WO1999044784A1 - Controle de cordons de soudure - Google Patents

Controle de cordons de soudure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999044784A1
WO1999044784A1 PCT/CH1999/000089 CH9900089W WO9944784A1 WO 1999044784 A1 WO1999044784 A1 WO 1999044784A1 CH 9900089 W CH9900089 W CH 9900089W WO 9944784 A1 WO9944784 A1 WO 9944784A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weld seam
welding
weld
height
sheet metal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1999/000089
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Wildmann
Original Assignee
Elpatronic Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elpatronic Ag filed Critical Elpatronic Ag
Priority to BR9908490-2A priority Critical patent/BR9908490A/pt
Priority to AU25087/99A priority patent/AU2508799A/en
Priority to CA002322531A priority patent/CA2322531A1/fr
Priority to EP99904675A priority patent/EP1060051A1/fr
Priority to JP2000534370A priority patent/JP2002505199A/ja
Priority to KR1020007009535A priority patent/KR20010041402A/ko
Publication of WO1999044784A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999044784A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/035—Aligning the laser beam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for testing the weld seam of a weld connection made in the butt joint by deep welding with a laser beam.
  • tailored blanks Usage-tailored and welded sheet metal parts, so-called "tailored blanks", are being used increasingly in particular in the automotive industry. On the one hand, savings in raw material can be achieved and process planning and execution can be simplified.
  • Such "tailored blanks” are made by laser welding in the butt joint. The edges of two complementarily cut sheet metal parts are butted against each other, fixed with a clamping device and passed through a welding station equipped with a laser. In particular, high-power lasers are used for this, with which deep welding can be carried out.
  • welding plane which is spanned by the weld seam and the laser beam.
  • the stability and thus the quality of the weld seam of the depth welding process depends on numerous parameters, for example the welding speed, the properties of the laser and the properties of the workpieces, especially the edge surface and the edge course.
  • the gas dynamic conditions ie the type of supply of the process gas, the extraction of the welding smoke and the ventilation of the laser beam tube are of considerable importance. All of these parameters are in a complex and unstable equilibrium during the welding process.
  • a disturbance in the equilibrium position due to accidental changes in the influencing variables can lead to a brief interruption of the deep welding and irregular ejection of the melt from the welding bath.
  • the locally missing metal is replenished by the liquid welding bath.
  • drop-like material deposits can extend over the entire width of the weld seam in a length of 0.5 mm to 5 mm and have a height of approximately 1 mm. Since this ejected and deposited material no longer flows back into the welding capillary, a crater, a furrow or a gap forms in the weld seam before such a drop-like deposit.
  • Such welding errors occur regularly when welding with high-power lasers and are generally not tolerated according to the specifications for the weld seam quality of welded connections with laser beam as defined in ISO 13919-1.
  • the method disclosed in this document is based on the detection of the weld seam profile by means of an optical system. Evaluation devices can then assess whether the weld seam profile of the welded connection of sheet metal parts meets the quality requirements or not. With this method, welding profile measurements are carried out approximately every 15 mm.
  • a method and a device are to be created with which welding defects, in particular craters, furrows, gaps and / or material accumulations along the weld seam can be detected in a simple manner and thus the fulfillment of the specifications mentioned in ISO 13919-1 can be checked.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with a method for welding seam testing in accordance with claim 1 and with a device with the features of claim 5.
  • means are provided for detecting the welding errors mentioned in a butt joint by means of deep welding with a laser beam of sheet metal parts by means of which the weld seam height is continuously scanned along the weld seam. This means that craters, furrows and crevices as well as the material accumulations described above on the weld seam can be recorded.
  • sampled height values are transmitted to a display and / or evaluation device.
  • the evaluation device can compare the sampled values with the various quality levels of ISO 13919-1, display the exact positions of the welding defects and / or save the measured data.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore characterized by an extremely simple measuring principle, which allows a simple device structure and is a reliable, uncomplicated and inexpensive method for welding seam inspection and detection of welding defects.
  • a mechanically deflectable needle is provided, the deflection of which can be converted, for example, with the aid of piezo crystals into electrical signals.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a flawless weld.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a weld seam with crater formation
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a weld seam 11 of a weld connection of two sheet metal parts 12 and 13 of different thickness which was made in the butt joint by deep welding with a laser beam.
