WO1999016576A1 - Machine tool - Google Patents
Machine tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999016576A1 WO1999016576A1 PCT/EP1998/006073 EP9806073W WO9916576A1 WO 1999016576 A1 WO1999016576 A1 WO 1999016576A1 EP 9806073 W EP9806073 W EP 9806073W WO 9916576 A1 WO9916576 A1 WO 9916576A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spindle head
- machine tool
- tool according
- lever
- construction
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
- B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
- B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
- B23Q1/60—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
- B23Q1/62—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
- B23Q1/621—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
- B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
- B23Q1/50—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
- B23Q1/54—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only
- B23Q1/5468—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only a single rotating pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair
- B23Q1/5481—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only a single rotating pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
- B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
- B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
- B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
- B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
- B23Q1/60—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a machine tool with a machine frame and a spindle head mounted thereon, which can be moved in a horizontal plane to any points for machining a workpiece.
- Such machine tools are generally known from the prior art.
- the spindle head is arranged on linear guides arranged at right angles to one another, on which slides driven by ball screws, for example, run. In this way, the spindle head or a tool carried by it can be moved to any desired point for machining a workpiece within the working space of the known machine tool.
- slide guide for the vertical Z axis is usually behind the spindle head
- slide guides for the X and Y axes are usually located under the spindle head, i.e. behind, next to or under the workpiece table.
- Another disadvantage is that, compared to the residual mass of the machine tool, the moving mass is so large that the machine tool "wanders" on the ground during rapid start-up and braking, thus changing its position in the X / Y plane. Among other things, this leads to uncontrolled displacements in the machine tool, which in turn negatively affect the machining accuracy.
- this object is achieved according to the invention by two spaced apart from each other about a vertical axis with respect to the machine frame pivotally mounted, variable-length constructions that are pivoted to each other about a further vertical axis on the spindle head.
- the object underlying the invention is completely achieved in this way.
- the inventor of the present application has created a completely new machine concept in which the spindle head is no longer driven in the X / Y plane by two linear guides arranged orthogonally to one another, but in which e.g. two linear drives are pivotally mounted on the machine frame at one end about two vertical axes, while they are connected at their other end to the spindle head.
- the spindle head can be carried "hanging", so to speak, directly from the linear drives, but this is not practical with a larger mass of the spindle head. It is therefore e.g. possible to freely hang the spindle head on a frame that serves as strain relief, so that the linear drives are relieved of lateral forces.
- the spindle head can now move to any point in the X / Y plane of the work area. If, for example, the length of a linear drive, ie the distance between the spindle head and the one vertical axis, is kept constant, the spindle head pivots about this axis when the length of the other linear drive is changed. By changing the length of both linear drives at the same time, any location curves can be traversed in the work area.
- the "hanging spindle head" has the advantage that in the area of the machine tool where most chips and cooling water are generated, there is no longer any need to arrange guides which are to be protected against contamination.
- Another advantage is that the masses to be moved are significantly reduced, so that faster drives and thus shorter chip-to-chip times can be achieved.
- the control of the machine tool which may be more complicated than that of two orthogonal slide guides, is no longer a problem at the current state of microelectronics; all that is required is to program the corresponding locus curves, from which the respective commands for extending the linear drives can then be derived.
- constructions are mounted on a carrier plate which can be moved vertically on the machine frame.
- the advantage here is that the entire mass of the carrier plate and constructions only has to be moved in the Z direction, while when moving in the X or Y direction the carrier plate remains fixed and essentially only the spindle head has to be moved.
- the carrier plate remains fixed and essentially only the spindle head has to be moved.
- At high axis accelerations in the X and Y directions significantly lower reaction forces are generated than in the prior art, so that the stability of the new machine tool is significantly increased. Reaction forces in the Z direction do not lead to a change in the installation of the machine tool, the reaction forces here only temporarily or heavily load the surface.
- at least one of the two constructions comprises a lever gear, the first lever arm of which is articulated on the machine frame and the second lever arm is connected to the spindle head.
- the advantage here is that the spindle head can now be carried via the lever mechanism, so that the aforementioned frame used for strain relief can be dispensed with.
- the lever gear now holds the spindle head in the Z direction, the joint of the lever gear being pivotable about a further vertical axis.
- both lever arms are formed by plates, the dimensions of which correspond approximately to those of the spindle head in the vertical direction.
- the two lever arms formed by high plates of appropriate thickness hold the spindle head in the Z direction with sufficient rigidity regardless of the projection of the lever gear, so that a corresponding working accuracy can also be achieved in the Z direction.
- both constructions comprise a lever gear.
- each lever gear mechanism can be changed in its opening angle by its own drive.
- the advantage here is that the constructions that support and move the spindle head can be constructed very simply.
- the distance between the vertical axis on the machine frame and the attachment of the lever gear to the spindle head can be e.g. can be changed by a rotary drive in the joint of the lever gear.
- An advantage of the rotary drive is that it can be of the simplest type, so that the construction effort is low.
- Another advantage is that such rotary drives can be designed very easily, so that the mass to be moved is reduced again.
- each lever gear has a linear drive which acts between its two lever arms.
- the advantage here is that a very fast-acting, inexpensive and lightweight drive such as an electric linear drive or a piston-cylinder unit can be used.
- this measure further reduces the size of the masses to be moved and, on the other hand, a drive that responds very quickly can be used, so that the chip-to-chip time can be further reduced.
- one construction is pivotable about the further vertical axis and the other construction is firmly connected to the spindle head.
- the advantage here is that the angular position of the spindle head in the work area is clearly defined, since the spindle head has a fixed angular position to the second construction.
- the spindle head is rotatably held in a bearing ring, one construction being firmly connected to the bearing ring and the other construction being firmly connected to the spindle head.
- Figure 1 is a partial, schematic plan view of the spindle and the constructions that support it on the machine frame in a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 in a representation like FIG. 1, a second exemplary embodiment of the new machine tool
- FIG. 3 shows, in a representation like FIG. 1, a third exemplary embodiment of the new machine tool
- FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the new machine tool in a representation like FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a partial, perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 4.
- a machine tool 10 is shown schematically in a plan view, which has a carrier plate 11 guided in a manner to be described on a machine frame, on which a vertically aligned spindle head 12 is mounted via two constructions 14, 15.
- the constructions 14, 15 are mounted on the carrier plate 11 on vertical axes 16, 17 which are spaced apart from one another and can be pivoted in the direction of arrows 18, 19. Both constructions 14, 15 are variable in length, which is indicated by arrows 20, 21. At their ends remote from the vertical axes 16, 17, the constructions 14, 15 are fastened to the spindle head 12 in such a way that they can be pivoted relative to one another in the direction of an arrow 22 about a further vertical axis 23.
