WO1999021393A1 - Baustein zur oam behandlung von atm-zellen eines zellenflusses auf virtuelle verbindungen - Google Patents
Baustein zur oam behandlung von atm-zellen eines zellenflusses auf virtuelle verbindungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999021393A1 WO1999021393A1 PCT/DE1998/003043 DE9803043W WO9921393A1 WO 1999021393 A1 WO1999021393 A1 WO 1999021393A1 DE 9803043 W DE9803043 W DE 9803043W WO 9921393 A1 WO9921393 A1 WO 9921393A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- scan
- oam
- connection
- module
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
- H04Q11/0478—Provisions for broadband connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5625—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5672—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5678—Traffic aspects, e.g. arbitration, load balancing, smoothing, buffer management
- H04L2012/5681—Buffer or queue management
Definitions
- Module for processing ATM cells of a cell flow on virtual channels and virtual paths which is set up to detect error states in the ATM warehouse and to insert OAM-specific cells, for whose generation an OAM cell generator (OZG) is provided.
- OAM cell generator OZG
- B-ISDN broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
- the structure in cells of the same length is characteristic of ATM.
- the information to be conveyed is divided into ATM cells, namely into packets of 53 bytes, which have a cell header with 5 bytes and
- the header information identifies a specific virtual connection.
- the data traffic arriving at an ATM interface is segmented into the 53-byte cells mentioned and these cells are forwarded sequentially as they were generated. Further details on ATM can be found in the literature. Examples include: "ATM Networks, Concepts, Protocols and Applications", by Handel, Huber and Schröder, Verlag Addison-Wesley-Longman, 2nd edition, 1994 (ISBN 0-201-42274-3) or "ATM - Solutions for Enterprise Internet orking ", by D. Ginsburg,
- OAM modules or other cell processing modules are used, for example, between network adaptation units and a switching network module or other modules.
- Fig.l in which a possible architecture is shown.
- PHY Physical layer modules
- the dotted lines on the left and right symbolize the boundaries between the physical layer Phy.L. and the ATM layer ATM-L.
- ATM modules BST are provided symmetrically to a switching network module SI, which are located between the switching network module SWI and the physical layer modules PHY. Depending on the requirements and circumstances, one or more ATM modules BST can be present. To indicate this, one ATM module is drawn with a broken line.
- bidirectional data streams are processed, which are designated UP for upstream and DOWN for downstream.
- the originally English terms upstream and downstream indicate in the case of switching networks the direction to the switching network "up” or “down” from the switching network.
- the names of the two data streams with UP and DOWN are arbitrary and interchangeable.
- the data or cell streams arriving at a module are referred to as ZI and the outgoing cell streams as ZA.
- Cross channels are provided between two BST modules for upstream and downstream, to which cross channel inputs QI and cross channel outputs QA are assigned at the modules.
- control software is also indicated in FIG. 1 with the help of the block STSW. It is necessary for the configuration of an ATM module, error handling and the assembly and disassembly of Links.
- the control software normally runs on a commercially available processor module.
- the control software STSW is connected to the ATM module BST via a so-called interrupt signal I and a bidirectional control bus CB.
- the interrupt signal I is used to stop the software in order to inform it of time-critical events that have occurred in the ATM module BST (for example, detected error states).
- the task of the ATM layer ATM-L which is explained in more detail, for example, in the abovementioned references, is to enable the transparent transfer of ATM cells via pre-configured connections and it focuses on the database unit, namely the 53-byte (or "Octet") ATM cell.
- the database unit namely the 53-byte (or "Octet" ATM cell.
- the ATM layers F4 for the virtual path level and F5 for the virtual channel level are decisive for the present invention.
- the main tasks of the OAM rivers include the error detection, error localization and error message.
- Certain OAM flows are assigned special cells, of which the AlS cells, the RDI cells and the CC cells are considered here. Error conditions in the physical layer (physical layer) and the ATM layer lead to error messages with the help of these special cells.
- the F4 flows and the F5 flows must be treated independently of one another.
- AIS cells Alarm Indication Signal Cells
- RDI cells Remote Defect Indication Cells
- CC cells continuity check
- CC cells continuity check
- a connection or segment In order to be able to continuously monitor the continuity of a connection, CC cells (continuity check) are used at the starting point of a connection or segment, in particular if no ATM user cells have been transmitted. At the end point of a connection or a segment, it can then be checked whether user or CC cells have arrived within a predetermined time interval. If this is not the case, the corresponding connection changes into a special error state (loss of continuity), which leads to the insertion of AIS or RDI cells described above.
