WO1999010604A1 - Procede et dispositif pour la mise en place d'un drain souterrain - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour la mise en place d'un drain souterrain Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999010604A1
WO1999010604A1 PCT/GB1998/002530 GB9802530W WO9910604A1 WO 1999010604 A1 WO1999010604 A1 WO 1999010604A1 GB 9802530 W GB9802530 W GB 9802530W WO 9910604 A1 WO9910604 A1 WO 9910604A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tunnel
permeable
media
open end
pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/002530
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gary Richard Deakin
Original Assignee
Euro Iseki Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Euro Iseki Limited filed Critical Euro Iseki Limited
Priority to AU88700/98A priority Critical patent/AU8870098A/en
Publication of WO1999010604A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999010604A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of .and apparatus for providing a subterranean drain. Particularly, though not exclusively, the invention is concerned with the provision of subterranean drainage means for the removal of leachate from contaminated ground.
  • a method of providing subterranean drainage means comprising the steps of: excavating a tunnel between a first point and a second point, and filling said tunnel with permeable means.
  • the permeable means may comprise, for example, a suitably graded granular material, a homogenous permeable mass such as foamed concrete and/or a permeable tube.
  • the tunnel may be provided, for example, between a pair of shafts, a shaft and a surface location or a pair of surface locations.
  • a blind tunnel may be provided extending from a shaft or a surface location.
  • the method may alternatively include the step of providing a perforated or slotted tube surrounded by a permeable media within the tunnel.
  • the step of filling the tunnel with the media may comprise the further steps of: providing apparatus adapted to deposit the media within the tunnel, and moving said apparatus through said tunnel while simultaneously depositing the media in a space vacated by said apparatus.
  • the step of filling the tunnel with the media may further comprise the steps of: reducing the pressure within the tunnel, and feeding the media through the apparatus as the apparatus is moved through the tunnel.
  • the step of filling the tunnel with the media may further comprise the step of: mechanically advancing the media through the apparatus as the apparatus is moved through the tunnel.
  • a method of providing subterranean drainage means comprising the steps of: excavating a tunnel between a first point and a second point, said tunnel being impermeable to the surrounding ground water regime, and altering the characteristics of the tunnel to permit the ingress of liquid into the tunnel.
  • the step of excavating the tunnel includes the step of lining the tunnel with an impermeable liner.
  • the step of altering the characteristics of the tunnel preferably includes the steps of: withdrawing the impermeable liner, and filling the tunnel with permeable means.
  • apparatus for the deposit of a permeable media within a subterranean tunnel comprising a substantially hollow body having an open end which, in use, opens into the tunnel, said hollow body containing supply means for the supply of said permeable media through said open end.
  • the media may comprise suitably graded granular material to provide the correct filter characteristics relevant to the subterranean drainage requirements and site permeability.
  • granular material to provide the correct filter characteristics relevant to the subterranean drainage requirements and site permeability.
  • pea gravel is an example of such a material.
  • the media may comprise a permeable mass such as foamed concrete.
  • the apparatus may be adapted to provide a perforated tube surrounded by permeable media within the tunnel.
  • the body may have arranged therein at least one transverse bulkhead which may be positioned so as to be stepped back from the open end. In that way, a space is defined between the bulkhead and the open end which receives the media fed by the supply means.
  • the supply means may comprise a first conduit terminating at an aperture provided in a first transverse bulkhead, a second conduit terminating at an aperture in a second transverse bulkhead, the bulkheads being separate from one another so as to define a chamber, the first bulkhead further having an aperture or gas permeable area permitting fluid communication between the chamber and said open end whereby the pressure in the chamber and hence the open end of the apparatus may be reduced while simultaneously the media passed to the open end.
  • the reduction in pressure is achieved by evacuating fluid from the chamber and the open end via the second conduit.
  • the tunnel is formed by a microtunnelling operation where the tunnel is lined as it is formed, preferably by means of a pipe or pipe sections which may be introduced into the tunnel as it is being formed.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is used in conjunction with the pipe or pipe sections which have been introduced into the tunnel.
  • the tunnel may be formed by other methods known to persons skilled in the particular art, eg directional drilling.
  • the supply means may comprise a conduit provided within the hollow body and terminating, for example, at an aperture provided in a transverse bulkhead, a mechanical delivery element such as an auger being provided within the conduit to feed the permeable media through the conduit.
  • a mechanical delivery element such as an auger being provided within the conduit to feed the permeable media through the conduit.
  • the auger, or a stem thereof may be hollow to allow a perforated pipe to be introduced within the tunnel, preferably as the media is being deposited by the auger.
