WO1999025957A1

WO1999025957A1 - Gas and steam turbine facility and a method for operating such a facility

Info

Publication number: WO1999025957A1
Application number: PCT/DE1998/003392
Authority: WO
Inventors: Volker Leiste; Winfried Ganzer; Erich Schmid
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 1997-11-17
Filing date: 1998-11-17
Publication date: 1999-05-27
Also published as: AU1868799A

Abstract

The invention relates to a gas and steam turbine facility (2) with a number of waste heat steam generators (28, 30) which are connected in series on the flue gas side of a gas turbine (4). The heating surfaces of said steam generators are connected to the water-steam circuit (24) of a steam turbine (20). The inventive facility should guarantee an especially high reliability during the production of processed steam (P) with an especially low technical expenditure. To this end, a gas turbine combustor (98, 100) is provided for each waste heat steam generator (28, 30).

Description

description

Gas and steam turbine plant and method for operating such a plant

The invention relates to a gas and steam turbine system with a number of waste heat steam generators connected downstream of a gas turbine on the flue gas side, the heating surfaces of which are each connected to the water-steam circuit of a steam turbine. It further relates to a method for operating a gas and steam turbine plant.

In a gas and steam turbine system, the heat contained in the relaxed working medium (flue gas) from the gas turbine is used to generate steam as useful steam for the steam turbine or as process steam for a connected industrial process. The heat transfer usually takes place in a waste heat steam generator connected downstream of the gas turbine, in which heating surfaces are arranged in the form of tubes or tube bundles. A single heat generator or a plurality of heat recovery steam generators can be provided. These in turn are connected to the steam turbine water-steam cycle. The water-steam cycle usually comprises several, for example two, pressure stages, each pressure stage having a preheating and an evaporator heating surface. In order to decouple the process steam, a steam discharge line can be connected at a suitable point.

The useful steam generated in the waste heat steam generator is fed to the steam turbine, where it relaxes while performing work. The steam turbine can include a number of pressure stages, the number and design of which are adapted to the design of the heat recovery steam generator. The steam expanded in the steam turbine is usually fed to a condenser and condenses there. The condensation of the

Steam generated condensate is the heat recovery steam generator newly supplied as feed water, so that a closed What ^¬ ser-steam cycle is created.

A plant in which the extraction of process steam is provided for a process, for example a chemical process, can also have a gas turbine in combination with a steam turbine. In such a system, however, the essential design criterion to be taken into account is that the process steam production during operation of the connected process always exceeds a predefinable setpoint value even under varying load conditions. However, there is generally no sufficient waste heat output from the gas turbine. For this reason, additional heating of the waste heat boiler by duct burners can be provided.

Since such duct burners are limited in their capacity when installed in uncooled ducts, a plurality of separately fired replacement process steam boilers is usually provided for a particularly safe or sufficient process steam production. These are started up in the event of a fault in the gas turbine and the associated failure of the waste heat steam generator in order to ensure the necessary supply of process steam. When this replacement process steam boiler is activated, however, there is a significant drop in process steam production due to the thermal inertia. Because it takes a comparatively long time, for example up to 10 minutes, until the replacement process steam boilers have reached a sufficient performance level and the process steam production again reaches or exceeds the predetermined setpoint. In addition, the installation of the replacement process steam boiler is particularly complex.

The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a gas and steam turbine installation of the type mentioned above, in which particularly high reliability and a large performance range in the production of the process steam are ensured with particularly low technical outlay. moreover a particularly suitable method for operating such a system is to be specified.

With regard to the gas and steam turbine plant, this object is achieved according to the invention in that each heat recovery steam generator is provided with a combustion chamber.

The invention is based on the consideration that the gas and steam turbine system can be provided with particularly little technical effort if adequate production of the process steam is ensured even if the replacement process steam boiler is dispensed with. This is possible by designing the waste heat boiler or boilers in such a way that they are suitable for generating a sufficient amount of process steam even if the gas turbine fails. For this purpose, each heat recovery steam generator is assigned a combustion chamber which, in the manner of additional firing, can be switched on in addition to heating the heat recovery steam generator via the flue gas from the gas turbine. In this case, the additional firing systems in the respective combustion chambers can be designed in such a way that they ensure, for example, 70% of a predetermined target value for process steam production.