- the spindle head 12 can now be moved to any point in the X / Y plane, which is spanned by the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1. If, for example, the length of the construction 14 is kept constant, a change in the length of the construction 15 causes the spindle head 12 to be pivoted about the vertical axis 16, that is to say to make a circular path in the X / Y plane. If both constructions 14, 15 are lengthened or shortened evenly, the spindle head 12 describes a straight line which runs vertically downwards or upwards in FIG. 1. During this movement, the spindle head 12 is essentially moved so that the moved mass is small compared to the mass of the entire machine tool.
- the two constructions 14, 15 can on the one hand hold the spindle head 12 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, i.e. in the Z direction, but on the other hand the spindle head can also be held by a suitable frame, so that the constructions 14, 15 merely move the spindle head 12 have to effect.
- FIG. 2 A second embodiment is shown in FIG. 2 in a representation like FIG. 1, in which the construction 15 is a Lever gear 25 comprises, which carries the spindle head 12 in the Z direction.
- the lever gear 25 comprises a first lever arm 26 which is pivotally mounted on the support plate 11 about the axis 17.
- a second lever arm 27 of the lever gear 25 is pivotally attached at one end to the first lever arm 26 and at the other end about the further vertical axis 23 on the spindle head 12.
- the change in length of the construction 15, that is to say the change in the distance of the spindle head 12 from the vertical axis 17, is effected by a linear drive 28, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is a piston-cylinder unit 29.
- the piston-cylinder unit 29 is articulated to both the first lever arm 26 and the second lever arm 27, so that the opening angle ⁇ increases or decreases, that is, the lever mechanism 25 stretches or contracts when the piston-cylinder unit 29 is extended or retracted in the direction of an arrow 31.
- the construction 15 according to FIG. 2 on the one hand fulfills the task as in FIG. 1, namely it ensures a change in the distance between the vertical axis 17 and the spindle head 12, but on the other hand carries the spindle head 12, thus ensuring a corresponding rigidity of the new machine tool 10th
- the construction 14 also has a lever gear 32 with a first lever arm 33, a second lever arm 34 and linear drives 35, the change in length of which in the direction of an arrow 36 leads to the fact that the Distance between spindle head 12 and vertical axis 16 is changed.
- FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the further vertical axis 23 is replaced by a bearing construction.
- the spindle head 12 is fastened here by ribs 38 to an inner ring 39 which can be rotated relative to a bearing ring 41 surrounding it, for which purpose a ball bearing 42 is provided between the two rings 38, 41.
- the lever arm 27 is fixed to the bearing ring 41 and the lever arm 34 is fixed to the inner ring 39. Due to the selected construction, the further vertical axis 23 now falls into the axis of rotation of the ball bearing 42, that is to say it is centered on the spindle head 12.
- the two lever gears 25, 32 each have a joint 44, 45 which can be opened and closed in the direction of an arrow 46 and 47, respectively.
- a rotary drive 48, 49 is provided, which acts directly on the joint 44 or 45 and changes the opening angle ⁇ .
- linear drives again, as shown in Fig. 3.
- lever arms 26, 27, 33, 34 each have the same length, so that because the vertical axis 23 coincides with the center of the spindle head 12, absolutely symmetrical conditions result, thereby preventing canting, etc. can.
- FIG. 5 the machine tool 10 from FIG. 4 is shown schematically in perspective from the side, a covering 50 of the machine tool 10 being merely indicated.
- a number of schematically indicated tool changers 41 can be seen, each carrying a tool, of which a tool in use is indicated at 52.
- a workpiece 54 clamped on a workpiece table 53 is processed via the tool 52, for which purpose the tool 52 can be moved in the direction of a coordinate system indicated at 55.
- two linear guides 57, 58 are provided, on which the carrier plate 11 can be moved in the Z direction.
- the spindle head 12 is supported by the two constructions 14, 15 from FIG. 4 on the machine frame 59 via this carrier plate 11.
- the lever arms 26, 27, 33, 34 are formed here by plates 61, 62, 63, 64, which have approximately the dimensions of the spindle head 12 in the Z direction and have a corresponding thickness, so that they are very stiff overall.
- the plates 61 and 64 are arranged on the support plate 11 by means of joints in such a way that they are about the vertical axes 16, 17 are pivotable.
- the plates 62 and 63 are articulated to the plates 61 and 64 via the joints 44, 45, the plates 62 and 63 being pivotable relative to one another about the further vertical axis 23 and also carrying the spindle head 12 there as shown in FIG the top view of FIG. 4 is shown.
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Abstract
The inventive machine tool (10) has a machine frame (59) and a spindle nose (12) arranged on said frame. The spindle nose (12) can travel in a horizontal plane (X/Y) to any chosen point to machine a workpiece (54). Two variable-length structures are mounted at a distance from each other on the machine frame (54), in such a way that they can each swivel around one vertical axis (16, 17) and on the spindle nose (12) in such a way that they can each swivel around another vertical axis (23), towards each other.
Description
Werkzeugmaschine Machine tool
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Werkzeugmaschine mit einem Maschinengestell und einem daran gelagerten Spindelkopf, der in einer horizontalen Ebene an beliebige Punkte zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstückes verfahrbar ist.The present invention relates to a machine tool with a machine frame and a spindle head mounted thereon, which can be moved in a horizontal plane to any points for machining a workpiece.
Derartige Werkzeugmaschinen sind aus dem Stand der Technik allgemein bekannt.
Der Spindelkopf ist bei den bekannten Werkzeugmaschinen an zueinander rechtwinklig angeordneten Linearführungen angeordnet, auf denen durch z.B. Kugelrollspindeln angetriebene Schlitten laufen. Auf diese Weise kann der Spindelkopf bzw. ein von ihm getragenes Werkzeug innerhalb des Arbeitsraumes der bekannten Werkzeugmaschine an jeden beliebigen Punkt zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstückes gefahren werden.Such machine tools are generally known from the prior art. In the known machine tools, the spindle head is arranged on linear guides arranged at right angles to one another, on which slides driven by ball screws, for example, run. In this way, the spindle head or a tool carried by it can be moved to any desired point for machining a workpiece within the working space of the known machine tool.
Während die Schlittenführung für die vertikale Z-Achse in der Regel hinter dem Spindelkopf liegt, befinden sich die Schlittenführungen für die X- sowie die Y-Achse in der Regel unter dem Spindelkopf, also hinter, neben oder unter dem Werkstücktisch.While the slide guide for the vertical Z axis is usually behind the spindle head, the slide guides for the X and Y axes are usually located under the spindle head, i.e. behind, next to or under the workpiece table.
