EP0981014B1 - Power plant and process for starting and for purification of its water-steam cycle - Google Patents

Power plant and process for starting and for purification of its water-steam cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0981014B1
EP0981014B1 EP98810793A EP98810793A EP0981014B1 EP 0981014 B1 EP0981014 B1 EP 0981014B1 EP 98810793 A EP98810793 A EP 98810793A EP 98810793 A EP98810793 A EP 98810793A EP 0981014 B1 EP0981014 B1 EP 0981014B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control valve
steam
water
separator
line section
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EP98810793A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0981014A1 (en
Inventor
Erhard Dr. Liebig
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Alstom SA
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Alstom Schweiz AG
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Priority to DE59807972T priority Critical patent/DE59807972D1/en
Priority to EP98810793A priority patent/EP0981014B1/en
Priority to US09/373,622 priority patent/US6155054A/en
Publication of EP0981014A1 publication Critical patent/EP0981014A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/106—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with water evaporated or preheated at different pressures in exhaust boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/486—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Steam generation and circulation system with a once-through steam generator, the at least one evaporator, a separator bottle, an expansion tank and one Feed line running to the evaporator with a feed unit from which separator bottle a Steam outlet line to a steam processing point leads away which separator bottle via a supply line is connected to the evaporator.
  • the invention is based on the object to create a steam generating plant which, if when Forced-flow boiler designed, no condensate cleaning system and no pump is needed for recirculation, and with which a start-up is combined with cleaning leaves.
  • the water container with a first press can, for example, an LP steam drum, a feed water tank or be a preheater for the system.
  • the water container with the lower, i.e. second pressure can for example the hotwell of a capacitor one of steam turbine group fed to the steam boiler system, a feed water tank or a raw water tank.
  • the procedure for operating this system during a cold start with sufficient quality of the working medium the steam-water cycle is characterized by this that the second control valve of the further line section is opened and the first, third and fourth Control valve to be closed so that the water content in the separator bottle through the further line section is drained into the second water container.
  • the procedure for operation also stands out this system for cleaning the working medium of the Steam-water cycle during a cold start with insufficient Quality of the working medium of the steam-water cycle characterized in that the third control valve in third, as a drain pipe for a large volume flow with a small pressure difference formed line section is opened and the first, second and fourth Control valve to be closed so that the water content insufficient quality in the separating bottle due to the third line section derived into the expansion tank becomes.
  • the procedure for operating the system during a warm start with sufficient quality of the working medium of the steam-water cycle, the pressure in the Separation bottle higher than the pressure in the first water container is characterized in that the first Control valve in the recirculation line section opened is closed and the second, third and fourth control valve so that the water content in the separator bottle due to the pressure difference between them and the first water tank through the recirculation pipe section in the first water container flows.
  • the procedure for operating the facility for cleaning the steam-water cycle during a warm start, Full or partial load operation with insufficient quality of the working medium of the water-steam cycle is characterized by the fact that the evaporator acts in this way that wet steam gets into the separator bottle, and that the fourth control valve in the fourth, as a drain line for a small mass flow with a large pressure difference trained line section is opened and the first, second and third control valves are closed, so the water content is of insufficient quality the separating bottle through the fourth line section is discharged into the expansion tank.
  • the steam for the steam turbine 2 is generated by the Steam generator 1 through the live steam line 3 of the steam turbine 2 is supplied.
  • the steam turbine 2 drives you Generator 4.
  • the exhaust steam from the steam turbine 2 becomes the condenser 5 supplied with a Hotwell 6.
  • the feed water pump is designated by the reference number 28.
  • a recirculation line section branches from the outflow line 15 16, in which a first Control valve 17 is arranged and the ND drum 10th runs back.
  • the outflow line 15 settles over one another line section 25 to the hotwell of the capacitor 5 continues.
  • a second control valve 23 is arranged in this further line section 25 .
  • the LP drum 10 is thus in operation Attach a water container with a first pressure, the is lower than the pressure in the separating bottle 13, and the Hotwell 6 a water container with a second Pressure that is lower than the first pressure.
  • a water container with a first pressure can also be a ND drum in other versions Feed water tank or a preheater are used.
  • the first mentioned drain pipe i.e. the third line section 18 is for a larger mass flow at a first, small pressure difference between the separating bottle 13 and the expansion tank 22, and the second drain pipe, i.e. the fourth line section 20 for a smaller mass flow at a second pressure difference that is greater than the first pressure difference is formed.
  • the third control valve 19 in the third line section 18 is in the open position, the first control valve 17 in the recirculation line section 16 the low pressure drum 10, the second control valve 23 in another line section 25 in front of the Hotwell 6 and that fourth control valve 21 in the fourth line section 20 before the relaxation tank 22 are closed.
  • the third line section 18 is for one large mass flow with a small pressure difference between Separation bottle 13 and expansion tank 22 designed, and so the water can be drawn off until there is sufficient water quality. That below from the Relaxation tank 22 outflowing water is known in the Discharged into a processing plant.
  • the one at Steam forming at temperatures above 100 ° C flows through the Outlet 24 from the expansion tank.
  • the pressure in the separating bottle 13 With a warm start with sufficient water quality, the pressure in the separating bottle 13 is higher than the pressure in the low pressure drum 10, becomes the first control valve 17 in the recirculation section 16 opened and the second control valve 23 in the Hotwell 6 leading another line section 25, the third 19 and fourth control valve 21 before the expansion tank 22 will be closed.
  • the separator bottle 13 located or in the separating bottle 13 coming Water can so alone in the low pressure drum 10 be recirculated by the pressure difference and thus remains in the steam-water cycle.
  • the feed unit 11 is compared in one operated with increased throughput during normal operation, so that 8 wet steam at the outlet of the HD evaporator with a water content of the steam of 5-20%.
  • the pressure difference between the separating bottle 13 and the expansion tank 22 is high, e.g. between 60 and 180 bar.
  • This fourth line section 20 is for a small one Mass flow designed with a large pressure difference.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Dampferzeugungs- und Kreislaufanlage mit einem Zwangsdurchlaufdampferzeuger, der mindestens einen Verdampfer, eine Abscheideflasche, einen Entspannungstank und eine zum Verdampfer verlaufende Speiseleitung mit einer Speiseeinheit aufweist, von welcher Abscheideflasche eine Dampfaustrittsleitung zu einer Dampfverarbeitungsstelle wegführt, welche Abscheideflasche über eine Zufuhrleitung mit dem Verdampfer verbunden ist. Sie betrifft weiter ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Anlage während einem Kaltstart bei genügender Qualität des Arbeitsmediums des Dampf-Wasserkreislaufes, ein Verfahren zum Reinigen des Dampfwasserkreislaufes während einem Kaltstart bei ungenügender Qualität des Arbeitsmediums des Dampf-Wasserkreislaufes, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb während einem Warmstart bei genügender Qualität des Arbeitsmediums und ein Verfahren zum Reinigen des Dampf-Wasserkreislaufes während einem Warmstart, Voll- oder Teillastbetrieb bei ungenügender Qualität des Arbeitsmediums.The present invention relates to a Steam generation and circulation system with a once-through steam generator, the at least one evaporator, a separator bottle, an expansion tank and one Feed line running to the evaporator with a feed unit from which separator bottle a Steam outlet line to a steam processing point leads away which separator bottle via a supply line is connected to the evaporator. It continues to affect one Method for operating such a system during a Cold start with sufficient quality of the working medium of the Steam water cycle, a process for cleaning the Steam water circuit during a cold start with insufficient Quality of the working medium of the steam-water cycle, a method of operating during a Warm start with sufficient quality of the working medium and a process for cleaning the steam-water cycle during a warm start, full or part load operation at insufficient quality of the working medium.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Anlage zur Dampferzeugung ist in EP 0 561 220 beschrieben.A method of operating a steam generating plant is described in EP 0 561 220.

