WO1999023309A1 - Method and device for upgrading waste ballast - Google Patents

Method and device for upgrading waste ballast Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999023309A1
WO1999023309A1 PCT/FR1998/002333 FR9802333W WO9923309A1 WO 1999023309 A1 WO1999023309 A1 WO 1999023309A1 FR 9802333 W FR9802333 W FR 9802333W WO 9923309 A1 WO9923309 A1 WO 9923309A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ballast
approximately
percentage
stones
machine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1998/002333
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Helmut Conrads
Original Assignee
Bsr Naturstein-Aufbereitungs Gmbh
Snc Ecoballast
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bsr Naturstein-Aufbereitungs Gmbh, Snc Ecoballast filed Critical Bsr Naturstein-Aufbereitungs Gmbh
Priority to GB9915120A priority Critical patent/GB2335454B/en
Publication of WO1999023309A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999023309A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a method and a device for upgrading used ballast.
  • ballast used to support the railways.
  • the stones or pebbles used crack or crack (especially during periods of freezing and thawing), and their outline becomes more and more rounded (polishing).
  • a good quality ballast must meet certain particle size criteria and meet certain conditions of behavior.
  • the ballast must contain pebbles whose facets are pointed or sharpened so that they can agglomerate with one another without sliding relative to one another, as pebbles would do, for example. It therefore appeared necessary to replace this ballast, and this in a frequency of once every 8 to 12 years on average, frequency which depends on the type of line (high speed trains, regional trains, freight trains) and its frequentation (suburbs, province).
  • This ballast once removed, is typically either sent to crushers to reduce it to aggregate intended to make it a filler material for road surfacing, or is stored as such in landfills where it is not used. We therefore replace under the railway line to be renovated new ballast coming out of a quarry. There is therefore a significant loss in terms of maintenance costs for railway lines, as well as losses of raw material.
  • the invention provides a process for the upgrading of used ballast, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) recovering used ballast from a railway, b) transporting said ballast to a first screen where it is sorted, and recovering the part of ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical, or slightly greater, than that of a new ballast, c) passing this part of ballast inside a shock treatment machine so as to shape sharp edges by detaching fragments of it in places of least resistance of the stones which constitute it, by shock of said stones of the ballast between them and / or between these stones and pit-crushing means internal to the machine, without crushing the stones, d) the treated ballast is recovered after passing through the shock treatment machine, and it is passed through a second screen where it is sorted so as to keep only the part of the treated ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical to that of the new ballast selected, e) and before and / or after step d), the ballas is conveyed t in a vibrating
  • the invention provides that during step c), the ballast is projected into the machine against at least one deflecting plate belonging to said reef-crusher means by means of an internal rotary drum equipped with means for projecting said ballast
  • the method may further comprise a step of washing the recovered ballast.
  • at least one angularly adjustable deflecting plate it will be possible to use in the method at least one angularly adjustable deflecting plate, and it will be possible to determine the angle of adjustment so that the stones are projected against this plate by said means for projecting the drum according to a angle of attack greater than approximately 45 ° from normal to the plates.
  • the invention provides that the drum is made to rotate between approximately 15 and 50 meters per second, and preferably at a speed less than approximately 25 meters per second, that the impact treatment machine is supplied with stones via a conveyor belt moving the stones to the entrance of said machine at a speed of between 1 and 1.5 meters per second , and preferably substantially equal to 1.3 meters per second, and that the inclination of the plates is adjusted so that they make an angle with the horizontal of between approximately 20 ° and 40 °.
  • the invention also relates to a used ballast revaluation device comprising:
  • a first screen with at least two stages for sorting the used ballast by recovering the part of this ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical or slightly greater than that of a determined new ballast
  • an impact treatment machine making it possible to shape sharp edges on said used ballast by detaching fragments of it in places of least resistance of the stones which constitute it, by impact of said stones of the ballast between them and / or between these stones and pit-crusher means internal to the machine, so as to create a reusable ballast
  • the shock treatment machine will preferably comprise: a chassis provided with an opening for introducing the used ballast, the chassis containing:
  • a drum connected to a motor and mounted rotating around an axis of rotation, said drum being equipped with means for projecting the used ballast, these means preferably comprising ceramic parts with a section of between approximately 1 and 5 millimeters (s),
  • - And reef-crusher means against which the used ballast is projected comprising at least one deflecting plate adjustable in orientation, disposed substantially parallel to the axis of rotation xx 'of the drum, and fixed plates internally reinforcing said chassis.
  • the shock treatment machine include:
  • deflecting plates each pivotally mounted about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum, said plates making an angle of inclination with the horizontal
  • this angle of inclination will be adjustable and between 20 ° and 40 °.
  • the invention proposes that the drum is connected to a variable speed motor (internal combustion engine preferably coupled to a gearbox).
  • the invention proposes that one of the plates be mounted on damping means absorbing too violent shocks which would risk reducing the stones too much. small.
  • the invention proposes that the machine comprises at the outlet a chute comprising at least one substantially horizontal plate forming a frame and belonging to the pit-crusher means, said plate being extended at the bottom by hanging plates between which the ballast passes without crushing shock.
  • the invention proposes that some at least some pitfalls - crushers contain in their metallurgical composition:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a processing machine used in the ballast recovery device illustrated in Figure 1.
  • FIG 1 there is therefore a device for upgrading the used ballast.
  • This device comprises the following means, listed according to the direction of circulation of the ballast in the revalorization device:
  • a wheel loader 10 fitted with a lower hopper 12 and a vibrating screen 14, preferably at variable frequency, a first belt 20 for transporting the ballast to a first screen 30,
  • a first screen 30 with at least two stages, and preferably three,
  • a second conveyor belt 40 for discharging the used ballast which is too fine to be treated, for example whose particle size is less than or equal to about 25 mm,
  • a third conveyor belt 50 for discharging the used ballast that is too large to be treated, for example whose particle size is greater than or equal to about 70 mm
  • a fourth conveyor belt 60 for recovering the part of used ballast whose range particle size is slightly greater than that of a new ballast, for example between approximately 25 and 70 mm, and bring it to a machine 200 for impact treatment
  • a second two-stage screen 80 disposed at the outlet of the machine and recovering the treated ballast (that is to say provided with sharp edges), a fifth conveyor belt 90 for evacuating the treated ballast which is too fine to be used, for example whose particle size is less than or equal to about 25 mm,
  • a sixth conveyor belt 100 for recovering the part of reusable treated ballast that is to say one whose particle size range is substantially identical to that of a new ballast, for example between about 25 and 50 mm.
  • ballast flow rate will be approximately 20 to 35 kg per second.
  • This used ballast is routed by the first conveyor belt 20 to a first screen 30 where it is sorted using two separation planes (three floors).
  • a first part of the used ballast is recovered that is too fine to be able to be treated, for example whose particle size is less than or equal to about 25 mm.
  • This part is evacuated by the second conveyor belt 40 and can for example be crushed to serve as a charge for road surfaces.
  • ballast A second part of excessively used ballast is also recovered, that is to say one whose particle size is greater than or equal to about 70 mm, and it is discharged onto the third conveyor belt 50 Finally, the part of ballast likely to constitute new ballast, that is to say one whose particle size range is substantially identical or slightly greater than a determined particle size range corresponding to that of a new ballast, for example a range between about 25 and 70 mm.
  • ballast is conveyed on a fourth conveyor belt 60, possibly passes in front of a magnet 70 to remove the metal parts which it contains, and arrives in the impact treatment machine 200 in which it is "revalued". A more precise description of this step is given below.
  • ballast Once the ballast has been treated, it is sent to a second screen 80 where it is again sorted to separate the part of ballast which is too fine, for example whose particle size is less than or equal to 25 mm, from the part of ballast treated which can be reused, that is to say whose particle size is substantially identical to a determined particle size range corresponding to that of a new ballast, for example a range between 25 and 50 mm.
  • the unusable part of ballast is conveyed by a fifth conveyor belt 90 to serve as a load for road surfacing, while the usable part is conveyed by a sixth conveyor belt 100 towards the railroad or towards an annexed storage device (not shown ).
  • a cleaning step can also be added, either on the first screen, or on the second screen, or both, so as to improve the elimination of the layer of dust and dirt "stuck" to the ballast to create ballast "clean".
  • the screen (s) 30 and 80 may be provided with washing means 35/85, for example with water, preferably hot and provided with cleaning product.
  • FIG. 2 represents the ballast treatment machine 200 used in one of the stages of the recovery process described above.