Bei der Bearbeitung von Werkstücken mit in die Spindel eingespannten Werkzeugen wird zum Zwecke der Kühlung sowie zur Abfuhr der entstehenden Späne mit großen Mengen an Kühlmittel gearbeitet, durch das die entstehenden Späne auf die unteren Linearführungen transportiert werden können. Deshalb ist es erforderlich, die Führungen abzudecken, wozu Teleskopabdeckungen etc . verwendet werden .When machining workpieces with tools clamped in the spindle, large quantities of coolant are used for the purpose of cooling and for removing the chips that are produced, through which the chips that are created can be transported to the lower linear guides. It is therefore necessary to cover the guides, which is why telescopic covers etc. be used .
Diese Abdeckungen sind in der Regel nicht völlig dicht, so daß die Linearführungen ständig gewartet und gereinigt werden müssen, wobei eingetragene Späne dazu führen können, daß die Führungen beschädigt und damit ungenau werden. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, daß die Teleskopabdeckungen eine merkliche Masse aufweisen, die beim Verfahren des Spindelkopfes mit bewegt werden muß. Die Schlitten selbst weisen ebenfalls eine erhebliche Masse auf. Beim Verfahren in X-Richtung müssen dann
der X-Schlitten, die darauf angeordnete Y-Führung mit dem Y- Schlitten, sowie der darauf angeordnete Ständer mit der Z- Führung, dem Z-Schlitten und dem Spindelkopf bewegt werden.These covers are usually not completely leak-proof, so that the linear guides have to be constantly serviced and cleaned, and entered chips can lead to the guides being damaged and thus being inaccurate. Another disadvantage is that the telescopic covers have a noticeable mass that must be moved when moving the spindle head. The sled itself also has a considerable mass. Then when moving in the X direction the X-slide, the Y-guide arranged thereon with the Y-slide, and the stand arranged thereon with the Z-guide, the Z-slide and the spindle head are moved.
Mit diesen großen, zu bewegenden Massen geht ein weiterer Nachteil der bekannten Werkzeugmaschinen einher, der Spindelkopf kann nämlich wegen der Trägheit der Massen nicht beliebig schnell bewegt werden. Nun ist es aber gerade ein Bestreben der modernen Werkzeugindustrie, Werkzeugmaschinen bereitzustellen, bei denen die Span-zu-Span-Zeit immer kürzer wird, der Spindelkopf also immer schneller bewegt werden kann.With these large masses to be moved there is a further disadvantage of the known machine tools, namely that the spindle head cannot be moved as quickly as desired because of the inertia of the masses. Now, however, the modern tool industry is striving to provide machine tools in which the chip-to-chip time is getting shorter and shorter, i.e. the spindle head can be moved ever faster.
Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, daß verglichen mit der Restmasse der Werkzeugmaschine die bewegte Masse so groß ist, daß die Werkzeugmaschine beim schnellen Anfahren und Abbremsen auf dem Untergrund "wandert", ihre Position in der X/Y-Ebene also verändert. Dies führt unter anderem zu unkontrollierten Verlagerungen in der Werkzeugmaschine, die wiederum die Bearbeitungsgenauigkeit negativ beeinflussen.Another disadvantage is that, compared to the residual mass of the machine tool, the moving mass is so large that the machine tool "wanders" on the ground during rapid start-up and braking, thus changing its position in the X / Y plane. Among other things, this leads to uncontrolled displacements in the machine tool, which in turn negatively affect the machining accuracy.
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Werkzeugmaschine der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzubilden, daß die oben genannten Nachteile vermieden werden. Insbesondere sollen ohne Verlust an Steifigkeit geringere Span-zu-Span-Zeiten und eine größere Standfestigkeit erreicht werden, wobei zusätzlich die Störanfälligkeit verringert werden soll.Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to further develop the machine tool of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned above are avoided. In particular, shorter chip-to-chip times and greater stability are to be achieved without loss of rigidity, and the susceptibility to faults is also to be reduced.
Bei der eingangs genannten Werkzeugmaschine wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch zwei im Abstand zueinander jeweils
um eine vertikale Achse gegenüber dem Maschinengestell schwenkbar gelagerte, längenveränderliche Konstruktionen, die zueinander um eine weitere vertikale Achse schwenkbar an dem Spindelkopf gelagert sind.In the machine tool mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention by two spaced apart from each other about a vertical axis with respect to the machine frame pivotally mounted, variable-length constructions that are pivoted to each other about a further vertical axis on the spindle head.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird auf diese Weise vollkommen gelöst. Der Erfinder der vorliegenden Anmeldung hat nämlich ein völlig neues Maschinenkonzept geschaffen, bei dem der Antrieb des Spindelkopfes in der X/Y-Ebene nicht mehr durch zwei zueinander orthogonal angeordnete Linearführungen erfolgt, sondern bei dem z.B. zwei Linearantriebe an ihrem einen Ende um zwei vertikale Achsen schwenkbar an dem Maschinengestell gelagert sind, während sie an ihrem anderen Ende mit dem Spindelkopf verbunden sind. Der Spindelkopf kann dabei sozusagen "hängend" direkt von den Linearantrieben getragen werden, was bei einer größeren Masse des Spindelkopfes jedoch nicht praktisch ist. Es ist daher z.B. möglich, den Spindelkopf frei verfahrbar an einem Gestell aufzuhängen, das als Zugentlastung dient, um also die Linearantriebe von Querkräften zu entlasten.The object underlying the invention is completely achieved in this way. The inventor of the present application has created a completely new machine concept in which the spindle head is no longer driven in the X / Y plane by two linear guides arranged orthogonally to one another, but in which e.g. two linear drives are pivotally mounted on the machine frame at one end about two vertical axes, while they are connected at their other end to the spindle head. The spindle head can be carried "hanging", so to speak, directly from the linear drives, but this is not practical with a larger mass of the spindle head. It is therefore e.g. possible to freely hang the spindle head on a frame that serves as strain relief, so that the linear drives are relieved of lateral forces.
Durch beliebige Längenveränderung der beiden Linearantriebe kann der Spindelkopf nun jeden Punkt in der X/Y-Ebene des Arbeitsraumes anfahren. Wenn z.B. die Länge eines Linearantriebes, also der Abstand des Spindelkopfes zu der einen vertikalen Achse, konstant gehalten wird, so verschwenkt der Spindelkopf um diese Achse, wenn die Länge des anderen Linearantriebes verändert wird. Durch gleichzeitiges Verändern der Länge beider Linearantriebe lassen sich beliebige Ortskurven im Arbeitsraum abfahren.
