WO1999013965A1 - Methode permettant d'effectuer des reactions chimiques - Google Patents

Methode permettant d'effectuer des reactions chimiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999013965A1
WO1999013965A1 PCT/GB1998/002770 GB9802770W WO9913965A1 WO 1999013965 A1 WO1999013965 A1 WO 1999013965A1 GB 9802770 W GB9802770 W GB 9802770W WO 9913965 A1 WO9913965 A1 WO 9913965A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
liquid
fluids
tube
supplied
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/002770
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bernt Helge Torkildsen
Martin Sigmundstad
Harald Linga
Finn Patrick Nilsen
Original Assignee
Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9719668.7A external-priority patent/GB9719668D0/en
Application filed by Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S filed Critical Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S
Priority to EP98942906A priority Critical patent/EP1021236A1/fr
Priority to CA002303376A priority patent/CA2303376A1/fr
Priority to AU90871/98A priority patent/AU9087198A/en
Publication of WO1999013965A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999013965A1/fr
Priority to NO20001312A priority patent/NO20001312L/no

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475Removing carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1493Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31241Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow the main flow being injected in the circumferential area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the central part of the conduit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J10/00Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J10/00Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B01J10/002Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor carried out in foam, aerosol or bubbles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00103Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor in a heat exchanger separate from the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00105Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids part or all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
    • B01J2219/0011Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids part or all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling involving reactant liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00159Controlling the temperature controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/582Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for effecting a chemical reaction between components in two fluids. It is particularly concerned with a method in which the two fluids are of different phases.
  • a method of for effecting a chemical reaction between at least one component in a first fluid and at least one component in a second fluid of a different phase comprising: subjecting the two fluids to turbulent mixing, and allowing the selected components to react.
  • fluids in different phases are any two fluids which are immiscible or are only partly miscible.
  • Examples of such systems include gas/liquid, oil/water, fluidised solid/gas etc.
  • the invention also extends to the apparatus for carrying out this method.
  • the turbulent mixing is very intense and results in extremely efficient contact between the two fluids.
  • the mixing regime is preferably turbulent shear layer mixing.
  • the efficient mixing means that reaction can take place very rapidly and in a relatively small reactor volume compared to that required in conventional columns. This in turn means that any liquid duty in the equipment is dramatically reduced resulting in a consequential reduction in the size of any downstream regeneration section.
  • the mixing system used is simple and inexpensive compared to prior art systems, leading to reduced costs. Finally, an efficiency of approaching 100% can be achieved for certain applications.
  • the present invention has the advantage that any adiabatic expansion of a gas passing through a contactor reduces the contact temperature between a gas and a liquid, thereby increasing the quantity of gas which can be taken up by the liquid. Additionally, in systems where the heat of condensation and heat of solution of a gas in a liquid is significant, and normally causes the liquid temperature to rise and thus the absorption capacity of the liquid to fall, the adiabatic cooling can offset this undesirable effect.
  • the present method is also suitable for chemisorption reactions.
  • the reactions are usually exothermic, and the heat of reaction causes the liquid temperature to rise. This reduces the adsorption capacity of the liquid phase.
  • the adiabatic cooling of the gas can offset the heating effect of the reaction, thereby maintaining the adsorption capacity of the liquid. Careful design of the apparatus may eliminate the need for external cooling which is required in many chemisorption processes.
  • the short contact time needed for reaction means that short contact lines can be achieved with high interphase transport fluxes. This property makes the apparatus of this invention suitable for treating heat sensitive or chemically unstable fluids or fluid mixtures.
  • the first fluid is a gas mixture and the second fluid is in the liquid phase.
  • the first fluid is a liquid mixture or a liquid solution and the second fluid in the liquid phase.
  • the first fluid is a liquid mixture or a liquid solution and the second fluid is in the gas phase.
  • the method is carried out as a continuous process with the two fluids flowing co-currently.
  • the co-current flow eliminates any problems that might be associated with foaming and flooding, since separation can easily be effected downstream of the mixer.
  • the turbulent shear layer mixing may be achieved by any convenient means.
  • the mixing is conducted in a turbulent contactor including a first fluid inlet, a second fluid inlet, an outlet leading to a venturi passage, and a tube extending from the outlet back upstream, the tube being perforated and or being spaced from the periphery of the outlet.
  • the tube is located in a vessel, the vessel including the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet and the outlet.