- the treatment of the OAM functions AIS, RDI and CC also in terms of the management of the states for the individual connections and the linking of these functions to one another is currently carried out essentially in the software, with all incoming OAM cells first being made available to the software.
- the software required is so high that the requirements according to ITU 610 cannot be met with a large number of connections.
- a line filter and processing unit to which the incoming cell stream is fed, a connection data memory connected to the line filter and processing unit, a scan connected to the connection data memory Unit, to which a controller and a request counter are assigned, an intermediate buffer, the input of which is connected to the output of the OAM cell generator, a status buffer which is used for the transmission of the status information to the control software is set up, and a multiplexer to which the output of the line filter and processing unit and the output of the intermediate buffer is fed, the cell filter and processing unit for recognizing the cell type and for delivering Cell recognition signals and a connection index relating to the respective connection to the connection data memory and also for forwarding received cells to the multiplexer as a function of the cell type and the configuration data detected, the controller is set up to emit a start signal for the scanning mechanism to the scanning unit , so that the sequential processing of all active connections is started by the scan unit at regular intervals, with an evaluation of the cell recognition signals and status signals and
- the invention offers the advantage that the handling of the OAM functions, in particular the functions RDI, AIS and CC and their links to one another, can be carried out in the hardware.
- the software is only informed of changes in status via a special interrupt signal I and the control bus CB.
- the OAM treatment is therefore not dependent on the current load state of the software. This means that the requirements according to ITU 610 also occur when many error states occur and * with a large number of connections established - e.g. 8000 active connections - can always be guaranteed.
- the intermediate buffer is set up to emit a stop signal to the scan unit when it is full, which means that Any overloads can be absorbed by the control software or the line filter and processing unit or a cross channel.
- a request counter which indicates the number of connections that may be processed one after the other with the aid of a counter send signal from the scan unit, with the scan unit processing after request a connection in the current cycle the value of the request counter is decreased by 1.
- a cycle counter is provided, the value of which at the start of the scanning unit, as well as the value of the request counter, is set to zero, and the scanning unit or the block LB are set up to increase the value of the request counter by one, and to reset the cycle counter to zero if the value of the cycle counter has reached an adjustable period.
- the multiplexer has a cross channel from a module in the opposite direction.
- the module according to the invention is set up for processing the OAM functions AIS, RDI and CC.
- 1 is a block diagram of a general ATM structure with ATM modules, the control software and with a switching network module, as already explained above, 2 shows the basic structure of a module according to the invention,
- FIG. 5 shows a special flowchart for expanding the method illustrated in FIG. 4 for external compliance with the response times required in the ITU recommendation. This is particularly important if empty cell cycles have to be used for the AIS RDI and CC treatment.
- FIG. 6 shows in a more detailed flow chart a detail of the flow chart according to FIG. 4 for the treatment of the AIS, RDI and CC functions.
- the basic internal structure of a block BST according to the invention is first explained below with reference to FIG. 2.
- the incoming data flow ZI is fed to a cell filter and processing unit ZFV. Based on the different headers and the first payload byte, this recognizes what type of row it is, e.g. around an F4 user cell, F4 AlS cell, F5 AlS cell, etc.
- the filter and processing unit ZFV is connected to a connection data connection data store VSP, which serves on the one hand to store the configuration data of a connection. Among other things, this involves determining whether the cell input ZI is a virtual path or a virtual channel.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show the flow structure using the example of a virtual path VPC P (F4 flow) with three virtual channels VCC A, VCC B, VCC C (F5 flow) and FIG. 3b shows the structure of the connection data memory VSP based on the ATM layer structure.
- a virtual path can be resolved in the block BST, and a virtual channel can be combined in this block with other channels to form a path.
- connection data memory VSP for connection data
- the configuration data also stores whether an OAM segment begins or ends.
- each cell is first uniquely assigned to a virtual connection.
- the connection-specific entry in the connection data memory VSP can be accessed with the corresponding connection index signal VI (FIG. 2). Since cell processing corresponding to both the F4 and the F5-OAM flow must be carried out at path end and start points, not only F5-specific signals are stored in the connection-specific entry, but also an access address to F4-specific data , represented by the signal F4I in FIG. 2.
