WO1999033498A2 - Adhesif utilisable dans des articles absorbants jetables - Google Patents

Adhesif utilisable dans des articles absorbants jetables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999033498A2
WO1999033498A2 PCT/US1998/027737 US9827737W WO9933498A2 WO 1999033498 A2 WO1999033498 A2 WO 1999033498A2 US 9827737 W US9827737 W US 9827737W WO 9933498 A2 WO9933498 A2 WO 9933498A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adhesive
disposable absorbent
absorbent product
film
exhibits
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/027737
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1999033498A3 (fr
Inventor
Jason K. Wehner
Thomas Kremer
Original Assignee
Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/009,111 external-priority patent/US6063981A/en
Application filed by Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. filed Critical Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Priority to DE19882921T priority Critical patent/DE19882921T1/de
Priority to KR1020007007285A priority patent/KR20010033760A/ko
Priority to AU19488/99A priority patent/AU1948899A/en
Priority to GB0017498A priority patent/GB2347628B/en
Priority to BR9814545-2A priority patent/BR9814545A/pt
Publication of WO1999033498A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999033498A2/fr
Publication of WO1999033498A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999033498A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/514—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51401—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/514—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51456—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties
    • A61F13/51458—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties being air-pervious or breathable
    • A61F13/51462—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties being air-pervious or breathable being defined by a value or parameter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/56—Supporting or fastening means
    • A61F13/5605—Supporting or fastening means specially adapted for sanitary napkins or the like
    • A61F13/5611—Supporting or fastening means specially adapted for sanitary napkins or the like using fastening strips, e.g. adhesive, on the undergarment-facing side
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/18—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing inorganic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/40—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. plant or animal extracts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/58—Adhesives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of an adhesive to prepare a disposable absorbent product intended for the absorption of liquids such as body liquids.
  • the adhesive exhibits a reduced visibility through the outer sheets of the disposable absorbent product to a wearer or user, thereby improving the aesthetics of the disposable absorbent product.
  • Disposable absorbent products currently find widespread use in many applications. For example, in the infant and child care areas, diapers and training pants have generally replaced reusable cloth absorbent articles.
  • Other typical disposable absorbent products include feminine care products such as sanitary napkins or tampons, adult incontinence products, and health care products such as surgical drapes or wound dressings.
  • a typical disposable absorbent product generally comprises a composite structure including a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent structure between the topsheet and backsheet. These disposable absorbent products, when appropriate, usually include some type of fastening system for fitting the product onto the wearer. Adhesives, often referred to as construction adhesives, are generally used to join the different parts of the disposable absorbent product together.
  • topsheet and backsheet materials are generally desired to appear opaque or white in color.
  • One known method of achieving such opacity or whiteness of topsheet or backsheet material is to incorporate a pigment, such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), into the formulation used to prepare the topsheet or backsheet material.
  • TiO 2 titanium dioxide
  • the incorporation of such pigments is generally undesirable to the manufacturer due to the additional cost incurred by the use of such pigments.
  • Backsheets often used in disposable absorbent products are generally prepared from liquid-impermeable materials which function to contain liquids, such as water, urine, menses, or blood, within the absorbent core of the disposable absorbent product and to protect a wearer's outer garments from soiling.
  • impermeable backsheets are sometimes perceived by the wearer as causing the disposable absorbent product to be hot and uncomfortable.
  • the impermeability of such backsheets generally precludes the self-drying of the disposable absorbent product which would otherwise occur because of evaporation of the liquids contained therein.
  • Breathable nonwoven materials have therefore been developed and employed in disposable absorbent products to improve the overall performance of such disposable absorbent products.
  • Such breathable materials are generally impermeable to liquid but are permeable to vapor.
  • Breathable backsheets generally provide a cooler disposable absorbent product and permit some self-drying of the disposable absorbent product while it is being worn. As indicated, such breathable backsheets are intended to allow for the passage of vapor through them while retarding the passage of liquid.
  • An example of a breathable material useful as a backsheet in a disposable absorbent product is a breathable film comprising a polyolefin resin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene, and an inorganic filler, such as calcium carbonate.
  • the inorganic filler When the film is stretched during processing, the inorganic filler generally causes a network of holes to be formed in the film. Such holes are generally small enough to prevent the passage of a liquid, but are generally large enough to allow vapor to pass through the holes. Such holes have also, in certain instances, been found to provide a secondary benefit of providing a whiteness or opacity to the film material by scattering light in the same manner as solid pigment particles, thereby eliminating the need for the use of pigments in the film material.
  • breathable films not including any pigments
  • typical construction adhesives a problem sometimes referred to as adhesive staining is generally encountered, wherein the applied adhesive pattern, such as lines or swirls, is visible through the breathable film.
  • adhesive staining is undesirable in that it generally negatively affects the aesthetics and consumer-perceived quality of the disposable absorbent product.
