great deal of interference (primarily from other users).
  • the timing of the signal is known to within an M-chip uncertainty.
  • the timing of the received spread signal can be determined by correlating the code (e.g., C,) with M different N-chip sections of the signal, which corresponds to M different time-shifts. A finer resolution can be obtained if the signal is sampled at a higher rate than the chip-rate and more than M correlations are performed.
  • C code
  • the results (e.g., output of a correlator) of these correlations are set forth in a vector.
  • the timing of the received signal is determined from the location of the largest peak value in this vector (which corresponds to a certain time-shift).
  • the timing of the received signal can be determined by correlating with other codes (e.g., C ⁇ C 3 , etc.) instead of C h but at time-shifts delayed by one or more symbol intervals.
  • the vectors obtained from the correlations with C C ⁇ etc. can be combined.
  • the transmitted signal is modulated by the unknown symbols.
  • the correlations are preferably combined non- coherently (i.e., the absolute value of the correlations are taken before the combination is derived).
  • the preferred embodiment described below with respect to FIGURE 2 illustrates an exemplary implementation of combining and filtering the correlation output vectors.
  • the resulting M-vector will have a discernible peak value, which will provide the timing of the desired received signal.
  • the above-described M-vector derived from the received signal can include several peak values due to multipath propagation.
  • the first peak that is higher than a predefined threshold value is likely to be the line-of-sight component, and it is preferably selected to provide the timing of the received signal.
  • the non-active BSs can relatively easily determine the timing of the received signal from the MS by using a bank of sliding correlators (e.g., as described with respect to the preferred embodiment below).
  • the timing of the received signal from the MS whose position is to be determined can be ascertained even while the MS continues transmitting its normal data traffic. Consequently, in accordance with the present invention, the system will experience no information loss or loss in capacity due to a new, non-information- carrying signal being transmitted. Therefore, there is no need to radically increase the MS's transmission power, which would cause an increase in interference and thus a loss in capacity (and possibly RF blocking of the signal to the active BS).
  • the symbol time interval will be quite short.
  • the gain from the non-coherent combining process is decreased, because the coherent combining process (i.e., the correlations) is performed for fewer chips (N is smaller).
  • the MS can be ordered by the network to alter the data rate so that the length of the transmitted symbol is increased. This effect is possible without lowering the data-rate, by using rate matching (e.g., code puncturing) and an increase in transmitted power to make up for the decreased coding gain.
  • rate matching e.g., code puncturing
  • the cellular system preferably selects a channel on which the MS transmits continuously during the MS positioning process (e.g., a physical control channel).
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary MS positioning scenario that illustrates how to implement the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the position of the MS 120 is being determined by an uplink method that utilizes an unknown transmitted signal.
  • the invention is not intended to be so limited and can also include a downlink method, which is a similar application to that of the uplink method.
  • the downlink case is omitted for the sake of brevity.
  • a combined uplink/downlink MS positioning methodology can be applied.
  • the exemplary MS positioning method 250 is illustrated by the flow diagram shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the positioning method commences at step 252 by the serving BS (e.g., 100) sending an order (control message via the air interface) to the MS 120 to use a predefined spreading factor and transmission power level.
  • a power increase can, for example, be accomplished with a typical fast power control feedback approach used in a known CDMA system.
  • a rate change does not have to be performed.
  • a different procedure for handling voice/data inactivity may be needed, since it is desired that the MS 120 transmit even during the voice/data inactivity period.
  • a set (e.g., at least one) of nearby non-active (MS 120 not connected to) BSs (e.g., 110a and/or 110b) is/are ordered by the network to start searching for and correlating with the code used by the MS 120.
  • This code search is preferably performed with a bank of sliding correlators.
  • An exemplary bank of sliding correlators (200) that can be used to implement the preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIGURE 4.
  • a baseband signal, x(t) enters the sliding correlators (1-M).
  • Each block "D" denotes a chip delay.
  • the BSs correlate the code with that in the baseband signal with a multiplier 202 j . M and a register 206 ⁇ .
  • the register output is added (204 ⁇ for feedback to the output of the multiplier 202 X . M . and coupled to the register input.
  • every N chips the register 206 ! . M is reset.
  • the current value of the correlated signal, y(t), in the respective register is sampled and passed through an absolute value function (e.g., filter) 208 X . M , and then added 210j. M to a second register 212j. M .
  • an absolute value function e.g., filter
  • the output values, z(l)-z(M), from these combiners constitute the correlation function from which the TOA value of the received signal can be estimated (step 258).
  • the BS estimates the MS's position from the estimated TOA of the received signal.
  • the network can then order (via a control message over the air interface) the MS 120 to resume its normal operation.
  • the length of the transmitted symbols can be defined as N chips long. Also, it can be assumed (for simplicity) that the received signal is sampled at the chip rate. In the case of a faster sampling rate, more sliding correlators can be used. If there are no interfering users, the output from the bank (200) sliding correlators could have one or more magnitude peaks for every transmitted signal. These peaks correspond to the different paths that constitute the communication channel. The first of these peaks is most likely the direct-path, and the arrival time of this path can be used as a time-stamp for the received signal. A set of these time-stamps, which can be obtained from different BSs, can be used to estimate the position of the MS 120. One of the known location estimation algorithms can then be used at the network side to calculate the MS's position.
  • the cell size associated with a particular BS is relatively large, more correlators can be implemented in the bank 200, since the uncertainty of the timing in the other BSs becomes larger. For example, if the timing uncertainty with respect to another BS is 32 ⁇ s (equal to about 9 km), approximately 128 correlators would be needed in the band if the chip-interval is 0.24 ⁇ s.
  • the vector combining can be performed by summing the squared modulus of the output of the filter banks.
  • the mth entry would take the form
  • the present invention is not intended to be limited to a specific method of performing the non-coherent vector combining.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGURE 4 illustrates how such sliding correlator and non-coherent combining functions can be implemented.
  • the first peak in the above-described vector which is preferably higher than a predefined threshold value, indicates the arrival time of the direct-path signal from the
  • an estimate of the TOA value for this direct-path signal can be refined by using a known signal processing technique. For example, the location of this peak value can be determined by using one of a number of known interpolation/smoothing techniques.
  • the above-described non-coherent combining function can be performed during a relatively long time duration without experiencing any detrimental effects on the communication system involved.
  • the primary limitation on this function is the time stability of the MS 120. However, since the MS is accurately synchronized to the serving BS (e.g., 100), the MS's time stability does not pose a significant problem.
  • the network can order the MS 120 to increase its transmit power.
  • the MS is quite close to the serving BS (i.e., a "near-far" hearing problem).
  • the MS can cause increased interference primarily in the serving cell.
  • this increased interference potentially can be alleviated by a known interference cancellation technique.
  • FIGURE 5 is a diagram that illustrates an exemplary bank of sliding correlators
  • a baseband signal, x(t) enters the sliding correlators (1-M).
  • Each block "D" denotes a chip delay.
  • the correlation of the code with that in the baseband signal is performed by a multiplier 302,. M and a register 306 ! _ M .
  • the register output is added (304,. ⁇ for feedback to the output of the multiplier 302 ⁇ . and coupled to the register input.
  • every N chips the register 306 j . M is reset.
  • the current value of the correlated signal, y(t) in the respective register is sampled and passed through a switch 307 X . M .
  • the position of the switch is determined by the state of the current symbols in the correlated signal. In other words, if the current symbols in the correlated signal are known, then the switch is positioned to coherently combine the symbols (with a register 314 M and associated conjugate signal multiplier and adder as shown). Otherwise, if the symbols in the correlated signal are unknown, the signal is non-coherently combined (e.g., as described above with respect to FIGURE 4). As such, the switch 307 M couples the signal with the unknown symbols to a norm function (e.g., filter) 308 j . M , and the resulting signal is then added 310 j . M to a register 312 ⁇ . As shown, there are M of these correlators, and M coherent and non-coherent combiners. The output values, z(l)-z(M), from these correlators constitute the correlation function from which the TOA value of the received signal can be determined.
  • a norm function e.g., filter
  • FIGURE 5 the basic difference from the embodiment shown in FIGURE 4 is that in FIGURE 5 the signals are coherently combined when the received data is known, and non-coherently combined when the received data is unknown.
  • FIGURE 5 when the received symbols are known, the correlations are multiplied with the complex conjugate of the corresponding symbols and combined coherently.
  • the combined vectors corresponding to the vectors (1) and (2) above will take the respective forms

