WO1999044383A1

WO1999044383A1 - Telecommunications system with wireless code and time-division multiplex based telecommuncation between mobile and/or stationary transmitting/receiving devices

Info

Publication number: WO1999044383A1
Application number: PCT/EP1999/001316
Authority: WO
Inventors: Erich Kamperschroer; Uwe Schwark
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 1998-02-27
Filing date: 1999-03-01
Publication date: 1999-09-02
Also published as: KR20010041393A; CN1298616A; AU3142599A; JP2002505563A; KR100377661B1; RU2214070C2; EP1059012A1

Abstract

The invention provides a reliable 'Handover' procedure in both the TDD-mode and also in the FDD-mode for telecommunications systems with wireless code and time division multiplex based telecommuncation between mobile and/or stationary transmitting/receiving devices after the indication of a 'Handover'. To this end, 1) a 'Handover' time-slot pair is established by a stationary transmitting/receiving device (BS) during a first phase of a 'Handover' procedure in which a 'Handover' is indicated; 2) During a second phase of the 'Handover' procedure in which a 'Handover' is initiated, the stationary transmitting/receiving device (BS) transmits a first message 'Handover Request' to the mobile transmitting/receiving device (MT1...MTn) assigned to the stationary transmitting/receiving device with which the stationary transmitting/receiving device communicates the 'Handover' time-slot pair to the mobile transmitting/receiving devices, and the stationary transmitting/receiving device continues to transmit the first message 'Handover Request' to the mobile transmitting/receiving devices until all mobile transmitting/receiving devices assigned to the stationary transmitting/receiving device have acknowledged the initiation of the 'Handover' via the first message; 3) The 'Handover' procedure is completed during a third phase of the 'Handover' procedure in which the 'Handover' is executed.

Description

description

Telecommunication systems with wireless, based on code and time division multiplex telecommunication between mobile and / or stationary transceivers

Telecommunication systems with wireless telecommunication between mobile and / or stationary transceivers are special message systems with a message transmission link between a message source and a message sink, in which for example base stations and mobile parts for message processing and transmission are used as transceivers and in which 1) the message processing and message transmission can take place in a preferred transmission direction (simplex mode) or in both transmission directions (duplex mode), 2) the message processing is preferably digital, 3) the message transmission over the long-distance transmission path is wireless based on various Message transmission method for multiple use of the FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and / or CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) - e.g. according to radio standards such as

DECT [Digital Enhanced (formerly: European) Cordless Telecommunications and; see. Telecommunications Electronics 42 (1992) Jan. / Feb. No. 1, Berlin, DE; U. Pilger "Structure of the DECT standard", pages 23 to 29 in connection with the ETSI publication ETS 3001 75-1. . . October 9, 1992 and the DECT

Publication of the DECT Forum, February 1997, pages 1 to 1 6], GSM [Groupe Speciale Mobile or Global System for Mobile Communication; see. Informatik Spektrum 14 (1991) June, No. 3, Berlin, DE; A.Mann: "The GSM standard - the basis for digital European mobile radio networks", pages 137 to 152 in connection with the publication telekom praxis 4/1993, P. Smolka ⁿ GSM radio interface - elements and functions ", 2 pages 17 to 24],

UMTS [Universal Mobile Telecommunication System; see. (1): Kommunikationstechnik Electronics, Berlin 45, 1995, Issue 1, Pages 10 to 14 and Issue 2, Pages 24 to 27; P.Jung, B.Steiner: "Concept of a CDMA mobile radio system with joint detection for the third generation of mobile radio"; (2): Kommunikationstechnik Electronics, Berlin 41, 1991, Issue 6, pages 223 to 227 and page 234; PW Baier, P.Jung, A. Klein: "CDMA - an inexpensive multiple access method for frequency-selective and time-variant mobile radio channels"; (3): IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, Vol. E79-A, No. 12, December 1996, pages 1930 to 1937; PN Baier, P. Jung: "CDMA Myths and Realities Revised"; (4): IEEE Personal Communications, February 1995, pages 38 to 41; A.ürie, M. Streeton, C.Mourot: "An Advanced TDMA Mobile Access System for UMTS"; (5): telekom praxis, 5/1995, pages 9 to 14; P. VI. Baier: "Sp ad-spectrum technology and CDMA - an originally military technology conquered the civilian sector"; (6): IEEE Personal Communications, February 1995, pages 48 to 53; PGAndermo, LM Ewerbring: "An CDMA-Based Radio Access Design for UMTS"; (7): ITG Fachberichte 124 (1993), Berlin, Offenbach: VDE Verlag ISBN 3-8007-1965-7, pages 61 to 15; Dr. T.Zimmermann, Siemens AG: "Application of CDMA in mobile communication"; (8): telcom report 16, (1993), volume 1, pages 38 to 41; Dr. T. Ketseoglou, Siemens AG and Dr. ■ T.Zimmermann, Siemens AG: "Efficient subscriber access for the 3rd generation of mobile communication - multiple access procedures CDMA makes air interfaces more flexible"; (9): Funkschau 6/98: R.Siet ann "Wrestling for the UMTS interface", pages 16 to 81] ACS or PACS, IS-54, IS-95, PHS, PDC etc. [cf. IEEE Communications Magazine, January 1995, pages 50 to 57; DD Falconer et al: "Time Division Multiple Access Methods for ireless Personal Communications"]. 3 "Message" is a superordinate term that stands both for the meaning (information) and for the physical representation (signal). Despite the same sense held ^¬ tes a message - say the same information - you may experience different signal forms. For example, a message related to an item

(1) in the form of an image,

(2) as a spoken word,

(3) as a written word, (4) as an encrypted word or image.

The transmission according to (1) ... (3) is normally characterized by continuous (analog) signals, currency ^¬ rend in the transmission according to (4) is usually discontinuous signals (eg, pulses, digital signals) occur.

