WO1999042135A1 - Dispositif et procede d'apport de micronutriments - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede d'apport de micronutriments Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999042135A1
WO1999042135A1 PCT/US1999/003570 US9903570W WO9942135A1 WO 1999042135 A1 WO1999042135 A1 WO 1999042135A1 US 9903570 W US9903570 W US 9903570W WO 9942135 A1 WO9942135 A1 WO 9942135A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iron
components
micronutrients
copper
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/003570
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth James Dillon
Original Assignee
Kenneth James Dillon
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kenneth James Dillon filed Critical Kenneth James Dillon
Publication of WO1999042135A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999042135A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of dispensing essential minerals, and in particular to a device that is an alloy of minerals that are released by selective leaching via galvanic and other kinds of corrosion. It provides a low-cost approach that can be used as a source of background micronutrients as well as for prophylaxis against heavy metal pollution and for various therapeutic purposes. The invention further relates to dispensing certain vitamins and drugs from the alloy devices of this invention.
  • Micronutritional deficiencies constitute a major health problem in many developing countries, and they show up in individuals and underprivileged groups in developed countries as well. Various deficiencies can lead to fatigue, learning disabilities, mental retardation, physical debility, blindness, reduced resistance to disease, and premature death. They affect young children and pregnant or nursing women at a particularly high rate.
  • Supplements have the advantages of being easy to handle and dispense as well as permitting exact dosing. But they are relatively expensive, putting them out of the reach of those who need them most. In addition, they often do not contain more than one micronutrient. It is difficult to ensure compliance with daily tablet regimes, especially if the supplement is unappealing in taste and causes side-effects, as is the case with oral iron tablets. Furthermore, pilferage is a problem, and fatal overdoses can occur, especially when small children gain access to a supply of tablets.
  • a second approach is food fortification. This method is less expensive than supplementation.
  • iron pots deposit flakes of iron in food during cooking. Studies have confirmed this, and it is considered a significant source for alleviating iron-deficiency anemia (Helen C. Brittin and Cheryl E. Nossaman, "Iron Content of Food Cooked in Iron Utensils," Journal of the American Dietetic Association 86 (1986), No. 7, pp. 897-901).
  • transdermal patches are known to deliver vitamins, drugs, and other non-mineral substances on a sustained basis to the skin (J. Berba and U. Banakar, "Clinical Efficacy of Current Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Retrospective Evaluation,” American Pharmacist (1990), NS 30, No. 11, pp. 33-41).
  • oral dosing of individual medicinal minerals such as antimony was done by pouring wine into a cup made of the mineral.
  • the method of the present invention eliminates the problems associated with these known methods and can be viewed as a substitute for the above approaches or as a complement to them. In either case, it avoids many of their drawbacks and offers major benefits including greater precision, ease of use, improved compliance, lessened danger of overdose, low cost, minimal spoilage, more readily monitored quality, and fewer taste and appearance problems.
  • the present invention can supply a wide range of microminerals. It can be readily supplied to groups of poor people and those in remote locations not easily reached by current approaches. It can be adapted to regional and even individual needs. As a source of "background” or "infrastructural" micronutrition, it is particularly suited to the nature of the micronutritional deficiency problem in developing nations.
  • the invention relates to a method for the dispensation of minerals.
  • the invention provides a method for dispensing micronutrients for absorption by the body by way of selective leaching via galvanic corrosion and other forms of corrosion, such as erosion and embrittlement.
  • the micronutrients contained in the devices are dispensed into food or drink, or onto the skin.
  • the devices of the present invention act by galvanic corrosion.
  • this invention relates to a method for the delivery of micronutrients to a person or animal in need thereof comprising administering to said person or animal an ingestible solid or liquid product contacted with an alloy device comprising micronutrients, wherein contacting said solid or liquid product results in the galvanic corrosion of said device causing a release of said micronutrients for absorption into said ingestible solid or liquid product.
  • this invention relates to a method for the delivery of micronutrients to a person or animal in need thereof comprising contacting an alloy device comprising micronutrients to said person or animal, wherein said contacting step results in the selective leaching via galvanic corrosion of said device causing a release of said micronutrients for absorption into the skin of said person.
  • this invention relates to coordinating and manufacturing the devices of the present invention to provide a plurality of essential microminerals, wherein the device is designed according to the specific needs of a specific population or an individual person.
  • this invention relates to dispensing or delivering micronutrients to a person or animal in need thereof.
  • another embodiment of this invention relates to dispensing and delivering microminerals, macrominerals, encapsulated vitamins, encapsulated drugs, and other substances to a person.
  • the invention relates to devices of the present invention, wherein the plurality of micronutrients are present such that at least one mineral acts as a cathodic matrix and at least one mineral acts as an anode, wherein the anode is dispensed from the cathodic matrix.