- relevant cell recognition signals F4ZE, F5ZE are then set on the F4 and / or F5 level in accordance with the recognized cell type, the line filter and processing unit ZFU only setting these line recognition signals, the received one Cell is forwarded to the input of a multiplexer MULT or discarded.
- a scan unit SCAN essential for the invention is provided, which is connected to the line filter and processing unit ZFV via the connection data memory VSP.
- an exchange of line recognition signals F4ZS, F5ZS and status signals takes place between the scan unit SCAN and the connection data memory F 4 ZS, F5ZS regarding the F4 and F5 rivers.
- the scan unit SCAN initially also uses the connection index signal VI, and it receives the address for the F4-specific entries via the addressed entry in the same way as the line filter and processing unit ZFV, shown as signals F4I in FIG . 2.
- the scan unit SCAN searches in fixed processing cycles in which no incoming ATM cell has to be processed, i.e. in free cell processing cycles, all connections within a period of about 500 ms in which the connections must also be processed, e.g. maximum 8000 connections each 2.48 ⁇ s. If the processing time for the cells arriving at the cell input ZI takes up the entire cell processing cycle time, the scanning unit can only use those processing cycles in which no incoming ATM cell has to be processed, i.e. in so-called free cell processing cycles. Error conditions are detected and managed on a connection-specific basis and insert orders for AIS, RDI and CC cells are generated automatically. During cell processing, the corresponding flags for recognized cell types are set in the connection data memory, which are then used in the scanning mechanism and possibly lead to the error states mentioned at the outset, which the AIS and RDI cells serve to identify.
- a control ST is provided for the entire time sequence control of the module BST, whereby only the control signals which lead to the scan unit SCAN and to the block LB are essential for the invention, namely:
- a start signal SS for the scanning mechanism starts the sequential processing of all active connections by the scan unit SCAN at regular time intervals (-500 msec) and also resets the request counter AZ and the cycle counter ZZ in block LB.
- the block LB is set up to implement a request counter. Like the SCAN scanning unit, it is used by the SCAN scanning unit.
- the block LB controls the scan unit SCAN using the one request counter AZ, represented by a counter status signal.
- the request counter AZ indicates the number of connections that the scan unit can process one after the other. The scan unit may only process the next connection if the value of the status signal AZ is greater than zero.
- the block LB decreases the request counter by one each time a connection has been processed in the current cycle. This is indicated to the block LB by the signal "Decrement request counter DAZ".
- the block LB increases the request counter and thus the signal AZ after an adjustable cycle (scan) period SP (see later FIG. 5), so that the value AZ of the request counter represents the state of a counter operating according to the so-called “leaky bucket” algorithm. This algorithm is described, for example, in the book “ATM Solutions for Enterprise Internet Working” mentioned at the beginning.
- the block BST also contains an OAM cell generator OZG, which either supplies the OAM cells generated in it via an intermediate buffer OBUF to the input of the multiplexer MULT or forwards it via a cross channel QA to the block BST for the opposite direction (cf. FIG . l).
- the OAM cell generator OZG receives the request to generate an OAM cell from the scan unit SCAN via a signal ANF. With this, the scan unit SCAN also defines the exact type of the OAM cell to be generated (F4 AIS, F5 AIS, F5-RDI, etc.) and the necessary connection data in the cell header.
- the cross channel is needed for the generated cells that go back to the source of the ATM Cell stream must be sent.
- the RDI cells are relevant for the invention.
- a further input of the multiplexer MULT is connected to the output of the filter and proces b connected eitungstechnik ZFV, and a third input of the multiplexer MULT is connected to a cross-channel input Q
- the intermediate buffer OBUF can only forward cells for the multiplexer MULT if there are no data cells from the cell filtering and processing unit ZFV. Furthermore, the cross channel QA to the block BST can be blocked for the opposite direction for a short time. The intermediate buffer OBUF can thus fill up. In this case, the scan unit SCAN is stopped by means of a hold signal V, which ensures that no further OAM cells are generated in the OAM cell generator OZG.