  • the tunnel is preferably formed by a microtunnelling operation as described above with respect to the first embodiment tunnel.
  • the tunnel may be formed by other methods known to persons skilled in the particular art, eg directional drilling.
  • Withdrawal means may be provided for withdrawing the tunnel apparatus in accordance with the said first or second aspect of the invention or any or the consistory clauses relating thereto, the withdrawal means preferably comprising, in one embodiment, a gimbal having inner and outer pivotally interconnected members, one of the inner and outer members being attached, in use, to means for applying a withdrawal load and the other of the inner and outer members being arranged to transmit the withdrawal load to the apparatus.
  • withdrawal means for withdrawing a tunnel lining inserted during a tunnelling operation, the apparatus comprising a gimbal having inner and outer pivotally interconnected members, one of the inner and outer members being attached, in use, to means for applying a withdrawal load and the other of the inner and outer members being arranged to transmit the withdrawal load to the tunnel lining.
  • the withdrawal load is applied to the outer gimbal member.
  • Fig 1. a partly cross-sectional side view of prior art microtunnelling apparatus
  • Fig 2. a cross-sectional side view of apparatus for providing subterranean drainage means according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig 3. a cross-sectional side view of apparatus for providing subterranean drainage means according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig 4. a perspective view of a crosshead adapted for the extraction of apparatus shown in Figs 2 and 3;
  • Fig 5. a schematic view of a drive shaft, a reception shaft and a connecting tunnel
  • Fig 6 a cross-sectional view of a drive shaft and a tunnel provided within a hill or the side of a valley;
  • Figs 7 a and 7b cross-sectional and plan of a drive shaft with three radially extending tunnels
  • FIGs 8a and 8b side views of apparatus for providing subterranean drainage means according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 5 for the excavation of subterranean tunnels by a method known as microtunnelling.
  • the apparatus 5 comprises a steerable cutter apparatus 10, a reciprocating jacking unit 15 to advance the cutter apparatus 10 ahead of pipe sections 20 sequentially introduced into the jacking unit 15, and slurry management apparatus 25 to dispose of material excavated by the cutter apparatus 10.
  • the cutter apparatus 10 comprises a hollow cylindrical body 30, a fore portion 35 of which is displaceable relative to an aft portion 40, the fore portion 35 having at its foremost end 45, a rotatable cutter 50.
  • the cutter 50 may serve to both excavate material ahead of the cutter apparatus 10 and subsequently pulverise said material.
  • the material excavated by the cutter 50 may be crushed in a chamber (not shown) behind the cutter face.
  • the interior of the body 30 contains one or more electric motors 55 to drive the cutter 50, a slurry chamber 60 aft of the cutter 50, and at least two hydraulic rams 65 to displace the fore portion 35 of the cutter apparatus 10 to effect steering.
  • the jacking unit 15 comprises a frame 70 with a launch bed 75, a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 80 acting along axes parallel to said launch bed 75, and a crosshead 85 displaceable by said hydraulic cylinders 80.
  • the crosshead 85 may incorporate an indexing mechanism to effectively increase the throw of the cylinders 80.
  • the slurry management apparatus 25 comprises supply and settlement tanks 90, 95, fixed speed charge pumps and variable speed discharge pumps 100, piping 105 to circulate fluid such as slurry from the supply tank 90 to the cutter apparatus slurry chamber 60 and back to the settlement tank 95 and crossover valve means 110 to isolate the supply to the slurry chamber 60 when needed.
  • a laser 115 is provided behind the jacking unit 15, the beam of which is directed onto a target provided within the cutter apparatus 10.
  • the position of the beam upon the target is viewed by an operator at a control panel 120 remote from the cutter apparatus 10 via a CCTV feed 125 and from the position of the beam relative to the target the operator can infer such information as the attitude and direction of the cutter apparatus 10.
  • the operator may control the cutter apparatus 10 from active target information displayed upon a computer screen.
  • Electrical and hydraulic power for the cutter apparatus 10 and cylinders 80 may be provided by remote generators and pumps 130.
  • a pair of shafts, referred to as a drive shaft 135 and a reception shaft 225 are sunk at points between which a tunnel 160 is to be provided, and to depths slightly below which the tunnel 160 is to be provided.
  • the shafts are suitably lined with, for example shuttering or a concrete caisson 140, and if it is deemed necessary the ground surrounding the shafts 135, 225 is suitably prepared, for example by freezing.
  • a concrete floor 145 and jacking wall 150 are provided within the drive shaft 135 prior to the installation of the jacking unit 15.