Verunreinigungen im Dampf-Wasserkreislauf von Dampferzeugungs- und Kreislaufanlagen, beispielsweise Dampfkraftwerken können zu Ablagerungen und Korrosion, in deren Folge zu Betriebsstörungen und Schäden führen. Deshalb muss das Betriebsmedium von solchen Anlagen gereinigt werden.Impurities in the steam-water cycle from Steam generation and circulation systems, for example Steam power plants can cause deposits and corrosion, in the result of which is malfunctions and damage. Therefore the operating medium must be cleaned from such systems become.

In Anlagen mit Trommelkesseln werden Verunreinigungen durch die Abschlämmung des Kesselwassers entfernt. Diese stützt sich auf das folgende Prinzip: in der Kesseltrommel erfolgt eine Verdampfung des Wassers. Nicht-flüchtige Substanzen verbleiben im Kesselwasser und konzentrieren sich dadurch auf. Mit dem Abschlämmen des Kesselwassers werden diese Substanzen somit in konzentrierter Form und somit effizient aus dem Kreislauf entfernt.In systems with drum boilers, impurities are removed removed by draining the boiler water. This is based on the following principle: in the The boiler drum evaporates the water. Non-volatile substances remain in the boiler water and thereby focus on. With the blowdown These substances are thus concentrated in the boiler water Shape and therefore efficiently removed from the cycle.

In Anlagen mit Zwangsdurchlaufkesseln kann kein Wasser abgeschlämmt werden: das Speisewasser tritt in den Kessel ein und verlässt ihn als Dampf. Folglich verbleiben alle nicht-flüchtigen Substanzen im Kessel. So sind Ablagerungen von Eisenoxiden im Verdampferteil denn auch nicht unüblich. Im Falle von Zwangsdurchlaufkesseln werden daher üblicherweise im Kreislauf Kondensatreinigungsanlagen eingesetzt, in welchen das Kondensat vor Rückführung in den Dampferzeuger filtriert und gegebenenfalls mittels Ionentauscher auch entsalzt wird.In systems with once-through boilers no water is drained: the feed water enters into the boiler and leaves it as steam. consequently all non-volatile substances remain in the boiler. So are deposits of iron oxides in the evaporator part also not uncommon. In the case of once-through boilers are therefore usually condensate cleaning systems in the circuit used, in which the condensate before Return to the steam generator, filtered and if necessary is also desalinated by means of an ion exchanger.