  • This machine 200 comprises a metal chassis 210 of substantially prismatic or cubic shape provided with an opening 215 for feeding through which the portion of used ballast which can be treated, that is to say the ballast whose particle size is for example between about 25 and 70 mm.
  • This chassis 210 is provided over its entire inner surface with fixed reinforcing elements 220 which will serve as pitfall-crushers against which the stones will be thrown so as to be crushed.
  • These elements 220 are preferably made of high-strength steel, preferably of the following composition:
  • a drum 230 rotating around an axis xx ′ is mounted in this chassis 210. It is connected to an internal combustion engine 235 whose rotation speed can be varied (for example using a gearbox) .
  • This drum 230 is also reinforced on its external parts, and is preferably made of high-strength steel, preferably with the following composition:
  • This drum 230 is equipped on its periphery, with projection means 240, typically blades, for example four in number (or eight if two are placed side by side in the direction of the depth of the drum 230). These blades 240 are also reinforced and are preferably made of highly resistant steel, advantageously with the following composition:
  • the blades 240 can incorporate on the surface reduced ceramic zones 241, of a section (or diameter) advantageously between 1 and 5 mm.
  • Two deflecting plates 250 and 260 are also installed in the upper part of the chassis 210. They are pivotally mounted around the axes yy 'and zz 'parallel to the axis xx' of rotation of the drum 230. Each plate 250/260 is connected, at a point 254/264, to an arm 270/280 allowing them to be pivoted individually or at the same time around their axis respective.
  • Each plate 250/260 makes an angle ⁇ of inclination with the horizontal H, that is to say that the lines D and D '(lines perpendicular to the axes yy' / zz 'and passing through the points 254/264 ) are inclined with respect to the horizontal H.
  • One of the plates 260 is also provided with a damping means 290, typically a compression spring, so that the ballast which arrives on this plate is slightly damped by retraction of the plate 260.
  • a damping means 290 typically a compression spring
  • ballast flow can be adjusted by the frequency of oscillation of the screen 14 vibrating and / or by the speed of this fourth strip 60, which speed can vary from 0.8 to 2 meters per second approximately and is advantageously approximately 1.3 meters per second.
  • the used ballast falls of its own weight into the machine 200 and strikes the drum 230 and / or the projection means 240, the drum 230 rotating counterclockwise (arrows f).
  • This (first) shock (s) already allows certain fragments (fragments) of ballast to detach from the stones which constitute it, in particular in places where these stones have zones of less resistance (primer of rupture), or cracks, formed during freeze / thaw periods.
  • the stones then begin to present sharp edges.
  • the blades 240 also allow, by their rotation, to project the ballast in the direction of the deflecting plates 250/260 against which it still strikes to continue the formation of its sharp edges. Ballast stones are also thrown against each other, always for the same purpose.
  • the stones can also strike the various protective elements 220 of the chassis to continue the formation of sharp edges, these also being of very hard material.
  • the input flow rate of the used ballast is varied inside the machine, in the manner or methods described above (speed of the conveyor belt 60, vibration frequency of the screen 14).
  • speed of the conveyor belt 60, vibration frequency of the screen 14 the more stones there are, the more they will be able to project against each other in order to form the sharp edges.
  • the rotation speed of the drum 230 can be varied, knowing that the faster it goes, the faster the sharp edges will form and will be large (the impact being more violent).
  • the particle size of the ballast thus obtained will therefore be lower.
  • the speed of rotation can vary in practice between 15 and 50 meters per second, and preferably remains less than about 25 meters per second, which leaves a large margin of maneuver and makes it possible to refine the settings according to the ballast that the we want to obtain (number and dimensions of the edges, final particle size of the treated ballast).
  • Another solution is to tilt the deflecting plates
  • the angle of attack ⁇ of the ballast projected by the blades 240 is modified, and therefore the shape and the inclination of the sharp edges forming on this one.
  • the angle ⁇ of inclination will be between 20 ° and 40 ° for each plate, and preferably between 20 ° and 25 ° for the plate 250, and between 32 ° and 37 ° for the plate 260, so that the impact of the stones is not "full blast” on the said plates (we will make sure that the angle of attack ⁇ is less than 45 °), thus preventing the stones from bursting into too large pieces and coming out of the desired particle size range.
  • the chassis 210 has at least one horizontal sheet 221 forming a frame, preferably of the same coating as the reinforcing elements 220 (highly resistant steel ).
  • This frame 221 which reserves outlet spaces for the stones, makes it possible to complete the crushing of the ballast while distributing the pitfall-crusher means substantially all around the drum 230, on the internal surface of the chassis 210, thereby increasing by the same amount. the potential impact zones of the stones.
  • This frame 221 is extended in the lower part of the machine 200 by suspended peripheral plates 225 forming a chute 227 between which the stones, fallen through the outlet passages of the frame, pass practically without shock (without the formation of new sharp edges).
  • the recovered ballast is then sorted in the second screen 80 so as, as already explained, to keep only the part of treated ballast whose particle size is acceptable to constitute new "recycled" ballast, that is to say say for example a particle size between about 25 and 50 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for upgrading waste ballast comprising the following steps: a) recuperating the waste ballast of a railway track; b) sorting said ballast through a first screen (30), and recuperating that part of the ballast with size distribution range substantially identical or slightly higher than that of the new ballast; c) passing said ballast part through a shock processing machine (200) so as to shape the sharp edges by removing the splinters thereof in the least resistant places on the stones constituting it; d) recuperating the treated ballast, and sorting it in a second screen (80) so as to retain the part with size distribution range substantially identical with that the new ballast selected range; e) and before and/or after step d), conveying the ballast to a vibrating sieve (12) to eliminate dust particles.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF POUR LA REVALORISATION DE BALLAST USAGE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE RECOVERY OF BALLAST USAGE
L'invention a pour objet un procédé et un dispositif pour la revalorisation du ballast usagé.The subject of the invention is a method and a device for upgrading used ballast.
On s'est aperçu que le passage des trains, et notamment de trains à grande vitesse, provoquait une usure prématurée du ballast utilisé pour supporter les voies ferrées. En particulier, les pierres ou cailloux utilisé(e)s se fendillent ou se fissurent (surtout pendant les périodes de gel et de dégel), et leur contour devient de plus en plus arrondi (polissage). Or, un ballast de bonne qualité doit répondre à certains critères de granulométrie et respecter certaines conditions de tenue. Ainsi, le ballast doit contenir des cailloux dont les facettes sont pointues ou aiguisées pour qu'ils puissent s'agglomérer entre eux sans glisser les uns par rapport aux autres, comme le feraient par exemple des galets. Il est donc apparu nécessaire de remplacer ce ballast, et ce dans une fréquence d'une fois tous les 8 à 12 ans en moyenne, fréquence qui dépend du type de ligne (trains à grande vitesse, trains régionaux, trains de marchandises) et de sa fréquentation (banlieue, province).It has been found that the passage of trains, and in particular of high-speed trains, causes premature wear of the ballast used to support the railways. In particular, the stones or pebbles used crack or crack (especially during periods of freezing and thawing), and their outline becomes more and more rounded (polishing). However, a good quality ballast must meet certain particle size criteria and meet certain conditions of behavior. Thus, the ballast must contain pebbles whose facets are pointed or sharpened so that they can agglomerate with one another without sliding relative to one another, as pebbles would do, for example. It therefore appeared necessary to replace this ballast, and this in a frequency of once every 8 to 12 years on average, frequency which depends on the type of line (high speed trains, regional trains, freight trains) and its frequentation (suburbs, province).
Ce ballast, une fois retiré, est typiquement soit envoyé dans des broyeurs pour le réduire en granulat destiné à en faire du matériau de charge pour revêtement de routes, soit est stocké tel quel dans des décharges où il est inutilisé. On replace donc sous la voie ferrée à rénover du ballast neuf sortant d'une carrière. Il y a donc une perte importante au niveau des coûts d'entretien des lignes ferroviaires, ainsi que des pertes de matière première.This ballast, once removed, is typically either sent to crushers to reduce it to aggregate intended to make it a filler material for road surfacing, or is stored as such in landfills where it is not used. We therefore replace under the railway line to be renovated new ballast coming out of a quarry. There is therefore a significant loss in terms of maintenance costs for railway lines, as well as losses of raw material.