  • the invention further relates to methods of preventing and treating nutritive deficiencies in a patient in need thereof.
  • the invention can be used to overcome chronic deficits of micronutrients, serve as prophylaxis against heavy metal pollution, or be used in specific therapeutic situations.
  • the term "nutrients" as used in the context of the present invention relates to any compounds or elements that are nutritionally valuable to humans or animals. This term embodies, but is not limited to, micronutrients, such as microminerals or minerals, and macronutrients.
  • micronutrients includes those elements present in the human body in amounts less than 0.05 percent of the total body weight.
  • Micronutrients include both microminerals and vitamins. While the present invention primarily pertains to microminerals, it may also be used for dispensing vitamins.
  • Microminerals may include, but are not limited to the trace elements such as manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum and iodine, as well as the ultratrace elements silicon, vanadium, chromium, selenium, bromine, tin, and fluorine.
  • trace elements such as manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum and iodine
  • the ultratrace elements silicon, vanadium, chromium, selenium, bromine, tin, and fluorine.
  • one having ordinary skill in the art will be capable of determining whether or not a particular micronutrient is suitable for use in specific applications of the present invention.
  • Other valuable nutrients are also within the scope of this invention.
  • this would include macronutrients including, but not limited to, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, and calcium.
  • drugs and other substances known by one having ordinary skill in the art are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
  • Herbal components are also within the scope of the invention. Such components would include compounds exemplified by oligoineric proanthoujanidins, antioxidants, ginkgo biloba extract, beta carotene, green tea extract, parsley leaf extract, etc.
  • alloys relate to an admixture composition comprising at least two metals or one metal and nonmetals such as C, Te, or P which have a metallic appearance.
  • the present invention relates to an alloy comprising at least one metal and the micronutrients or nutrients of the instant invention.
  • the alloy may be a homogeneous mixture or a eutectic one (one in which the individual constituents are not fully blended), or one having different sections of pure minerals (copper, iron, etc.) linked or fused to one another.
  • the alloy devices of the present invention are those devices that assist in the preparation or serving of foods including, but not limited to, cooking pots and pans, cups, serving and cooking utensils, and dishes.
  • teething rings are considered to be an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the alloy devices of the present invention include those devices that come into contact with the skin including, but not limited to, jewelry, such as anklets, wristwatches, rings, necklaces, and armbands, and other contactants, such as headbands.
  • the alloy devices of this invention are cooking pots and pans, cups, and armbands.
  • the alloy devices of the present invention may be used in combination with one another or may be used as a plurality.
  • a person may use different armbands directed to the delivery of different types of micronutrients in accordance with the present invention.
  • a person may use a cup for dispensing certain types of micronutrients in combination with an armband for dispensing other micronutrients.
  • armband for dispensing other micronutrients.
  • micronutrients of the instant invention are preferably dispersed in the alloy according to their standard reduction potentials.
  • electrochemical or galvanic series along with several other common elements.
  • Such a series begins with the most active elements (those that most readily are stripped of electrons— "oxidized”) and ends with the least reactive or most noble ones.
  • the series assumes a solution of seawater, which is roughly analogous to body fluids. An element's ability to become oxidized or reduced when coupled in an electrochemical cell with another depends on their relative rank in this series.
  • the term "selective leaching” as used in the context of this invention relates to the corrosion of the alloy devices of this invention to permit release of the nutrients by electrochemical reaction with a cathodic substance or by other kinds of corrosion. This then permits the nutrients in the alloy devices to be released by galvanic corrosion and become available for absorption into the food, drink, or skin with which they come into contact.
  • corrosion can be defined as the gradual wearing away of a particular substance by chemical reaction and other forms of stress (William D. Callister, Jr., Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction. 3 rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 1994, pp. 566-73). In the context of the present invention, this corrosion is essential to dispensing the nutrients contained in the alloy for absorption.
  • the release rate of the micronutrients can be boosted by various means such as magnetizing the device, raising its temperature, or, in the case of the armband, running a tiny battery-operated current through it.
  • the selection of particular nutrients for use in an alloy device of the present invention is based upon the need of the nutritionally-deficient population or person and the use of the device in the context of the present invention.
  • a cooking alloy device used in the context of the present invention should not include nutrients or microminerals that would be sublimed or destroyed by heat.
  • microminerals should not be added indiscriminately.
  • Manganese for example, is an essential micromineral; but no case of manganese deficiency has ever been verified.
  • the occurrence of manganese toxicity in mining and industry is an additional reason for not making microdoses of manganese available lest they boost this toxicity in individual cases (World Health Organization. Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health. Geneva: WHO, 1996, pp. 163-4).