Beim Kaltstart und Abfahren von Zwangsdurchlaufkesseln, während Verdampferinstabilitäten und während einem Teillastbetrieb, während welchen Zuständen Nassdampf in den Abscheider gelangt, erfolgt eine Rezirkulation des Kesselwassers mittels einer Pumpe. Es erfolgt somit eine Umwälzung während dem An- und Abfahren, wozu das Wasserniveau im Abscheider einen Sollwert erreichen muss. Mit steigender Beheizung des Kessels nimmt die Dampferzeugung zu und entsprechend nimmt die Umwälzmenge ab.With cold start and shutdown of once-through boilers, during vaporizer instabilities and during a partial load operation, during which conditions wet steam gets into the separator, there is a recirculation the boiler water by means of a pump. It takes place thus a revolution during the start and stop, for what the water level in the separator reaches a setpoint got to. With increasing heating of the boiler the Steam generation increases and the circulation volume increases accordingly from.

Bei Zwangsdurchlaufkesseln gelangt nach einer bestimmten Heizleistung überhitzter Dampf in den Abscheider, so dass ein reiner Zwangsdurchlaufbetrieb erfolgen kann.In the case of once-through boilers, there is one certain heat output superheated steam in the separator, so that a purely continuous operation takes place can.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Dampferzeugungsanlage zu schaffen, welche, wenn als Zwangsdurchlaufkessel ausgebildet, keine Kondensatreinigungsanlage und keine Pumpe zur Rezirkulation benötigt, und mit welcher sich ein Anfahren mit einem Reinigen kombinieren lässt.The invention is based on the object to create a steam generating plant which, if when Forced-flow boiler designed, no condensate cleaning system and no pump is needed for recirculation, and with which a start-up is combined with cleaning leaves.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies mit einer Dampferzeugungsanlage erreicht, bei welcher die Abscheideflasche

  • über einen mit einem ersten Regelventil ausgerüsteten Rezirkulationsleitungsabschnitt mit einem ersten Wasserbehältnis in Verbindung steht,
  • über einen weiteren, mit einem zweiten Regelventil ausgerüsteten Leitungsabschnitt mit einem zweiten Wasserbehältnis in Verbindung steht,
  • über einen dritten, mit einem dritten Regelventil ausgerüsteten Leitungsabschnitt mit dem Entspannungstank in Verbindung steht,
  • über einen vierten, mit einem vierten Regelventil ausgerüsteten Leitungsabschnitt ebenfalls mit dem Entspannungstank in Verbindung steht,
  • wobei im Betrieb der Dampferzeugungsanlage der Druck im ersten Wasserbehältnis höher als der Druck im zweiten Wasserbehältnis ist.
According to the invention, this is achieved with a steam generation system in which the separating bottle
  • is connected to a first water container via a recirculation line section equipped with a first control valve,
  • is connected to a second water container via a further line section equipped with a second control valve,
  • is connected to the expansion tank via a third line section equipped with a third control valve,
  • is also connected to the expansion tank via a fourth line section equipped with a fourth control valve,
  • the pressure in the first water container being higher than the pressure in the second water container during operation of the steam generation system.

Das Wasserbehältnis mit einem ersten Druck kann beispielsweise eine ND-Dampftrommel, ein Speisewasserbehälter oder ein Vorwärmer der Anlage sein. Das Wasserbehältnis mit dem niedrigeren, d.h. zweiten Druck kann beispielsweise der Hotwell eines Kondensators einer von der Dampfkesselanlage gespiesenen Dampfturbogruppe sein, ein Speisewasserbehälter oder ein Rohwassertank.The water container with a first press can, for example, an LP steam drum, a feed water tank or be a preheater for the system. The water container with the lower, i.e. second pressure can for example the hotwell of a capacitor one of steam turbine group fed to the steam boiler system, a feed water tank or a raw water tank.

Das Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Anlage während einem Kaltstart bei genügender Qualität des Arbeitsmediums des Dampf-Wasserkreislaufes zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das zweite Regelventil des weiteren Leitungsabschnittes geöffnet wird und das erste, dritte und vierte Regelventil geschlossen werden, so dass der Wasseranteil in der Abscheideflasche durch den weiteren Leitungsabschnitt in das zweite Wasserbehältnis abgeleitet wird. The procedure for operating this system during a cold start with sufficient quality of the working medium the steam-water cycle is characterized by this that the second control valve of the further line section is opened and the first, third and fourth Control valve to be closed so that the water content in the separator bottle through the further line section is drained into the second water container.

Weiter zeichnet sich das Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Anlage zum Reinigen des Arbeitsmediums des Dampf-Wasserkreislaufs während einem Kaltstart bei ungenügender Qualität des Arbeitsmediums des Dampf-Wasserkreislaufs dadurch aus, dass das dritte Regelventil im dritten, als Abschlämmleitung für einen grossen Mengenstrom bei kleiner Druckdifferenz ausgebildeten Leitungsabschnitt geöffnet wird und das erste, zweite und vierte Regelventil geschlossen werden, so dass der Wasseranteil ungenügender Qualität in der Abscheideflasche durch den dritten Leitungsabschnitt in den Entspannungstank abgeleitet wird.The procedure for operation also stands out this system for cleaning the working medium of the Steam-water cycle during a cold start with insufficient Quality of the working medium of the steam-water cycle characterized in that the third control valve in third, as a drain pipe for a large volume flow with a small pressure difference formed line section is opened and the first, second and fourth Control valve to be closed so that the water content insufficient quality in the separating bottle due to the third line section derived into the expansion tank becomes.