Pour résoudre ces inconvénients, l'invention propose un procédé pour la revalorisation de ballast usagé caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : a) on récupère du ballast usagé d'une voie ferrée, b) on transporte ledit ballast vers un premier crible où il est trié, et on récupère la partie de ballast dont la plage de granulométrie est sensiblement identique, ou légèrement supérieure, à celle d'un ballast neuf, c) on fait passer cette partie de ballast à l'intérieur d'une machine de traitement par choc de façon à façonner des arêtes vives en détachant des éclats de celui-ci en des endroits de moindre résistance des pierres qui le constituent, par choc desdites pierres du ballast entre elles et/ ou entre ces pierres et des moyens écueils-concasseurs internes à la machine, sans broyer les pierres, d) on récupère le ballast traité après passage dans la machine de traitement par choc, et on le fait passer dans un second crible où il est trié de façon à ne conserver que la partie du ballast traité dont la plage de granulométrie est sensiblement identique à celle du ballast neuf sélectionnée, e) et avant et/ ou après l'étape d), on achemine le ballast dans un tamis vibrant afin d'en éliminer les poussières.To resolve these drawbacks, the invention provides a process for the upgrading of used ballast, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) recovering used ballast from a railway, b) transporting said ballast to a first screen where it is sorted, and recovering the part of ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical, or slightly greater, than that of a new ballast, c) passing this part of ballast inside a shock treatment machine so as to shape sharp edges by detaching fragments of it in places of least resistance of the stones which constitute it, by shock of said stones of the ballast between them and / or between these stones and pit-crushing means internal to the machine, without crushing the stones, d) the treated ballast is recovered after passing through the shock treatment machine, and it is passed through a second screen where it is sorted so as to keep only the part of the treated ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical to that of the new ballast selected, e) and before and / or after step d), the ballas is conveyed t in a vibrating screen to remove dust.
Afin de pouvoir contrôler la formation des arêtes vives du ballast usagé, l'invention prévoit que pendant l'étape c), on projette le ballast dans la machine contre au moins une plaque déviatrice appartenant auxdits moyens écueils-concasseurs par l'intermédiaire d'un tambour rotatif interne équipé de moyens de projection dudit ballastIn order to be able to control the formation of the sharp edges of the used ballast, the invention provides that during step c), the ballast is projected into the machine against at least one deflecting plate belonging to said reef-crusher means by means of an internal rotary drum equipped with means for projecting said ballast
Si l'on souhaite retirer plus rapidement les poussières et autres impuretés du ballast usagé, et/ou les éclats de ballast après traitement de celui-ci, le procédé pourra comprendre en outre une étape de lavage du ballast récupéré. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on pourra utiliser dans le procédé au moins une plaque déviatrice réglable angulairement, et on pourra déterminer l'angle de réglage pour que les pierres soient projetées contre cette plaque par lesdits moyens de projection du tambour suivant un angle d'attaque supérieur à environ 45° par rapport à la normale aux plaques. Ainsi, on fera varier les conditions dans lesquelles les pierres viennent frapper cette plaque, ce qui permet d'obtenir du ballast traité de différentes qualités (dimensions des arêtes, répartition granulométrique du ballast). On évitera aussi que les pierres viennent frapper les plaques déviatrices "de plein fouet", ce qui aurait pour effet de les briser en morceaux.If it is desired to remove dust and other impurities from the used ballast more quickly, and / or the ballast fragments after treatment thereof, the method may further comprise a step of washing the recovered ballast. According to another characteristic of the invention, it will be possible to use in the method at least one angularly adjustable deflecting plate, and it will be possible to determine the angle of adjustment so that the stones are projected against this plate by said means for projecting the drum according to a angle of attack greater than approximately 45 ° from normal to the plates. Thus, we will vary the conditions under which the stones strike this plate, which makes it possible to obtain treated ballast of different qualities (dimensions of the edges, particle size distribution of the ballast). We will also prevent the stones from hitting the deflecting plates "with full force", which would have the effect of breaking them into pieces.
Afin de modifier les conditions dans lesquelles les pierres viennent frapper les moyens écueils-concasseurs, l'invention prévoit que l'on fasse tourner le tambour entre environ 15 et 50 mètres par seconde, et de préférence à une vitesse inférieure à environ 25 mètres par seconde, que l'on alimente en pierres la machine de traitement par choc par l'intermédiaire d'une bande de transport déplaçant les pierres jusqu'à l'entrée de ladite machine à une vitesse comprise entre 1 et 1,5 mètre par seconde, et de préférence sensiblement égale à 1,3 mètre par seconde, et que l'on règle l'inclinaison des plaques de sorte qu'elles fassent un angle avec l'horizontale compris entre environ 20° et 40°.In order to modify the conditions under which the stones strike the reef-crusher means, the invention provides that the drum is made to rotate between approximately 15 and 50 meters per second, and preferably at a speed less than approximately 25 meters per second, that the impact treatment machine is supplied with stones via a conveyor belt moving the stones to the entrance of said machine at a speed of between 1 and 1.5 meters per second , and preferably substantially equal to 1.3 meters per second, and that the inclination of the plates is adjusted so that they make an angle with the horizontal of between approximately 20 ° and 40 °.
L'invention concerne aussi un dispositif de revalorisation de ballast usagé comprenant :The invention also relates to a used ballast revaluation device comprising:
- au moins un tamis vibrant pour retirer des poussières du ballast,- at least one vibrating screen to remove dust from the ballast,
- un premier crible à au moins deux étages pour trier le ballast usagé en récupérant la partie de ce ballast dont la plage de granulométrie est sensiblement identique ou légèrement supérieure à celle d'un ballast neuf déterminé,a first screen with at least two stages for sorting the used ballast by recovering the part of this ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical or slightly greater than that of a determined new ballast,
- une machine de traitement par choc permettant de façonner des arêtes vives sur ledit ballast usagé en détachant des éclats de celui-ci en des endroits de moindre résistance des pierres qui le constituent, par choc desdites pierres du ballast entre elles et/ ou entre ces pierres et des moyens écueils-concasseurs internes à la machine, de façon à créer un ballast réutilisable,an impact treatment machine making it possible to shape sharp edges on said used ballast by detaching fragments of it in places of least resistance of the stones which constitute it, by impact of said stones of the ballast between them and / or between these stones and pit-crusher means internal to the machine, so as to create a reusable ballast,
- un second crible disposé après la sortie de la machine de traitement et destiné à trier le ballast traité en conservant la partie dudit ballast dont la plage de granulométrie est sensiblement identique à celle du ballast neuf.- a second screen disposed after leaving the treatment machine and intended to sort the treated ballast while preserving the part of said ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical to that of new ballast.
Selon une considération complémentaire, la machine de traitement par choc comprendra de préférence : - un châssis muni d'une ouverture d'introduction du ballast usagé, le châssis renfermant :According to an additional consideration, the shock treatment machine will preferably comprise: a chassis provided with an opening for introducing the used ballast, the chassis containing:
- un tambour relié à un moteur et monté tournant autour d'un axe de rotation, ledit tambour étant équipé de moyens de projection du ballast usagé, ces moyens comprenant de préférence des parties en céramique d'une section comprise entre environ 1 et 5 millimètre(s),- A drum connected to a motor and mounted rotating around an axis of rotation, said drum being equipped with means for projecting the used ballast, these means preferably comprising ceramic parts with a section of between approximately 1 and 5 millimeters (s),
- et des moyens écueils-concasseurs contre lesquels le ballast usagé est projeté, ces moyens comprenant au moins une plaque déviatrice réglable en orientation, disposée sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de rotation xx' du tambour, et des plaques fixes renforçant intérieurement ledit châssis.- And reef-crusher means against which the used ballast is projected, these means comprising at least one deflecting plate adjustable in orientation, disposed substantially parallel to the axis of rotation xx 'of the drum, and fixed plates internally reinforcing said chassis.
De façon à optimiser le traitement du ballast et en particulier afin de mieux répartir les arêtes vives créées sur le ballast, la solution propose que la machine de traitement par choc comprenne :In order to optimize the treatment of the ballast and in particular to better distribute the sharp edges created on the ballast, the solution proposes that the shock treatment machine include:
- au moins deux plaques déviatrices, chacune montée pivotante autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation du tambour, lesdites plaques faisant un angle d'inclinaison avec l'horizontale, etat least two deflecting plates, each pivotally mounted about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum, said plates making an angle of inclination with the horizontal, and
- des moyens pour faire pivoter au moins une desdites plaques autour de son axe de rotation de façon à faire varier ledit angle d'inclinaison.- Means for pivoting at least one of said plates about its axis of rotation so as to vary said angle of inclination.