The following FIGURES 1 to 7 show:

FIGURE 1 "three-level structure" of a WCDMA / FDD air interface in the "downlink",

FIGURE 2 "three-level structure" of a WCDMA / FDD air interface in the "uplink",

FIGURE 3 "three-layer structure" steep a TDCDMA / TDD air interface ^¬,

FIGURE 4 radio scenario with multiple channel utilization after frequency, / time, / code multiplex,

5 shows the basic structure of a base station designed as a transceiver,

6 shows the basic structure of a mobile station which is also designed as a transceiver,

FIGURE 7 shows a DECT transmission time frame. In the UMTS scenario (3rd generation of mobile telephony or IMT-2000) there are, for example according to the publication Funkschau 6/98: R. Sietmann "Wrestling for the UMTS interface", pages 16 to 81, two partial scenarios. In a first sub-scenario, the licensed coordinated mobile radio is based on WCDMA technology (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and, as with GSM, is operated in FDD mode (Frequency Division Duplex), while in a second sub-scenario the unlicensed uncoded ordinated mobile radio based on TD-CDMA technology (Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access) and, as with DECT, operated in TDD mode (Frequency Division Duplex).

For the WCDMA / FDD operation of the universal mobile telecommunication system, the air interface of the telecommunication system in the up and down direction of the telecommunication according to the publication ETSI STC SMG2 UMTS-Ll, Tdoc SMG2 UMTS-Ll 1 63/98 contains: " UTRA Physical Layer Descripti on FDD Parts "Vers. 0. 3, 1998-05-29 each have several physical channels, of which a first physical channel, the so-called Dedicated Physical Control CHannel DPCCH, and a second physical channel, the so-called Dedicated Physical Data CHannel DPDCH, with respect to a "three Level structure "(three-layer structure), consisting of 720 ms long (T _MZR = 720 ms) multi-time frame * (super frame) MZR, 10 ms long (T _FZR = 10 ms) time frame (radio frame) ZR and 0.625 ms long (T _zs = 0.625 ms) time slots (timeslot) ZS, which are shown in FIGURES 1 and 2. The respective multi-time frame MZR contains, for example, 72 time frames ZR, while each time frame ZR, for example, again has 16 time slots ZS1 ... ZS16. With respect to the first physical channel DPCCH, the individual time slot ZS, ZS1 ... ZS16 (burst) has a pilot sequence PS with Npnot bits for channel estimation, a TPC sequence TPCS with N _TPC bits for traffic control (Traffic Power Control). and a TFCI sequence TFCIS with N _TFC τ bits for the transport format information (Traffic Format Channel Indication) and with regard to the 5 second physical channel DPDCH a user _data sequence NDS with N _data bits.

In the "Downlink" (downward direction of telecommunications; radio connection from the base station to the mobile station) of the

WCDMA / FDD Systems from ETSI or ARIB - FIGURE 1 - the first physical channel ["Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)] and the second physical channel [" Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)] are time-multiplexed, while in the "uplink "(Upward direction of telecommunications; radio connection from the mobile station to the base station) - FIGURE 2 - an I / Q multiplex takes place, in which the second physical channel DPDCH is transmitted in the I channel and the first physical channel DPCCH in the Q channel.

For the TDCDMA / TDD operation of the universal mobile telecommunications system, the air interface of the telecommunications system, the document TSG RAN WG1 based in up and down direction of telecommunications according to (S1. 21): "3 ^rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) "Vers. 0. 0. 1, 1999-01 again on the "three-level structure", consisting of the multi-time frame MZR, the time frame ZR and the time slots ZS, for all physical channels, which is shown in FIG. 3. The respective multi-time frame MZR again contains, for example, 72 time frames ZR, while each time frame ZR, for example, again has the 16 time slots ZS1 ... ZS16. The individual time slot ZS, ZS1 ... ZS16 (burst) has either according impact ARIB forward a first time slot structure (burst structure) ZSS1 consisting frequency in the order of a first Nutzdatense- NDS1 with N _Da tai bits, the pilot -Sequence PS with N _P ii _ot bits for channel estimation, the TPC sequence TPCS with N _TPC bits for power control, the TFCI sequence TFCIS with N _TFC τ bits for specifying the transport format, a second user data sequence NDS2 and a guard time zone SZZ (guard period ) with N _Gua rd bits, or according to the ETSI proposal, a second time slot structure (burst structure) ZSS2, in the order consisting of the first user data sequence NDS1, a first TFCI sequence 6 TFCIS1, a midamble sequence MIS for channel estimation, a second TFCI sequence TFCIS2, the second user data sequence NDS2 and the protection time zone SZZ.

FIGURE 4 shows e.g. based on a GSM radio scenario with e.g. two radio cells and base stations arranged therein (base transceiver station), a first base station BTS1 (transceiver) a first radio cell FZ1 and a second base station BTS2 (transceiver) omnidirectionally "illuminating" a second radio cell FZ2, and starting from the FIGURES 1 and 2 show a radio scenario with multiple use of channels according to frequency / time / code multiplex, in which the base stations BTS1, BTS2 have an air interface designed for the radio scenario with a plurality of mobile stations MSI ... located in the radio cells FZ1, FZ2. MS5 (transmitting / receiving device) by wireless unidirectional or bidirectional - upward direction UL (up link) and / or downward direction DL (down link) - telecommunication are connected or connectable to corresponding transmission channels TRC (transmission channel). The base stations BTS1, BTS2 are connected in a known manner (cf. GSM telecommunications system) to a base station controller BSC (BaseStation Controller) which takes over the frequency management and switching functions as part of the control of the base stations. The base station controller BSC in turn is via a mobile switching center MSC

(Mobile Switching Center) with the higher-level telecommunications network, e.g. the PSTN (Public Switched Telecommunication Network). The mobile switching center MSC is the administrative center for the telecommunications system shown. It takes over the complete call management and, with associated registers (not shown), the authentication of the telecommunications subscribers and the location monitoring in the network.

FIG. 5 shows the basic structure of the base station BTS1, BTS2 designed as a transceiver, while FIG. 6 shows the basic structure of the base station, also as a 7 / Receiving device trained mobile station MS1 ... MS5 shows. The base station BTS1, BTS2 takes over the sending and receiving of radio messages from and to the mobile station MS1..MS5, while the mobile station MS1 ... MS5 takes over the sending and receiving of radio messages from and to the base station BTS1, BTS2. For this purpose, the base station has a transmitting antenna SAN and a receiving antenna EAN, while the mobile station MS1 ... MS5 has an antenna ANT that can be controlled by an antenna switchover AU and is common for transmitting and receiving. In the upward direction (receive path), the base station BTS1, BTS2 receives, for example, at least one radio message FN with a frequency / time / code component from at least one of the mobile stations MS1 ... MS5 via the receive antenna EAN, while the mobile station MS1 ... MS5 in the downward direction (reception path) receives, for example, at least one radio message FN with a frequency / time / code component from at least one base station BTS1, BTS2 via the common antenna ANT. The radio message FN consists of a broadband spread carrier signal with information modulated onto data symbols.

