WO1999039179A1 - Mesureur de materiau du type gravier pour essais multiples - Google Patents

Mesureur de materiau du type gravier pour essais multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999039179A1
WO1999039179A1 PCT/US1999/002037 US9902037W WO9939179A1 WO 1999039179 A1 WO1999039179 A1 WO 1999039179A1 US 9902037 W US9902037 W US 9902037W WO 9939179 A1 WO9939179 A1 WO 9939179A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
media
gun
target
chamber
testing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/002037
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Douglas M. Grossman
Steven J. Grossman
Gary J. Billington
Original Assignee
Q-Panel Lab Products
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Q-Panel Lab Products filed Critical Q-Panel Lab Products
Priority to US09/600,280 priority Critical patent/US6679095B1/en
Priority to DE19982760T priority patent/DE19982760C2/de
Publication of WO1999039179A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999039179A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
    • G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0096—Testing material properties on thin layers or coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/32—Paints; Inks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/42—Road-making materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to an apparatus for testing the chipping resistance and adherence of surface coatings. More particularly, the invention relates to a gravelometer having multi-standard capabilities so that a user need not purchase a plurality gravelometers each dedicated to a particular testing standard.
  • a gravelometer base unit selectively receives one of a plurality of target chambers to enclose the sample being tested, and one of a plurality of media guns for propelling the media at the test sample secured in the target chamber.
  • the particular target chamber and media gun utilized depend upon the particular testing standard to be followed.
  • Gravelometers and their use for testing the adhesion and chip resistance of coatings to a test panel or other specimen are generally well known.
  • the gravelometer is adapted to project a specified volume of standardized blasting media, such as gravel, split shot, buck shot, sand, or the like, at a test panel or other object coated with the paint or other coating being tested.
  • the test panel is housed in or otherwise surrounded by a "target chamber” so that the media is contained for safety.
  • the media is typically propelled toward the test specimen from a media "gun” under the force of compressed air at a specified pressure and flow rate.
  • Media is fed into the media gun in a controlled manner either manually or through use of an automatic feeding apparatus. Once the supply of media is exhausted, the test panel is removed from the target chamber, examined, and evaluated in accordance with particular chipping and adherence standards.
  • SAE J400 Recommended Practice SAE J400 of the Society of Automotive Engineers
  • SAE J400 specifies test equipment, test conditions, test procedures, and test specimen evaluation.
  • SAE J400 specifies the use of a particular media (standardized gravel) , a particular compressed air gun for projecting the gravel, a particular distance between the test specimen and the gun, particular angular orientations of the test specimen relative to the projection path of the media, and other testing parameters.
  • Prior gravelometers Another problem associated with prior gravelometers is their inability to receive and contain large three-dimensional test specimens. For example, with coatings, it is often desirable to test the chipping resistance after the coating has been applied to an actual end product such as a wheel, a spring, or an automobile body part. With prior gravelometers, their is no - 3 - convenient and effective way of subjecting such three- dimensional objects to a test without departing from the test procedures or without purchasing yet another specialized gravelometer made for such parts.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a gravelometer which is able to be configured with any one of a plurality of target chambers and media guns to comply with SAE J400, VDA, or any other testing standard.
  • a gravelometer apparatus in accordance with a first aspect of the invention, includes a media gun mount extending from a frame member.
  • the gun mount includes a bore adapted to receive a barrel of an associated media gun and a media gun fastening device for fixedly and releasably securing the media gun relative to the mount so that the gun barrel is placed in the bore.
  • a first enclosed target chamber is releasably secured to the frame member in an operative position so that the barrel of an associated media gun secured to the frame member is directed into an enclosed interior space of the target chamber through an inlet.
  • the target chamber includes a target support for fixedly retaining a target specimen in an operative position so that testing media projected outwardly from an outlet in the barrel of the associated gun impinges upon the target specimen and is retained in the enclosed interior space.
  • a media supply system is connected to the frame member and included a media hopper and a media feeder for conveying media from the hopper to a media inlet of the associated media gun.
  • a multi-test gravelometer for performing coating testing operations based on at least two different standards includes a frame adapted for releasably receiving - 4 - and retaining an associated one of at least first and second media guns in an operative position so that a media inlet of the gun is positioned to receive testing media and a media outlet of the gun is positioned to project testing media toward a testing target.
  • a compressed air supply is adapted for communication with an air inlet of the gun.