  • World Health Organization Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health. Geneva: WHO, 1996, pp. 163-4.
  • one having ordinary skill in the art would recognize the nutritive value of certain nutrients for inclusion in the alloy devices of the present invention.
  • the source for the micronutrients in accordance with the present invention can be readily determined by one having ordinary skill in the art.
  • mixtures of trace elements are readily obtained from commercial sources.
  • other sources include natural sources.
  • seaweed does not have the exact proportions of essential micronutrients used by the human body, it is a reasonable and useful surrogate for a scientifically selected array of essential microminerals.
  • a commercially available powdered seaweed contains the following essential trace elements: chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silicon, tin, vanadium, zinc, and boron. So seaweed, for example, can be usefully be incorporated into an alloy instead of using commercial mixtures of trace elements.
  • the present invention also can help meet the "urgent" need for alternative sources of iodine noted in the recent World Health Organization report (World Health Organization (1996), p. 67).
  • World Health Organization (1996), p. 67)
  • the lack of a suitable methods for dispensing the iodine in seaweed in an economical, readily usable form means that much of it is wasted.
  • the ratios and dosage amounts of the nutrients used in accordance with this invention are based upon the needs of the nutritionally-deficient population or individual. Therefore, it would be within the skill of the ordinary artisan aware of the nutritional deficiency of a population or individual to determine the appropriate levels of nutrients needed for dispensation and abso ⁇ tion. Moreover, while levels of toxicity
  • the dosage amount should be modified in accord with relative toxicities that may arise.
  • the device should be used under the supervision of a medical practitioner. It is not intended for use by healthy people with adequate, varied nutrition. Furthermore, special attention should be paid to complicating circumstances. For example, tannery workers exposed to chromium should not drink from cups containing it.
  • the duration for using an alloy device of the present invention may alter the selection of certain elements in the device. For example, if it is felt that long-term use of the present invention could lead to an excessive supply of copper (even though as the cathodic element copper would be dispensed at a minimal rate), then other suitable matrix materials— silver, gold, or platinum— can be used.
  • An alternative approach in such a case is to employ elements with lower electrochemical series rankings than copper as the cathode/matrix in coupling with yet lower-ranking anodic elements to the extent possible.
  • Ceramic, polymeric, and other composites may also be used as the matrix; but it is thought that they would represent a needless complication and may have negative effects —e.g., degradation of polymeric composites could release toxic substances. They would also not exploit the electrochemical power of the galvanic series for selective leaching.
  • the use of the particular alloy device in connection with a certain population may affect the manner in which it is used.
  • the invention relates to an alloy device comprising minerals that can be used to prepare foods.
  • this alloy device for the preparation of food for an entire family, for example, it should be understood that an adult male is likely to have a considerably smaller need for iron than a pregnant woman. Accordingly, some care should be taken to ensure that the male does not receive an excessive dose of iron, though such a case would be uncommon.
  • One preferred embodiment of the device and method is in the construction of a cooking pot.
  • a cooking pot may be useful for the treatment of anemia of
  • this alloy device will dispense sufficient iron and cobalt into the food. The assimilation of iron and cobalt into the food helps treat iron-deficiency and pernicious anemia.
  • a second preferred embodiment of the present invention is a cup, wherein certain nutrients are dispensed into a liquid contained in the cup. According to a particular person's nutritional needs and in consultation with a physician, this cup can be used once or several times a day. The kind of drink and length of time for the drink to sit in the cup before imbibing are matters of personal choice or to be determined
  • micronutrients might be better preserved and dispensed with the use of cold liquids than with hot ones, but heat will cause more rapid release of micronutrients.
  • this cup may be useful for an elderly individual with a problem of calcium loss from bones.
  • the cup can be formed of an alloy with a wide range of essential microminerals.
  • One source of these microminerals can be powdered seaweed (e.g., Laminaria, which includes iodine).
  • the copper, calcium, and powdered seaweed can be present in the alloy in a ratio of 90:8:2.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the treatment of copper toxicity, such as found in Wilson's disease.
  • a cup of the present invention would comprise an iron matrix, which would serve as the cathode, and zinc, which would act as the anode.
  • a third preferred embodiment of the present invention is an armband.
  • Anklets, headbands, wristwatches, rings, necklaces, and other means of putting the device in contact with the skin are also possible.
  • this invention relates to an armband made up of copper/iron/multi-trace element present in a ratio of 80:18:2.
  • this armband is used prophylactically against heavy metal pollution such as might be encountered by a child living in the vicinity of an industrial site.
  • the armband is preferably flexible so that it can be bent into a snug fit yet expanded as the child grows.