Bei dem "hängenden Spindelkopf" ist von Vorteil, daß in dem Bereich der Werkzeugmaschine, wo die meisten Späne und Kühlwasser anfallen, keine Führungen mehr angeordnet werden müssen, die vor Verschmutzung zu schützen sind. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, daß die zu bewegenden Massen deutlich reduziert werden, so daß schnellere Antriebe und damit kürzere Span-zu-Span- Zeiten erreichbar sind. Die ggf. verglichen mit zwei orthogonalen Schlittenführungen kompliziertere Ansteuerung der Werkzeugmaschine ist bei dem heutigen Stand der Mikroelektronik kein Problem mehr, es müssen lediglich die entsprechenden Ortskurven programmiert werden, aus denen dann die jeweiligen Befehle zum Ausfahren der Linearantriebe abgeleitet werden können.By changing the length of the two linear drives, the spindle head can now move to any point in the X / Y plane of the work area. If, for example, the length of a linear drive, ie the distance between the spindle head and the one vertical axis, is kept constant, the spindle head pivots about this axis when the length of the other linear drive is changed. By changing the length of both linear drives at the same time, any location curves can be traversed in the work area. The "hanging spindle head" has the advantage that in the area of the machine tool where most chips and cooling water are generated, there is no longer any need to arrange guides which are to be protected against contamination. Another advantage is that the masses to be moved are significantly reduced, so that faster drives and thus shorter chip-to-chip times can be achieved. The control of the machine tool, which may be more complicated than that of two orthogonal slide guides, is no longer a problem at the current state of microelectronics; all that is required is to program the corresponding locus curves, from which the respective commands for extending the linear drives can then be derived.
Dabei ist es bevorzugt, wenn die Konstruktionen an einer Trägerplatte gelagert sind, die vertikal an dem Maschinengestell verfahrbar ist.It is preferred if the constructions are mounted on a carrier plate which can be moved vertically on the machine frame.
Hier ist von Vorteil, daß die gesamte Masse von Trägerplatte sowie Konstruktionen nur in Z-Richtung bewegt werden muß, während bei Bewegungen in X- oder Y-Richtung die Trägerplatte fest bleibt und im wesentlichen nur der Spindelkopf verfahren werden muß. Bei hohen Achsbeschleunigungen in X- und Y-Richtung werden damit deutlich geringere Reaktionskräfte als beim Stand der Technik erzeugt, so daß die Standfestigkeit der neuen Werkzeugmaschine deutlich erhöht wird. Reaktionskräfte in Z- Richtung führen nicht zu einer Veränderung der Aufstellung der Werkzeugmaschine, die Reaktionskräfte bewirken hier lediglich vorübergehend eine stärkere oder geringere Belastung des Untergrundes .
In einer Weiterbildung ist es bevorzugt, wenn zumindest eine der beiden Konstruktionen ein Hebelgetriebe umfaßt, dessen erster Hebelarm gelenkig an dem Maschinengestell gelagert und dessen zweiter Hebelarm mit dem Spindelkopf verbunden ist.The advantage here is that the entire mass of the carrier plate and constructions only has to be moved in the Z direction, while when moving in the X or Y direction the carrier plate remains fixed and essentially only the spindle head has to be moved. At high axis accelerations in the X and Y directions, significantly lower reaction forces are generated than in the prior art, so that the stability of the new machine tool is significantly increased. Reaction forces in the Z direction do not lead to a change in the installation of the machine tool, the reaction forces here only temporarily or heavily load the surface. In a further development it is preferred if at least one of the two constructions comprises a lever gear, the first lever arm of which is articulated on the machine frame and the second lever arm is connected to the spindle head.
Hier ist von Vorteil, daß der Spindelkopf jetzt über das Hebelgetriebe getragen werden kann, so daß auf das zuvor erwähnte, zur Zugentlastung verwendete Gestell verzichtet werden kann. Das Hebelgetriebe hält den Spindelkopf jetzt in Z-Richtung, wobei das Gelenk des Hebelgetriebes um eine weitere vertikale Achse schwenkbar ist.The advantage here is that the spindle head can now be carried via the lever mechanism, so that the aforementioned frame used for strain relief can be dispensed with. The lever gear now holds the spindle head in the Z direction, the joint of the lever gear being pivotable about a further vertical axis.
Dabei ist es bevorzugt, wenn beide Hebelarme durch Platten gebildet sind, deren Abmaße in vertikaler Richtung etwa denen des Spindelkopfes entsprechen.It is preferred if both lever arms are formed by plates, the dimensions of which correspond approximately to those of the spindle head in the vertical direction.
Diese Maßnahme ist aus Gründen der Steifigkeit von Vorteil, die beiden durch hohe Platten entsprechender Dicke gebildeten Hebelarme halten den Spindelkopf in Z-Richtung unabhängig von der Ausladung des Hebelgetriebes mit hinreichender Steifigkeit, so daß eine entsprechende Arbeitsgenauigkeit auch in Z-Richtung erreichbar ist.This measure is advantageous for reasons of rigidity, the two lever arms formed by high plates of appropriate thickness hold the spindle head in the Z direction with sufficient rigidity regardless of the projection of the lever gear, so that a corresponding working accuracy can also be achieved in the Z direction.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es weiter bevorzugt, wenn beide Konstruktionen ein Hebelgetriebe umfassen.In this context, it is further preferred if both constructions comprise a lever gear.
Hier ist von Vorteil, daß die Steifigkeit noch weiter erhöht wird, was nicht nur durch das zusätzliche Hebelgetriebe, sondern auch durch die nun möglich gewordene symmetrische Anordnung der Hebelgetriebe, bewirkt wird.
Allgemein ist es bevorzugt, wenn jedes Hebelgetriebe in seinem Öffnungswinkel durch einen eigenen Antrieb veränderbar ist.The advantage here is that the rigidity is increased even further, which is caused not only by the additional lever mechanism, but also by the symmetrical arrangement of the lever mechanism that has now become possible. In general, it is preferred if each lever gear mechanism can be changed in its opening angle by its own drive.