  • adhesive staining might be controlled by using pigments or a higher basis weight breathable film, the use of such pigments or higher basis weight film adds additional costs to the manufacturing of the disposable absorbent product.
  • the present invention concerns an adhesive that is useful in preparing a disposable absorbent product.
  • the adhesive exhibits a reduced visibility through the outer sheets of the disposable absorbent product to a wearer or user, thereby improving the aesthetics of the disposable absorbent product.
  • One aspect of the present invention concerns an adhesive that exhibits desirable rheological properties that are suitable for achieving desirable aesthetic properties in a disposable absorbent product.
  • One embodiment of such an adhesive is an adhesive that exhibits a storage modulus greater than about 1 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter across the temperature range of about 0°F to about 130°F.
  • the present invention concerns the use of an adhesive that exhibits a storage modulus greater than about 1 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter across the temperature range of about 0°F to about 130°F to prepare a disposable absorbent product.
  • the present invention concerns a disposable absorbent product comprising a topsheet, a backsheet attached to the topsheet, an absorbent structure positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet, and an adhesive that exhibits desirable rheological properties that are suitable for achieving desirable aesthetic properties in the disposable absorbent product.
  • Fig. 1 is a graph of the storage modulus values of a variety of adhesive samples.
  • the present invention is directed to the use of an adhesive to prepare a disposable absorbent product such that the disposable absorbent product exhibits desirable aesthetic properties.
  • the adhesive it is desired that the adhesive not be visible through the outer sheets of the disposable absorbent product.
  • the adhesive it has been discovered as part of the research work that led to the present invention that the adhesive needs to exhibit specific rheological properties.
  • Adhesives useful in the present invention may generally be of any known type, such as a thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive or a reactive adhesive.
  • a thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive includes a synthetic, olefin-based adhesive with a micro-crystalline wax, available from the National Starch and Chemical Company under the trade designation 70-4741.
  • a description of compositions of hot-melt adhesives can be found, for example, in "CRC Elastomer Technology Handbook", edited by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff (CRC Press, 1993), Chapter 24, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Examples of reactive adhesives include crosslinked amine-epoxide compounds or moisture-cured polyurethanes. The chemistry of such reactive adhesives is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the adhesive according to the present invention is suited for use in disposable absorbent products, such as diapers, adult incontinent products, and bed pads; in catamenial devices, such as sanitary napkins, and tampons; and in other absorbent products, such as wipes, bibs, wound dressings, and surgical capes or drapes, which are used to absorb a liquid, such as water, saline, synthetic urine, and body liquids, such as urine, menses, and blood. Accordingly, in another aspect, the present invention relates to a disposable absorbent product comprising the adhesive as described herein.
  • a disposable absorbent product comprises a liquid-permeable topsheet, a backsheet attached to the topsheet, an absorbent structure positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet, and an adhesive exhibiting the rheological properties described herein, wherein the disposable absorbent product exhibits desired aesthetic properties.
  • the adhesive may be used to attach the topsheet to the backsheet.
  • the adhesive may be used to adhere either the topsheet or the backsheet to other components of the disposable absorbent product, such as tissue layers, leg flaps, fastening ears, tapes, or tabs, or other components typically used to construct a disposable absorbent product that are well known to one skilled in the art.
  • topsheet and backsheet materials suitable for use as the topsheet and backsheet.
  • materials suitable for use as the topsheet are liquid-permeable materials, such as spunbonded polypropylene or polyethylene having a basis weight of from about 15 to about 25 grams per square meter.
  • materials suitable for use as the backsheet are liquid-impervious materials, such as polyolefin films, as well as vapor-pervious materials, such as microporous polyolefin films, sometimes referred to as breathable films.
  • the adhesive is contacted with a breathable film.
  • the adhesive is contacted with a breathable film/nonwoven laminate.
  • a material such as a film, will be considered to be "breathable” if such material exhibits a Water Vapor Transmission Rate of at least about 100 g/m 2 /24 hours as determined according to the Test Method described below in connection with the examples.
  • a particularly desirable breathable film generally comprises two basic components, the first being a polyolefin polymer such as a linear low density polyethylene and the second being a filler.
  • a third component being a bonding or tackifying agent, may also be used.
  • These components are mixed together, heated and then extruded into a film layer using any one of a variety of film-producing processes known to those of ordinary skill in the film art including casting and blowing.
  • Other additives and ingredients may be added to the film layer provided they do not seriously interfere with the ability of the film to breath and, if desired, to thermally bond with a fibrous polyolefin nonwoven web.
  • the film layer will include from about 10 to about 90 weight percent of a thermoplastic polyolefin polymer or polymers and from about 10 to about 90 weight percent filler.
  • Linear low density polyethylene has been found to work quite well as the polyolefin used to prepare the breathable film. However, it is believed that any predominately linear polyolefin polymer can be used with the present invention.