The received carrier signal is filtered in a radio receiving device FEE (receiver) and mixed down to an intermediate frequency, which in turn is subsequently sampled and quantized. After an analog / digital conversion, the signal, which has been distorted on the radio path by multipath propagation, is fed to an equalizer EQL, which largely compensates for the distortions (Stw.: Synchronization).

An attempt is then made in a channel estimator KS to estimate the transmission properties of the transmission channel TRC on which the radio message FN has been transmitted. The transmission properties of the channel are specified in the time domain by the channel impulse response. So that the channel impulse response can be estimated, the radio FN sends or assigns special information in the form of a so-called midambel on the transmission side (in the present case from the mobile station MS1 ... MS5 or the base station BTS1, BTS2), which is designed as a training information sequence.

In a subsequent data detector DD common to all received signals, the individual mobile station-specific signal components contained in the common signal are equalized and separated in a known manner. After equalization and separation, the previously existing data symbols are converted into binary data in a symbol-to-data converter SDW. The original bit stream is then obtained from the intermediate frequency in a demodulator DMOD before the individual time slots are assigned to the correct logical channels and thus also to the different mobile stations in a demultiplexer DMUX.

The bit sequence obtained is decoded channel by channel in a channel codec KC. Depending on the channel, the bit information is assigned to the control and signaling time slot or a voice time slot and - in the case of the base station (FIGURE 5) - the control and signaling data and the voice data for transmission to the base station controller BSC together for signaling and voice coding / decoding (Voice codec) handover the responsible interface SS, while - in the case of the mobile station (FIGURE 6) - the control and signaling data of a control and signaling unit STSE responsible for complete signaling and control of the mobile station and the voice data one for voice input and - output speech codec SPC are passed.

In the speech codec of the interface SS in the base station BTS1, BTS2, the speech data are stored in a predetermined data stream (for example 64 kbit / s stream in the network direction or 13 kbit / s stream from the network direction). The complete control of the base station BTS1, BTS2 is carried out in a control unit STE.

In the downward direction (transmission path), the base station BTS1, BTS2 sends, for example, at least one radio message FN with a frequency / time / code component to at least one of the mobile stations MS1 ... MS5 via the transmitting antenna SAN, while the mobile station MS1 ... MS5 in the upward direction (transmission path) via the common antenna ANT, for example, sends at least one radio message FN with a frequency / time / code component to at least one base station BTS1, BTS2.

The transmission path begins at the base station BTS1, BTS2 in

FIGURE 5 with the fact that in the channel codec KC control and signaling data as well as voice data received from the base station controller BSC via the interface SS are assigned to a control and signaling time slot or a voice time slot and these are coded channel by channel into a bit sequence.

The transmission path begins at the mobile station MS1 ... MS5 in FIGURE 6 with the fact that in the channel codec KC speech data received from the speech codec SPC and control and signaling data received from the control and signaling unit STSE a control and signaling time slot or are assigned to a speech time slot and these are coded channel-wise into a bit sequence.

The bit sequence obtained in the base station BTS1, BTS2 and in the mobile station MS1 ... MS5 is in each case converted into data symbols in a data-to-symbol converter DSW. Subsequently, the data symbols are each in a spreading device SPE with a subscriber-specific one

Spread code. In the burst generator BG, consisting of a burst composer BZS and a multiplexer MUX, 10, after each of the spread data symbols in the burst composer BZS is added a training information sequence in the form of a supplement to the channel estimation and the burst information obtained in this way is set to the correct time slot in the multiplexer MUX. Finally, the burst obtained is each modulated at high frequency in a modulator MOD and converted to digital / analog before the signal obtained in this way is emitted as a radio message FN via a radio transmission device FSE (transmitter) on the transmission antenna SAN or the common antenna ANT.

TDD (Time Division Duplex) telecommunication systems are telecommunication systems in which the transmission time frame, consisting of several time slots, is divided for the downward transmission direction (downlink) and the upward transmission direction (uplink) - preferably in the middle.

A TDD telecommunication system which has such a transmission time frame is e.g. the well-known DECT system [Digital Enhanced (formerly: European) Cordless Telecommunication; see. Telecommunications Electronics 42 (1992) Jan. / Feb. No. 1, Berlin, DE; U. Pilger "Structure of the DECT standard", pages 23 to 29 in connection with the ETSI publication ETS 3001 15-1... 9, October 1992 and the DECT publication of the DECT Forum, February 1991, pages 1 to 16].

FIGURE 7 shows a DECT transmission time frame with a duration of 10 ms, consisting of 12 "downlink ^{, N time} slots and 12" uplink ^{w time} slots. For any bidirectional telecommunication connection on a predetermined frequency in the downlink direction DL (down link) and uplink direction UL (up link), a free time slot pair with a "downlink" time slot ZS _DO W _N and a " Uplink "time slot ZSUP selected, in which the distance between the" downlink "

Time slot ZS _D0WN and the "uplink" time slot ZS _UP also 11 according to the DECT standard is half the length (5 ms) of the DECT transmission time frame.

FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) telecommunication systems are telecommunication systems in which the time frame, consisting of several time slots, is transmitted in a first frequency band for the downlink direction and in a second frequency band for the uplink direction.

An FDD telecommunications system that transmits the time frame in this way is, for example, the well-known GSM system [Groupe Speciale Mobile or Global System for Mobile Communication; see. Informatik Spektrum 14 (1991) June, No. 3, Berlin, DE; A.Mann: "The GSM standard - the basis for digital European of specific mobile unknetze f" th Be 131-152 in connection with the publication telecom practice 4/1993, P. Smolka "GSM radio interface ^'- elements and Functions", Pages 11 to 24].

The air interface for the GSM system knows a variety of logical channels called bearer services, e.g. an AGCH channel (Access Grant CHannel), a BCCH channel (BroadCast CHannel), a FACCH channel (Fast Associated Control CHannel), a PCH channel (Paging CHhannel), an RACH channel (Random Access CHannel) and a TCH channel (Traffic CHannel), whose respective function in the air interface, for example in the publication Informatik Spektrum 14 (1991) June, No. 3, Berlin, DE; A.Mann: "The GSM standard - the basis for digital European mobile radio networks - ze ", pages 131 to 152 in connection with the publication telekom praxis 4/1993, P. Smolka" GSM radio interface - elements and functions ", pages 11 to 24.