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système permettant de déterminer la position de stations mobiles (120) dans un système cellulaire AMCR, chaque symbole (S1) à transmettre à une station mobile (120) étant d'abord étalé par un code court, et le signal résultant étant ensuite étalé par un code long. Le code d'étalement (C1) est divisé en sections de N puces. En conséquence, même si les symboles transmis sont inconnus, les sections de N puces du signal résultant sont connues (au moins dans une différence de phase inconnue). La station mobile transmet, ensuite, le signal résultant étalé. Au niveau de la base de réception, le signal étalé reçu est corrélé (et désétalé) avec les codes connus, et les données originales sont reconstruites. La synchronisation du signal reçu peut ainsi être déterminée avec une précision correspondant au moins à l'intervalle de temps de la différence de phase inconnue.
PCT/SE1999/000577 1998-04-08 1999-04-06 Procede et systeme permettant de determiner la position d'un terminal mobile dans un systeme de communications mobile a acces multiple par code de repartition (amcr) WO1999052235A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU42977/99A AU751799B2 (en) 1998-04-08 1999-04-06 Method and system for determining the position of a mobile terminal in a CDMA mobile communications system
CA002327647A CA2327647A1 (fr) 1998-04-08 1999-04-06 Procede et systeme permettant de determiner la position d'un terminal mobile dans un systeme de communications mobile a acces multiple par code de repartition (amcr)
KR1020007011186A KR20010042540A (ko) 1998-04-08 1999-04-06 씨디엠에이 이동통신시스템에서 이동단말기의 위치를결정하는 방법과 시스템
EP99934401A EP1068674A2 (fr) 1998-04-08 1999-04-06 Procede et systeme permettant de determiner la position d'un terminal mobile dans un systeme de communications mobile a acces multiple par code de repartition (amcr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8111798P 1998-04-08 1998-04-08
US60/081,117 1998-04-08
US28023399A 1999-03-29 1999-03-29
US09/280,233 1999-03-29