  • linear low density polyethylene is meant to include polymers of ethylene and higher alpha olefin comonomers such as C 3 - C 12 and combinations thereof.
  • predominately linear it is meant that the main polymer chain is linear with less than approximately 5 long chain branches per 1000 ethylene units. Long chain branches would include carbon chains greater than C 12 .
  • predominately linear polyolefin polymers that are nonelastic, short chain branching (C 3 - C 12 ) due to comonomer inclusion will typically be limited to less than 20 short chains per 1000 ethylene units and 20 or greater for polymers which are elastomeric.
  • Examples of predominately linear polyolefin polymers include, but are not limited to, linear polyolefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-pentene, 1- hexane, 1-octene and higher olefins as well as copolymers of the foregoing.
  • copolymers of ethylene and other olefins including pentene, hexane, heptene, octene, and decene would also be examples of predominately linear thermoplastic polymers.
  • the film layer also includes a filler.
  • a filler is meant to include particulates and other forms of materials which can be added to the film polymer extrusion blend and which will not chemically interfere with or adversely affect the extruded film but which are able to be uniformly dispersed throughout the film.
  • the fillers will be in particulate form and usually will have somewhat of a spherical shape with average particle sizes in the range of about 0.1 to about 7 microns.
  • organic and inorganic fillers are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention provided that they do not interfere with the film formation process, the breathability of the resultant film or, if desired, its ability to thermally bond to a fibrous polyolefin nonwoven web.
  • fillers include calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), various kinds of clay, silica (SiO 2 ), alumina, barium sulfate, sodium carbonate, talc, magnesium sulfate, titanium dioxide, zeolites, aluminum sulfate, cellulose-type powders, diatomaceous earth, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, kaolin, mica, carbon, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, pulp powder, wood powder, cellulose derivatives, chitin and chitin derivatives. If a bonding agent or tackifying agent is used, its purpose is to permit bonding of the film layer to a nonwoven layer.
  • bonding agents include, but are not limited to, polyamides, ethylene copolymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene ethyl acrylate, ethylene acrylic acid, ethylene methyl acrylate and ethylene normal-butyl acrylate, wood rosin and its derivatives, hydrocarbon resins, polyterpene resins, atactic polypropylene and amorphous polypropylene.
  • predominately amorphous ethylene propylene copolymers commonly known as ethylene-propylene rubber and a class of materials referred to as toughened polypropylene and olefmic thermoplastic polymers where ethylene-propylene rubber is mechanically dispersed or molecularly dispersed via in-reactor multistage polymerization in polypropylene or polypropylene/polyethylene blends.
  • any bonding agent which: is blendable with the other film and/or fiber polymers; is capable of permitting the bonding of the film layer to a nonwoven layer at temperatures at least 5°C lower than the melting temperature of the primary polyolefin polymer component of the film blend; and, is capable of creating a bond between the layers which requires at least a 5 gram load to separate the layers, is considered to be a bonding agent for purposes of the present invention.
  • the bonding agent will comprise from about 2 to about 20 percent of the total weight of the film. While weight percentages outside this range can be used, at higher percentages the breathability of the film becomes compromised which, for disposable absorbent products, is generally not desirable.
  • the breathable films may be formed using any one of the conventional processes known to those familiar with film formation.
  • the polyolefin polymer, filler and, if used, the bonding agent are mixed in appropriate proportions given the ranges outlined above and then heated and extruded into a film.
  • the filler should be uniformly dispersed throughout the polymer blend and, consequently, throughout the film itself.
  • the film will have a weight per unit area of less than about 100 grams per square meter and after stretching and thinning its weight per unit area will be less than about 35 grams per square meter and more desirably less than about 18 grams per square meter.
  • the film used may be a blown film although other types of films are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention provided the forming technique is compatible with filled films.
  • the film as initially formed is generally too thick and too noisy as it tends to make a "rattling" sound when shaken and the film does not yet have a sufficient degree of breathability as measured by its water vapor transmission rate. Consequently, the film is heated to a temperature at least about 5°C less than the melting point of the polyolefin polymer used to prepare the film and then stretched to at least about 2.5 times its original length to thin the film and make it porous. More desirably, the temperature to which the film is heated during stretching is also less than the softening point of the bonding agent. For some bonding agents the softening point is given as a range. As a result, "heating below the softening point" would be at a temperature lower than the highest temperature given in the range.
  • An additional feature of the thinning process is the change in opacity of the film.
  • the film As formed, the film is relatively transparent but after stretching, it often becomes opaque. In addition, while the film becomes oriented during the stretching process, it also becomes softer and it does not have the degree of "rattle" that it does prior to stretching. Taking all these factors into consideration, and the desire to have a water vapor transmission rate of at least 100 grams per square meter per 24 hours, the film should be thinned to such an extent that it has a weight per unit area of less than about 35 grams per square meter for disposable absorbent product applications and more desirably less than about 18 grams per square meter.