The biggest difference between the GSM system, which has a frequency and time level and is operated in a coordinated, licensed mode, and the DECT system, which also has a frequency and time level, which operates in a 12 nem uncoordinated, unlicensed mode is the way in which the physical resource "channel" is assigned to the respective system subscriber or telecommunications subscriber.

In the coordinated, licensed telecommunications system, the channel allocation is controlled by a central entity, the network operator. This is possible because all the mobile stations within a radio area of a base station use the same time base, that is, they are operated synchronously. The synchronous operation allows a clear definition of time slot boundaries and thus a clear separation from different telecommunication participants. Adjacent base stations do not need to be operated synchronously, since the channels which are used in adjacent radio cells are generally separated by frequency planning in the frequency level. This type of channel allocation is referred to as "Fixed Channel Allocation (FCA)".

In the uncoordinated, unlicensed telecommunications system, where such a central instance for channel allocation is not available, the channels are first selected dynamically - "Dynamic Channel Selection (DCS)" - and then allocated. The frequency / time level serves both for "Dynamic Channel Selection (DCS)" and for channel allocation as a platform or "pool". In such a system, the handset regularly monitors the frequency / time level and finally selects the frequency / time slot combination in which the transmission channel is least disturbed by interference. Because neighboring, uncoordinated operating base stations and mobile parts are always asynchronous and therefore the time bases run into one another or drift into one another, a situation often arises where the degree of interference reaches an unacceptable value. In this case, a forwarding of the telecommunications connection - a handover - to another channel, ie a different frequency / time slot combination, 13 leads or is initiated. In such a case one speaks of an "intra cell handover".

Since the WCDMA / FDD operation and the TDCDMA / TDD operation should be used together in the context of the UMTS scenario (3rd mobile radio generation or IMT-2000), in addition to efficient handling of the logical channels and the transmission path services ( bearer handling) especially for the above reasons, the implementation of a suitable "handover" procedure for telecommunication systems with wireless, based on code and time division multiplex telecommunication between mobile and / or stationary transceivers is indispensable.

The object on which the invention is based is to provide a secure "handover" procedure for telecommunication systems with wireless telecommunications based on code and time division multiplexing between mobile and / or stationary transceivers after the display of a "handover".

This object is achieved in each case by the features of patent claim 1.

The idea underlying the invention is that - according to claim 1 - for telecommunications systems with wireless, based on code and time division multiplex telecommunications between mobile and / or stationary transceivers, both in the TDD mode and in the FDD mode 1) during a first phase of a "handover" procedure, the display of a "handover", a "handover" time slot pair is determined by a stationary transceiver, 2) during a second phase of the "handover ^M -Procedure, the initiation of a "handover", the stationary transceiver sends a first message "handover request" to the stationary transceiver associated mobile transceiver, with which the stationary 14 ordinary transceivers notify the mobile transceivers of the "handover" time slot pair, and the stationary transceiver sends the first message "handover request" to the mobile transceivers until all of the stationary ones Mobile transceivers assigned to the transceiver have confirmed the initiation of the "handover" by the first message, 3) during a third phase of the "handover" procedure, the execution of a "handover", the "handover" procedure is ended becomes.

Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

An embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10. These show:

FIG. 8 shows a comparison with the time frames in FIGS. 1 to 3 and the DECT transmission time frame in FIG. 7 with regard to the number of time slots (modified) TDD time-division multiplex frames,

FIG. 9, on the basis of the time-division multiplex frame according to FIG. 8, a channel allocation table for channels with a frequency, code and time-division multiplex component,

FIGURE 10 is a message flow diagram of a "handover" procedure.

FIGURE 8 shows, starting from the time frames in FIGS. 1 to 3 and the DECT transmission time frame in FIGURE 7, a (modified) TDD time-division multiplex frame ZMR with eight time slots ZS ^λ 1 ... ZS ^Λ 8, the first four time slots ZS ^λ 1 ... ZS for the downward transmission direction DL and the second four time slots ZS 5 ... ZS ^λ 8 for the upward transmission direction UL are provided. The number of time slots is from "16" according to FIGURES 1 and 3 to "8" only for reasons of illustration for the channel allocation table. 15 le has been reduced in FIGURE 9 and has no restrictive, limiting influence on the invention. On the contrary - the number of time slots - like the other physical resources (eg code, frequency, etc.) - can be varied to a greater or lesser extent depending on the telecommunications system.

FIGURE 9 shows, based on the time-division multiplex frame according to FIGURE 8, a channel allocation table for channels with a frequency, code and time-division multiplex component. The time division multiplex component of this table comprises the time slots ZS 1 ... ZS ^Λ 8 with the TDD division according to FIG. 8. The frequency ultiplex component comprises 12 frequencies FR1 ... FR12, while the code multiplex component 8 codes (pseudo Random signals) C1 ... C8 contains.

On a first frequency FR1, transmission path services designed as “bearer services”, for example logical channels of the telecommunication system such as the control channel for signaling, the AGCH channel, the BCCH channel, the PCH channel, etc.

RACH channel, the TCH channel and / or the FACCH channel, which are required in the telecommunication system in the downward direction and / or upward direction, are bundled in a code level spanned by the codes C1 ... C8. This bundling has proven to be expedient for the above-mentioned telecommunication systems because it avoids unnecessary occupancy of time slots, that is to say the resource “time”.