  • the gravelometer includes means for selectively and releasably connecting one of a plurality of different two- dimensional specimen target chambers to the frame by in an operative position so that the media outlet of the gun is directed into and enclosed by an interior portion of the target chamber in line with a target specimen support region thereof .
  • a modular gravelometer apparatus in accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, includes a base unit having a frame. A compressed air tank is secured to the frame. A plurality of different media guns, each conformed in accordance with a particular testing standard, are adapted for individual and selective operative securement to the base unit frame by at least one releasable connector. Each of the media guns includes a media inlet adapted to receive testing media, a media outlet for projecting the testing media outwardly along a target path, and a compressed air inlet adapted for selective fluid communication with the compressed air tank.
  • a plurality of different two-dimensional specimen target chambers are each conformed in accordance with one of the testing standards and adapted for individual and selective securement to the base unit in an operative position using at least one releasable connector.
  • Each target chamber defines an enclosure, a media inlet to the enclosure, and an air exhaust vent, and each chamber includes a target specimen securement device for selectively and releasably securing a target specimen in an operative position in line - 5 - with the target path so that testing media projected from an operatively secured media gun impinges on the operatively secured target specimen.
  • a method of constructing a gravelometer apparatus to perform testing in accordance with one of at least two different testing standards includes selecting one of a plurality of different media projecting guns. Each of the guns is conformed in accordance with a different testing standard. The selected gun is operatively and releasably secured to a frame member. One of a plurality of different target chambers is selected to correspond with the selected one of the media guns. Each chamber is conformed in accordance with one of the different testing standards. The selected chamber is operatively and releasably securing to the frame member so that a testing media outlet of the operatively secured media gun is directed into an enclosed interior portion of the operatively secured target chamber. An air inlet of the operatively secured media gun is connected to a supply of compressed air.
  • One advantage of the present invention is that it eliminates the need for multiple gravelometers each dedicated to a particular testing standard.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a gravelometer base unit to which any one of a plurality of media guns and any one of a plurality of target chambers are easily and conveniently connected to construct a gravelometer in accordance with any testing standard.
  • Still another advantage of the present invention is that a three-dimensional specimen target chamber is easily and selectively connectable to any of the target chambers as needed for testing three-dimensional specimens - 6 - in accordance with any testing standard.
  • Yet another advantage of the present invention is that a wide variety of blast media such as gravel, split shot, buckshot, sand, or MDOT 25A, is able to be used for testing procedures.
  • blast media such as gravel, split shot, buckshot, sand, or MDOT 25A
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that it is more easily and less expensively repaired or calibrated.
  • FIGURE 1 is a front elevational view of a gravelometer in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a top plan view of the gravelometer shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURES 3 and 4 are right and left side elevational views of the gravelometer shown in FIGURE 1, respectively;
  • FIGURE 5 is an exploded front elevational view of a modular SAE J400 media gun in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURE 6 is a top plan view of the SAE J400 gun shown in FIGURE 5, with the gun fully assembled;
  • FIGURE 7 is a right side elevational view of the SAE J400 media gun shown in FIGURE 6; - 7 -
  • FIGURE 8 is a front elevational view diagrammatically illustrating a modular VDA media gun and its connection with a media supply system in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURES 9A-9D are rear elevational, left side elevational, front elevational, and top plan views, respectively, of a modular SAE J400 90° target chamber in accordance with the present invention (with FIGURES 9C and 9D partially broken away)
  • FIGURES 10A-10D are rear elevational, left side elevational, front elevational, and top plan views, respectively, of a modular VDA 90° target chamber in accordance with the present invention (with FIGURES IOC and 10D partially broken away)
  • FIGURES 11A-11D are rear elevational, left side elevational, front elevational, and top plan views, respectively, of a modular SAE J400 45° target chamber in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURES 9A-9D are rear elevational, left side elevational, front elevational, and top plan views, respectively, of a modular SAE J400 90° target chamber in
  • FIGURES 12A-12D are rear elevational, left side elevational, front elevational, and top plan views, respectively, of a modular VDA 45° target chamber in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGURE 13A illustrates a three-dimensional specimen target chamber as it is releasably connected to a two-dimensional specimen modular target chamber for purposes of testing three-dimensional specimens;
  • FIGURE 13B is a left side elevational view of the three-dimensional specimen target chamber shown in FIGURE 13A; and, FIGURE 13C is a top plan view of the three- dimensional specimen target chamber releasably connected to a two-dimensional specimen target chamber.