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WO1999052235A2 true WO1999052235A2 (fr) 1999-10-14
WO1999052235A3 WO1999052235A3 (fr) 1999-11-18

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EP (1) EP1068674A2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20010042540A (fr)
CN (1) CN1303542A (fr)
AU (1) AU751799B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2327647A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999052235A2 (fr)

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KR100529266B1 (ko) * 2000-02-22 2005-11-17 가부시키가이샤 히타치세이사쿠쇼 무선 위치 추정 핸드셋 장치

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JP3972755B2 (ja) * 2002-07-11 2007-09-05 株式会社日立製作所 位置測定方法、およびそれに用いる端末装置およびサーバー
JP4938778B2 (ja) * 2005-08-11 2012-05-23 テレフオンアクチーボラゲット エル エム エリクソン（パブル） 移動電気通信ネットワークにおける方法および配置構成
IT1404537B1 (it) * 2011-02-25 2013-11-22 Sisvel Technology Srl Metodo per stimare la distanza di un ricevitore da un trasmettitore radio, relativi metodi per calcolare la posizione di un terminale mobile, terminale mobile e dispositivo.

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CA2327647A1 (fr) 1999-10-14
WO1999052235A3 (fr) 1999-11-18
CN1303542A (zh) 2001-07-11
AU751799B2 (en) 2002-08-29
EP1068674A2 (fr) 2001-01-17
AU4297799A (en) 1999-10-25
KR20010042540A (ko) 2001-05-25

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