FIGURE 9 shows a preferred embodiment according to which on the first frequency FR1 in the downward transmission direction in a first time slot ZS ^Λ 1 as a fixedly specified (agreed) first selection time slot and in the upward transmission direction in a fifth time slot ZS ^Λ 5 as a fixedly specified (agreed) second selection time slot, preferably all codes C1 ... C8 are used to bundle the above-mentioned transmission path services. Of course it is also possible to do less or if more co CO>>h->H> cπ o cπ o Cπ O π

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P> P- PJ rt ιv o Mi d XI P- lJ P- H d CΛ tr d Φ α HIP ⁾ tr XI Φ iJ rt Φ XI d =

XI d ι-J P- P- ddd Φ o rt σ ts. P- 50 M Φ o PJ P * P- Φ P- Φ Φ d Φ XI d (X P- O Φ cn MX) tr tr ω PJ α <J ω d lJ tα rt " _^ P- tr tr M d cn dddod M <i Φ O: d = P ¹ 1 Φ _^ cx Φ CD tr 1 P- rt Φ Φ Φ ts. rt d

XI d PJ rt Φ 3 d M tr tr H- HM d P- P- x 5 *! O φ N ddn lJ Φ Φ XI cn XI <P ¹ lJ P rt Φ Φ cn Φ tr φ dd cx d P- PJ d P- o IV P- P "σ lJ Φ CΛ Φ P- tr n cn P * lJ O P- P- XI φ P ⁾ PJ φ dd N ∑: Φ cx PJ rt P ¹ cn

P- d CSJ cn P- IV H> N Φ rt tr

•> • Φ dd CΛ 3 lJ d ⁾ d CΛ Φ d Φ

• d CΛ rt rt o \ -> ι-3 rt d P- XI ι-J Φ t cx φ cn XI CΛ • τ) P ¹ d ∑: n P ⁾ o Φ Φ tr cn Φ • cx Φ dd rt P > O d 3 N φ φ φ x Φ cπ α cn Hi P- tr d tr rt H ¹ tr P- d lJ cx. XI 50 3 d Φ lJ CΛ d ι-JM P- Φ φ d = φ d Φ Φ Cl d rt P- cn d Φ 3 X) <J d cn rt o Hi Φ cx rt CΛ d OMNP * öd dd P ⁾ P ^J IV Φ XI φ φ P- d cn d CΛ P- J rt Φ oo CΛ P- Φ o _^ tr d rt d: _^

X) d φ O CX Φ P- P- d XI cn d CΛ φ l-J Φ tr l-J Φ φ i-J cn l-J N d

Hi XI 3 ^* Φ d cn 3 d cx CΛ O P- N lJ P * d

§ 3 ι-J Φ PJ ∑: Φ PJ

P- rt rt P- φ M d? R Φ rt O rt ∑: J <<M d PJ: n d Λ ts. Φ d d Φ d a cn rt P- l-J PJ d Φ <Φ d P- φ Hi tr o P- CΛ P- o

P- JX d l-J M φ CS3 o O rt PJ d <Φ P- P- o φ M O XI α dd X). * D tr

Φ d P- P- dd Φ lJ dt φ P- lJ CΛ H CΛ rt Φ M tr o φ Φ Φ nd M ¹ d

P- Φ φ ιv Ό d P * cn rt o P- <ts: tr rt Φ rt I- * rt d cn n ⁾ XI 3 d lJ PJ Ό x cx d rt l_J. ddo Φ t ^* P- lJ cx φ Φ φ X tα cn Φ

Φ φ rt Φ P- φ Φ φ d n CΛ M - «• d 1 φ tr P- P- Hi 1 P- O cn tr

P * φ Φ n

3 N lJ (X XI o <! <Tr cx <CΛ N tr Hi P ¹ cx d * 5 ^ cn P * l- H

∑: cn O Φ P * a Φ Φ CΛ P- φ d Hl Φ ∑: Φ: rt P- l-J J P- PJ d

N Φ rt d d 3 d PJ ι-J 3 rt Φ M CSI d P- d s l-J Ml d l-J Φ d φ d cx o

∑: P- Φ CΛ rt P- φ dd Φ ^ _* tr Cπ cx d X) lJ tr Φ cx CΛ cx P ⁾ M Hi o

Φ rt tr rt Hi Ό P- P- - • d φ cn Φ P ^J <φ cx P- o Φ h- ¹ d X! N

P- Φ cn Φ PJ = N cn Ό φ P- • ^ d d 3 cn <CΛ Φ Φ d φ d o d d Φ • Φ rt d ι-J P- Φ ∑: rt Φ M ∑: l-J cx L_J. XI N Φ CΛ I M d cx cx d XI 1 tö cn OJ

Φ d 1 rt P- Φ Φ 1 Φ Φ d Φ CΛ φ φ o XI φ d d 1 P- P- P * 1 d 1 CΛ 1 1 M 3 Φ CΛ

1 1 1 1 1 1 rt 1 1 x N

d

17 time slot ZS 2 six codes - a first code Cl, a second code C2, a third code C3, a fourth code C4, a fifth code C5 and a sixth code C6 - and in the upward transmission direction in a sixth time slot ZS ^Λ 6 again the six Codes C1 ... C6, while the second group of telecommunication connections G2 on the second frequency FR2 in the downward transmission direction occupies the first code Cl in a fourth time slot ZSM and in the upward transmission direction in an eighth time slot ZS ^λ 8.

The fourth time slot ZS and the second time slot ZS ^Λ 2 are “downlink” time slots ZSDOWN, while the sixth time slot ZS ^Λ 6 and the eighth time slot ZS ^λ 8 are “uplink” time slots ZSU _P.

For each telecommunications connection in the groups G1, G2, a first distance AS1 between the "downlink" time slot ZSDOWN and the "uplink" time slot ZSU _P - according to the prior art (cf. FIG. 7) - is as long as half

Time division frame ZMR. The distance AS1 is thus a fraction of the length of the time-division multiplex frame ZMR, the fraction having the value 0.5.

In the second connection scenario VSZ2 the first one is occupied

Group of telecommunication connections Gl on a fourth frequency FR4 in the downward transmission direction in the fourth time slot ZS the six codes C1 ... C6 and in the upward transmission direction in a seventh time slot ZS ^Λ 6 again the six codes C1 ... C6, while the second group of Telecommunications connections G2 on the fourth frequency FR4 in the downward transmission direction in a second time slot ZS ^Λ 2 occupies the codes C1 ... C4 and in the upward transmission direction in the fifth time slot ZS ^λ 5 the first code C1 and the second code C2. 18 As in the first connection scenario VSZ1, the fourth time slot ZSM and the second time slot ZS ^X 2 are “downlink” time slots ZSDOWN, while the seventh time slot ZS ^λ 7 and the fifth time slot ZS 5 are “uplink” time slots ZSup.