Das Verfahren zum Betrieb der Anlage während einem Warmstart bei genügender Qualität des Arbeitsmediums des Dampf-Wasserkreislaufes, wobei der Druck in der Abscheideflasche höher als der Druck im ersten Wasserbehältnis ist, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das erste Regelventil im Rezirkulationsleitungsabschnitt geöffnet wird und das zweite, dritte und vierte Regelventil geschlossen werden, so dass der Wasseranteil in der Abscheideflasche aufgrund der Druckdifferenz zwischen derselben und dem ersten Wasserbehältnis durch den Rezirkulationsleitungsabschnitt in das erste Wasserbehältnis strömt.The procedure for operating the system during a warm start with sufficient quality of the working medium of the steam-water cycle, the pressure in the Separation bottle higher than the pressure in the first water container is characterized in that the first Control valve in the recirculation line section opened is closed and the second, third and fourth control valve so that the water content in the separator bottle due to the pressure difference between them and the first water tank through the recirculation pipe section in the first water container flows.

Das Verfahren zum Betrieb der Anlage zum Reinigen des Dampf-Wasserkreislaufes während einem Warmstart, Voll- oder Teillastbetrieb bei ungenügender Qualität des Arbeitsmediums des Wasser-Dampfkreislaufes zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Verdampfer so beaufschlagt wird, dass Nassdampf in die Abscheideflasche gelangt, und dass das vierte Regelventil im vierten, als Abschlämmleitung für einen kleinen Massenstrom bei grosser Druckdifferenz ausgebildeten Leitungsabschnitt geöffnet wird und das erste, zweite und dritte Regelventil geschlossen werden, so dass der Wasseranteil ungenügender Qualität in der Abscheideflasche durch den vierten Leitungsabschnitt in den Entspannungstank abgeleitet wird. The procedure for operating the facility for cleaning the steam-water cycle during a warm start, Full or partial load operation with insufficient quality of the working medium of the water-steam cycle is characterized by the fact that the evaporator acts in this way that wet steam gets into the separator bottle, and that the fourth control valve in the fourth, as a drain line for a small mass flow with a large pressure difference trained line section is opened and the first, second and third control valves are closed, so the water content is of insufficient quality the separating bottle through the fourth line section is discharged into the expansion tank.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, dass im Wasser-Dampfkreislauf keine Kondensatreinigungsanlage notwendig ist. Das Anfahren und der Teillast-Betrieb erfolgt nicht mit dem bekannten, klassischen Umwälzbetrieb, insbesondere ist dazu keine Pumpe notwendig und es müssen keine grösseren Schalthandlungen vorgenommen werden. Weiter kann das Reinigen mit dem Anfahren, insbesondere Kaltanfahren der Anlage kombiniert werden.The advantages of the invention are essential to see that none in the water-steam cycle Condensate cleaning system is necessary. The start and the partial load operation does not take place with the known, classic circulation operation, in particular there is none Pump necessary and no major switching operations are required be made. Cleaning can also be done with the start-up, especially cold start-up of the system combined become.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand eines thermischen Kraftwerkes rein schematisch dargestellt. Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente dargestellt.In the drawing is an embodiment the invention based on a thermal power plant shown schematically. It's just for understanding elements of the invention shown.

Weg zur AusführungWay of execution

Im Dampferzeuger 1 des thermischen Kraftwerkes, der mit Brennern ausgerüstet sein kann oder durch die Abgase mindestens einer Gasturbine durchströmt sein kann, d.h. als Abhitze-Dampferzeuger ausgebildet ist, wird der Dampf für die Dampfturbine 2 erzeugt, der vom Dampferzeuger 1 durch die Frischdampfleitung 3 der Dampfturbine 2 zugeführt wird. Die Dampfturbine 2 treibt einen Generator 4. Der Abdampf der Dampfturbine 2 wird dem Kondensator 5 mit einem Hotwell 6 zugeführt. Die Speisewasserpumpe ist mit der Bezugsziffer 28 bezeichnet.In the steam generator 1 of the thermal power plant, which can be equipped with burners or by the exhaust gases flow through at least one gas turbine can, i.e. is designed as a waste heat steam generator, the steam for the steam turbine 2 is generated by the Steam generator 1 through the live steam line 3 of the steam turbine 2 is supplied. The steam turbine 2 drives you Generator 4. The exhaust steam from the steam turbine 2 becomes the condenser 5 supplied with a Hotwell 6. The feed water pump is designated by the reference number 28.