  • a fibrous nonwoven layer may be made from polyolefin fibers such as polypropylene but other polyolefin fibers can be used too. Blends or mixtures of fibers are also possible including different polyolefin fibers and blends of polyolefin and non- polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene sheath/polypropylene core bicomponent fibers and polyester fibers. Natural fibers also may be included in the fibrous nonwoven web. Specific fiber types include single component fibers and multicomponent fibers such as side-by-side, sheath/core and islands-in-the-sea bicomponent fibers. The fibers may be straight or crimped, hollow or solid.
  • Fiber lengths may be short as with staple fibers or long as with spunbond and meltblown fibers. Fiber thicknesses will depend upon the desired properties. Narrow fibers will produce a softer nonwoven web while thicker fibers will provide more strength and resilience. Alternatively, blends of fiber diameters can be used. For disposable absorbent product applications, fiber diameters will typically range between about 1 and about 5 denier.
  • a "polyolefin-based fibrous nonwoven web” and a “fibrous polyolefin nonwoven web” collectively refer to a fibrous nonwoven web wherein at least about 50% of the surface area of the fibers in the web constitute a polyolefin.
  • nonwoven web forming processes can be used with the present invention. Examples include, but are not limited to, air and wet laying, staple fiber carding and bonding, solution spinning, meltblowing and spunbonding processes. All of the foregoing processes are well known to those having ordinary skill in the art.
  • Spunbonded polypropylene webs work particularly well with the present invention. Spunbond materials are made by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments through a plurality of capillaries in a spinneret with the diameter of the extruded filaments then being reduced by, for example, eductive drawing or other well known spunbonding mechanisms.
  • the fibrous nonwoven web layer Once the fibrous nonwoven web layer has been formed it can be prebonded for added strength and integrity. Bond densities between about 100 and 300 bond points per square inch can be used with the specific density being dependent upon the size of the individual bond points.
  • Bond densities between about 100 and 300 bond points per square inch can be used with the specific density being dependent upon the size of the individual bond points.
  • the film layer and the fibrous polyolefin nonwoven layer are brought into contact with one another and then are thermally bonded together using a bonding means.
  • the film will have been extruded, stretched and thinned and then wound up on a roll prior to being incorporated into the composite.
  • the film can be wound on a roll in an unstretched state and then stretched and thinned as it is fed into the process.
  • the film can be formed and stretched in line.
  • the fibrous nonwoven web also can be preformed and unwound from a supply roll into the bonding process. Alternatively, it too can be formed in line. If the film and nonwoven web are fed into the bonder at the same speed, a composite will be formed that will be relatively two-dimensional. Alternatively, the composite can be caused to retract thereby producing an undulating, thicker, more three-dimensional structure. One way of causing this retraction is to place one of the two layers under tension during the bonding process as by speeding up and/or braking one of the layers so that it is temporarily stretched or expanded. Once the bonding has been completed, the stretching or braking forces are removed and the composite retracts thereby causing the undulations.
  • Thermal bonding of the two layers together can be accomplished by at least two methods. The first is using heat and pressure as with heated, patterned bonding rolls. Both rolls may be patterned or one may be patterned and the other may be smooth. One or both of the rolls may be heated or a secondary heat source may be used. If conditions dictate, one of the rolls may be cooled.
  • the heat should be adjusted so that the bonding agent in the film becomes tacky to bond the two layers together while still maintaining the temperature at least about 5°C cooler than the melting point of the primary polyolefin polymer in the film.
  • primary it is meant the polyolefin polymer having the highest weight percent of the total weight of the film if there is more than one polyolefin polymer in the film polymer blend.
  • Bond patterns and area may be varied depending upon the particular end-use. Suitable bond patterns can include point bonds, continuous lines, decorative patterns and combinations of the foregoing. Bond area will depend upon the degree of lamination desired. For disposable absorbent product applications, bonding should be sufficient to require at least a 5 gram load to deiaminate the two layers.
  • the second method of bonding is ultrasonic bonding which also is well known to those having ordinary skill in the art.
  • the anvil roll can be designed with any of the bond patterns described above.
  • An absorbent structure is typically present in a disposable absorbent product in the form of a fibrous matrix comprising a hydrogel-forming polymeric material, commonly referred to as a superabsorbent material.
  • a fibrous matrix may take the form of, for example, a batt of comminuted wood pulp fluff, a tissue layer, a hydroentangled pulp sheet, or a mechanically softened pulp sheet.
  • the fibrous matrix is formed so as to constrain or entrap the hydrogel-forming polymeric material within, or onto, its structure.
  • the hydrogel-forming polymeric material may be incorporated into or onto the fibrous matrix either during or after the formation of the general form of the fibrous matrix.