- the status buffer ZBUF is filled with the status signals F4ZS and F5ZS of all connections at the request of the central control software with the aid of the signal AZS from the scan unit SCAN. At the same time, the central control software can fetch these status signals via the control bus CB in order to evaluate them internally. This evaluation of the states then does not hinder the further OAM treatment in the scan unit SCAN (offline evaluation).
- the status buffer ZBUF is organized in such a way that the stored entries are read in the exact order in which they were first saved (FIFO principle).
- the scanning mechanism is implemented in the scanning unit SCAN and is shown in more detail below with the aid of FIG. 4.
- optional blocks which are discussed in detail in FIG. 5 with ""”” and the AIS / RDI / CC processing function, which is shown in detail in FIG. 6, are designated with "VI”.
- the scan unit SCAN distinguishes two global states: “active” or “inactive”, the initial state after the BST module has been reset being the inactive state (FIG. 4 above).
- the scan unit SCAN is started at regular intervals by the control ST and then changes to the active state, in which, starting with the first connection, processing of the AIS, RDI and CC functions according to FIG. 4 is carried out, with exactly one connection being processed with each loop pass. For this, a not shown
- Loop counter is used, which also references the connection to be processed with the connection index VI. When changing from the inactive to the active state, this loop counter is initially loaded with the first connection. Since the cell filter and processing unit ZFV and the scan unit SCAN access the same connection data memory, a consistent state must be reached again at the beginning of each cell processing cycle. Therefore, the scan unit SCAN waits for the start of the next cycle after each loop run.
- the value of the request counter AZ must be greater than zero (see above).
- the block LB is caused to decrease the value of the request counter by one with the aid of the signal DAZ. Then the AIS / RDI / CC processing for the connection with the index VI is carried out and the loop counter is increased by one (index VI + 1, FIG. 4 below). After the AIS, RDI and CC functions have been processed, the revised status signals F4ZS and F5ZS are written into the status buffer ZBUF if the signal ST ac- was activated. As soon as the loop counter has reached the last connection with the index VL, the scan unit SCAN is switched back to the inactive state.
- the load dependency of the processing speed means that the time intervals when processing the same connection vary in successive scan sequences. In order to be able to maintain the maximum reaction time to determined error states in accordance with ITU, these variations should be minimized, for which purpose a “leaky bucket” method is used, which is described with reference to FIG. 5 (and FIG. 4).
- the leaky bucket method in block LB sets both the request counter already described, represented by its index or value AZ, and a cycle counter, represented by its index or Value ZZ, to the value zero.
- connection data memory VSP for connection data (top field in FIG. 6).
- OAM functions it is then determined whether the OAM functions have to be performed at the F4 and / or F5 level. This depends on the configuration data stored in the connection data memory, i.e. whether it is a path start point, a path end point, a channel start point or a channel end point.
- OAM functions in connection with the invention are to be understood: The evaluation of the cell detection signals F4ZE, F5ZE and the status signals F4ZS and F5ZS,
- connection (index VI) is a virtual path that is not resolved, i.e. A virtual path arrives at input ZI (VPC), but there is no VPC (Virtual Path Connection) end point VPC-EP, only the F4 -OAM functions have to be carried out.
- connection to index VI is a virtual path (VPC) that is resolved in the block BST, i.e. if there is a VPC endpoint VPC-EP, it must first be checked whether the F4-OAM functions for this virtual path have already been performed since the start of the scan unit SCAN. If this has not been done, the F4-OA functions are first carried out using the signals F4ZE and F4ZS.
- the revised F4 status signals F4ZS must also be taken into account when deciding which F5 OAM cells to insert. If, for example, the path is in accordance with the revised F4 status signals F4ZS, the F4-AIS error status, F5-AIS cells are inserted. c) If the connection at input ZI is a virtual channel (no VPC), which is included in the BST block other virtual channels are to be combined to form a virtual path, ie there is a VPC start point VPC-AP, it must first be checked whether the F4-OAM functions have already been carried out since the start of the scan unit SCAN. If this has not been done, the F4-OAM functions are carried out first.
- the F5-0AM functions are carried out in a second step using the signals F5ZE and F5ZS.
- the status signals F4ZS need not be taken into account here. d) If the connection is ultimately a virtual channel (no VPC) that is also relayed or terminated as a virtual channel, only the F5-OAM functions are processed.