In vereinfachter Weise sind im Dampferzeuger 1 ein ND-Economiser 7, ein ND-Verdampfer 26, ein HD-Economiser 27, ein HD-Verdampfer 8 und ein Überhitzer 9 dargestellt, an welchem Überhitzer 9 die Frischdampfleitung 3 zur Dampfturbine 2 anschliesst. Die Niederdrucktrommel ist mit der Bezugsziffer 10 angedeutet. Von der Niederdrucktrommel 10 verläuft eine Niederdruckdampfleitung 29 zur Dampfturbine 2. Eine Speiseeinheit 11, bestehend aus Speisepumpe und zugehörigem Regelventil, fördert das Wasser aus der ND-Trommel 10 durch die Leitung 12, dem HD-Economiser 27 und HD-Verdampfer 8 zu einer Abscheideflasche 13, auch Separator genannt. Von der Abscheideflasche 13 verläuft bei der gezeichneten Ausführung eine Dampfleitung 14 zum Überhitzer 9, von welchem die Frischdampfleitung 3 zur Dampfturbine 2 führt. Bei anderen, nicht gezeigten Ausführungen führt die Dampfleitung 14 nicht zu einem Überhitzer 9 und einer Dampfturbine 2 als Dampfverarbeitungsstellen, sondern beispielsweise zu einem nicht mit einer Energieerzeugung verbundenen Dampfnetz als Dampfverarbeitungsstelle.In a simplified way are in the steam generator 1 an LP economizer 7, an LP evaporator 26, an HP economizer 27, an HD evaporator 8 and a superheater 9 shown on which superheater 9 the live steam line 3 connects to the steam turbine 2. The low pressure drum is indicated with the reference number 10. Of the Low-pressure drum 10 runs a low-pressure steam line 29 to the steam turbine 2. A feed unit 11, consisting from feed pump and associated control valve the water from the LP drum 10 through line 12, the HD economizer 27 and HD evaporator 8 to form a separator bottle 13, also called separator. From the separator bottle 13 runs in the drawn version a steam line 14 to the superheater 9, of which the live steam line 3 leads to the steam turbine 2. at other, not shown versions, the steam line 14 not to a superheater 9 and a steam turbine 2 as steam processing stations, but for example to one not related to power generation Steam network as a steam processing center.

Gemäss der Zeichnungsfigur ist unten an der Abscheideflasche 13 eine Ausströmleitung 15 angeschlossen, von welcher verschiedene Leitungsabschnitte 16, 18 und 20 abzweigen, und,die sich weiter in einem Leitungsabschnitt 25 fortsetzt. Es ist offensichtlich, dass jeder Leitungsabschnitt 16, 18, 20, 25 einzeln und für sich separat an der Abscheideflasche 13 angeschlossen sein kann. Entscheidend ist lediglich, dass die Abscheideflasche 13 über verschiedene Leitungsabschnitte mit weiteren Anlageteilen in Verbindung steht.According to the drawing figure is at the bottom of the Separator bottle 13 connected to an outflow line 15, from which different line sections 16, 18 and 20 branch off, and which continue in a line section 25 continues. It is obvious to everyone Line section 16, 18, 20, 25 individually and separately can be connected to the separator bottle 13. It is only decisive that the separating bottle 13 over different line sections with other system parts communicates.

Von der Ausströmleitung 15 zweigt ein Rezirkulationsleitungsabschnitt 16 ab, in welchem ein erstes Regelventil 17 angeordnet ist und der zur ND-Trommel 10 zurück verläuft.A recirculation line section branches from the outflow line 15 16, in which a first Control valve 17 is arranged and the ND drum 10th runs back.

Die Ausströmleitung 15 setzt sich über einen weiteren Leitungsabschnitt 25 zum Hotwell des Kondensators 5 fort. In diesem weiteren Leitungsabschnitt 25 ist ein zweites Regelventil 23 angeordnet.The outflow line 15 settles over one another line section 25 to the hotwell of the capacitor 5 continues. In this further line section 25 a second control valve 23 is arranged.

Die ND-Trommel 10 ist somit im Betrieb der Anlage ein Wasserbehältnis mit einem ersten Druck, der niedriger als der Druck in der Abscheideflasche 13 ist, und der Hotwell 6 ein Wasserbehältnis mit einem zweiten Druck, der niedriger als der erste Druck ist.The LP drum 10 is thus in operation Attach a water container with a first pressure, the is lower than the pressure in the separating bottle 13, and the Hotwell 6 a water container with a second Pressure that is lower than the first pressure.

Als Wasserbehältnis mit einem ersten Druck kann bei weiteren Ausführungen auch eine ND-Trommel, ein Speisewasserbehälter oder ein Vorwärmer dienen. As a water container with a first pressure can also be a ND drum in other versions Feed water tank or a preheater are used.

Als Wasserbehältnis mit einem zweiten, tieferen Druck können der Kondensator, bei dem sogar Vakuum vorherrscht, ein weiterer Speisewasserbehälter oder ein Rohwassertank dienen.As a water container with a second, deeper one Pressure can be the condenser, even vacuum prevails, another feed water tank or a Serve raw water tank.

Von der Ausströmleitung 15 zweigt ein dritter Leitungsabschnitt 18 als Abschlämmleitung mit einem dritten Regelventil 19 und ein vierter Leitungsabschnitt 20 als zweite Abschlämmleitung mit einem vierten Regelventil 21 zu einem Entspannungstank 22 ab, der auch als Blowdown Tank bezeichnet wird.A third branches from the outlet line 15 Line section 18 as a drain line with a third Control valve 19 and a fourth line section 20 as a second drain line with a fourth control valve 21 to a relaxation tank 22, which is also called Blowdown tank is called.