The arrangement of the combustion chambers on the flue gas side after the gas turbine and upstream of the heat recovery steam generators enables the combustion chambers to be used for process steam production even in the event of a fault in the gas turbine. In the event of a fault in the gas turbine, adequate process steam production is then ensured even in a particularly short time. Because with regard to process steam production, there is no need to switch from the waste heat steam generator to a (non-preheated) replacement process steam boiler. A slump in process steam production therefore only takes place to a particularly small extent.

In order to ensure a particularly safe production of process steam, it proves to be particularly favorable if a combustion chamber is added to a plurality of heat recovery steam generators. is arranged. Because then, in the event of a failure of a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber can ensure a predetermined setpoint of the process steam production. In this case, a first heat recovery steam generator is advantageously connected in parallel to a second heat recovery steam generator both on the flue gas side and on the water vapor side.

The combustion chamber of each heat recovery steam generator can advantageously be bypassed via a bypass line on the flue gas side. Then the respective heat recovery steam generator can be operated with or without additional firing. This enables particularly flexible operation of the gas and steam turbine system.

The or each waste heat boiler can be designed as a once-through steam generator. However, in order to keep the drop in process steam production particularly low in the event of a gas turbine malfunction, each heat recovery steam generator advantageously has an evaporator heating surface in the manner of a circulation steam generator, which forms a circulation with an associated water-steam drum. For in the drum boilers a certain energy ^¬ stored volume during operation of the combined cycle power plant. This is the failure of the gas turbine to ^¬ closest to generate steam used and can thus the transition time to reach the required Brennerlei cover ^¬ stung. In this way, a particularly low slump in process steam production is guaranteed.

With regard to the method, the stated object is achieved according to the invention in that the combustion output of each combustion chamber is set as a function of the load state of the gas turbine in such a way that the process steam production exceeds a predefinable setpoint value regardless of the load state of the gas turbine. In other words: process steam production is always above a predetermined setpoint when the gas and steam turbine system is in operation. The amount of heat required for this is from the gas turbine and the cυ r M - ¹ P ¹ no Cπ O (Ji o Cn

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drums 52, 54 are each connected to a high-pressure superheater 64 and 66 arranged in the respective heat recovery steam generator 28 and 30, respectively. The steam line 68a of the Hochdrucküberhit ^¬ dec 64 of the heat recovery steam generator 28 joins to the steam line 68b of the high-pressure superheater 66 of the waste heat ^¬ steam generator 30 in a common steam line 68. The steam line 68a is shut off with a valve 70, the steam conduit 68b having a valve 72nd To supply useful steam N into the steam turbine, the steam line 68 opens into the steam inlet 74 of the high-pressure part 20a of the steam turbine 20. Process steam P for a connected, for example chemical, process can be removed via a steam discharge line 75.

The steam outlet 76 of the high pressure part 20a of the steam turbine 20 is connected to the steam inlet 80 of the low pressure part 20b of the steam turbine 20 via an overflow line 78. The steam outlet 82 of the low-pressure part 20b of the steam turbine 20 is connected to the main condenser 26 via a steam line 84. This is connected to the waste heat steam generators 28 and 30 via a feed water line 86, into which a feed water pump 88 and a feed water tank 90 are connected.

To supply water W, a line 92 opens into the feed water line 86. The feed water line 86 branches into a first sub-line 86 a that can be shut off with a valve 94 and into a second sub-line 86 b that can be shut off with a valve 96. The partial line 86a opens into the economizer 40 of the waste heat steam generator 28, the partial line 86b opens into the economizer 42 of the waste heat steam generator 30, so that a closed water-steam circuit 24 is created.