  • the gravelometer includes a base unit 30 to which modular components are selectively connected as is described in detail below.
  • the base unit 30 comprises a source of compressed air (or other gas) which may be a receiver tank 40 connected to a shop air supply or another source.
  • the tank 40 is supported above a shop floor by a combination of wheels 42 and feet 44 that facilitate movement of the gravelometer 20 as desired.
  • the base unit 30 also includes a main frame 46 connected to the upper region of the tank 40.
  • a media gun frame or mount 50 is connected to the main frame (or formed as a one-piece construction therewith) and includes a bore 52 or other means for releasably receiving a media gun 54 and operatively supporting the gun so that a media inlet 56 of the gun is upwardly oriented and so that the gun barrel (media outlet) 57 extends through the gun mount 50.
  • the media inlet 56 of the gun 54 is connected to an elongated conduit 58.
  • An open upper end of the conduit 58 is in communication with an automatic media supply system 60.
  • the media supply system 60 receives and retains a supply of gravel or other blast media in a hopper 62 and includes means for dispensing the media from the hopper into the gun inlet conduit 58 in a controlled manner.
  • the dispensing means comprises a vibratory feeder assembly 64 supported by the frame 50, although any other suitable feeding means may be employed.
  • an operator of the apparatus 20 is able to manually control the flow of media into the gun inlet 56.
  • FIGURES 2-4 illustrate the preferred means for selectively, operatively, and releasably securing a modular media gun 54 to the gun frame 50 in accordance with the present invention.
  • a modular SAE J400 compliant media gun 54 in accordance with the present invention includes a radially enlarged mounting flange 70 (see also FIGURES 5-7) that lies adjacent to a face of the frame 50 when the gun is operatively supported by the frame as described.
  • the apparatus 20 includes means for releasably engaging the gun 54 and securing the gun in the operative position without requiring use of wrenches, screwdrivers, or like tools - i.e., through use of manually operable connectors.
  • first and second toggle clamps 72,74 are provided to selectively and releasably engage the radially enlarged mounting flange 70 of the gun and prevent any movement of the gun 54 relative to the gun frame 50.
  • the gun may be operatively secured to the frame 50 via means such as a collar assembly, a threaded or key-like connection, bolts, pins, or other fasteners, or any other suitable means that allows the gun 54 to be quickly and easily affixed to and separated from the frame 50.
  • Mating locator pins/apertures or the like are preferably provided on the gun/frame to ensure proper installation and alignment of the gun 54.
  • the modular SAE J400 gun comprises an air nozzle 76 which threadably or otherwise mates in a fluid-tight manner with a compressed air inlet 78.
  • the nozzle 76 is connected to the compressed air supply 40 using suitable conduit and one or more valves that allow the selective flow of compressed air to the gun nozzle 76.
  • FIGURE 8 diagrammatically illustrates an alternative media gun 54' that complies with VDA testing standards rather than SAE standards.
  • Like components relative to the SAE J400 gun 54 are indicated using like reference numerals with a primed (') suffix.
  • the guns 54,54' are similar in all respects.
  • the gun 54' is preferably used to propel chill-cast iron abrasive.
  • gun 54,54', or a gun manufactured in accordance with another standard and the present invention is selectively, operatively, and releasably connectable to the gun support frame 50 of the gravelometer base unit 30 as described above and required by a particular testing standard in an easy and convenient manner without use of tools .
  • a control system 80 is connected to the main frame 46 and controls all machine operations.
  • the control system includes an operator control panel 82 having a plurality of operator input/output devices 84 thereon.
  • the control system 80 controls the operation of the media supply system 60 and the flow of compressed air (or other gas) from the supply tank 40 to the nozzle 76,76' of a media gun 54,54' through any suitable conventional hose(s) .
  • a modular target box or chamber 90 is also selectively, operatively, and releasably connected to the base unit 30 of the gravelometer apparatus 20 by any suitable means such as clips Cl, interlocking parts, bolts, pins, or any other fasteners.
  • the target chamber 90 defines an enclosure which shields a test specimen and prevents the escape of the blasting media after it impacts a test specimen.
  • the target chamber 90 includes a media inlet 92, a media outlet 94, and a specimen window 96.