  • a fibrous matrix useful in the present invention may be formed by an air-laying process or a wet-laid process, or by essentially any other process known to those skilled in the art for forming a fibrous matrix.
  • Disposable absorbent products and structures according to all aspects of the present invention are generally subjected, during use, to multiple insults of a body liquid. Accordingly, the disposable absorbent products are desirably capable of absorbing multiple insults of body liquids in quantities to which the disposable absorbent products will be exposed during use. The insults are generally separated from one another by a period of time.
  • frontsheets or backsheets and particularly microporous polyolefin films such as breathable films
  • adhesive staining of frontsheets or backsheets is generally a result of two independent mechanisms.
  • a second mechanism results from a change in light-reflecting properties at the adhesive-substrate interface, causing more light to refract through the substrate instead of reflecting off the surface of the frontsheet or backsheet substrate.
  • Materials containing whitening pigments such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), generally appear white as a result of the high refractive index of the pigment in comparison to the material to which the pigment has been added.
  • Microporous polyolefin films that comprise an inorganic filler but which don't comprise a pigment in their formulation may also appear white as a result of the air gaps within and at the surface of the microporous polyolefin films.
  • a polyethylene film comprising calcium carbonate particles as an inorganic filler generally appears translucent when the polyethylene film is unstretched because the calcium carbonate and the polyethylene exhibit similar refractive indices (each of about 1.5).
  • air gaps are formed by the edges of the calcium carbonate within the film and at the film surface.
  • air gaps within the film generally provide a phase with a refractive index that is sufficiently different from the polyethylene film to result in the reflection of light, and, at the film surface cause a general roughening, both of which give the microporous film a generally white appearance.
  • an adhesive is applied to a substrate such as a microporous polyolefin film, such application of the adhesive may affect the aesthetic appearance of the microporous polyolefin film.
  • n r sm(z ' ) — n ,
  • Angle (i) is then referred to as the critical angle, C, and may be expressed in terms of the refractive index of both the adhesive (n Adhes ⁇ ve ) and the film substrate (n Fl
  • Total reflection results when the critical angle is exceeded, resulting in a white appearance of the film substrate.
  • Light is refracted through the film substrate when striking the film substrate-adhesive interface at angles less than the critical angle, resulting in the visibility of adhesive application patterns. Since the refractive index of both the adhesive and film substrate will generally be similar, the critical angle is relatively large, and the majority of incoming light is refracted through the film substrate, allowing the film substrate to appear translucent.
  • the sine of the critical angle would decrease, allowing the critical angle to also decrease.
  • the angle of a majority of incoming light is greater than the critical angle, resulting in reflection of a majority of incoming light.
  • film substrates with such a high refractive index are generally not available or, if available, would generally not be economical to use in most disposable absorbent products.
  • the addition of pigments to the film formulation would also increase the reflection of light, but would generally increase the cost and complexity of processing such a film formulation.
  • a solution to the problem of adhesive staining was discovered by applying basic fundamentals of light reflection and refraction to modify the interface between the adhesive and a sheet substrate, such as a microporous polyolefin film, in a way that increases light reflection and reduces light refraction.
  • adhesive staining of a microporous polyolefin film is generally caused by a substantially intimate contact of the microporous polyolefin film with the adhesive, resulting for example by the wetting out of the adhesive onto the microporous polyolefin film. In such a situation, relatively few or no air gaps will exist between the interface of the microporous polyolefin film with the adhesive.
  • the absence of air gaps at the interface of the microporous polyolefin film with the adhesive allows for the refraction of more light through the microporous polyolefin film and less back to an observer.
  • the interface of a microporous polyolefin film with an adhesive, and the existence or absence of air gaps, may generally be determined by any of several analytical methods, such as with scanning electron microscopy.
  • adhesive staining of a microporous polyolefin film may generally be avoided by using an adhesive that does not achieve a substantially intimate contact with the microporous polyolefin film substrate.
  • the adhesive in order for an adhesive to substantially resist the optical staining of a substrate, such as a microporous polyolefin film, the adhesive must exhibit controlled wet-out properties that limit the intimate contact between the adhesive and the substrate.
  • the adhesive must be highly resistant to flow in the temperature range in which disposable absorbent products are commonly stored or used, which is typically in the temperature range of between about 0°F to about 130°F (about -18°C to about 54°C).
  • a resistance to flow may be quantified by the adhesive exhibiting a storage modulus (G') that is sufficiently high to substantially resist flow within the temperature range of between about 0°F to about 130°F (about -18°C to about 54°C).
  • the storage modulus of a material is a coefficient of elasticity representing the ratio of stress to strain as the material is deformed under a dynamic load.
  • the storage modulus of a material generally is a measure of the softness or stiffness of the material.