De préférence, cet angle d'inclinaison sera réglable et compris entre 20° et 40°.Preferably, this angle of inclination will be adjustable and between 20 ° and 40 °.
Ainsi, en faisant varier l'angle que fait chacune des plaques déviatrices avec l'horizontale, on fait varier l'angle d'attaque du ballast venant percuter celle-ci, et donc les conditions de formation des arêtes vives. Si l'on souhaite augmenter ou réduire la force avec laquelle le ballast usagé vient frapper la(les) plaque(s), l'invention propose que le tambour soit relié à un moteur à vitesses variables (moteur à explosion accouplé à une boîte de vitesse, de préférence).Thus, by varying the angle made by each of the deflecting plates with the horizontal, the angle of attack of the ballast striking the latter is varied, and therefore the conditions for the formation of sharp edges. If one wishes to increase or reduce the force with which the used ballast strikes the plate (s), the invention proposes that the drum is connected to a variable speed motor (internal combustion engine preferably coupled to a gearbox).
Si l'on souhaite encore améliorer les conditions de formation des facettes sur le ballast usagé, l'invention propose que l'une des plaques soit montée sur des moyens d'amortissement encaissant les chocs trop violents qui risqueraient de réduire les pierres en éléments trop petits.If it is still desired to improve the conditions for forming facets on the used ballast, the invention proposes that one of the plates be mounted on damping means absorbing too violent shocks which would risk reducing the stones too much. small.
Afin de ne pas abîmer le ballast traité, l'invention propose que la machine comprenne en sortie une goulotte comprenant au moins une plaque sensiblement horizontale formant un cadre et appartenant aux moyens écueils-concasseurs, ladite plaque étant prolongée en partie inférieure par des plaques suspendues entre lesquelles le ballast passe sans choc de concassage.In order not to damage the treated ballast, the invention proposes that the machine comprises at the outlet a chute comprising at least one substantially horizontal plate forming a frame and belonging to the pit-crusher means, said plate being extended at the bottom by hanging plates between which the ballast passes without crushing shock.
Si l'on souhaite améliorer les conditions de formation des arêtes vives du ballast tout en ayant une machine dont la durée de vie soit importante (relativement faible fréquence de changement des pièces usées), l'invention propose que certains au moins des moyens écueils-concasseurs contiennent dans leur composition métallurgique :If it is desired to improve the conditions for forming the sharp edges of the ballast while having a machine with a long service life (relatively low frequency of changing worn parts), the invention proposes that some at least some pitfalls - crushers contain in their metallurgical composition:
- un pourcentage de carbone compris entre environ 0,13 et 0,24- a percentage of carbon of between approximately 0.13 and 0.24
- un pourcentage de nickel inférieur à environ 0,7 - un pourcentage de chrome inférieur à environ 1,5- a percentage of nickel less than approximately 0.7 - a percentage of chromium less than approximately 1.5
- un pourcentage de manganèse compris entre environ 1,2 et 1,4 -un pourcentage de silicium compris entre environ 0,25 et 0,45- a percentage of manganese between approximately 1.2 and 1.4 - a percentage of silicon between approximately 0.25 and 0.45
- un pourcentage de soufre inférieur à environ 0,005- a percentage of sulfur less than about 0.005
- un pourcentage de phosphore inférieur à environ 0,001 - un pourcentage de molybdène compris entre environ 0,2 et 0,5- a percentage of phosphorus less than approximately 0.001 - a percentage of molybdenum of between approximately 0.2 and 0.5
- et un pourcentage de bore inférieur à environ 0,002. L'invention et sa mise en oeuvre apparaîtront encore plus clairement à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, faite en référence aux dessins dans lesquels : - la figure 1 représente le dispositif de revalorisation du ballast usagé conforme à la présente invention.- and a percentage of boron of less than approximately 0.002. The invention and its implementation will appear even more clearly with the aid of the description which follows, given with reference to the drawings in which: - Figure 1 shows the device for upgrading the used ballast according to the present invention.
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'une machine de traitement utilisée dans le dispositif de valorisation du ballast illustré par la figure 1. Sur la figure 1, on voit donc un dispositif de revalorisation du ballast usagé. Ce dispositif comprend les moyens suivants, énumérés selon le sens de circulation du ballast dans le dispositif de revalorisation :- Figure 2 is a sectional view of a processing machine used in the ballast recovery device illustrated in Figure 1. In Figure 1, there is therefore a device for upgrading the used ballast. This device comprises the following means, listed according to the direction of circulation of the ballast in the revalorization device:
- un chargeur 10 à roues équipé d'une trémie 12 inférieure et d'un tamis 14 vibrant, de préférence à fréquence variable, - une première bande 20 de transport du ballast vers un premier crible 30,a wheel loader 10 fitted with a lower hopper 12 and a vibrating screen 14, preferably at variable frequency, a first belt 20 for transporting the ballast to a first screen 30,
- un premier crible 30 à au moins deux étages, et de préférence trois,a first screen 30 with at least two stages, and preferably three,
- une seconde bande 40 de transport pour évacuer le ballast usagé trop fin pour être traité, par exemple dont la granulométrie est inférieure ou égale à environ 25 mm,a second conveyor belt 40 for discharging the used ballast which is too fine to be treated, for example whose particle size is less than or equal to about 25 mm,
- une troisième bande 50 de transport pour évacuer le ballast usagé trop gros pour être traité, par exemple dont la granulométrie est supérieure ou égale à environ 70 mm, - une quatrième bande 60 de transport pour récupérer la partie de ballast usagé dont la plage de granulométrie est légèrement supérieure à celle d'un ballast neuf, par exemple comprise entre environ 25 et 70 mm, et l'apporter vers une machine 200 de traitement par choc,a third conveyor belt 50 for discharging the used ballast that is too large to be treated, for example whose particle size is greater than or equal to about 70 mm, a fourth conveyor belt 60 for recovering the part of used ballast whose range particle size is slightly greater than that of a new ballast, for example between approximately 25 and 70 mm, and bring it to a machine 200 for impact treatment,
- accessoirement, un démagnétiseur 70 pour retirer les parties métalliques de ladite partie de ballast usagé,- incidentally, a demagnetizer 70 for removing the metal parts of said used ballast part,
- une machine 200 de traitement de ladite partie de ballast usagé, laquelle sera décrite plus en détail à l'aide de la figure 2,a machine 200 for processing said part of used ballast, which will be described in more detail with the aid of FIG. 2,
- un second crible 80 à deux étages, disposé en sortie de la machine et récupérant le ballast traité (c'est-à-dire muni d'arêtes vives), - une cinquième bande 90 de transport pour évacuer le ballast traité trop fin pour être utilisé, par exemple dont la granulométrie est inférieure ou égale à environ 25 mm,- a second two-stage screen 80, disposed at the outlet of the machine and recovering the treated ballast (that is to say provided with sharp edges), a fifth conveyor belt 90 for evacuating the treated ballast which is too fine to be used, for example whose particle size is less than or equal to about 25 mm,
- une sixième bande 100 de transport pour récupérer la partie de ballast traité réutilisable, c'est-à-dire dont la gamme de granulométrie est sensiblement identique à celle d'un ballast neuf, par exemple comprise entre environ 25 et 50 mm.- A sixth conveyor belt 100 for recovering the part of reusable treated ballast, that is to say one whose particle size range is substantially identical to that of a new ballast, for example between about 25 and 50 mm.
Nous allons maintenant décrire le fonctionnement général du dispositif, c'est-à-dire en réalité le procédé de revalorisation du ballast : - Le ballast usagé est récupéré sur une voie ferrée dont on veut remplacer le ballast II est acheminé par un chargeur 10 à roues, sort de la trémie et passe sur un tamis 14 vibrant associé. Dans ce tamis vibrant 14, on répartit le ballast humide et le ballast sec de façon homogène, et on retire les poussières et autres impuretés présentes à sa surface (mousse, débris de pierre collés à celles du ballast, dépôts gras ...). La fréquence de vibration du tamis peut varier de façon à laisser passer plus ou moins de ballast dans le circuit de revalorisation. Avantageusement, le débit de ballast usagé sera d'environ 20 à 35 kg par seconde.We will now describe the general operation of the device, that is to say in reality the process of upgrading the ballast: - The used ballast is recovered on a railway track for which we want to replace the ballast II is transported by a charger 10 to wheels, leaves the hopper and passes over an associated vibrating sieve 14. In this vibrating screen 14, the wet ballast and the dry ballast are distributed homogeneously, and the dust and other impurities present on its surface are removed (foam, stone debris bonded to that of the ballast, fatty deposits, etc.). The frequency of vibration of the sieve can vary so as to allow more or less ballast to pass through the revalorization circuit. Advantageously, the used ballast flow rate will be approximately 20 to 35 kg per second.