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PP pu Φ P- d PX P Φ 3 d 3 φ N P- • tu o φ Φ t H "-3 PX ö Ω 3 cn Ω ex px P 3 3 dd 3 φ P ^J Φ cn dd pu o tu pu P

P- tr 3 Φ tr Φ d Φ LQ φ Hl tr P P- P- Φ • Ω Ω CΛ Φ φ rt φ φ φ P Φ öd d P φ Φ rt d Φ d CΛ d P- φ tr tr CΛ

CΛ P- P -3 d tu Φ rt P Φ tr d P- O Φ PP d φ Φ d P ex Φ Φ φ PX cn d Φ P P- φ • Φ P- PPP tr d 3 pu cn • o P d P Φ tu rt P- π rt rt s: dd tr LD PJ α d φ P dtd 1 z

.VP d LD cn P d Φ σ d Φ tu 00 tr d P d- P- rt σ PX <PI 00 α Ω CΛ σ od 00 Φ o PJ d P- t 3 P LQ Φ Φ P d N dd P- Φ d Φ P PJ P- d ex d Φ ⁾ • pu rt d φ tr P LQ P tr cn rt d 3 P ¹ d CΛ tr td CΛ 3 <P> cn Φ dz P Ω Φ PX φ N Φ P- P cn rt N 0- t LQ d ¹ 3 φ oo P ^J Ϊ φ tr P tr d pu P- z SP d Φ zd rt φ P »dd P o Φ Öd pu P- φ N Ω 3 d P- I— ¹ P- 1 Φ

P ¹ _' d P- P r + Φ P- P 3 CΛ CΛ dt tu P φ cn dt P tr P ¹ PU o Φ rt P- P- rt Φ 3 Φ O Φ d Φ 3 co ex P d

Φ tr tu d LQ tr Φ <LD P ¹ cn dd Φ dd PP o Φ IV ⁾ Φ Φ

P o d rt N P- Φ 3 rt d d P ex z • ex P σ P o P- P

Φ o Ω ex * •• z P _^ P ¹ Ϊ PX Φ d tu cn d P ⁾ ex ⁾ CΛ td tr Φ. PU ex od 3 φ P> LD Φ P tr P- o 3 P d P 1 S

P P- P CΛ ex tr P- P ¹ tr P- d 3 co P CΛ P CΛ tu PO Ω Ω d ex P d P ^J Z 3 tr tu -> Ω O 1 rt 1 cn PX tr tr Ω Φ d rt

Φ 3 Φ &> P »f tr o co d g CΛ d Φ 1 .V P 1

3 CΛ P Φ P- cn CΛ 1 * _ d P- d P 1 1

1 1 P 1 to PX 1 1 LQ

co o M NJ P ¹ P ¹

Cπ o Cπ O Cπ o Cn

Additional firing within the respective heat recovery steam generator 28 or 30, for example in the manner of duct burners, can be dispensed with. In this way, such a system can be created with particularly little technical effort. The space requirement of the heat recovery steam generator 28 or 30 is also particularly small in this way. The gas and Dampftur ^¬ binenanlage 2 requires no additional process steam boiler to secure the process steam production. This is ensured by the combustion chambers 98 and 100, respectively.

Claims

claims

1. Gas and steam turbine system (2) with a number of waste heat steam generators (28, 30) connected downstream from a gas turbine (4) on the flue gas side, the heating surfaces of which are each in the

Water-steam circuit (24) of a steam turbine (20) are connected, each heat recovery steam generator (28, 30) being provided with a combustion chamber (98, 100).

2. Gas and steam turbine system (2) according to claim 1, in which a first heat recovery steam generator (28) is connected to a second heat recovery steam generator (30) both on the flue gas side and on the steam side.

3. Gas and steam turbine system (2) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the combustion chamber (98, 100) of each heat recovery steam generator (28, 30) can be bypassed on the flue gas side in each case via a bypass line (102, 104).

4. Gas and steam turbine system (2) according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which each heat recovery steam generator (28, 30) in the manner of a circulation steam generator has an evaporator heating surface (56, 58) which with a water, steam, respectively assigned to it Drum (52, 54) forms a revolution.

5. A method for operating a gas and steam turbine system (2) according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which in addition to useful steam (N) for the steam turbine (20) process steam (P) is generated for a connected process, the fire performance of each combustion chamber (98, 100) depending on the

The load state of the gas turbine (4) is set in such a way that the production of the process steam (P) exceeds a predeterminable target value, regardless of the load state of the gas turbine (4).