  • the storage modulus of a material may be determined according to test methods well known to those skilled in the art. As reported or used herein in the present specification, examples, and claims, the Storage Modulus value for an adhesive sample is reported as measured according to ASTM Test Method D 4440 - 95a, "Standard Practice for Rheological Measurement of Polymer Melts Using Dynamic Mechanical Procedures", hereby incorporated herein in its entirety.
  • the adhesive useful in the present invention exhibit a Storage Modulus value, at about 80°F (about 27°C), that is beneficially greater than about 3 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter, more beneficially greater than about 5 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter, suitably greater than about 7 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter, more suitably greater than about 1 x 10 7 dynes per square centimeter, and up to about 1 x 10 10 dynes per square centimeter.
  • the adhesive exhibit a Storage Modulus value, across the temperature range of about 70°F to about 90°F (about 21 °C to about 32°C), that is beneficially greater than about 3 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter, more beneficially greater than about 5 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter, suitably greater than about 7 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter, more suitably greater than about 1 x 10 7 dynes per square centimeter, and up to about 1 x 10 10 dynes per square centimeter.
  • the adhesive exhibit a Storage Modulus value, across the temperature range of about 0°F to about 130°F (about -18°C to about 54°C), that is beneficially greater than about 1 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter, more beneficially greater than about 3 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter, even more beneficially greater than about 5 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter suitably greater than about 7 x 10 6 dynes per square centimeter, more suitably greater than about 1 x 10 7 dynes per square centimeter, and up to about 1 x 10 10 dynes per square centimeter.
  • the adhesive useful in the present invention exhibit a melting or softening temperature within a range that is typically encountered in most process applications for preparing or manufacturing disposable absorbent products. In general, it is desired that the adhesive exhibit a melting or softening temperature that is low enough to prevent thermal degradation of a substrate to which the adhesive is being applied. As such, it is generally desired that the Softening Temperature value of an adhesive useful in the present invention beneficially be between about 50°F to about 350°F, more beneficially be between about 75°F to about 325°F, and suitably be between about 100°F to about 300°F.
  • the Softening Temperature value for an adhesive sample is reported as measured according to ASTM Test Method D 36 - 86 (Reapproved 1989), "Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)", hereby incorporated herein in its entirety. It is generally desired that the adhesive be present in a disposable absorbent product in an amount effective to result in the disposable absorbent product exhibiting desired properties. If the adhesive is present in a disposable absorbent product in too small of an amount, the disposable absorbent product will generally exhibit poor integrity or tensile strength.
  • the adhesive is present in a disposable absorbent product in too large of an amount, the disposable absorbent product may more readily exhibit adhesive staining, more readily exhibit heat degradation of a topsheet or backsheet substrate, or be more expensive to manufacture due to the use of an amount of the adhesive that is greater than is really needed.
  • the adhesive will be applied to a substrate, such as a breathable film, in an amount that is beneficially between about 0.5 gram to about 10 grams, more beneficially between about 1 gram to about 8 grams, and suitably between about 2 grams to about 6 grams per square meter of applied surface area of the adhesive.
  • a substrate such as a breathable film
  • Adhesive Staining value at a temperature of about 73°F (about 23°C) that is beneficially less than about 175, more beneficially less than about 100, suitably less than about 50, more suitably less than about 25, and even more suitably less than about 10.
  • a substrate such as a breathable film
  • an adhesive of the present invention when contacted with an adhesive of the present invention, exhibits an Adhesive Staining value, at a temperature of about 130°F (about 54°C) that is beneficially less than about 500, more beneficially less than about 250, suitably less than about 175, more suitably less than about 100, and even more suitably less than about 50.
  • the Adhesive Staining value for a sample is the total area under the intensity profile exhibited by the substrate and adhesive sample and as determined by the Test Method described below in connection with the examples.
  • the sample was stored for 30 days at a specified temperature, such as at about 73°F (about 23°C) or at about 130°F (about 54°C).
  • the substrate sample was placed over a black background.
  • a digital image of the sample was acquired using a flat bed scanner, available from the Hewlett-Packard Company, of Palo Alto, California, under the designation ScanJet 4C flat bed scanner, in combination with a computer with suitable software, available from Hewlett-Packard Company, of Palo Alto, California, under the designation DeskScan II software, version 2.0.
  • the digital image was run through a filter software program, available from Corel Corporation, of Orem, Utah, under the designation Photo-Paint software, version 5.00. F4, where the brightness, contrast, and intensity were adjusted (using settings of -68, 100, and 41 respectively) to amplify the visibility of any adhesive staining.
  • An intensity profile was generated with the use of an image analysis software program, available from Keystone Automation Inc., of Lake Elmo, Minnesota, under the designation Eye Image Calculator software, version 2.0 for Windows95TM.
  • the intensity (whiteness) of a sample was measured over a line drawn through the sample in the cross direction.