  • the weld seam width 14, the height Profile 15 perpendicular to the weld seam and the surface structure 16 along the weld seam depend on the welding parameters, such as the properties of the laser, the properties of the workpieces, in particular the edge surface, the edge course and edge preparation, as well as the thickness of the sheet edges and the welding speed - speed.
  • the width of the weld seam 14 can vary from 0.3 to 1.3 mm.
  • the weld seam 11 In the case of a welded connection of sheet metal parts that conforms to the standard, the weld seam 11 generally has a scale-like surface structure 16 whose variations in the weld seam height along the weld seam are in the range of a few hundredths of a millimeter, for example 0.02 mm.
  • sheet metal part refers to metallic, preferably made of steel flatware, such as e.g. Metal strips, metal sheets or metal plates of any size, thickness and surface.
  • the welded connection of sheet metal parts described here relates to a connection made by welding between two sheet metal edges, wherein the sheet metal edges can have different thicknesses and do not necessarily have to originate from two separate sheets, but can also belong to a previously rounded one-piece sheet metal, for example.
  • butt joint is used here to denote the position of sheet metal parts whose sheet metal edges are butted and fixed against one another.
  • welding seam height includes depressions as well as elevations of the weld seam.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the situation at the location of the welding process.
  • a high-power laser beam 21 strikes the sheet metal parts 22 and 23 to be welded (the latter not shown).
  • the incident energy of the laser beam 21 leads to the melting of the sheet metal parts 22, 23 and forms a welding bath 27.
  • the heat caused by the laser beam 21 generates a plasma 24 which forms a deep and narrow capillary 25 in the welding bath 27.
  • the relative movement R of the laser beam 21 and sheet metal parts 22, 23 creates a zone 26 behind the weld pool 27 with solidified weld metal, which forms the weld seam. It can be seen from FIG.
  • the liquefied metal 28 lying in front of the laser beam 21 switches to the rear side 29 of the laser beam 21 due to the relative movement R during the welding process and is preferably deposited on the top of the zone 26.
  • the capillary 25 fills with liquid weld metal when the balance of the plasma 24 is disturbed, and therefore no or only a partial weld connection is established. If the laser beam 21 strikes an already existing welding bath 27, larger quantities of the liquid weld metal can be ejected explosively. These ejections are usually deposited behind the welding beam on the welding seam and can be clearly recognized as teardrop-shaped deformations.
  • the weld seam 31 shown in FIG. 3 of a welded connection between two sheet metal parts 32 and 33 of the same thickness has a welding defect in the form of a crater 34, a drop-shaped material deposit 35 being located directly behind.
  • craters also known as pinholes with a diameter of approx. 0.1 mm and more, can have different depths, typically do not extend over the entire width of the weld seam and are preferably located in the middle of the weld seam.
  • the teardrop-shaped "material deposits 35" lead to weld seam elevations which can extend over the entire width of the weld seam and have a length of approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 5 mm and a height of several tenths of a millimeter. 8th
  • the schematic view of a weld seam 41 shown in FIG. 4 between two sheet metal parts 42, 43 of the same thickness has a welding defect in the form of a weld seam gap 44, a drop-shaped material deposit 45 being located directly behind this column 44.
  • Such weld seam gaps generally have a length of 0.05 to 0.2 mm and typically do not extend over the entire weld seam, but have a width of approximately 0.2 mm.
  • the weld seam gaps 44 are often in the form of holes with a diameter of approximately 0.2 mm.
  • the drop-shaped material deposits 45 lead to weld seam elevations which have a height of several tenths of a millimeter.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Optical means 54 are preferably used to scan the height of the weld seam along the weld seam 51 of a weld connection of two sheet metal parts 52, 53 with different thicknesses.
  • these optical means 54 comprise three optical distance meters equipped with semiconductor lasers, which are preferably arranged at an inclination angle of 30 ° from the surface normal.
  • a detector needle is used instead of the optical detectors, which is guided along the weld seam 51.
  • the deflections of this detector needle can be converted into electrical signals with the aid of piezo crystals, which in turn are processed with corresponding threshold value circuits.
  • the structure of these detectors is not part of the present invention and is not explained in detail here. What is essential for the selection of suitable detectors is their ability to detect height differences of the order of several tenths of a millimeter. tern safe and easy to determine. In particular, it should be possible to detect weld seam elevations of this magnitude.
  • the advantages of the method according to the invention can be seen in the simplicity of the detection of welding defects - in particular by the sole detection of weld seam elevations - during deep welding with high-power lasers. In addition, the continuous scanning of the weld seam leads to a reliable detection of these welding errors.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