  • the media inlet 92 seals against the frame 50 to prevent the escape of media and to allow the projection of the media from a gun barrel 57,57' into the chamber 90 - 11 - along a horizontal projection or target path.
  • the specimen window 96 is aligned with the gun barrel 57,57', and a toggle clamp 98, or other means such as a frame, releasably and firmly secures a flat, two-dimensional test panel or other specimen in the window 96 so that the window is sealed by the specimen and any associated specimen support structure. In this manner, media propelled into the target chamber 90 along the horizontal projection path impinges upon the test sample but is contained within the target chamber.
  • the angular orientation of the test specimen and its distance from the gun barrel 57,57' depends on the particular gun/target chamber combination connected to the base unit 30.
  • the chamber 90 is an SAE J400 compliant target chamber which secures the specimen at a 90° angle relative to the horizontal media projection path.
  • the spent media falls through the media outlet 94 into a media reclaim chamber 100.
  • the subject multi-test gravelometer 20 comprises means for selectively, operatively, and releasably connecting the modular target chamber 90 to the base unit 30 so that any one of a plurality of different modular target chambers may be connected to the base unit as desired to comply with a particular testing standard in an easy and convenient manner without aid of tools.
  • a plurality of clips, clamps, or like connectors Cl are utilized.
  • the frame 50 include one or more locator pins 102 (FIGURES 1 and 4) that each engage a mating aperture 103 (FIGURE 9D) of the target chamber 90 to facilitate the proper interconnection of the chamber 90 and the frame 50.
  • a target chamber safety switch is connected to the control system 80 and senses the proper - 12 - connection of the target chamber 90 to the frame 50. In the event the chamber 90 is not properly connected to the frame, the control system will not allow operation of the apparatus 20.
  • the chamber 90 can be releasably connected to the frame 50 through use of any suitable manually operable "quick-disconnect" type retainers.
  • FIGURES 9A-9D illustrate the SAE J400 90° target chamber 90 in full detail.
  • FIGURES 10A-10D, 11A-11D, and 12A-12D illustrate alternative modular target chambers 190, 290, and 390, respectively, in accordance with the present invention for selective and releasable interconnection to the gravelometer base unit 30 in the same manner as the chamber 90 to comply with a variety of other testing standards as desired.
  • the parts of the modular chambers 190,290,390 relative to the modular chamber 90 are indicated with like reference numerals that are 100, 200, and 300 units greater, respectively, than corresponding parts of the target chamber 90.
  • the modular target chambers 90,190 secure a test specimen at a 90° angle relative to the media projection path while the target chambers 290,390 secure a test specimen at a 45° angle relative to the projection path.
  • Each modular target chamber 90,190,290,390 also includes a vent opening 104 formed therethrough for the exhaustion of the compressed air that propels the blast media.
  • a dust filter 108 (FIGURE 9A) is secured in the vent opening 104 of each target chamber and blocks the passage of airborne particulates through vent opening 104. As shown herein, the filter 108 is secured in the opening 104 through use of a frame 106 which slidably receives the filter. Other filter securement means may be used as desired.
  • FIGURES 13A-13C depict a modular three- dimensional specimen target chamber 490 in accordance with - 13 - the present invention.
  • the three-dimensional specimen target chamber 490 is selectively and releasably clamped or otherwise fastened to one of the modular 90° target chambers 90,190 and includes a media inlet 492 which communicates with the target chamber specimen window 96,196.
  • the window is left open and a three-dimensional specimen, such as a spring, wheel cover, or the like, is positioned in the three- dimensional specimen target chamber 490.
  • the specimen is placed in the chamber 490 through a hinged access door 494.
  • the chamber 490 preferably also includes an adjustable clamping bar 496 movable toward and away from the window 492 or other like means for fixedly securing a specimen is a desired location in line with the window 492.
  • the media propelled by a gun 54,54' passes through the chamber 90,190 and into the three-dimensional target chamber to impinge on the three-dimensional specimen housed therein.