  • the cutter apparatus 10 is placed upon the launch bed 75 and the necessary electrical and slurry pipe connections made.
  • the cutter 50 is activated and the crosshead 85 advanced by the cylinders 85 until it is brought into contact with the rear of the cutter apparatus 10. Further extension of the cylinders 85 causes the cutter apparatus 10 to be moved into contact with the shaft wall 155 adjacent to the jacking unit 15 in the direction of the reception shaft.
  • the cutter 50 excavates material immediately ahead of it, subsequently pulverises said material and passes it to the slurry chamber 60, whereupon it is mixed with slurry and transported to the surface.
  • the cylinders 80 Once the cylinders 80 have reached their maximum extension, they and the crosshead 85 are retracted and the necessary disconnection of slurry pipes and electrical connections made.
  • a pipe section 20 of a diameter slightly less than that of the cutter apparatus 10 is placed upon the launch bed 75.
  • the slurry pipes and electrical connections are re-established through the pipe section 20 to the cutter apparatus 10 and the pipe section 20 moved into abutment with the rear of the cutter apparatus 10 by the crosshead and cylinders 85, 80. Further extension of the cylinders 80 causes the pipe section 20 and the cutter apparatus 10 to be advanced towards the reception shaft.
  • the tunnelling method hereinbefore described allows a tunnel 160 lined with pipe sections 20 to be provided between two points while preventing the ingress of liquid such as ground water into the tunnel 160 during its construction.
  • the present invention provides a drain preferably of substantially cylindrical cross-section comprised at least partially a suitably graded permeable media such as pea gravel at a desired depth below the surface of the landfill site.
  • a slotted pipe may be provided concentrically within the permeable media to aid in the transport of leachate from the landfill site. Provision may be made to provide a permeable filter sheath around the slotted pipe.
  • Figs 7a and 7b show a further arrangement whereby blind tunnels 160 extend radially from a central drive shaft 135. This arrangement may be particularly useful where it is required to provide drainage within a bowl shaped area indicated by broken line 355.
  • a pipe is installed from the drive shaft to the reception shaft substantially as hereinbefore described. Slurry generated by the pipe installation may require special treatment to contain harmful substances present in the material of the landfill site.
  • the pipe is composed from steel pipe sections.
  • pea gravel or a like graded permeable substance is deposited by the can in the cylindrical void vacated by the pipe.
  • the pipe sections and finally the can are then removed from the drive shaft.
  • the can may be adapted to install a slotted pipe in addition to the gravel.
  • the can 165 comprises a cylindrical steel pipe 170 within which are provided inner and outer bulkheads 175, 180, the bulkheads 175, 180 being stepped back from the end of the pipe 170.
  • a vacuum chamber 185 is defined between the bulkheads 175, 180 and the pipe 170.
  • a permeable media supply pipe 190 extending from the drive shaft passes through the vacuum chamber 185 and terminates at an orifice 195 provided in the outer bulkhead 180.
  • a vacuum pipe 200 also extending from the drive shaft terminates at an orifice 205 in the inner bulkhead 175.
  • the outer bulkhead 180 is further provided with an aperture or gas permeable area 210 in communication with the vacuum chamber 185.
  • a holder 215 is provided upon the outer bulkhead 180 and serves to retain a slotted pipe 220.
  • the slotted pipe 220 extends from the bulkhead 180 to a reception shaft 225 through an aperture 230 in the wall 235 of the reception shaft 225.
  • a permeable media supply 226 and a vacuum pump 227 are connected to the permeable media supply pipe 190 and vacuum pipe 200 respectively and may be provided in or near the drive shaft 135.
  • the slotted pipe 220 which may be manufactured from a plastic material such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), may be stored as a coiled tube or as individual stands in or near the reception shaft 225.
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • the can 165 and slotted pipe 220 are withdrawn back towards the drive shaft 135 by the jacking unit 15. Once the can 165 no longer projects into the reception shaft 225 the hole made in the wall 235 of the reception shaft 225 by the cutter apparatus 10 is repaired. If a slotted pipe 220 is to be installed then an aperture 230 is left in the repair. A collar 245 is fitted to the aperture 230 and acts both as a seal and a guide for the slotted pipe 220.
  • Activation of the vacuum pump 227 decreases the pressure within the vacuum chamber 185, the vacuum pipe 200 and in the void left by the retreating can 165 ahead of the outer bulkhead 180.
  • Permeable media 250 fed into the permeable media supply pipe 190 from the permeable media supply 226 is deposited in the void ahead of the outer bulkhead 180 as the can 165 is retracted.