Die erstgenannte Abschlämmleitung, d.h. der dritte Leitungsabschnitt 18 ist für einen grösseren Massenstrom bei einer ersten, kleinen Druckdifferenz zwischen der Abscheideflasche 13 und dem Entspannungstank 22, und die zweitgenannte Abschlämmleitung, d.h. der vierte Leitungsabschnitt 20 für einen kleineren Massenstrom bei einer zweiten Druckdifferenz, die grösser als die erste Druckdifferenz ist, ausgebildet.The first mentioned drain pipe, i.e. the third line section 18 is for a larger mass flow at a first, small pressure difference between the separating bottle 13 and the expansion tank 22, and the second drain pipe, i.e. the fourth line section 20 for a smaller mass flow at a second pressure difference that is greater than the first pressure difference is formed.

Die gezeigte Anlage lässt sich nun wie folgt betreiben.The system shown can now be operated as follows operate.

Es sei angenommen, dass die Wasserqualität ungenügend ist und das Kraftwerk mit einem Kaltstart in Betrieb gesetzt wird.It is assumed that the water quality is insufficient and the power plant with a cold start in Operation is set.

Grundsätzlich ist während einer ersten Zeitspanne die Druckdifferenz zwischen der Abscheideflasche 13 und der Niederdrucktrommel 10 für eine Rezirkulation durch die Rezirkulationsleitung 16 ungenügend. Die Speiseeinheit 11 wird nun derart betrieben, dass der HD-Verdampfer 8 mit ca. 30 % des nominalen Wasserstromes (im Vergleich mit Vollastbetrieb) durchströmt wird.Basically during a first period the pressure difference between the separator bottle 13 and the low pressure drum 10 for recirculation insufficient through the recirculation line 16. The Feed unit 11 is now operated in such a way that the HD evaporator 8 with approx. 30% of the nominal water flow (in Comparison with full load operation).

Das dritte Regelventil 19 im dritten Leitungsabschnitt 18 ist in der Offenstellung, das erste Regelventil 17 im Rezirkulationsleitungsabschnitt 16 vor der Niederdrucktrommel 10, das zweite Regelventil 23 im weiteren Leitungsabschnitt 25 vor dem Hotwell 6 und das vierte Regelventil 21 im vierten Leitungsabschnitt 20 vor dem Entspannungstank 22 sind geschlossen. The third control valve 19 in the third line section 18 is in the open position, the first control valve 17 in the recirculation line section 16 the low pressure drum 10, the second control valve 23 in another line section 25 in front of the Hotwell 6 and that fourth control valve 21 in the fourth line section 20 before the relaxation tank 22 are closed.

Der dritte Leitungsabschnitt 18 ist für einen grossen Massenstrom bei kleiner Druckdifferenz zwischen Abscheideflasche 13 und Entspannungstank 22 ausgelegt, und damit kann das Wasser solange abgezogen werden, bis eine genügende Wasserqualität vorliegt. Das unten aus dem Entspannungstank 22 ausströmende Wasser wird in bekannter Weise in eine Aufbereitungsanlage abgeführt. Der sich bei Temperaturen über 100°C bildende Dampf strömt durch den Auslass 24 aus dem Entspannungstank.The third line section 18 is for one large mass flow with a small pressure difference between Separation bottle 13 and expansion tank 22 designed, and so the water can be drawn off until there is sufficient water quality. That below from the Relaxation tank 22 outflowing water is known in the Discharged into a processing plant. The one at Steam forming at temperatures above 100 ° C flows through the Outlet 24 from the expansion tank.

Wenn bei einem Kaltstart die Wasserqualität genügend ist, wobei wieder die Druckdifferenz für eine Rezirkulation von der Abscheideflasche 13 zur Niederdrucktrommel 10 zu klein ist, sind beide Regelventile 19,21 vor dem Entspannungstank 22 und das Regelventil 17 vor der ND-Trommel 10 geschlossen, und das Regelventil 23 im zum Hotwell 6 führenden Leitungsabschnitt 25 offen. Damit wird das Wasser aus der Abscheideflasche 13 in den Hotwell 6 des Kondensators 5 abgeführt und verbleibt damit im Dampf-Wasserkreislauf.If the water quality during a cold start is sufficient, again the pressure difference for one Recirculation from the separator bottle 13 to the low pressure drum 10 is too small, both control valves 19.21 before the expansion tank 22 and the control valve 17 closed before the LP drum 10, and the control valve 23 in line section 25 leading to Hotwell 6 open. So that the water from the separation bottle 13th dissipated into the hotwell 6 of the capacitor 5 and remains thus in the steam-water cycle.

Bei einem Warmstart bei einer genügenden Wasserqualität, wobei der Druck in der Abscheideflasche 13 höher als der Druck in der Niederdrucktrommel 10 ist, wird das erste Regelventil 17 im Rezirkulationsabschnitt 16 geöffnet und das zweite Regelventil 23 im zum Hotwell 6 führenden weiteren Leitungsabschnitt 25, das dritte 19 und vierte Regelventil 21 vor dem Entspannungstank 22 werden geschlossen. In der Abscheidefla sche 13 befindliches bzw. in die Abscheideflasche 13 gelangendes Wasser kann so in die Niederdrucktrommel 10 allein durch die Druckdifferenz rezirkuliert werden und verbleibt somit im Dampf-Wasserkreislauf.With a warm start with sufficient water quality, the pressure in the separating bottle 13 is higher than the pressure in the low pressure drum 10, becomes the first control valve 17 in the recirculation section 16 opened and the second control valve 23 in the Hotwell 6 leading another line section 25, the third 19 and fourth control valve 21 before the expansion tank 22 will be closed. In the separator bottle 13 located or in the separating bottle 13 coming Water can so alone in the low pressure drum 10 be recirculated by the pressure difference and thus remains in the steam-water cycle.