  • the line is 445 pixels in length, and the maximum pixel intensity (saturated white) is 255 and the minimum pixel intensity (saturated black) is 0.
  • pixel intensity is a unitless number.
  • the magnitude of adhesive staining is quantified by subtracting the intensity of each pixel from 255. For example, a pure white pixel will have a value of 0 and a pure black pixel will have a value of 255.
  • the total area under the intensity profile (magnitude of staining) is obtained by summing the values for all pixels in the line.
  • lower values of the total area under the intensity profile and the average intensity across the sample represent lower adhesive staining.
  • the Adhesive Staining value for a sample is the total area under the intensity profile exhibited by the sample and as determined by this test method.
  • the Water Vapor Transmission Rate value in grams of water vapor transmitted per square meter of material per 24 hours, for a sample material was calculated in accordance with ASTM Standard E96-80. Circular samples measuring three inches in diameter were cut from each of the test materials and a control which was a piece of CELGUARDTM 2500 film from Hoechst Celanese Corporation of Sommerville, N.J. CELGUARDTM 2500 film is a microporous polypropylene film. Five samples were prepared for each material. The test dish was a number 60-1 Vapometer pan distributed by Thwing-Albert Instrument Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  • Test WVRT (grams weight loss over 24 hours) x 315.5 g/m 2 /24 hours
  • the relative humidity within the oven was not specifically controlled.
  • the WVRT for the CELGUARDTM 2500 film was determined to be about 5000 grams per square meter of film for 24 hours. Accordingly, the control sample was run with each test and the preliminary test WVRT values were corrected to set conditions using the following equation:
  • Adhesive Sample 1 was obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company, of Bridgewater, New Jersey, under the designation 34-5610 adhesive.
  • Adhesive Sample 1 is a rubber-based hot melt adhesive which is a clear ivory solid at room temperatures, comprises about 100 weight percent solids, has a softening point of about 163°F (about 73°C), has a density of about 8.4 pounds per gallon, and exhibits a viscosity ranging from about 2,175 centipoise (mPa.s) at about 350°F (about 177°C) to about 205,000 centipoise (mPa.s) at about 200°F (about 93°C).
  • the Storage Modulus values for Adhesive Sample 1 are shown in Table 1.
  • Adhesive Sample 2 was obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company, of Bridgewater, New Jersey, under the designation 70-4741 adhesive.
  • Adhesive Sample 2 is an olefin-based hot melt adhesive with a micro-crystalline wax included to enhance processability.
  • the Storage Modulus values for Adhesive Sample 2 are shown in Table 2.
  • Adhesive Sample 3 was obtained from H. B. Fuller Company, of St. Paul, Minnesota, under the designation HL-1500-X adhesive.
  • Adhesive Sample 3 is a hot melt adhesive comprising between 10 to 30 weight percent of hydrogen oil, has a molten
  • Adhesive Sample 4 is a rubber-based hot melt adhesive.
  • the Storage Modulus values for Adhesive Sample 4 are shown in Table 4.
  • the Storage Modulus values for Adhesive Samples 1-4 are visually summarized in Figure 1.
  • a control diaper was prepared using Adhesive Sample 1 , obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company, of Bridgewater, New Jersey, under the designation 34- 5610 adhesive. This control diaper exhibited considerable adhesive staining through the breathable outer cover after preparation and viewing at room temperature [about 72°F (about 22°C)].
  • a diaper was prepared using Adhesive Sample 2, obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company, of Bridgewater, New Jersey, under the designation 70-4741 adhesive. This diaper did not exhibit any visible adhesive staining through the breathable outer cover, even after six days of storage at about 130°F (about 54°C).
  • a control diaper was prepared using Adhesive Sample 4, obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company, of Bridgewater, New Jersey, under the designation 34- 5616 adhesive. This control diaper was evaluated for adhesive staining using the Test Method described herein. This control diaper exhibited an Adhesive Staining value of about 488 at a storage temperature of about 73°F (about 23°C) and an Adhesive Staining value of about 5563 at a storage temperature of about 130°F (about 54°C).
  • a diaper was prepared using Adhesive Sample 2, obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company, of Bridgewater, New Jersey, under the designation 70-4741 adhesive. This diaper was evaluated for adhesive staining using the Test Method described herein. This diaper exhibited an Adhesive Staining value of about 7 at a storage temperature of about 73°F (about 23°C) and an Adhesive Staining value of about 421 at a storage temperature of about 130°F (about 54°C).

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention a trait à l'emploi d'un adhésif permettant de mettre au point un article absorbant spécifique de liquides tels que des liquides organiques. Il est normalement souhaitable que cet adhésif fasse montre d'un module de conservation supérieur à environ 1 x 106 dynes par centimètre carré et ce, dans la totalité de la plage des températures comprises entre 0 et 130 °F. L'utilisation de cet adhésif permet d'améliorer l'aspect esthétique de l'article absorbant jetable dans la mesure où il est invisible depuis les feuilles extérieures, les films imper-respirants, notamment.