- Ce ballast usagé est acheminé par la première bande 20 de transport vers un premier crible 30 où il est trié à l'aide de deux plans de séparation (soit trois étages). Ainsi, on récupère une première partie du ballast usagé trop fin pour pouvoir être traité, par exemple dont la granulométrie est inférieure ou égale à environ 25 mm. Cette partie est évacuée par la seconde bande 40 de transport et peut par exemple être broyée pour servir de charge pour des revêtements routiers. On récupère aussi une seconde partie de ballast usagé trop gros, c'est-à-dire dont la granulométrie est supérieure ou égale à environ 70 mm, et on l'évacué sur la troisième bande 50 de transport Enfin, on récupère la partie de ballast susceptible de constituer du ballast neuf, c'est-à-dire dont la plage de granulométrie est sensiblement identique ou légèrement supérieure à une plage de granulométrie déterminée correspondant à celle d'un ballast neuf, par exemple une plage comprise entre environ 25 et 70 mm.- This used ballast is routed by the first conveyor belt 20 to a first screen 30 where it is sorted using two separation planes (three floors). Thus, a first part of the used ballast is recovered that is too fine to be able to be treated, for example whose particle size is less than or equal to about 25 mm. This part is evacuated by the second conveyor belt 40 and can for example be crushed to serve as a charge for road surfaces. A second part of excessively used ballast is also recovered, that is to say one whose particle size is greater than or equal to about 70 mm, and it is discharged onto the third conveyor belt 50 Finally, the part of ballast likely to constitute new ballast, that is to say one whose particle size range is substantially identical or slightly greater than a determined particle size range corresponding to that of a new ballast, for example a range between about 25 and 70 mm.
- Une fois cette partie de ballast récupérée, elle est convoyée sur une quatrième bande 60 de transport, passe éventuellement devant un aimant 70 pour retirer les parties métalliques qu'il contient, et arrive dans la machine 200 de traitement à choc dans laquelle il est "revalorisé". Une description plus précise de cette étape est faite ci-après.- Once this part of ballast is recovered, it is conveyed on a fourth conveyor belt 60, possibly passes in front of a magnet 70 to remove the metal parts which it contains, and arrives in the impact treatment machine 200 in which it is "revalued". A more precise description of this step is given below.
- Une fois le ballast traité, il est envoyé dans un second crible 80 où il est de nouveau trié pour séparer la partie de ballast traité trop fine, par exemple dont la granulométrie est inférieure ou égale à 25 mm, de la partie de ballast traité qui peut être réutilisé, c'est-à-dire dont la granulométrie est sensiblement identique à une plage de granulométrie déterminée correspondant à celle d'un ballast neuf, par exemple une plage comprise entre 25 et 50 mm. La partie de ballast inutilisable est acheminée par une cinquième bande 90 de transport pour servir de charge pour revêtement routier, tandis que la partie utilisable est acheminée par une sixième bande 100 de transport vers la voie ferrée ou vers un dispositif de stockage annexe (non représenté).- Once the ballast has been treated, it is sent to a second screen 80 where it is again sorted to separate the part of ballast which is too fine, for example whose particle size is less than or equal to 25 mm, from the part of ballast treated which can be reused, that is to say whose particle size is substantially identical to a determined particle size range corresponding to that of a new ballast, for example a range between 25 and 50 mm. The unusable part of ballast is conveyed by a fifth conveyor belt 90 to serve as a load for road surfacing, while the usable part is conveyed by a sixth conveyor belt 100 towards the railroad or towards an annexed storage device (not shown ).
Une étape de nettoyage peut aussi être ajoutée, soit sur le premier crible, soit sur le second crible, soit sur les deux, de façon à améliorer l'élimination de la couche de poussière et de saletés "collées" au ballast pour créer du ballast "propre". Pour cela, on pourra munir le(s) crible(s) 30 et 80 de moyens de lavage 35/85, par exemple à l'eau, de préférence chaude et munie de produit de nettoyage. La figure 2 représente la machine 200 de traitement du ballast utilisé dans l'une des étapes du procédé de valorisation décrit précédemment.A cleaning step can also be added, either on the first screen, or on the second screen, or both, so as to improve the elimination of the layer of dust and dirt "stuck" to the ballast to create ballast "clean". For this, the screen (s) 30 and 80 may be provided with washing means 35/85, for example with water, preferably hot and provided with cleaning product. FIG. 2 represents the ballast treatment machine 200 used in one of the stages of the recovery process described above.
Cette machine 200 comprend un châssis 210 métallique de forme sensiblement prismatique ou cubique muni d'une ouverture 215 d'alimentation par laquelle arrive la partie de ballast usagé pouvant être traitée, c'est-à-dire le ballast dont la granulométrie est comprise par exemple entre environ 25 et 70 mm. Ce châssis 210 est muni sur toute sa surface intérieure d'éléments fixes 220 de renfort qui vont servir de moyens écueils- concasseurs contre lesquels les pierres vont être projetées de façon à être concassées. Ces éléments 220 sont de préférence en acier à haute résistance, de préférence de composition suivante :This machine 200 comprises a metal chassis 210 of substantially prismatic or cubic shape provided with an opening 215 for feeding through which the portion of used ballast which can be treated, that is to say the ballast whose particle size is for example between about 25 and 70 mm. This chassis 210 is provided over its entire inner surface with fixed reinforcing elements 220 which will serve as pitfall-crushers against which the stones will be thrown so as to be crushed. These elements 220 are preferably made of high-strength steel, preferably of the following composition:
- un pourcentage de carbone compris entre environ 0,13 et 0,24- a percentage of carbon of between approximately 0.13 and 0.24
- un pourcentage de nickel inférieur à environ 0,7- a percentage of nickel less than about 0.7
- un pourcentage de chrome inférieur à environ 1,5 - un pourcentage de manganèse compris entre environ 1,2 et 1,4- a percentage of chromium less than approximately 1.5 - a percentage of manganese of between approximately 1.2 and 1.4
- un pourcentage de silicium compris entre environ 0,25 et 0,45- a percentage of silicon between approximately 0.25 and 0.45
- un pourcentage de soufre inférieur à environ 0,005- a percentage of sulfur less than about 0.005
- un pourcentage de phosphore inférieur à environ 0,001- a percentage of phosphorus less than about 0.001
- un pourcentage de molybdène compris entre environ 0,2 et 0,5 - et un pourcentage de bore inférieur à environ 0,002.- a percentage of molybdenum of between approximately 0.2 and 0.5 - and a percentage of boron of less than approximately 0.002.