Ist die Wasserqualität (während einem Warmstart, aber auch bei einem Voll- oder Teillastbetrieb) ungenügend, wird die Speiseeinheit 11 bei einen im Vergleich mit dem Normalbetrieb erhöhten Durchsatz betrieben, so dass am Austritt des HD-Verdampfers 8 Nassdampf mit einem Wasseranteil des Dampfes von 5-20 % vorliegt. Die Druckdifferenz zwischen Abscheideflasche 13 und Entspannungstank 22 ist hoch, z.B. zwischen 60 und 180 bar.Is the water quality (during a warm start, but also with a full or partial load operation) insufficient, the feed unit 11 is compared in one operated with increased throughput during normal operation, so that 8 wet steam at the outlet of the HD evaporator with a water content of the steam of 5-20%. The pressure difference between the separating bottle 13 and the expansion tank 22 is high, e.g. between 60 and 180 bar.

Jetzt wird das vierte Regelventil 21 des vierten Leitungsabschnittes 20 vor dem Entspannungstank 22 geöffnet. Das dritte Regelventil 19 des dritten Leitungsabschnittes 18, das zweite Regelventil 23 vor dem Hotwell 6 und das erste Regelventil 17 vor der ND-Trommel 10 bleiben geschlossen.Now the fourth control valve 21 of the fourth line section 20 before the expansion tank 22 open. The third control valve 19 of the third Line section 18, the second control valve 23 before Hotwell 6 and the first control valve 17 before the LP drum 10 remain closed.

Durch den Wasseranteil von 5-20 % des vom Verdampfer 8 kommenden Dampfes bildet sich in der Abscheideflasche 13 Wasser, das die Verunreinigungen enthält, welches Wasser durch den vierten Leitungsabschnitt 20 in den Entspannungstank 22 geführt wird. Dieser vierte Leitungsabschnitt 20 ist für einen kleinen Massenstrom bei grosser Druckdifferenz ausgelegt.Due to the water content of 5-20% of the Evaporator 8 coming steam forms in the separator bottle 13 water containing the impurities what water through the fourth line section 20 is guided into the relaxation tank 22. This fourth line section 20 is for a small one Mass flow designed with a large pressure difference.

Es ist somit ersichtlich, dass eine Kondensatreinigungsanlage nicht mehr notwendig ist, dass keine Pumpe zwischen der Abscheideflasche 13 und der ND-Trommel notwendig ist und insbesondere, dass mit dieser Anlage ein Reinigen mit dem Anfahren kombiniert werden kann. It can thus be seen that a condensate cleaning system it is no longer necessary that none Pump between the separator bottle 13 and the LP drum is necessary and in particular that with this facility cleaning can be combined with starting.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Dampferzeugersteam generator
22
Dampfturbinesteam turbine
33
FrischdampfleitungSteam line
44
Generatorgenerator
55
Kondensatorcapacitor
66
Hotwell (zweites Wasserbehältnis)Hotwell (second water container)
77
ND-EconomizerND economizer
88th
HD-VerdampferHP evaporator
99
Überhitzersuperheater
1010
Niederdrucktrommel (erstes Wasserbehältnis)Low pressure drum (first water container)
1111
Speiseeinheitsupply unit
1212
Leitungmanagement
1313
Abscheideflascheseparation bottle
1414
Dampfleitungsteam line
1515
Ausströmleitungoutflow
1616
Rezirkulationsleitungrecirculation
1717
erstes Regelventilfirst control valve
1818
dritter Leitungsabschnitt (Abschlämmleitung)third line section (drain pipe)
1919
drittes Regelventilthird control valve
2020
vierter Leitungsabschnitt (Abschlämmleitung)fourth line section (drain pipe)
2121
viertes Regelventilfourth control valve
2222
Entspannungstankflash tank
2323
zweites Regelventilsecond control valve
2424
Auslassoutlet
2525
weiterer Leitungsabschnittfurther line section
2626
ND-VerdampferND evaporator
2727
HD-EconomizerHD economizer
2828
SpeisewasserpumpeFeedwater pump
2929
NiederdruckdampfleitungLow-pressure steam line

Claims (10)