Hier ist von Vorteil, daß die Konstruktionen, die den Spindelkopf tragen und bewegen, sehr einfach aufgebaut sein können. Der Abstand zwischen der vertikalen Achse am Maschinengestell und der Befestigung des Hebelgetriebes an dem Spindelkopf kann dabei z.B. durch einen Drehantrieb im Gelenk des Hebelgetriebes verändert werden. Bei dem Drehantrieb ist von Vorteil, daß er von einfachster Bauart sein kann, so daß der Konstruktionsaufwand gering wird. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, daß derartige Drehantriebe sehr leicht ausgelegt werden können, so daß auch hierdurch noch einmal die zu bewegende Masse reduziert wird.The advantage here is that the constructions that support and move the spindle head can be constructed very simply. The distance between the vertical axis on the machine frame and the attachment of the lever gear to the spindle head can be e.g. can be changed by a rotary drive in the joint of the lever gear. An advantage of the rotary drive is that it can be of the simplest type, so that the construction effort is low. Another advantage is that such rotary drives can be designed very easily, so that the mass to be moved is reduced again.
Andererseits ist es jedoch bevorzugt, wenn jedes Hebelgetriebe einen Linearantrieb aufweist, der zwischen seinen beiden Hebelarmen wirkt.On the other hand, however, it is preferred if each lever gear has a linear drive which acts between its two lever arms.
Hier ist von Vorteil, daß ein sehr schnell wirkender, preiswerter und leichter Antrieb wie z.B. ein Elektrolinearantrieb oder eine Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit, eingesetzt werden können. Durch diese Maßnahme kann zum einen die Größe der zu bewegenden Massen weiter reduziert und zum anderen ein sehr schnell ansprechender Antrieb verwendet werden, so daß sich die Span-zuSpan-Zeit weiter reduzieren läßt.The advantage here is that a very fast-acting, inexpensive and lightweight drive such as an electric linear drive or a piston-cylinder unit can be used. On the one hand, this measure further reduces the size of the masses to be moved and, on the other hand, a drive that responds very quickly can be used, so that the chip-to-chip time can be further reduced.
Allgemein ist es bevorzugt, wenn eine Konstruktion um die weitere vertikale Achse schwenkbar und die andere Konstruktion fest mit dem Spindelkopf verbunden ist.
Hier ist von Vorteil, daß die winkelmäßige Lage des Spindelkopfes im Arbeitsraum eindeutig festgelegt wird, da der Spindelkopf eine feste Winkellage zu der zweiten Konstruktion aufweist.In general, it is preferred if one construction is pivotable about the further vertical axis and the other construction is firmly connected to the spindle head. The advantage here is that the angular position of the spindle head in the work area is clearly defined, since the spindle head has a fixed angular position to the second construction.
Weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn der Spindelkopf drehbar in einem Lagerring gehalten ist, die eine Konstruktion fest mit dem Lagerring und die andere Konstruktion fest mit dem Spindelkopf verbunden ist .It is further preferred if the spindle head is rotatably held in a bearing ring, one construction being firmly connected to the bearing ring and the other construction being firmly connected to the spindle head.
Diese Maßnahme ist an sich überraschend, sie sorgt nämlich dafür, daß die weitere vertikale Achse, um die die beiden Konstruktionen zueinander am Spindelkopf verdrehbar sind, zentrisch zu dem Spindelkopf liegt. Damit sind symmetrische Verhältnisse hergestellt, die Hebelarme können alle gleich lang sein, was sowohl von der Massenverteilung als auch von der Steifigkeit her weitere Vorteile bietet, da nämlich keine unterschiedlichen Hebelwirkungen auf den Spindelkopf ausgeübt werden, die ihn zum Verkanten bringen könnten.This measure is surprising in itself, namely it ensures that the further vertical axis, about which the two constructions can be rotated relative to one another on the spindle head, lies centrally to the spindle head. This creates symmetrical relationships, the lever arms can all be of the same length, which offers further advantages both in terms of mass distribution and in terms of rigidity, since no different lever effects are exerted on the spindle head which could cause it to tilt.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der beigefügten Zeichnung.Further advantages result from the description and the attached drawing.
Es versteht sich, daß die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.
Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the combination indicated in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own without departing from the scope of the present invention. The invention is illustrated in the drawing and is explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine ausschnittsweise, schematische Draufsicht auf die Spindel und die diese an dem Maschinengestell lagernden Konstruktionen in einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;Figure 1 is a partial, schematic plan view of the spindle and the constructions that support it on the machine frame in a first embodiment;
Fig. 2 in einer Darstellung wie Fig. 1 ein zweites Ausfüh- rungsbeispiel der neuen Werkzeugmaschine;2 in a representation like FIG. 1, a second exemplary embodiment of the new machine tool;
Fig. 3 in einer Darstellung wie Fig. 1 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der neuen Werkzeugmaschine;3 shows, in a representation like FIG. 1, a third exemplary embodiment of the new machine tool;
Fig. 4 in einer Darstellung wie Fig. 1 ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel der neuen Werkzeugmaschine; undFIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the new machine tool in a representation like FIG. 1; and
Fig. 5 eine ausschnittsweise, perspektivische Darstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Fig. 4.5 is a partial, perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 4.
In Fig. 1 ist in einer Draufsicht schematisch eine Werkzeugmaschine 10 gezeigt, die eine in noch zu beschreibender Weise an einem Maschinengestell geführte Trägerplatte 11 aufweist, an der ein vertikal ausgerichteter Spindelkopf 12 über zwei Konstruktionen 14, 15 gelagert ist.In Fig. 1, a machine tool 10 is shown schematically in a plan view, which has a carrier plate 11 guided in a manner to be described on a machine frame, on which a vertically aligned spindle head 12 is mounted via two constructions 14, 15.
Die Konstruktionen 14, 15 sind an zueinander beabstandeten, vertikalen Achsen 16, 17 an der Trägerplatte 11 gelagert und in Richtung von Pfeilen 18, 19 schwenkbar.
Beide Konstruktionen 14, 15 sind längenveränderlich, was durch Pfeile 20, 21 angedeutet ist. An ihren von den vertikalen Achsen 16, 17 abgelegenen Enden sind die Konstruktionen 14, 15 an dem Spindelkopf 12 so befestigt, daß sie in Richtung eines Pfeiles 22 um eine weitere vertikale Achse 23 zueinander verschwenkbar sind.The constructions 14, 15 are mounted on the carrier plate 11 on vertical axes 16, 17 which are spaced apart from one another and can be pivoted in the direction of arrows 18, 19. Both constructions 14, 15 are variable in length, which is indicated by arrows 20, 21. At their ends remote from the vertical axes 16, 17, the constructions 14, 15 are fastened to the spindle head 12 in such a way that they can be pivoted relative to one another in the direction of an arrow 22 about a further vertical axis 23.