  • the iron will corrode in such a way as to antagonize lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, which are absorbed by the body in place of iron in iron deficient persons.
  • Sweat and other dermal fluids will provide an electrolyte solution through which the corroded substance will pass into the skin and penetrate by means of diffusion, as in the well-characterized process of transdermal drug delivery via dermal patches.
  • Sweat itself contains many metals (Cu, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mn, Zn) and non- metals (Walker and Keats (1976), p. 458).
  • Similar armbands can be devised for specific therapeutic uses. For instance, a copper/zinc armband could be used to dispense zinc for the acceleration of wound- or burn-healing in zinc-deficient individuals. In general, one or several of the embodiments and modes of the present invention can be employed in most therapeutic situations where zinc sulfate or other mineral compounds are being taken orally. In addition, these armbands would be useful to act against alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and as a means of enhancing growth in children stunted by zinc deficiency.
  • the present invention admits of many variations according to local circumstances. For instance, the excessive iodine intake of residents of Hokkaido's coastal areas would require that cups and armbands be made without iodine content.
  • the high levels of molybdenum in certain soils in Armenia would likewise suggest that embodiments of the device for use in Armenia should not include molybdenum.
  • the present invention could be made to include a higher dose of selenium than ordinary.
  • the present invention is not likely to violate traditions or taboos ⁇ or, if one form of it does, another may not. It is unobtrusive yet, in various embodiments, it can usefully raise awareness of the value of good micronutrition. Its embodiment in objects of art such as jewelry or handsome cups can enhance its attractiveness and thereby facilitate compliance. In addition, the portability and relatively long-term life of the various embodiments make them suitable for meeting micronutritional needs in remote areas hard to reach by other methods. A single pot can provide the microminerals (except iodine) for an entire family for an extended period of time. The concept of the present invention is attractive enough, too, that developing countries' governments will not need to spend much money on advertisements and promotions that preach its virtues.
  • the basic technology for manufacturing the device (including for collecting and powdering seaweed) is within the reach of many developing countries. So ultimately the present invention can be manufactured locally, thus saving the expense of imports. Certain microminerals such as iodine will need to be imported into inland countries, but this is true for any micronutritional approach.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif d'apport de micronutriments. Ce dispositif constitue un mélange de différents minéraux essentiels, parmi lesquels les minéraux anodiques sont libérés par lixiviation sélective via une corrosion galvanique ou autres types de corrosion depuis une matrice cathodique. On peut également utiliser cette invention pour administrer des vitamines et des médicaments. Elle constitue par ailleurs un supplément nutritionnel pour les régimes alimentaires déficients, un traitement prophylactique contre la pollution par les métaux lourds, et une thérapie pour certaine déficiences et états nutritionnels.
PCT/US1999/003570 1998-02-23 1999-02-22 Dispositif et procede d'apport de micronutriments WO1999042135A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7553298P 1998-02-23 1998-02-23
US60/075,532 1998-02-23

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WO1999042135A1 true WO1999042135A1 (fr) 1999-08-26

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109122136A (zh) * 2018-07-24 2019-01-04 广东省生态环境技术研究所 一种中轻度重金属污染土壤上稻米安全生产的方法
DE102020118573A1 (de) 2020-03-05 2021-09-09 Frank Wassmann Hygienevorrichtung für einen Menschen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4576695A (en) * 1983-11-23 1986-03-18 Scm Corporation Adhesion promoters for sanitary can coatings
US4781705A (en) * 1987-06-16 1988-11-01 Zyton Inc. Mineral applicator
US5725944A (en) * 1993-05-17 1998-03-10 Eastman Chemical Company Polyesters for metal lamination
US5794823A (en) * 1996-07-31 1998-08-18 Stainless One Dispensing Systems Limited action flow control fluid dispenser

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4576695A (en) * 1983-11-23 1986-03-18 Scm Corporation Adhesion promoters for sanitary can coatings
US4781705A (en) * 1987-06-16 1988-11-01 Zyton Inc. Mineral applicator
US5725944A (en) * 1993-05-17 1998-03-10 Eastman Chemical Company Polyesters for metal lamination
US5794823A (en) * 1996-07-31 1998-08-18 Stainless One Dispensing Systems Limited action flow control fluid dispenser

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BRITTIN et al., "Iron Content of Food Cooked in Iron Utensils", J. AM. DIETETIC ASSOC., July 1986, Vol. 86, No. 7, pages 897-901. *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109122136A (zh) * 2018-07-24 2019-01-04 广东省生态环境技术研究所 一种中轻度重金属污染土壤上稻米安全生产的方法
DE102020118573A1 (de) 2020-03-05 2021-09-09 Frank Wassmann Hygienevorrichtung für einen Menschen

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