  • the first fluid is supplied to the tube, optionally directly, and the second fluid is supplied to the vessel, and so the first fluid draws the second fluid into the venturi and the two fluids are mixed.
  • the invention is broadly applicable to any chemical reactions between components in two different fluid phases and is particularly applicable to any application where the reaction kinetics are rapid.
  • the fluid mixture may be a mixture of gases or may be in the liquid phase.
  • the components to be reacted may be a finely divided solid disperse phase, a dissolved solid, a liquid or a gas.
  • the invention also extends to the apparatus for carrying out this method.
  • a method for effecting a chemical reaction between two or more components in different fluid phases which comprises: supplying the fluids to a mixer or turbulent contactor; subjecting the fluids to turbulent shear layer mixing in the contactor to form a homogeneous mixture; allowing the selected components to react; optionally cooling the homogeneous mixture; separating the cooled homogeneous mixture into separate phases; treating the separated phases to remove the reaction product(s); and, if appropriate, recycling either of the fluid phases containing unreacted reactants.
  • the separation of the homogeneous mixture into separate phases may take place in any suitable separator.
  • a gas-liquid mixture may be separated in a hydrocyclone.
  • any cooling and/or heating of either the reagents or products is achieved, at least in part, by mutual heat exchange.
  • the liquid is pumped to the contactor and thereby draws the gas mixture with it through the contactor.
  • the first fluid is a gas mixture at a high pressure
  • the second fluid is a liquid
  • the gas is conveyed to the contactor at a high pressure and thereby draws the liquid with it through the contactor.
  • the invention also extends to apparatus for carrying out such a method.
  • the invention may be considered to extend to the use of a turbulent contactor to effect a chemical reaction between at least one component in a first fluid phase and at least one component in a second fluid of a different phase.
  • Figure 2 is a flow diagram of the process for use when the first fluid is a gas under high pressure
  • Figure 3 a is a view of a turbulent contactor suitable for use in the method of this invention.
  • Figure 3b is a view of a contactor similar to that in Figure 3a, but with the tube connected to a fluid inlet;
  • Figure 4a is a variant of the contactor shown in Figure 3 a;
  • Figure 5 is a view of a contactor similar to that shown in figure 3 a but with the perforated tube arranged so that all the fluid which passes through the outlet does so by way of the tube;
  • a continuous process operation for a chemical reaction between a component in a gas phase and a second component in a liquid phase is shown in figure 1.
  • a liquid stream 1 including the second selected component is conducted by a pump 2 to a contactor 3 (though this could be an ejector) capable of inducing turbulent mixing.
  • a gas stream 4, including the first selected component is drawn into the contactor 3 by the low pressure generated in the venturi by the liquid stream after it has passed through the pump (stream la).
  • This arrangement provides an automatic means of self-regulation as the gas mixture to liquid ratio can be maintained for varying flow rates.
  • the liquid and the gas stream are in the form of a homogeneous mixture (stream 5) and the chemical reaction between the selected components may occur very rapidly.
  • cooler 6 and the heater 10 if they are present may be combined to form a heat exchange unit.
  • FIG. 2 An alternative system for a chemical reaction between two or more components, one or more in a high-pressure gas stream, and the rest in a liquid stream, is shown in figure 2.
  • a high-pressure gas stream 20 containing a first selected component is conveyed to a contactor 21 similar to that shown in figure 3a.
  • the high pressure of the gas draws a controlled amount of the liquid stream from the recycle stream 22 and from a reservoir 23 into the contactor 21.
  • the two phases are in the form of a homogeneous mixture (stream 24) and the chemical reaction between the selected components takes place.
  • the heater 29 and the cooler 25 if present may be combined to form a heat exchange unit.
  • the liquid is forced up the tube 116 and the gas is drawn into the venturi passage 115 by the liquid and the two phases are mixed.
  • the gas may be drawn into the tube 116 through the perforations.
  • the turbulent contactor 200 comprises a vessel 201 having a first fluid inlet 202, a second fluid inlet 203 and an outlet 204 leading to a venturi passage 205.
  • the perforated tube 206 is arranged such that there is no gap at the outlet 204 of the vessel 201 for the fluids to pass through. The result of this arrangement is that all the fluid exits the vessel 201 via the perforated tube 206.
  • the first fluid e.g. a gas mixture
  • the second fluid e.g.
  • a gas mixture are supplied to the vessel 201, the second fluid being supplied to a level above the level of the outlet 204, whereby the first fluid is forced out through the outlet 204 via the tube 206, thereby drawing the second fluid into the venturi so that the two phases are mixed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une méthode permettant d'effectuer une réaction chimique entre au moins un composant dans un premier fluide d'une phase et au moins un composant dans un second fluide d'une phase différente. Cette méthode consiste à soumettre les deux fluides à un mélange en régime turbulent et à faire réagir les composants sélectionnés.
PCT/GB1998/002770 1997-09-15 1998-09-14 Methode permettant d'effectuer des reactions chimiques WO1999013965A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98942906A EP1021236A1 (fr) 1997-09-15 1998-09-14 Methode permettant d'effectuer des reactions chimiques
CA002303376A CA2303376A1 (fr) 1997-09-15 1998-09-14 Methode permettant d'effectuer des reactions chimiques
AU90871/98A AU9087198A (en) 1997-09-15 1998-09-14 Method for carrying out chemical reactions
NO20001312A NO20001312L (no) 1997-09-15 2000-03-14 FremgangsmÕte for utføring av kjemiske reaksjoner