Un tambour 230 rotatif autour d'un axe xx' est monté dans ce châssis 210. Il est relié à un moteur 235 à explosion dont on peut faire varier la vitesse de rotation (par exemple à l'aide d'une boîte de vitesse). Ce tambour 230 est aussi renforcé sur ses parties externes, et est réalisé de préférence en acier à haute résistance, avec de préférence la composition suivante :A drum 230 rotating around an axis xx ′ is mounted in this chassis 210. It is connected to an internal combustion engine 235 whose rotation speed can be varied (for example using a gearbox) . This drum 230 is also reinforced on its external parts, and is preferably made of high-strength steel, preferably with the following composition:
- un pourcentage de carbone compris entre environ 0,13 et 0,24- a percentage of carbon of between approximately 0.13 and 0.24
- un pourcentage de nickel inférieur à environ 0,7- a percentage of nickel less than about 0.7
- un pourcentage de chrome inférieur à environ 1,5 - un pourcentage de manganèse compris entre environ 1,2 et 1,4- a percentage of chromium less than approximately 1.5 - a percentage of manganese of between approximately 1.2 and 1.4
- un pourcentage de silicium compris entre environ 0,25 et 0,45- a percentage of silicon between approximately 0.25 and 0.45
- un pourcentage de soufre inférieur à environ 0,005- a percentage of sulfur less than about 0.005
- un pourcentage de phosphore inférieur à environ 0,001- a percentage of phosphorus less than about 0.001
- un pourcentage de molybdène compris entre environ 0,2 et 0,5 - et un pourcentage de bore inférieur à environ 0,002. Ce tambour 230 est équipé sur son pourtour, de moyens 240 de projection, typiquement des pales, par exemple au nombre de quatre (ou de huit si l'on en met deux côte à côte dans le sens de la profondeur du tambour 230). Ces pales 240 sont aussi renforcées et sont de préférence en acier hautement résistant, avec avantageusement la composition suivante :- a percentage of molybdenum of between approximately 0.2 and 0.5 - and a percentage of boron of less than approximately 0.002. This drum 230 is equipped on its periphery, with projection means 240, typically blades, for example four in number (or eight if two are placed side by side in the direction of the depth of the drum 230). These blades 240 are also reinforced and are preferably made of highly resistant steel, advantageously with the following composition:
- un pourcentage de carbone compris entre environ 0,13 et 0,24- a percentage of carbon of between approximately 0.13 and 0.24
- un pourcentage de nickel inférieur à environ 0,7- a percentage of nickel less than about 0.7
- un pourcentage de chrome inférieur à environ 1,5- a percentage of chromium less than about 1.5
- un pourcentage de manganèse compris entre environ 1,2 et 1,4 -un pourcentage de silicium compris entre environ 0,25 et 0,45- a percentage of manganese between approximately 1.2 and 1.4 - a percentage of silicon between approximately 0.25 and 0.45
- un pourcentage de soufre inférieur à environ 0,005- a percentage of sulfur less than about 0.005
- un pourcentage de phosphore inférieur à environ 0,001- a percentage of phosphorus less than about 0.001
- un pourcentage de molybdène compris entre environ 0,2 et 0,5- a percentage of molybdenum of between approximately 0.2 and 0.5
- et un pourcentage de bore inférieur à environ 0,002. Localement, les pales 240 peuvent incorporer en surface des zones réduites en céramique 241, d'une section (ou diamètre) compris(e) avantageusement entre 1 et 5 mm.- and a percentage of boron of less than approximately 0.002. Locally, the blades 240 can incorporate on the surface reduced ceramic zones 241, of a section (or diameter) advantageously between 1 and 5 mm.
Deux plaques déviatrices 250 et 260, réalisées par exemple en acier "blanc", c'est-à-dire brut d'aciérie, sont aussi installées dans la partie haute du châssis 210. Elles sont montées pivotantes respectivement autour des axes yy' et zz' parallèles à l'axe xx' de rotation du tambour 230. Chaque plaque 250/260 est reliée, en un point 254/264, à un bras 270/280 permettant de les faire pivoter individuellement ou en même temps autour de leur axe respectif. Chaque plaque 250/260 fait un angle α d'inclinaison avec l'horizontale H, c'est-à-dire que les droites D et D' (droites perpendiculaires aux axes yy'/ zz' et passant par les points 254/264) sont inclinées par rapport à l'horizontale H.Two deflecting plates 250 and 260, made for example of "white" steel, that is to say crude steel, are also installed in the upper part of the chassis 210. They are pivotally mounted around the axes yy 'and zz 'parallel to the axis xx' of rotation of the drum 230. Each plate 250/260 is connected, at a point 254/264, to an arm 270/280 allowing them to be pivoted individually or at the same time around their axis respective. Each plate 250/260 makes an angle α of inclination with the horizontal H, that is to say that the lines D and D '(lines perpendicular to the axes yy' / zz 'and passing through the points 254/264 ) are inclined with respect to the horizontal H.
Une des plaques 260 est aussi munie d'un moyen 290 d'amortissement, typiquement un ressort de compression, de sorte que le ballast qui arrive sur cette plaque est légèrement amorti par recul de la plaque 260.One of the plates 260 is also provided with a damping means 290, typically a compression spring, so that the ballast which arrives on this plate is slightly damped by retraction of the plate 260.
Nous allons maintenant décrire l'étape de revalorisation proprement dite, c'est-à-dire celle qui se passe dans la machine 200 de traitement à choc.We will now describe the actual upgrading step, that is to say that which takes place in the impact treatment machine 200.
Une fois le ballast usagé trié, il est transporté sur la quatrième bande 60 de transport vers la machine 200 de traitement et arrive dans celle- ci par son ouverture 215. Le débit de ballast peut être réglé par la fréquence d'oscillation du tamis 14 vibrant et/ ou par la vitesse de cette quatrième bande 60, laquelle vitesse peut varier de 0,8 à 2 mètre par seconde environ et est avantageusement d'environ 1,3 mètre par seconde.Once the used ballast has been sorted, it is transported on the fourth conveyor belt 60 to the treatment machine 200 and arrives therein through its opening 215. The ballast flow can be adjusted by the frequency of oscillation of the screen 14 vibrating and / or by the speed of this fourth strip 60, which speed can vary from 0.8 to 2 meters per second approximately and is advantageously approximately 1.3 meters per second.
Le ballast usagé tombe de son propre poids dans la machine 200 et vient frapper le tambour 230 et/ ou les moyens 240 de projection, le tambour 230 tournant dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre (flèches f). Ce(s) ρremier(s) choc(c) permet(tent) déjà à certains fragments (éclats) de ballast de se détacher des pierres qui le constituent, en particulier aux endroits où ces pierres possèdent des zones de moindre résistance (amorce de rupture), ou fissures, formées lors de périodes de gel/ dégel. Les pierres commencent alors à présenter des arêtes vives. Les pales 240 permettent aussi, par leur rotation, de projeter le ballast en direction des plaques déviatrices 250/260 contre lesquelles celui-ci vient encore frapper pour continuer la formation de ses arêtes vives. Les pierres du ballast sont aussi projetées les unes contre les autres, toujours dans le même but. Enfin, les pierres peuvent aussi venir frapper les différents éléments 220 de protection du châssis pour poursuivre la formation des arêtes vives, ceux-ci étant aussi en matériau très dur.The used ballast falls of its own weight into the machine 200 and strikes the drum 230 and / or the projection means 240, the drum 230 rotating counterclockwise (arrows f). This (first) shock (s) already allows certain fragments (fragments) of ballast to detach from the stones which constitute it, in particular in places where these stones have zones of less resistance (primer of rupture), or cracks, formed during freeze / thaw periods. The stones then begin to present sharp edges. The blades 240 also allow, by their rotation, to project the ballast in the direction of the deflecting plates 250/260 against which it still strikes to continue the formation of its sharp edges. Ballast stones are also thrown against each other, always for the same purpose. Finally, the stones can also strike the various protective elements 220 of the chassis to continue the formation of sharp edges, these also being of very hard material.
Ainsi, par les différents chocs que subit le ballast contre ces moyens écueils-concasseurs formés en particulier par les plaques 250/260 et les éléments de renfort 220, des arêtes vives se créent petit à petit, transformant du ballast usagé sensiblement lisse en ballast réutilisable.Thus, by the various shocks that the ballast undergoes against these reef-crusher means formed in particular by the plates 250/260 and reinforcement elements 220, sharp edges are gradually created, transforming substantially smooth used ballast into reusable ballast.
Si l'on souhaite modifier les conditions dans lesquelles les arêtes vives se forment sur le ballast usagé lors de son traitement dans la machine 200, plusieurs solutions combinables sont offertes.If one wishes to modify the conditions under which the sharp edges are formed on the used ballast during its treatment in the machine 200, several combinable solutions are offered.
On fait varier le débit d'entrée du ballast usagé à l'intérieur de la machine, de la ou des façon(s) décrite(s) précédemment (vitesse de la bande de transport 60, fréquence de vibration du tamis 14). Ainsi, plus il y aura de pierres, plus elles pourront se projeter les unes contre les autres afin de former les arêtes vives.The input flow rate of the used ballast is varied inside the machine, in the manner or methods described above (speed of the conveyor belt 60, vibration frequency of the screen 14). Thus, the more stones there are, the more they will be able to project against each other in order to form the sharp edges.