For each telecommunication connection in the groups G1, G2, a second distance AS2 between the "downlink" time slot ZSDOWN and the "uplink" time slot ZSup is as long as a fraction (distance) of the length of the time-division multiplex frame ZMR, the fraction being dimensioned and larger or smaller than the value 0.5 such that the second distance AS2 is fixed.

In the third connection scenario VSZ3, the first group of telecommunication connections Gl occupies the four codes C1 ... C4 in the downward transmission direction on a sixth frequency FR6 in the second time slot ZS 2 and in the upward transmission direction on a fifth frequency FR5 in the eighth time slot ZS ^Λ 8 the six codes C1 ... C6 as well as a seventh code C7 and an eighth code C8, while the second group of telecommunication connections G2 in the downward transmission direction on the sixth frequency FR6 in a third time slot ZS ^λ 3 the codes C1 ... C3 and in the upward direction - Direction of transmission on the fifth frequency FR5 in the fifth time slot ZS ^Λ 5 occupies the codes C1 ... C4.

The second time slot ZS ^Λ 2 and the third time slot ZS ^Λ 3 are “downlink” time slots ZSDOWN, while the eighth time slot ZS ^Λ 8 and the fifth time slot ZS ^λ 5 are “uplink” time slots ZSup.

For each telecommunications connection in the groups G1, G2, a third distance AS3 between the "downlink" time slot ZS _D OWN and the "uplink" time slot ZSup is a fractional distance of the length of the time-division multiplex frame ZMR, the fraction in each case is dimensioned such that the third distance AS3 is variable. 19

In the fourth connection scenario VSZ4, the first group of telecommunications connections Gl occupies the first code C1 in the downward transmission direction on an eighth frequency FR8 in the fourth time slot ZSM and in the upward transmission direction on a ninth frequency FR9 in the sixth time slot ZS ^Λ 6 the seven codes C1 ... C7, while the second group of telecommunication connections G2 in the downward transmission direction on the eighth frequency FR8 in the third time slot ZS ^Λ 3 the first code Cl and in the upward transmission direction on the ninth frequency FR9 in the fifth time slot ZS ^Λ 5 the first Code C1 occupied.

The fourth time slot ZSM and the third time slot ZS 3 are “downlink” time slots ZS _DOWN , while the sixth time slot ZS ^λ 6 and the fifth time slot ZS'5 are “uplink” time slots ZSup.

For each telecommunications connection in groups G1, G2, a fourth distance AS4 between the "downlink" time slot ZS _DO W _N and the "uplink" time slot ZS _{UP is} a fraction (distance) of the length of the time-division multiplex frame ZMR, the Fraction is dimensioned so that the fourth distance AS4 is fixed.

In the fifth connection scenario VSZ5, the first group of telecommunication connections G1 on an eleventh frequency FR11 in the downward transmission direction in the fourth time slot ZSM occupies the first code Cl and the second code C2 and in the upward transmission direction in the fifth time slot ZS ^λ 5 the first code Cl and the second code C2, while the second group of telecommunication connections G2 on the eleventh frequency FR11 in the downward transmission direction in the first time slot ZS 1 occupies the codes C1 ... C5 and in the upward transmission direction in the eighth time slot ZS ^Λ 8 the codes C1 ... C3. The fourth time slot ZSM and the first time slot ZS ^λ 1 are “downlink” time slots ZS _D OWN, while the fifth time slot ZS ^λ 5 and the eighth time slot ZS ^Λ 8 are “uplink” time slots ZSU _P.

For each telecommunications connection in groups G1, G2, a fifth distance AS5 between the "downlink" time slot ZSDOWN and the "uplink" time slot ZS _{UP is} as long as a fraction (distance) of the length of the time-division multiplex frame ZMR , the fraction being dimensioned such that the second distance AS2 is variable.

10 shows a message flow diagram of a "handover" procedure. The "handover" procedure basically consists of three phases, a first phase, which is referred to as the indication of a "handover" (handover indication), a second phase, which is called the initiation or initiation of a "handover" (handover initiation) is referred to, and a third phase, which is referred to as the execution of a "handover" (handover execution), which take place in the order given.

In the event of a deterioration in the quality of the service to be transmitted [Quality of Service (QoS)], a “handover” is displayed by a base station BS, that is to say a first phase of the “handover” procedure is started. The deterioration in the quality of the service to be transmitted [Quality of Service (QoS)] can alternatively also be determined by a mobile part, a first mobile part MT1, a second mobile part MT2 or an nth mobile part MTn, which then causes this deterioration in the base station BS , for example via the FACCH channel. In this case, the base station BS is the "master" with respect to the "handover" procedure, while the mobile part MTl ... MTn is the "slave". However, it is also possible for the handset to be the "handover" procedure "Master" and the base station is the "slave". ω CΛJ ro M M>

Cπ cπ O Cπ O cπ

cn cx d * CΛ P- cx CΛ CΛ n P- P- Φ § 3 d * CX P- t≥x XI P * TJ rt? _ α tsi öd d α JX CX IV N Φ ∑; 3 φ tr odd tr P- p- PJ d 3 M 3 Φ O rt Φ Φ Cl Φ P- oo O d P- pj: P- tr 3 Φ tr φ Φ rt lJ φ d Φ φ dod O d 3 ι- <cn P- n cn φ <<3 d tr rt

P- ^* lJ P- x M P- H- lJ IV tr XI N 1 § PJ rt X φ φ 3 d:

P- σ rt P * φ CΛ rt O φ Λ 'td d Φ öd α d Hi ^* *: cn 1 • _* N lJ H d tr 5 rt α rt o H rt 3 P * IJ d lJ cx PJ cx PJ \ cx cx rt X lJ P- d Hi tα n 5 ^ tα ∑: _* d Φ tα Φ ≥:

N ∑; PJ: N 3 PJ cn P- rt Φ cn ts. Φ φ Φ d O Φ P- P- PJ tr PJ J Φ 1 P- PJ cx 3

X) d X * XJ σ d J x rt Φ P- d P- φ 3 l-J l-J M PJ d IV n d d d P * IS. -τ) ^ rt d P- 00

P ¹ rt o P * cx P- P> cx rt φ iJ PJ M cx φ OJ

PJ ⁾ d Φ Φ cn o cn P- CΛ cx cn J

P ⁾ P- PJ ∑: rt d CΛ d φ d öd CΛ rt Φ M n P- n rt rt 3 o rt o Φ P- O rt PJ o cn & lJ d N lJ P> XI d cn n rt cn M d tr d PJ Φ P- O <N <rt N P- XI <φ N