Durch gezielte Längenveränderungen der Konstruktionen 14, 15 kann der Spindelkopf 12 jetzt zu jedem beliebigen Punkt in der X/Y-Ebene gefahren werden, die in Fig. 1 durch die Zeichenebene aufgespannt wird. Wird bspw. die Länge der Konstruktion 14 konstant gehalten, so bewirkt eine Längenveränderung der Konstruktion 15, daß der Spindelkopf 12 um die vertikale Achse 16 verschwenkt wird, also in der X/Y-Ebene eine Kreisbahn vollführt. Werden beide Konstruktionen 14, 15 gleichmäßig verlängert oder verkürzt, so beschreibt der Spindelkopf 12 eine Gerade, die in Fig. 1 senkrecht nach unten bzw. nach oben verläuft. Bei dieser Bewegung wird im wesentlichen der Spindelkopf 12 bewegt, so daß die bewegte Masse verglichen mit der Masse der ganzen Werkzeugmaschine gering ist.Through targeted changes in the length of the constructions 14, 15, the spindle head 12 can now be moved to any point in the X / Y plane, which is spanned by the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1. If, for example, the length of the construction 14 is kept constant, a change in the length of the construction 15 causes the spindle head 12 to be pivoted about the vertical axis 16, that is to say to make a circular path in the X / Y plane. If both constructions 14, 15 are lengthened or shortened evenly, the spindle head 12 describes a straight line which runs vertically downwards or upwards in FIG. 1. During this movement, the spindle head 12 is essentially moved so that the moved mass is small compared to the mass of the entire machine tool.
Die beiden Konstruktionen 14, 15 können einerseits selbst den Spindelkopf 12 senkrecht zur Zeichenebene, also in Z-Richtung, halten, der Spindelkopf kann andererseits aber auch durch ein geeignetes Gestell gehalten werden, so daß die Konstruktionen 14, 15 lediglich das Verfahren des Spindelkopfes 12 bewirken müssen.The two constructions 14, 15 can on the one hand hold the spindle head 12 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, i.e. in the Z direction, but on the other hand the spindle head can also be held by a suitable frame, so that the constructions 14, 15 merely move the spindle head 12 have to effect.
In Fig. 2 ist in einer Darstellung wie Fig. 1 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt, bei dem die Konstruktion 15 ein
Hebelgetriebe 25 umfaßt, das den Spindelkopf 12 in Z-Richtung trägt. Das Hebelgetriebe 25 umfaßt einen ersten Hebelarm 26, der um die Achse 17 schwenkbar an der Trägerplatte 11 gelagert ist. Ein zweiter Hebelarm 27 des Hebelgetriebes 25 ist einen Endes gelenkig mit dem ersten Hebelarm 26 und anderen Endes um die weitere vertikale Achse 23 schwenkbar an dem Spindelkopf 12 befestigt.A second embodiment is shown in FIG. 2 in a representation like FIG. 1, in which the construction 15 is a Lever gear 25 comprises, which carries the spindle head 12 in the Z direction. The lever gear 25 comprises a first lever arm 26 which is pivotally mounted on the support plate 11 about the axis 17. A second lever arm 27 of the lever gear 25 is pivotally attached at one end to the first lever arm 26 and at the other end about the further vertical axis 23 on the spindle head 12.
Die Längenveränderung der Konstruktion 15, also die Änderung des Abstandes des Spindelkopfes 12 von der vertikalen Achse 17, erfolgt durch einen Linearantrieb 28, der in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 29 ist. Die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 29 ist gelenkig sowohl mit dem ersten Hebelarm 26 als auch mit dem zweiten Hebelarm 27 verbunden, so daß der Öffnungswinkel α sich vergrößert oder verkleinert, das Hebelgetriebe 25 sich also streckt oder zusammenzieht, wenn die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 29 in Richtung eines Pfeiles 31 aus- oder eingefahren wird.The change in length of the construction 15, that is to say the change in the distance of the spindle head 12 from the vertical axis 17, is effected by a linear drive 28, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is a piston-cylinder unit 29. The piston-cylinder unit 29 is articulated to both the first lever arm 26 and the second lever arm 27, so that the opening angle α increases or decreases, that is, the lever mechanism 25 stretches or contracts when the piston-cylinder unit 29 is extended or retracted in the direction of an arrow 31.
Die Konstruktion 15 gemäß Fig. 2 erfüllt zum einen die Aufgabe wie in Fig. 1, sie sorgt nämlich für eine Abstandsänderung zwischen der vertikalen Achse 17 und dem Spindelkopf 12, trägt aber andererseits den Spindelkopf 12, sorgt also für eine entsprechende Steifigkeit der neuen Werkzeugmaschine 10.The construction 15 according to FIG. 2 on the one hand fulfills the task as in FIG. 1, namely it ensures a change in the distance between the vertical axis 17 and the spindle head 12, but on the other hand carries the spindle head 12, thus ensuring a corresponding rigidity of the new machine tool 10th
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 3 weist auch die Konstruktion 14 ein Hebelgetriebe 32 mit erstem Hebelarm 33, zweitem Hebelarm 34 sowie Linearantriebe 35 auf, dessen Längenveränderung in Richtung eines Pfeiles 36 dazu führt, daß der
Abstand zwischen Spindelkopf 12 und vertikaler Achse 16 verändert wird.3, the construction 14 also has a lever gear 32 with a first lever arm 33, a second lever arm 34 and linear drives 35, the change in length of which in the direction of an arrow 36 leads to the fact that the Distance between spindle head 12 and vertical axis 16 is changed.
Es sei noch bemerkt, daß bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figuren 2 und 3 lediglich der zweite Hebelarm 27 des Hebelgetriebes 25 gelenkig mit dem Spindelkopf 12 verbunden ist, die Konstruktion 14 bzw. der zweite Hebelarm 34 sind fest mit dem Spindelkopf 12 verbunden. Auf diese Weise wird dafür gesorgt, daß die winkelmäßige Orientierung des Spindelkopfes 12 in der X/Y-Ebene durch die Neigung der Konstruktion 15 um die Achse 16 eindeutig definiert wird.It should also be noted that, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3, only the second lever arm 27 of the lever gear 25 is articulatedly connected to the spindle head 12, the construction 14 and the second lever arm 34 are firmly connected to the spindle head 12. In this way it is ensured that the angular orientation of the spindle head 12 in the X / Y plane is clearly defined by the inclination of the construction 15 about the axis 16.