On peut faire varier la vitesse de rotation du tambour 230, sachant que plus celui-ci ira vite, plus les arêtes vives se formeront rapidement et seront de grandes dimensions (le choc étant plus violent). La granulométrie du ballast ainsi obtenu sera donc plus basse. La vitesse de rotation peut varier en pratique entre 15 et 50 mètres par seconde, et de préférence reste inférieure à environ 25 mètres par seconde, ce qui laisse une grande marge de manoeuvre et permet d'affiner les réglages en fonction du ballast que l'on souhaite obtenir (nombre et dimensions des arêtes, granulométrie finale du ballast traité). Enfin, une autre solution consiste à incliner les plaques déviatricesThe rotation speed of the drum 230 can be varied, knowing that the faster it goes, the faster the sharp edges will form and will be large (the impact being more violent). The particle size of the ballast thus obtained will therefore be lower. The speed of rotation can vary in practice between 15 and 50 meters per second, and preferably remains less than about 25 meters per second, which leaves a large margin of maneuver and makes it possible to refine the settings according to the ballast that the we want to obtain (number and dimensions of the edges, final particle size of the treated ballast). Another solution is to tilt the deflecting plates
250/260 autour de leurs axes à l'aide des bras 270/280. Par cette inclinaison de l'une ou l'autre des plaques (ou des deux), on modifie l'angle d'attaque β du ballast projeté par les pales 240, et donc la forme et l'inclinaison des arêtes vives se formant sur celui-ci. En pratique, l'angle α d'inclinaison sera compris entre 20° et 40° pour chaque plaque, et de préférence entre 20° et 25° pour la plaque 250, et entre 32° et 37° pour la plaque 260, de sorte que l'impact des pierres ne se fasse pas "de plein fouet" sur lesdites plaques (on fera en sorte que l'angle d'attaque β soit inférieur à 45°), évitant ainsi que les pierres éclatent en trop gros morceaux et sortent de la plage de granulométrie désirée. En partie basse du châssis 210, à l'endroit où les pierres doivent tomber sous la machine 200, le châssis 210 présente au moins une tôle horizontale 221 formant un cadre, de préférence de même revêtement que les éléments de renfort 220 (acier hautement résistant). Ce cadre 221, qui réserve des espaces de sortie pour les pierres, permet de terminer le concassage du ballast tout en en répartissant les moyens écueils-concasseurs sensiblement tout autour du tambour 230, sur la surface interne du châssis 210, augmentant ainsi d'autant les zones potentielles d'impact des pierres.250/260 around their axes using arms 270/280. By this inclination of one or the other of the plates (or both), the angle of attack β of the ballast projected by the blades 240 is modified, and therefore the shape and the inclination of the sharp edges forming on this one. In practice, the angle α of inclination will be between 20 ° and 40 ° for each plate, and preferably between 20 ° and 25 ° for the plate 250, and between 32 ° and 37 ° for the plate 260, so that the impact of the stones is not "full blast" on the said plates (we will make sure that the angle of attack β is less than 45 °), thus preventing the stones from bursting into too large pieces and coming out of the desired particle size range. In the lower part of the chassis 210, at the place where the stones must fall under the machine 200, the chassis 210 has at least one horizontal sheet 221 forming a frame, preferably of the same coating as the reinforcing elements 220 (highly resistant steel ). This frame 221, which reserves outlet spaces for the stones, makes it possible to complete the crushing of the ballast while distributing the pitfall-crusher means substantially all around the drum 230, on the internal surface of the chassis 210, thereby increasing by the same amount. the potential impact zones of the stones.
Ce cadre 221 se prolonge en partie inférieure de la machine 200 par des plaques 225 périphériques suspendues formant une goulotte 227 entre lesquelles les pierres, tombées à travers les passages de sortie du cadre, passent pratiquement sans choc (sans formation de nouvelles arêtes vives). Le ballast récupéré est alors trié dans le second crible 80 afin, comme on l'a déjà expliqué, de ne conserver que la partie de ballast traité dont la granulométrie est acceptable pour constituer du ballast neuf "recyclé", c'est- à-dire par exemple une granulométrie comprise entre environ 25 et 50 mm. This frame 221 is extended in the lower part of the machine 200 by suspended peripheral plates 225 forming a chute 227 between which the stones, fallen through the outlet passages of the frame, pass practically without shock (without the formation of new sharp edges). The recovered ballast is then sorted in the second screen 80 so as, as already explained, to keep only the part of treated ballast whose particle size is acceptable to constitute new "recycled" ballast, that is to say say for example a particle size between about 25 and 50 mm.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Procédé pour la revalorisation de ballast usagé comprenant les étapes suivantes : a) on récupère du ballast usagé d'une voie ferrée, b) on transporte ledit ballast vers un premier crible (30) où il est trié, et on récupère la partie de ballast dont la plage de granulométrie est sensiblement identique ou légèrement supérieure à celle d'un ballast neuf, c) on fait passer cette partie de ballast à l'intérieur d'une machine (200) de traitement par choc, d) on récupère le ballast traité après passage dans la machine (200) de traitement par choc, et on le fait passer dans un second crible (80) où il est trié de façon à ne conserver que la partie du ballast traité dont la plage de granulométrie est sensiblement identique à celle du ballast neuf sélectionnée, e) et avant et/ ou après l'étape d), on achemine le ballast dans un tamis (12) vibrant afin d'en éliminer les poussières1. A method for upgrading used ballast comprising the following steps: a) recovering used ballast from a railway, b) transporting said ballast to a first screen (30) where it is sorted, and recovering the portion of ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical to or slightly greater than that of a new ballast, c) passing this part of ballast inside an impact treatment machine (200), d) recovering the treated ballast after passing through the impact treatment machine (200), and it is passed through a second screen (80) where it is sorted so as to keep only the part of the treated ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical to that of the new ballast selected, e) and before and / or after step d), the ballast is conveyed through a vibrating screen (12) in order to remove the dust therefrom
- caractérisé en ce que, dans l'étape c), on projette les pierres constituant le ballast contre des moyens écueils-concasseur (220, 250, 260, 221) interne à la machine (200) et/ ou on fait s'entrechoquer lesdites pierres entre elles, de façon à façonner des arêtes vives en détachant des éclats de celles-ci en des endroits de moindre résistance, sans broyer lesdites pierres.- characterized in that, in step c), the stones constituting the ballast are thrown against pitfall-crusher means (220, 250, 260, 221) internal to the machine (200) and / or we collide said stones therebetween, so as to shape sharp edges by detaching fragments thereof in places of less resistance, without crushing said stones.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que pendant l'étape c), on projette dans la machine (200) le ballast contre au moins une plaque déviatrice (250 ; 260) appartenant auxdits moyens écueils-concasseurs (220, 250, 260, 221) par l'intermédiaire d'un tambour (230) rotatif interne équipé de moyens (240) de projection dudit ballast2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that during step c), the ballast is projected into the machine (200) against at least one deflecting plate (250; 260) belonging to said pit-crusher means (220, 250 , 260, 221) by means of an internal rotary drum (230) equipped with means (240) for projecting said ballast
3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que qu'il comprend en outre une étape de lavage du ballast récupéré. 3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a step of washing the recovered ballast.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise au moins une plaque déviatrice (250, 260) réglable angulairement et on détermine l'angle de réglage α de chaque plaque (250, 260) par rapport à l'horizontale H pour que les pierres soient projetées contre elle(s) par lesdits moyens de projection (240) du tambour (230) suivant un angle d'attaque β supérieur à environ 45° par rapport à la normale aux plaques (250, 260).4. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that at least one deflecting plate (250, 260) is angularly used and the adjustment angle α of each plate (250, 260) is determined. ) relative to the horizontal H so that the stones are projected against it (s) by said projection means (240) of the drum (230) at an angle of attack β greater than about 45 ° relative to normal to plates (250, 260).
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que : - on fait tourner le tambour (230) à une vitesse comprise entre environ5. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: - the drum (230) is rotated at a speed between approximately
15 et 50 mètres par seconde, et de préférence à une vitesse inférieure à environ 25 mètres par seconde,15 and 50 meters per second, and preferably at a speed of less than about 25 meters per second,
- on alimente en pierres la machine (200) de traitement par choc par l'intermédiaire d'une bande (60) de transport déplaçant les pierres jusqu'à l'entrée (215) de ladite machine (200) à une vitesse comprise entre 1 et 1,5 mètre par seconde, et de préférence sensiblement égale à 1,3 mètre par seconde,- The machine (200) for shock treatment is supplied with stones by means of a conveyor belt (60) moving the stones to the inlet (215) of said machine (200) at a speed between 1 and 1.5 meters per second, and preferably substantially equal to 1.3 meters per second,
- et on règle l'inclinaison des plaques déviatrices (250, 260) de sorte qu'elles fassent un angle α par rapport à l'horizontale H compris entre 20° et 40°.- And the inclination of the deflecting plates (250, 260) is adjusted so that they make an angle α with respect to the horizontal H of between 20 ° and 40 °.