Φ IV d Φ I- ^* d £ N n P ⁾ O Mi Hi P- CΛ O Φ X! P- φ <V cn φ O Φ φ Φ cn X cn P- φ CX x Φ «φ tc rt tr O o Φ XI rt d Φ M PJ d ι- (tr O P- dd lJ P *

Φ d Φ P> PJ P- 1 P- P * M cx cn cn - i J - _* PJ tr d cn « _" »tr 3 ω tSi 3 d IV 1? LJ d CX d rt ^ o P- XI 3 Φ 1 P- N 1 M α CΛ P ¹ lJ N Φ 1 Φ Φ

O φ d (X d PJ cn PJ d rt l-J PJ N P- S 3 Φ cx INI Φ Φ Φ P- φ d tSJ P- d

P * P- CX CX φ Φ od I— ^* O d N φ rt d O od P- P- Φ n 3 tr rt P- φ cn

P ⁾ rt P- ts. iJ lJ <XI tr PJ öd P- P- P tr α * P- ^* rt Φ P- Φ x N cx rt ö P- x ⁾ Φ d cn Φ CX φ rt cn Φ P ¹ CΛ α no Φ d rt cn rt PJ XI φ Ό φ cn P- rt P * P * χι O Φ P- ι-J rt lJ £ Φ P- Φ rd • - lJ cn PJ O PJ CΛ do P- MP ⁾ 3 O φ cn φ d φ tr Φ cn rt PJ Φ P ^» lJ rt P- φ cn Φ φ Ml d tr do Hi O d P ⁾ tr dn P ¹ Φ

I- * l-J CΛ XJ d \ tr N d P- d d M • S Hi tr tr ∑: d M s cn tr cn cn

P- CΛ od ts. ∑: d XI d PJ Φ ∑: d = P- P * ¹ PJ rt X P- rt ∑: tr rt rt tα tr d £ φ P- d PJ cx φ X _^^ Hl P- o tr rt cx P- d PJ tr N rt Φ P- Φ

P- N Φ P> P- XI Φ P- H x P ⁾ φ P ⁾ d ö Hi CΛ Φ N Φ rt rt P ^* α d Φ Φ N cn rt P- tα cn Φ d P- rt cx Φ M 3 φ d Mi P> P- Φ lJ Xi 3 N _* d Q) (X lJ P * x ⁾ N cn PJ ds cx rt cx x CΛ d Φ lJ cx tr rt o P- rt P> χi IV 3 O Φ X ! P ⁾ σ Ό φ d

PJ φ o N φ dn cx Φ cn σ CΛ o P> Φ ^ XI Φ -JP ⁾ PJ P- <P- Φ P ⁾ Φ PJ cx

I- ^* CX j Φ lJ d tr Φ do rt <dd 1 φ ⁾ M σ PJ d 1 rt φ rt d M cn PJ J o

Φ X Φ d Xt P * d ⁾ ∑; Φ φ 1 S CΛ N XI Φ o lJ Hi INI _^ lJ cn • cn lJ d <

Φ cn d M P- £ dd M cx σ o rt ∑: Φ cn ∑: φ φ cx Φ tr Φ di cx d S rt £ o P * ¹ S Φ P- P_ PJ Φ dd cn P- CX Hi φ MP > PJ M

3 1-3 XI 1 φ Hi N o tr cx P * Φ 1 cn Φ d H P- • 5 P- P- rt PJ ^• τ) Φ cn ddd - _*

P- Φ tsi CΛ o J tr P- P- Φ P * ∑; φ CΛ £ p M cn P- cn cx fυ d tsi d cn rt rt rt P ¹ S Φ h CΛ PJ P- P * φ IV cx φ dd cn Φ Φ cn d cn oo rt cn x

Φ M ¹ P- l- ^* 3 3 Φ PJ P- ^* rt d P- n rt 1 rt Φ IV ι- (φ tr (XN • X Φ rt φ d cx IV rt φ ⁾ rt ι-J rt φ 3 1 d rt n Φ. D 2 cx 3 I - ** P- Φ P ⁾ M tr P- M

Φ o PJ cn I— ^* rt N Φ Φ P- P- tsi X! cn tα - '? ∑: tr CX 1 φ P- φ cx d PJ Φ do

H 3 "d O φ P- rt CΛ P- P * rt φ O 1 Φ P- P ⁾ Φ INI d ^ rt d cx Φ P ¹ P- φ tr

[J3 Hl tr IV o Φ P- tr * A cn P- n cn rt Φ ö N dd M oh cn öd d P * or CX 3 Φ α rt tα P * PJ rt d cx Φ Φ P- P- O PJ ^• »<cn cx cx

PJ dx P- w Φ P- P- d £ Φ cn ⁾ P- d PJ Φ d rt 3 ∑: CX Λ φ rt CX Φ 5 ^! P- tn P- Φ rt 3 d φ rt HMO d rt rt CΛ d Φ P- M Φ PJ 3 PJ φ

P- iv 3 N d XI £ P ^» tr cx NP ^* " rt CΛ Hi Φ o <J P- * CΛ CΛ PJ d cn d cn PJ X) d .— .. öd Φ Ml • dd P * ¹ o X ) cn • p- P- M d tr φ P- cn CΛ CX PJ dd cn rt 03 P ⁾ P- ö PJ rt M> • P ⁾ P- <PJ 3 d Hi P * M d rt -X) tr P - P- J rt P- n PJ IV J CΛ Φ • • cn rt φ P ⁾ P- d> O P- IV IV tα J cn tr Φ φ PJ cn

P> o π lJ PJ rt P * P- • S P- NMM d P ¹ Φ X lJ rt Φ _* PJ rt d rt PJ cn d P- rt d X φ rt Φ CΛ • Ml cn Φ rt rt PJ 3 N tr \ d P- P- φ cn rt O cn cn

P- ω 1 CΛ P- d CΛ rt s d cn CX 0 cn CX PJ d J M INI cx O rt tr φ Φ d S. cn

ONPO 1 rt • Ml • et Φ Φ Φ d P ¹ rt CX cn Φ od P- rt d P ⁾⁾ rt d Φ P> Hi d ö PJ d PJ cn xQ d = 3 Φ Φ o P * Φ 3 P * <P * (X Φ P ^ tr P ⁾ n H