Le contrôle de cordons de soudures obtenus par soudage au laser de pièces assemblées bout à bout présente de grandes difficultés. Pour remédier à ce problème, l'invention est caractérisée en ce que, pour la détection des défauts de soudage, la hauteur du cordon de soudure est balayée en continu le long du cordon de soudure et les défauts de soudage sont détectés en fonction des zones surélevées que présente ledit cordon.
PCT/CH1999/000089 1998-03-02 1999-02-26 Controle de cordons de soudure WO1999044784A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR9908490-2A BR9908490A (pt) 1998-03-02 1999-02-26 Inspeção de cordão de solda
AU25087/99A AU2508799A (en) 1998-03-02 1999-02-26 Testing a weld seam
CA002322531A CA2322531A1 (fr) 1998-03-02 1999-02-26 Controle de cordons de soudure
EP99904675A EP1060051A1 (fr) 1998-03-02 1999-02-26 Controle de cordons de soudure
JP2000534370A JP2002505199A (ja) 1998-03-02 1999-02-26 溶接シームを検査するための方法および装置
KR1020007009535A KR20010041402A (ko) 1998-03-02 1999-02-26 용접 심을 검사하는 방법 및 장치

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH488/98 1998-03-02
CH48898 1998-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999044784A1 true WO1999044784A1 (fr) 1999-09-10

Family

ID=4188162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CH1999/000089 WO1999044784A1 (fr) 1998-03-02 1999-02-26 Controle de cordons de soudure

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1060051A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002505199A (fr)
KR (1) KR20010041402A (fr)
CN (1) CN1291928A (fr)
AU (1) AU2508799A (fr)
BR (1) BR9908490A (fr)
CA (1) CA2322531A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2194601C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999044784A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7577285B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2009-08-18 Precitec Vision Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device for evaluation of jointing regions on workpieces

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4967931B2 (ja) * 2007-08-31 2012-07-04 パナソニック株式会社 キャパシタの検査方法およびその検査方法を用いた製造方法
JP4911232B2 (ja) * 2010-02-25 2012-04-04 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ビード検査方法及びビード検査装置
RU2550673C2 (ru) * 2013-03-25 2015-05-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТЕХМАШСЕРВИС" Устройство для оценки качества сварного шва
JP6003934B2 (ja) * 2014-03-20 2016-10-05 トヨタ自動車株式会社 レーザー溶接検査装置及びレーザー溶接検査方法
KR20210129749A (ko) * 2016-09-23 2021-10-28 아이피지 포토닉스 코포레이션 금속/합금 증기의 전자 전이의 스펙트럼을 회피하는 사전-선택된 스펙트럼 대역폭을 이용하는 용접전 분석 및 관련 레이저 용접 방법과 파이버 레이저
KR102328306B1 (ko) 2017-12-27 2021-11-17 대우조선해양 주식회사 시임 용접부 용입깊이 추정방법
RU2767852C1 (ru) * 2021-10-28 2022-03-22 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТМС Групп" Способ контроля качества сварки труб

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0145891A1 (fr) * 1983-11-30 1985-06-26 ARMCO S.p.A. Machine automatique de soudage électrique
WO1992014578A1 (fr) * 1991-02-26 1992-09-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procede et dispositif pour l'usinage de pieces au moyen d'un rayonnement laser
GB2259269A (en) * 1991-08-24 1993-03-10 Univ Liverpool Apparatus and method for monitoring laser material processing

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0145891A1 (fr) * 1983-11-30 1985-06-26 ARMCO S.p.A. Machine automatique de soudage électrique
WO1992014578A1 (fr) * 1991-02-26 1992-09-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procede et dispositif pour l'usinage de pieces au moyen d'un rayonnement laser
GB2259269A (en) * 1991-08-24 1993-03-10 Univ Liverpool Apparatus and method for monitoring laser material processing

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7577285B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2009-08-18 Precitec Vision Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device for evaluation of jointing regions on workpieces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1291928A (zh) 2001-04-18
BR9908490A (pt) 2000-12-05
JP2002505199A (ja) 2002-02-19
AU2508799A (en) 1999-09-20
KR20010041402A (ko) 2001-05-15
EP1060051A1 (fr) 2000-12-20
RU2194601C2 (ru) 2002-12-20
CA2322531A1 (fr) 1999-09-10

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