6. Dispositif de revalorisation de ballast usagé comprenant :6. Used ballast revaluation device comprising:
- au moins un tamis (14) vibrant pour retirer des poussières du ballast,- at least one vibrating screen (14) for removing dust from the ballast,
- un premier crible (30) à au moins deux étages pour trier le ballast usagé en récupérant la partie de ce ballast dont la plage de granulométrie est sensiblement identique ou légèrement supérieure à celle d'un ballast neuf déterminé,a first screen (30) with at least two stages for sorting the used ballast by recovering the part of this ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical to or slightly greater than that of a determined new ballast,
- une machine (200) de traitement par choc permettant de façonner des arêtes vives sur ledit ballast usagé en détachant des éclats de celui-ci en des endroits de moindre résistance des pierres qui le constituent, par choc desdites pierres du ballast entre elles et/ ou entre ces pierres et des moyens écueils-concasseurs (220, 250, 260, 221) internes à la machine, de façon à créer un ballast réutilisable,- A shock treatment machine (200) making it possible to shape sharp edges on said used ballast by detaching fragments of it in places of least resistance of the stones which constitute it, by impact of said stones of the ballast with one another and / or between these stones and means pit-crushers (220, 250, 260, 221) internal to the machine, so as to create a reusable ballast,
- un second crible (80) disposé après la sortie de la machine (200) de traitement et destiné à trier le ballast traité en conservant la partie dudit ballast dont la plage de granulométrie est sensiblement identique à celle du ballast neuf.- A second screen (80) disposed after leaving the treatment machine (200) and intended for sorting the treated ballast while keeping the part of said ballast whose particle size range is substantially identical to that of the new ballast.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la machine (200) de traitement par choc comprend :7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the impact treatment machine (200) comprises:
- un châssis (210) muni d'une ouverture (215) d'introduction du ballast usagé, le châssis (210) renfermant :- a chassis (210) provided with an opening (215) for introducing the used ballast, the chassis (210) containing:
- un tambour (230) relié à un moteur (235) et monté tournant autour d'un axe de rotation xx', ledit tambour (230) étant équipé de moyens (240) de projection du ballast,- a drum (230) connected to a motor (235) and mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation xx ', said drum (230) being equipped with means (240) for projecting the ballast,
- des moyens écueils-concasseurs (220, 250, 260, 221) contre lesquels le ballast usagé est projeté, ces moyens comprenant au moins une plaque (250 ; 260) déviatrice réglable en orientation, disposée sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe de rotation xx' du tambour (230), et des plaques (220) fixes renforçant intérieurement ledit châssis (210).- reef-crusher means (220, 250, 260, 221) against which the used ballast is projected, these means comprising at least one deflecting plate (250; 260) adjustable in orientation, disposed substantially parallel to the axis of rotation xx 'of the drum (230), and fixed plates (220) internally reinforcing said frame (210).
8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la machine (200) de traitement par choc comprend :8. Device according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that the machine (200) for shock treatment comprises:
- au moins deux plaques (250, 260) déviatrices, chacune montée pivotante autour d'un axe (yy', zz') parallèle à l'axe xx' de rotation du tambour (230), lesdites plaques (250, 260) faisant un angle α d'inclinaison avec l'horizontale, et - des moyens (270, 280) pour faire pivoter au moins une desdites plaque autour de son axe de rotation (yy' ; zz') et faire varier cet angle α.- at least two deflecting plates (250, 260), each pivotally mounted about an axis (yy ', zz') parallel to the axis xx 'of rotation of the drum (230), said plates (250, 260) making an angle α of inclination with the horizontal, and - means (270, 280) for pivoting at least one of said plate around its axis of rotation (yy '; zz') and varying this angle α.
9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le tambour (230) de la machine est relié à un moteur (235) à vitesses variables. 9. Device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the drum (230) of the machine is connected to a motor (235) at variable speeds.
10. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'une (260) des plaques est montée sur des moyens d'amortissement (290).10. Device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that one (260) of the plates is mounted on damping means (290).
11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la machine (200) comprend en sortie une goulotte (227) comprenant au moins une plaque (221) sensiblement horizontale faisant cadre et appartenant aux moyens écueils-concasseurs (220, 250, 260, 221), ladite plaque (221) étant prolongée en partie inférieure par des plaques (225) suspendues entre lesquelles le ballast passe sans choc de concassage. 11. Device according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the machine (200) comprises at the outlet a chute (227) comprising at least one substantially horizontal plate (221) forming a frame and belonging to the reef-crusher means (220, 250, 260, 221), said plate (221) being extended at the bottom by suspended plates (225) between which the ballast passes without crushing shock.
12. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce que certains au moins des moyens écueils-concasseurs (220, 250, 260, 221) contiennent dans leur composition métallurgique :12. Device according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that at least some of the pit-crushing means (220, 250, 260, 221) contain in their metallurgical composition:
- un pourcentage de carbone compris entre environ 0,13 et 0,24- a percentage of carbon of between approximately 0.13 and 0.24
- un pourcentage de nickel inférieur à environ 0,7 - un pourcentage de chrome inférieur à environ 1,5- a percentage of nickel less than approximately 0.7 - a percentage of chromium less than approximately 1.5
- un pourcentage de manganèse compris entre environ 1,2 et 1,4 -un pourcentage de silicium compris entre environ 0,25 et 0,45- a percentage of manganese between approximately 1.2 and 1.4 - a percentage of silicon between approximately 0.25 and 0.45
- un pourcentage de soufre inférieur à environ 0,005- a percentage of sulfur less than about 0.005
- un pourcentage de phosphore inférieur à environ 0,001 - un pourcentage de molybdène compris entre environ 0,2 et 0,5- a percentage of phosphorus less than approximately 0.001 - a percentage of molybdenum of between approximately 0.2 and 0.5
- et un pourcentage de bore inférieur à environ 0,002.- and a percentage of boron of less than approximately 0.002.
13. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'angle de réglage α de la(des) plaque(s) (250 ; 260) déviatrice(s) est compris entre environ 20° et 40°. 13. Device according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the adjustment angle α of the plate (s) (250; 260) deflector (s) is between approximately 20 ° and 40 °.
14. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de projection (240) comprennent des parties en céramique d'un diamètre compris entre environ 1 et 5 millimètre(s). 14. Device according to any one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the projection means (240) comprise ceramic parts with a diameter between about 1 and 5 millimeter (s).
PCT/FR1998/002333 1997-10-31 1998-10-30 Method and device for upgrading waste ballast WO1999023309A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9915120A GB2335454B (en) 1997-10-31 1998-10-30 Method and apparatus for redeveloping spent ballast

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9713709A FR2770544B1 (en) 1997-10-31 1997-10-31 PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR RECOVERING THE BALLAST USED
FR97/13709 1997-10-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999023309A1 true WO1999023309A1 (en) 1999-05-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR1998/002333 WO1999023309A1 (en) 1997-10-31 1998-10-30 Method and device for upgrading waste ballast

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FR (1) FR2770544B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2335454B (en)
WO (1) WO1999023309A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1021006B (en) * 1954-05-01 1957-12-19 Scheuchzer Fils Auguste Method and device for processing built-in ballast
US4133388A (en) * 1977-06-06 1979-01-09 Boyer Jean Jacques Ballast cleaning and levelling machine
DE9306779U1 (en) * 1993-05-05 1993-07-15 Hermann Wiebe Grundstücks- und Maschinenanlagen KG, 2800 Bremen Rail vehicle for processing ballast
DE4301182A1 (en) * 1993-01-19 1994-07-21 Moebius Josef Bau Track refurbishing method, e.g. for train track

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1021006B (en) * 1954-05-01 1957-12-19 Scheuchzer Fils Auguste Method and device for processing built-in ballast
US4133388A (en) * 1977-06-06 1979-01-09 Boyer Jean Jacques Ballast cleaning and levelling machine
DE4301182A1 (en) * 1993-01-19 1994-07-21 Moebius Josef Bau Track refurbishing method, e.g. for train track
DE9306779U1 (en) * 1993-05-05 1993-07-15 Hermann Wiebe Grundstücks- und Maschinenanlagen KG, 2800 Bremen Rail vehicle for processing ballast

Also Published As

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GB2335454B (en) 2002-03-06
GB2335454A (en) 1999-09-22
FR2770544B1 (en) 2003-09-19
FR2770544A1 (en) 1999-05-07
GB9915120D0 (en) 1999-09-01

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