In Fig. 4 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt, bei dem die weitere vertikale Achse 23 durch eine Lagerkonstruktion ersetzt ist. Der Spindelkopf 12 ist hier durch Rippen 38 an einem Innenring 39 befestigt, der gegenüber einem ihn umgebenden Lagerring 41 verdrehbar ist, wozu zwischen den beiden Ringen 38, 41 ein Kugellager 42 vorgesehen ist. Der Hebelarm 27 ist fest mit dem Lagerring 41 und der Hebelarm 34 fest mit dem Innenring 39 verbunden. Durch die gewählte Konstruktion fällt die weitere, vertikale Achse 23 jetzt in die Drehachse des Kugellagers 42, liegt also zentrisch zum Spindelkopf 12.4 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the further vertical axis 23 is replaced by a bearing construction. The spindle head 12 is fastened here by ribs 38 to an inner ring 39 which can be rotated relative to a bearing ring 41 surrounding it, for which purpose a ball bearing 42 is provided between the two rings 38, 41. The lever arm 27 is fixed to the bearing ring 41 and the lever arm 34 is fixed to the inner ring 39. Due to the selected construction, the further vertical axis 23 now falls into the axis of rotation of the ball bearing 42, that is to say it is centered on the spindle head 12.
Die beiden Hebelgetriebe 25, 32 weisen jeweils ein Gelenk 44, 45 auf, das jeweils in Richtung eines Pfeiles 46 bzw. 47 zu öffnen und zu schließen ist. Hierfür ist bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 4 jeweils ein Drehantrieb 48, 49 vorgesehen, der unmittelbar auf das Gelenk 44 bzw. 45 wirkt und den Öffnungswinkel α verändert. Selbstverständlich ist es auch
möglich, wieder Linearantriebe zu verwenden, wie dies in Fig. 3 gezeigt ist.The two lever gears 25, 32 each have a joint 44, 45 which can be opened and closed in the direction of an arrow 46 and 47, respectively. For this purpose, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, a rotary drive 48, 49 is provided, which acts directly on the joint 44 or 45 and changes the opening angle α. Of course it is possible to use linear drives again, as shown in Fig. 3.
Abschließend sei noch bemerkt, daß die Hebelarme 26, 27, 33, 34 jeweils die gleiche Länge haben, so daß sich wegen des Zu- sammenfallens der vertikalen Achse 23 mit dem Zentrum des Spindelkopfes 12 absolut symmetrische Verhältnisse ergeben, wodurch Verkantungen etc. vermieden werden können.In conclusion, it should also be noted that the lever arms 26, 27, 33, 34 each have the same length, so that because the vertical axis 23 coincides with the center of the spindle head 12, absolutely symmetrical conditions result, thereby preventing canting, etc. can.
In Fig. 5 ist schematisch die Werkzeugmaschine 10 aus Fig. 4 perspektivisch von der Seite gezeigt, wobei eine Verkleidung 50 der Werkzeugmaschine 10 lediglich angedeutet ist. An dem Spindelkopf 12 sind eine Reihe von schematisch angedeuteten Werkzeugwechslern 41 zu erkennen, die jeweils ein Werkzeug tragen, von denen bei 52 ein im Einsatz befindliches Werkzeug angedeutet ist. Über das Werkzeug 52 wird ein auf einem Werkstücktisch 53 aufgespanntes Werkstück 54 bearbeitet, wozu das Werkzeug 52 in Richtung eines bei 55 angedeuteten Koordinatensystems verfahrbar ist.In FIG. 5, the machine tool 10 from FIG. 4 is shown schematically in perspective from the side, a covering 50 of the machine tool 10 being merely indicated. On the spindle head 12, a number of schematically indicated tool changers 41 can be seen, each carrying a tool, of which a tool in use is indicated at 52. A workpiece 54 clamped on a workpiece table 53 is processed via the tool 52, for which purpose the tool 52 can be moved in the direction of a coordinate system indicated at 55.
Hinten an einem Maschinengestell 59 sind zwei Linearführungen 57, 58 vorgesehen, an denen die Trägerplatte 11 in Z-Richtung verfahrbar ist. Über diese Trägerplatte 11 ist der Spindelkopf 12 durch die beiden Konstruktionen 14, 15 aus Fig. 4 an dem Maschinengestell 59 gelagert. Die Hebelarme 26, 27, 33, 34 werden hier durch Platten 61, 62, 63, 64 gebildet, die in Z- Richtung etwa die Abmaße des Spindelkopfes 12 aufweisen und eine entsprechende Stärke haben, so daß sie ingesamt sehr steif sind. Die Platten 61 und 64 sind durch Gelenke an der Trägerplatte 11 so angeordnet, daß sie um die vertikalen Achsen 16,
17 schwenkbar sind. Über die Gelenke 44, 45 sind die Platten 62 bzw. 63 mit den Platten 61 bzw. 64 gelenkig verbunden, wobei die Platten 62 und 63 zueinander um die weitere vertikale Achse 23 schwenkbar sind und dort auch den Spindelkopf 12 so tragen, wie dies in der Draufsicht aus Fig. 4 gezeigt ist.At the rear of a machine frame 59, two linear guides 57, 58 are provided, on which the carrier plate 11 can be moved in the Z direction. The spindle head 12 is supported by the two constructions 14, 15 from FIG. 4 on the machine frame 59 via this carrier plate 11. The lever arms 26, 27, 33, 34 are formed here by plates 61, 62, 63, 64, which have approximately the dimensions of the spindle head 12 in the Z direction and have a corresponding thickness, so that they are very stiff overall. The plates 61 and 64 are arranged on the support plate 11 by means of joints in such a way that they are about the vertical axes 16, 17 are pivotable. The plates 62 and 63 are articulated to the plates 61 and 64 via the joints 44, 45, the plates 62 and 63 being pivotable relative to one another about the further vertical axis 23 and also carrying the spindle head 12 there as shown in FIG the top view of FIG. 4 is shown.
Die größte Masse wird bei der neuen Werkzeugmaschine 10 jetzt in Z-Richtung bewegt, hier muß die Trägerplatte 11 zusammen mit den Platten 61, 62, 63, 64 und dem Spindelkopf 12 verfahren werden. Auch schnelles Anfahren und Bremsen in Z-Richtung führt jedoch nicht zu Lageveränderungen der Werkzeugmaschine in der X/Y-Ebene.
The largest mass is now moved in the Z direction in the new machine tool 10, here the carrier plate 11 must be moved together with the plates 61, 62, 63, 64 and the spindle head 12. Even rapid starting and braking in the Z direction does not lead to changes in the position of the machine tool in the X / Y plane.