PCT/US1998/027737 1997-12-31 1998-12-28 Adhesif utilisable dans des articles absorbants jetables WO1999033498A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19882921T DE19882921T1 (de) 1997-12-31 1998-12-28 Klebstoff für die Verwendung in wegwerfbaren Absorbensprodukten
KR1020007007285A KR20010033760A (ko) 1997-12-31 1998-12-28 일회용 흡수 용품에 사용하기 위한 접착제
AU19488/99A AU1948899A (en) 1997-12-31 1998-12-28 Adhesive for use in disposable absorbent products
GB0017498A GB2347628B (en) 1997-12-31 1998-12-28 Adhesive for use in disposable absorbent products
BR9814545-2A BR9814545A (pt) 1997-12-31 1998-12-28 Adesivo para utilização em produtos absorventes descartáveis

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7011097P 1997-12-31 1997-12-31
US60/070,110 1997-12-31
US09/009,111 1998-01-20
US09/009,111 US6063981A (en) 1998-01-20 1998-01-20 Adhesive for use in disaposable absorbent products

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999033498A2 true WO1999033498A2 (fr) 1999-07-08
WO1999033498A3 WO1999033498A3 (fr) 1999-09-16

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KR (1) KR20010033760A (fr)
AU (1) AU1948899A (fr)
BR (1) BR9814545A (fr)
DE (1) DE19882921T1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2347628B (fr)
WO (1) WO1999033498A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1025864A2 (fr) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-09 Nitto Denko Corporation Ruban ou feuille adhésive à usage médical et pansement adhésif de premiers soins
US6797365B2 (en) 2002-04-08 2004-09-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Laminate having differential bond strengths and absorbent article made therefrom

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0296787A1 (fr) * 1987-06-22 1988-12-28 JOHNSON & JOHNSON MEDICAL, INC. Pansement adhésif absorbant
WO1994026834A1 (fr) * 1993-05-17 1994-11-24 Centro Ricerche Fater P & G Spa Composition adhesive
WO1995016562A1 (fr) * 1993-12-17 1995-06-22 Kimberly-Clarck Corporation Composite permeable a l'air, a base d'un film de type etoffe et d'un non tisse
WO1997004955A1 (fr) * 1995-08-01 1997-02-13 Blessings Corporation Tissu multicouche respirant et son procede de fabrication
WO1997033921A1 (fr) * 1996-03-14 1997-09-18 The Dow Chemical Company Adhesifs comportant des polymeres d'olefines
WO1998029246A1 (fr) * 1996-12-27 1998-07-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Stratifie imperrespirant de non tisse et de film elastomere comprenant un elastomere de polyethylene catalyse par metallocene et procede de production associe

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0296787A1 (fr) * 1987-06-22 1988-12-28 JOHNSON & JOHNSON MEDICAL, INC. Pansement adhésif absorbant
WO1994026834A1 (fr) * 1993-05-17 1994-11-24 Centro Ricerche Fater P & G Spa Composition adhesive
WO1995016562A1 (fr) * 1993-12-17 1995-06-22 Kimberly-Clarck Corporation Composite permeable a l'air, a base d'un film de type etoffe et d'un non tisse
WO1997004955A1 (fr) * 1995-08-01 1997-02-13 Blessings Corporation Tissu multicouche respirant et son procede de fabrication
WO1997033921A1 (fr) * 1996-03-14 1997-09-18 The Dow Chemical Company Adhesifs comportant des polymeres d'olefines
WO1998029246A1 (fr) * 1996-12-27 1998-07-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Stratifie imperrespirant de non tisse et de film elastomere comprenant un elastomere de polyethylene catalyse par metallocene et procede de production associe

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1025864A2 (fr) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-09 Nitto Denko Corporation Ruban ou feuille adhésive à usage médical et pansement adhésif de premiers soins
EP1025864A3 (fr) * 1999-01-27 2003-01-08 Nitto Denko Corporation Ruban ou feuille adhésive à usage médical et pansement adhésif de premiers soins
US6805961B1 (en) 1999-01-27 2004-10-19 Nitto Denko Corporation Medical adhesive tape or sheet, and first-aid adhesive tape
US6797365B2 (en) 2002-04-08 2004-09-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Laminate having differential bond strengths and absorbent article made therefrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19882921T1 (de) 2001-02-01
WO1999033498A3 (fr) 1999-09-16
GB2347628B (en) 2003-01-22
GB0017498D0 (en) 2000-08-30
BR9814545A (pt) 2001-10-16
KR20010033760A (ko) 2001-04-25
AU1948899A (en) 1999-07-19
GB2347628A (en) 2000-09-13

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