P- do CΛ P- rt t≥, s rt d σ cx <O cn O rt Φ dd Φ JX Φ d P * ^J rt td rt PJ lJ N φ P- PJ CX P- P * Ml φ φ 5 P- Φ d CX CΛ l P-

CΛ 1 rt Φ d O P- rt o Φ CΛ M ö S -J CΛ MP ⁾ M tdn • *: cx rt

P * O r XI M Φ ι-3 Φ cn φ P: P * O

P- cn d tr φ d P * rt rt o Φ d Φ cn tr 1 Φ d; rt cn d

<P- d rt rt cx φ 3 M ∑: ι- (P- P * P * P-> tα ι-3 rt φ dd 1 Φ öd cx • τ) P- Öd IV PJ: d rt o - - Φ P- d Φ ffi PJ Φ cx Φ öd lJ cx Λ Φ O φ CΛ o XI 1 M tr σ 1 rt φ P- PJ d P- Φ CΛ 1 M 1 1 3 t— ^* rt PJ J d 1 d 1 Φ cn

1 1 1 1 1 1

22 bound handsets MTl ... MTn have confirmed the initiation of the "handover" by the first message Ml.

The mobile parts MTl ... MTn connected to the base station BS change, if the affected mobile parts MTl ... MTn still have to transmit current data, immediately after receiving the first message Ml from the telecommunication time slot pair to the "handover" time slot pair In this case, the data transmission in the pair of telecommunication slots is ended and in the “handover” slot pair continues seamlessly.

If, however, the affected mobile parts MTl ... MTn still have to transmit current data, the respective mobile part MT1 ... MTn transmits a second message "Handover Confirm" M2 on a signaling channel to the base station BS.

The base station BS thus receives data simultaneously in the pair of telecommunications timeslots and the "handover" pair of timeslots and, on the other hand, receives the second message M2

Initiation of the "handover" by the first message Ml is ultimately regarded as confirmed by the base station BS if - in the former case - those transmitted by the respective handset MTl ... MTn on the "uplink" time slot of the "handover" time slot pair Data are received from the base station BS without errors or if - in the second case - the base station BS receives the second message M2.

The second phase of the "handover" procedure, the initiation of a "handover", is complete when all handsets

MTl ... MTn have confirmed the initiation of the "handover" by the first message Ml.

In the third phase of the "handover" procedure, performing a "handover", then after all the handsets

MTI ... MTn have confirmed the initiation of the "handover" by the first Mel ^¬ dung Ml; the "handover" So -Zeitschlitzpaar 23 serves as the new telecommunication time slot pair, finally the transmission in the previous telecommunication time slot pair ends.

Claims

24 claims

1. Method for controlling the forwarding of telecommunication connections in telecommunication systems with wireless telecommunication based on code and time division multiplex between mobile and / or stationary transceivers, whereby

(a) Carrier frequencies (FR1 ... FR12) predefined for the telecommunication system are each divided into a number of time slots (ZS ^λ 1 ... ZS ^λ 8) each with a predefined time slot duration (T _zs ) such that the telecommunication system can be operated in TDD mode or FDD mode, the time slots (ZS 1 ... ZS ^λ 8) per carrier frequency (FR1 ... FR12) each forming a time-division multiplex frame (ZMR),

(b) in the time slots (ZS ^Λ l ... ZS ^λ 8) or the frequency ranges of the telecommunication system at most a predetermined number of bidirectional telecommunication connections in the up and down direction between telecommunication subscribers of the mobile transceivers (MS1. ..MS5) and / or stationary transmitters / receivers (BTS1, BTS2) of the telecommunication system can be manufactured simultaneously, with transmitted subscriber signals for separability with the subscribers individually assigned pseudo-random signals (C1 ... C8) so-called codes, are linked,

(c) in which, during a first phase of a "handover" procedure, the display of a "handover", a "handover" time slot pair is determined by a stationary transceiver (BS), characterized in that

(d) during a second phase of the "handover" procedure, the initiation of a "handover",

(dl) the stationary transceiver (BS) sends a first message "handover request" (MI) to the stationary transceiver (BS) assigned to mobile transceivers (MTl ... MTn), with which the stationary broadcast 25 / receiving device (BS) notifies the mobile transmitting / receiving devices (MTl ... MTn) of the "handover" time slot pair, (d2) the stationary transmitting / receiving device (BS) receives the first message "handover request" (Ml) sends to the mobile transceivers (MTl ... MTn) until all the mobile transceivers (MTl ... MTn) assigned to the stationary transceiver (BS) initiate the "handover" by the have confirmed the first message (MI), (d) during a third phase of the "handover" procedure, the execution of a "handover", the "handover" procedure is ended.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first message (MI) is confirmed by a second message (M2).

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first message (Ml) is confirmed by the fact that the mobile transceivers (MTl ... MTn) transmit data to be transmitted directly in the "handover" slot pair.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that formed as "bearer services" transmission path services, which are required in the telecommunication system in the downward direction and / or upward direction, in a spanned by the codes (C1 ... C8) Code level can be bundled.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that at least a part of logical channels of the telecommunications system - for example the control channel for signaling, the AGCH channel, the BCCH channel, the PCH channel, the RACH channel, the TCH channel and / or the FACCH channel - is bundled as transmission path services in the code level. 26

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the bundling takes place in a first selection time slot (ZS ^Λ 1) in the downward direction and a second selection time slot (ZS ^λ 5) in the upward direction.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the first selection time slot (ZS ^Λ 1) has a first time slot

(ZS ^Λ 1) of the time slots (ZS ^λ l ... ZS 8) is assigned, and (5 ZS ^Λ) a fifth time slot (ZS ^Λ 5) is assigned to the time slots (ZS l ... ZS 8) the second selection time slot.

8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that in the TDD mode, a time slot pair, a "downlink" time slot (ZSDOWN) and an "uplink" time slot (ZS ^λ _UP ) is selected for each telecommunications connection that the distance (AS2 ... AS5) between the "downlink" time slot

(ZS WN) and the "Uplink" time slot (ZSV), which are assigned to the same carrier frequency (FR1 ... FR12) or different carrier frequencies (FR1 ... FR12), is a fraction of the length of the time division multiplex frame (ZMR), where the distance (AS2 ... AS5) is fixed or variable.