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9719668.7A GB9719668D0 (en) 1997-09-15 1997-09-15 Acid gas separation
GB9719668.7 1997-09-15
GBGB9800485.6A GB9800485D0 (en) 1997-09-15 1998-01-09 Fluid mass transfer system
GB9800485.6 1998-01-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999013965A1 true WO1999013965A1 (fr) 1999-03-25

Family

ID=26312262

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/002770 WO1999013965A1 (fr) 1997-09-15 1998-09-14 Methode permettant d'effectuer des reactions chimiques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1021236A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU9087198A (fr)
CA (1) CA2303376A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20001312L (fr)
WO (1) WO1999013965A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4483826A (en) * 1980-08-12 1984-11-20 Phillips Petroleum Company Combination reaction vessel and aspirator-mixer
EP0200695A1 (fr) * 1985-04-23 1986-11-05 Abb Fläkt Ab Appareil de contact
EP0338147A1 (fr) * 1986-02-12 1989-10-25 QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES, Inc. Réaction continue de gaz avec des liquides
EP0380817A1 (fr) * 1989-02-03 1990-08-08 Gerardus Louis Beusen Procédé et dispositif pour traiter ou mélanger des composants dans des courants gazeux ou liquides
WO1990013859A1 (fr) * 1989-05-05 1990-11-15 Framo Developments (Uk) Limited Systeme de melange et de mesure utilisant un procede a phases multiples

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4483826A (en) * 1980-08-12 1984-11-20 Phillips Petroleum Company Combination reaction vessel and aspirator-mixer
EP0200695A1 (fr) * 1985-04-23 1986-11-05 Abb Fläkt Ab Appareil de contact
EP0338147A1 (fr) * 1986-02-12 1989-10-25 QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES, Inc. Réaction continue de gaz avec des liquides
EP0380817A1 (fr) * 1989-02-03 1990-08-08 Gerardus Louis Beusen Procédé et dispositif pour traiter ou mélanger des composants dans des courants gazeux ou liquides
WO1990013859A1 (fr) * 1989-05-05 1990-11-15 Framo Developments (Uk) Limited Systeme de melange et de mesure utilisant un procede a phases multiples

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2303376A1 (fr) 1999-03-25
AU9087198A (en) 1999-04-05
NO20001312D0 (no) 2000-03-14
EP1021236A1 (fr) 2000-07-26
NO20001312L (no) 2000-05-12

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