Claims
1. Werkzeugmaschine mit einem Maschinengestell (59) und einem daran gelagerten Spindelkopf (12), der in einer horizontalen Ebene (X/Y) an beliebige Punkte zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstückes (54) verfahrbar ist, gekennzeichnet durch zwei im Abstand zueinander jeweils um eine vertikale Achse (16, 17) gegenüber dem Maschinengestell (59) schwenkbar gelagerte, längenveränderliche Konstruktionen (14, 15), die zueinander um eine weitere vertikale Achse (23) schwenkbar an dem Spindelkopf (12) gelagert sind.1. Machine tool with a machine frame (59) and a spindle head (12) mounted thereon, which can be moved in a horizontal plane (X / Y) to any points for machining a workpiece (54), characterized by two at a distance from one another vertical axis (16, 17) with respect to the machine frame (59) pivotally mounted, variable-length constructions (14, 15) which are pivotally mounted on the spindle head (12) about another vertical axis (23).
2. Werkzeugmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konstruktionen (14, 15) an einer Trägerplatte (11) gelagert sind, die vertikal an dem Maschinengestell (59) verfahrbar ist.2. Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the structures (14, 15) are mounted on a carrier plate (11) which can be moved vertically on the machine frame (59).
3. Werkzeugmaschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest eine der beiden Konstruktionen (14, 15) ein Hebelgetriebe (25, 32) umfaßt, dessen erster Hebelarm (26, 33) gelenkig an dem Maschinengestell (11) gelagert und dessen zweiter Hebelarm (27, 34) mit dem Spindelkopf (12) verbunden ist.3. Machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the two constructions (14, 15) comprises a lever gear (25, 32), the first lever arm (26, 33) articulated on the machine frame (11) and the latter second lever arm (27, 34) is connected to the spindle head (12).
4. Werkzeugmaschine nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beide Hebelarme (26, 27; 33, 34) durch Platten (61, 62; 63, 64) gebildet sind, deren Abmaße in vertikaler Richtung etwa denen des Spindelkopfes (12) entsprechen.
4. Machine tool according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that both lever arms (26, 27; 33, 34) are formed by plates (61, 62; 63, 64), the dimensions of which in the vertical direction are approximately those of the spindle head (12) correspond.
5. Werkzeugmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 4 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beide Konstruktionen (14, 15) ein Hebelgetriebe (25, 32) umfassen.5. Machine tool according to one of claims 2-4, characterized in that both constructions (14, 15) comprise a lever gear (25, 32).
6. Werkzeugmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Hebelgetriebe (25, 32) in seinem Öffnungswinkel (α) durch einen eigenen Antrieb (28, 29; 48, 49) veränderbar ist.6. Machine tool according to one of claims 3-5, characterized in that each lever gear (25, 32) in its opening angle (α) by its own drive (28, 29; 48, 49) is variable.
7. Werkzeugmaschine nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebe als Drehantriebe (48, 49) direkt auf Achsen von Gelenken (44, 45) der Hebelgetriebe (25, 32) wirken.7. Machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the drives act as rotary drives (48, 49) directly on axes of joints (44, 45) of the lever gear (25, 32).
8. Werkzeugmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Hebelgetriebe (25, 32) einen Linearantrieb (28) aufweist, der zwischen seinen beiden Hebelarmen (26, 27; 33, 34) wirkt.8. Machine tool according to one of claims 3-7, characterized in that each lever gear (25, 32) has a linear drive (28) which acts between its two lever arms (26, 27; 33, 34).
9. Werkzeugmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Konstruktion (15) um die weitere vertikale Achse (23) schwenkbar und die andere Konstruktion (14) fest mit dem Spindelkopf (12) verbunden ist.9. Machine tool according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that a construction (15) about the further vertical axis (23) is pivotable and the other construction (14) is fixedly connected to the spindle head (12).
10. Werkzeugmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spindelkopf (12) drehbar in einem Lagerring (41) gehalten ist, die eine Konstruktion (15) fest mit dem Lagerring (41) und die andere Konstruktion (14) fest mit dem Spindelkopf (12) verbunden ist.
10. Machine tool according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the spindle head (12) is rotatably held in a bearing ring (41), the one construction (15) fixed to the bearing ring (41) and the other construction (14) is firmly connected to the spindle head (12).
11. Werkzeugmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hebelarme (26, 27; 33, 34) gleich lang sind.
11. Machine tool according to one of claims 3 - 10, characterized in that the lever arms (26, 27; 33, 34) are of equal length.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19743149.6 | 1997-09-30 | ||
DE1997143149 DE19743149A1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 1997-09-30 | Machine tool |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999016576A1 true WO1999016576A1 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
Family
ID=7844118
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1998/006073 WO1999016576A1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 1998-09-23 | Machine tool |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE19743149A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999016576A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19757886C2 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2001-11-29 | Rolf Wissner | Device for positioning a first machine part relative to a second machine part |
DE19853757C2 (en) * | 1998-11-21 | 2001-02-15 | Rolf Wissner | Measuring device for determining the position of a machine part |
DE19930287A1 (en) * | 1999-07-03 | 2001-01-04 | Klaus Dagefoerde | Joint arm machining center, with fast-moving work platform and slow moving joint arm device |
ITTO20030502A1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-01-02 | O M V Ohg Venete S R L | NUMERICAL CONTROL MACHINE. |
DE102010006504B4 (en) | 2010-01-28 | 2013-11-21 | Chiron-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for determining the position of a tool |
LU93157B1 (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-23 | Aron Jinaru | Angular positioning generator device with variable speed and torque |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3108552A1 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1982-02-18 | Lais AG, 4056 Basel | Device for the parallel displacement of two supporting elements, arranged at a distance apart and lying in parallel planes, on lifting appliances or conveying apparatus |
US5028180A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-07-02 | Sheldon Paul C | Six-axis machine tool |
US5592793A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-01-14 | Merrick Machine Co. | Router machine |
EP0779126A1 (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1997-06-18 | Chiron-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Machine tool with several drive units |
GB2308322A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-06-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Machine tool |
-
1997
- 1997-09-30 DE DE1997143149 patent/DE19743149A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-09-23 WO PCT/EP1998/006073 patent/WO1999016576A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3108552A1 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1982-02-18 | Lais AG, 4056 Basel | Device for the parallel displacement of two supporting elements, arranged at a distance apart and lying in parallel planes, on lifting appliances or conveying apparatus |
US5028180A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-07-02 | Sheldon Paul C | Six-axis machine tool |
US5592793A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-01-14 | Merrick Machine Co. | Router machine |
EP0779126A1 (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1997-06-18 | Chiron-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Machine tool with several drive units |
GB2308322A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-06-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Machine tool |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KRAINEV A F ET AL: "WORKPIECE AND TOOL MOVEMENT MECHANISMS FOR NONTRADITIONAL ARRANGEMENT MACHINES", RUSSIAN ENGINEERING RESEARCH, vol. 15, no. 7, 1 July 1995 (1995-07-01), pages 44 - 49, XP000589648 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19743149A1 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
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