- connection data memory VSP namely
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98961017A EP1040705A1 (de) | 1997-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Baustein zur oam behandlung von atm-zellen eines zellenflusses auf virtuelle verbindungen |
CA002307338A CA2307338A1 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Module for oam handling of atm cells of a cell flow on virtual connections |
US09/529,062 US6577602B1 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Module for OAM processing of ATM cells of a cell flux on virtual connections |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19745790.8 | 1997-10-16 | ||
DE19745790 | 1997-10-16 | ||
DE19748700.9 | 1997-11-04 | ||
DE19748700A DE19748700A1 (de) | 1997-10-16 | 1997-11-04 | Baustein zur OAM Behandlung von ATM-Zellen eines Zellenflusses auf virtuelle Verbindungen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999021393A1 true WO1999021393A1 (de) | 1999-04-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/DE1998/003043 WO1999021393A1 (de) | 1997-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Baustein zur oam behandlung von atm-zellen eines zellenflusses auf virtuelle verbindungen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6577602B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1040705A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2307338A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999021393A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
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US6922676B2 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2005-07-26 | Jeffrey Alnwick | Method and system for ordering items over the internet |
US20040198223A1 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-10-07 | Loh Weng Wah | Flow control in a bluetooth wireless communication system |
US20040203371A1 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-10-14 | Hewlett Packard Company | Error control in a bluetooth wireless communication system |
CN100413276C (zh) * | 2002-12-09 | 2008-08-20 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种高速信元流收发的检测装置及方法 |
US9323571B2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2016-04-26 | Intel Corporation | Methods for reducing energy consumption of buffered applications using simultaneous multi-threading processor |
US8730814B2 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2014-05-20 | Alcatel Lucent | Communication network connection failure protection methods and systems |
US7227484B2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-06-05 | Nxp, B.V. | Startup apparatus and technique for a wireless system that uses time domain isolation |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0702495A1 (de) * | 1994-09-13 | 1996-03-20 | BELL TELEPHONE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Naamloze Vennootschap | Knotenvermittlungsstelle und Verfahren zur Ausführung von Verwaltungsfunktionen |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4446248C2 (de) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-03-13 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Übertragungssystem |
US5764626A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1998-06-09 | Telecommunications Techniques Corporation | Rate-matched cell identification and modification, replacement, or insertion for test and measurement of ATM network virtual connections |
US5761191A (en) * | 1995-11-28 | 1998-06-02 | Telecommunications Techniques Corporation | Statistics collection for ATM networks |
JPH10262064A (ja) * | 1997-03-19 | 1998-09-29 | Fujitsu Ltd | 複数回線終端装置及び複数回線終端装置のoam処理方法 |
-
1998
- 1998-10-16 WO PCT/DE1998/003043 patent/WO1999021393A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-10-16 CA CA002307338A patent/CA2307338A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-16 EP EP98961017A patent/EP1040705A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-10-16 US US09/529,062 patent/US6577602B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0702495A1 (de) * | 1994-09-13 | 1996-03-20 | BELL TELEPHONE MANUFACTURING COMPANY Naamloze Vennootschap | Knotenvermittlungsstelle und Verfahren zur Ausführung von Verwaltungsfunktionen |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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"EINHEITLICHE PLATTFORM FUER ALLE DIENSTE ATM-NETZMANAGEMENT", NACHRICHTEN ELEKTRONIK UND TELEMATIK, vol. 50, no. 12, December 1996 (1996-12-01), pages 31 - 33, XP000640686 * |
SCHMIDT K ET AL: "A PARALLEL ATM-NETWORK SIMULATOR", ISS '95. WORLD TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONGRESS. (INTERNATIONAL SWITCHIN SYMPOSIUM), ADVANCED SWITCHING TECHNOLOGIES FOR UNIVERSAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST. CENTURY BERLIN, APR. 23 - 28, 1995, vol. 1, no. SYMP. 15, 23 April 1995 (1995-04-23), VERBAND DEUTSCHER ELEKTROTECHNIKER (VDE) ET AL, pages 304 - 308, XP000495584 * |
SCHRODER G: "OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (OAM) MECHANISMS FOR LAYER MANAGEMENT IN ATM NETWORKS", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON EUROPEAN FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS (EFOC), vol. 2, 27 June 1995 (1995-06-27), pages 97 - 101, XP000614553 * |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2307338A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
EP1040705A1 (de) | 2000-10-04 |
US6577602B1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
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