  1. Steam generating plant having a forced circulation steam generator (1), which has at least one evaporator (8), a separator (13), a blowdown tank (22) and a feed line (12), with a feed unit (11), extending to the evaporator (8), from which separator (13) a steam outlet line (14) leads away to a steam treatment station, which separator (13) is connected via a supply line to the evaporator (8), characterized in that the separator (13)
    is in connection with a first water tank (10) via a recirculation line section (16) equipped with a first control valve (17),
    is in connection with a second water tank (6) via a further line section (25) equipped with a second control valve (23),
    is in connection with the blowdown tank (22) via a third line section (18) equipped with a third control valve (19),
    is likewise in connection with the blowdown tank (22) via a fourth line section (20) equipped with a fourth control valve (21),
    the pressure in the first water tank (10) being higher than the pressure in the second water tank (6) during operation of the steam generating plant.
  2. Plant according to Claim 1, characterized in that the third line section (18) and fourth line section (20) are configured as blowdown line sections, the third line section (18) being configured for a larger mass flow and a smaller pressure difference between the separator (13) and the blowdown tank (22), as compared with the fourth line section (20).
  3. Method of operating the plant according to Claim 1 or 2 during a cold start with adequate quality of the working medium of the steam/water cycle, characterized in that the second control valve (23) of the further line section (25) is open and the first control valve (17), the third control valve (19) and the fourth control valve (21) are closed, so that the proportion of water in the separator (13) is led away through the further line section (25) into the second water tank (6).
  4. Method of operating the plant according to Claim 1 or 2 in order to clean the working medium of the steam/water cycle during a cold start with inadequate quality of the working medium of the steam/water cycle, characterized in that the third control valve (19) in the third line section (18), which is configured as a blowdown line for a large mass flow at small pressure difference, is open and the first control valve (17), the second control valve (23) and the fourth control valve (21) are closed, so that the proportion of water of inadequate quality in the separator (13) is led away through the third line section (18) into the blowdown tank (22).
  5. Method of operating the plant according to Claim 1 or 2 during a warm start with adequate quality of the working medium of the steam/water cycle, the pressure in the separator (13) being higher than the pressure in the first water tank (10), characterized in that the first control valve (17) in the recirculation section (16) is open and the second control valve (23), the third control valve (19) and the fourth control valve (21) are closed, so that the proportion of water in the separator (13) flows through the recirculation line section (16) into the first water tank (10) because of the pressure difference between the separator (13) and the first water tank (10).
  6. Method of operating the plant according to Claim 1 or 2 in order to clean the steam/water cycle during a warm start, full-load operation or part-load operation with inadequate quality of the working medium of the water/steam cycle, characterized in that the evaporator (8) is acted upon in such a way that wet steam reaches the separator (13) and in that the fourth control valve (21) in the fourth line section (20), which is configured as a blowdown line for a small mass flow at large pressure difference, is open and the first control valve (17), the second control valve (23) and the third control valve (19) are closed, so that the proportion of water of inadequate quality in the separator (13) is led away through the fourth line section (20) into the blowdown tank (22).
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the presence of wet steam at the inlet to the separator (13) is effected by the feed unit (11) being operated in such a way that it supplies a higher mass flow than that in normal operation for the same steam generation delivery.
  8. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the presence of wet steam at the inlet to the separator (13) is effected by the supply of heat in the forced circulation steam generator being reduced while retaining the feed by the operation of the feed unit (11).
  9. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the evaporator (8) and the feed unit (11) are operated with about 20-50% of the nominal water quantity during full-load operation.
  10. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the evaporator (8) and the feed unit (11) are operated in such a way that the proportion of water at the outlet from the evaporator (8) and/or at the inlet to the separator (13) lies in the range between 5% and 20%, the pressure difference between the separator (13) and the blowdown tank (22) lying in the range of 60-180 bar.
EP98810793A 1998-08-18 1998-08-18 Power plant and process for starting and for purification of its water-steam cycle Expired - Lifetime EP0981014B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59807972T DE59807972D1 (en) 1998-08-18 1998-08-18 Steam power plant and method for starting and cleaning its steam-water cycle
EP98810793A EP0981014B1 (en) 1998-08-18 1998-08-18 Power plant and process for starting and for purification of its water-steam cycle
US09/373,622 US6155054A (en) 1998-08-18 1999-08-13 Steam power plant and method of and cleaning its steam/water cycle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810793A EP0981014B1 (en) 1998-08-18 1998-08-18 Power plant and process for starting and for purification of its water-steam cycle

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EP0981014A1 EP0981014A1 (en) 2000-02-23
EP0981014B1 true EP0981014B1 (en) 2003-04-16

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DE10116034A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-02 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Process for the prevention of deposits in steam systems
WO2005068905A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2005-07-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for removing water from a steam plant
US9217566B2 (en) 2007-03-27 2015-12-22 Boyle Energy Services & Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for commissioning power plants
CA2698334A1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 Doty Scientific, Inc. High-temperature dual-source organic rankine cycle with gas separations
ITMI20102121A1 (en) * 2010-11-16 2012-05-17 Ansaldo Energia Spa COMBINED CYCLE PLANT FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION AND METHOD TO OPERATE THIS SYSTEM
US8851024B2 (en) * 2011-12-07 2014-10-07 Alstom Technology Ltd Water reservoir for a steam generation system and method of use thereof
US8925320B1 (en) * 2013-09-10 2015-01-06 Kalex, Llc Methods and apparatus for optimizing the performance of organic rankine cycle power systems
EP3086033A1 (en) * 2015-04-22 2016-10-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for starting a continuous steam generator
CN106608371A (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-05-03 中国飞行试验研究院 Evaporative load tank for aircraft testing
WO2023043605A1 (en) * 2021-08-30 2023-03-23 Energy Water Solutions, LLC Geothermal heat retainment system and method for direct use in spray evaporation of water

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US6155054A (en) 2000-12-05
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