  • the modular three-dimensional specimen chamber 490 is selectively and releasably connected to one of the 90° two-dimensional specimen chambers 90,190 using manually operable retainers such as clips C2 that selectively engage studs 498, or through use of interlocking parts of the chambers 90,490, bolts, pins, clamps, or any other suitable connectors.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

Un mesureur de matériau du type gravier (20) comprend une unité de base (30) dotée d'un réservoir de réception à air comprimé (40) ayant des roues (42) et des pieds (44). Un cadre principal (46) relie le réservoir (40) à un cadre ou support de pistolet de pulvérisation de matériau (50) et comporte un trou (52) qui permet de recevoir et de soutenir libérable un pistolet de pulvérisation (54) ayant une bride de fixation (70), de sorte que l'entrée du matériau (56) soit orientée vers le haut et que le canon du pistolet ou la sortie du matériau (57) s'étende à travers le support du pistolet (50). L'entrée du matériau (56) est reliée via un conduit allongé (58) à un système d'alimentation de matériau (60) qui comprend une trémie d'alimentation de matériau (62) et un ensemble alimentateur vibrant (64). Un système de commande (80) équipé d'un panneau de commande d'opérateur (82) régit les opérations. Une boîte ou chambre cible modulaire (90) est reliée libérable à l'unité de base (30), aidée en cela par des doigts de positionnement (102). Ladite chambre (90) comprend une entrée de matériau (92), une sortie de matériau (94), reliée à une chambre de récupération de matériau utilisé (100), et une fenêtre témoin (96) dotée d'un crampon articulé pour le maintien d'une cible témoin (98).
PCT/US1999/002037 1998-01-28 1999-01-26 Mesureur de materiau du type gravier pour essais multiples WO1999039179A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/600,280 US6679095B1 (en) 1998-01-28 1999-01-26 Multi-test gravelometer
DE19982760T DE19982760C2 (de) 1998-01-28 1999-01-26 Mehrfach-Prüf-Gravelometer

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7284098P 1998-01-28 1998-01-28
US60/072,840 1998-01-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999039179A1 true WO1999039179A1 (fr) 1999-08-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1999/002037 WO1999039179A1 (fr) 1998-01-28 1999-01-26 Mesureur de materiau du type gravier pour essais multiples

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19982760C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999039179A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6422071B1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2002-07-23 Ventra Group, Inc. Stone pecking machine
DE10231802A1 (de) * 2002-07-15 2004-02-12 Volkswagen Ag Steinschlag-Simulationsgerät für die Prüfung der Steinschlagfestigkeit von Lackschichten
WO2014209997A1 (fr) * 2013-06-24 2014-12-31 Film Sales Tools, Inc. Simulateur portable de dégradation par impact de graviers

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3509086A (en) * 1967-06-30 1970-04-28 Du Pont Epoxy acrylic sealer compositions
US4239808A (en) * 1979-06-13 1980-12-16 The General Tire & Rubber Company In-mold coating of sheet molding compound moldings
EP0434633A1 (fr) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-26 FIAT AUTO S.p.A. Méthode pour le contrôle des caractéristiques de couches de revement, en particuliÀ¨rement de couches de peinture sur des métaux
US5750878A (en) * 1996-02-05 1998-05-12 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Removable reference plate

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT380337B (de) * 1983-05-09 1986-05-12 Vianova Kunstharz Ag Verfahren zur quantitativen charakterisierung des verhaltens von organischen beschichtungen bei steinschlagartiger beanspruchung und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3740817A1 (de) * 1987-12-02 1989-06-15 Josef Hartmann Druckstrahlvorrichtung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3509086A (en) * 1967-06-30 1970-04-28 Du Pont Epoxy acrylic sealer compositions
US4239808A (en) * 1979-06-13 1980-12-16 The General Tire & Rubber Company In-mold coating of sheet molding compound moldings
EP0434633A1 (fr) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-26 FIAT AUTO S.p.A. Méthode pour le contrôle des caractéristiques de couches de revement, en particuliÀ¨rement de couches de peinture sur des métaux
US5750878A (en) * 1996-02-05 1998-05-12 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Removable reference plate

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6422071B1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2002-07-23 Ventra Group, Inc. Stone pecking machine
DE10231802A1 (de) * 2002-07-15 2004-02-12 Volkswagen Ag Steinschlag-Simulationsgerät für die Prüfung der Steinschlagfestigkeit von Lackschichten
WO2014209997A1 (fr) * 2013-06-24 2014-12-31 Film Sales Tools, Inc. Simulateur portable de dégradation par impact de graviers
US9404840B2 (en) 2013-06-24 2016-08-02 Film Sales Tools, Inc. Portable gravel impact damage simulator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19982760C2 (de) 2003-04-30
DE19982760T1 (de) 2001-03-08

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