  • the vacuum created in the void ensures that the permeable media 250 fills the void and fully encompasses the slotted pipe 220 (where used).
  • the retraction speed of the can 165 is matched to the deposition rate of the permeable media 250 to ensure the void is fully filled.
  • the can 255 comprises a cylindrical steel pipe 260 within which there is provided a bulkhead 265, the bulkhead 265 being stepped back from the end of the pipe 260.
  • An inner pipe 270 is preferably provided concentrically within the pipe 260, the inner pipe 270 extending from the drive shaft 135 to an aperture 275 in the centre of the bulkhead 265.
  • a rotatable hollow auger 280 is arranged with working clearance within the inner pipe 270 to advance permeable media 250 through the inner pipe 270.
  • the hollow centre 290 of " the auger 280 is of a sufficient diameter to accommodate a slotted pipe 220 of the type described above.
  • the slotted pipe 220 may, as shown in Fig 3, be fed from the drive shaft 135 through the auger 280 to the can 255 or alternatively fed from the reception shaft 225 and drawn through the tunnel by the auger 280 and/or the can 255. In circumstances where it is not deemed necessary to fit a slotted pipe 220 the end of the auger 280 may be blanked off with a cap or alternatively a solid auger employed.
  • a power unit 282 to rotate the auger 280 and a supply 226 for supplying permeable media 250 to the inner pipe 270 may be provided in or near the drive shaft 135.
  • the second embodiment of the can 255 operates in a manner similar to that described above for the first embodiment.
  • permeable media 250 is deposited by the auger 280 in the void left by the can 255.
  • the retraction speed of the can 255 is matched to the deposition rate of the auger 280 to ensure that the void is fully filled.
  • Figs 8a and 8b show a possible adaptation of the apparatus previously described to enable the method of the present invention to be used in conjunction with blind tunnels.
  • the cutter apparatus 10 may be releasably attached to the leading pipe section in order that it can be disconnected and retrieved.
  • the cutter 50 may include arms (not shown) foldable to allow the cutter to be retrieved by withdrawal through the pipe 20 in direction of arrow A.
  • the cutter 10 Once the cutter 10 has been removed from the pipe 20 a can of either of the types substantially as hereinbefore described may be advanced through the pipe 20 in direction of arrow B and anchored within the leading pipe section.
  • the tunnel 160 may then be filled with permeable media in the manner previously described.
  • Fig 4 there is shown a jacking unit crosshead 300 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the crosshead 300 is in the form of a gimbal and comprises inner and outer annular members 305, 310, and mounting members 315 which may be attached to hydraulic cylinders (not shown).
  • the inner member 305 is pivotably attached to the outer member 310 by a pair of coaxial trunnions 320 while the outer member 310 is pivotably attached to the mounting members 315 by a further pair of coaxial trunnions 325 disposed at right angles to the first pair 320.
  • Three equidistantly spaced apertures 330 are provided in the inner member 305.
  • the crosshead 300 is employed to retract the pipe and can towards the drive shaft 135.
  • Elongate rods 332 are retained axially within the apertures 330 and extend longitudinally through the pipe sections 22.
  • the remote ends of the rods 332 are secured to respective anchor points (not shown) within the can 165, 255.
  • the inner and outer members 305, 310 can pivot about the axes of the trunnions 320, 325 to compensate for any irregularity in the lengths of the rods 332 and to ensure the pipe and can are retracted squarely.
  • Ancillaries such as ducting, shafting or cables relating to the permeable media supply 226, vacuum pump 227, auger drive power unit 282 and/or the supply of slotted pipe 220 may be provided through the centre 335 of the inner member 305.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la mise en place d'un drain souterrain, qui consiste à creuser un tunnel entre des premier et second points et à remplir le tunnel de matières perméables. On creuse le tunnel en procédant par micro-excavation, de manière à établir un tunnel (160) sur la longueur duquel sont déposés des tronçons de tuyauterie (20). On relie une pièce cylindrique de conception spéciale ou une came (165) à une extrémité des tronçons de tuyauterie (20). On retire ensuite du tunnel (160) la came (165) et les tronçons de tuyauterie (20) tandis que, simultanément, les matières perméables sont fournies depuis la came (165) à l'espace ainsi libéré. Les matières perméables peuvent se présenter sous la forme de matériau grenu, de masse perméable homogène et/ou d'un tube perméable.
PCT/GB1998/002530 1997-08-22 1998-08-21 Procede et dispositif pour la mise en place d'un drain souterrain WO1999010604A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU88700/98A AU8870098A (en) 1997-08-22 1998-08-21 A method of and apparatus for providing a subterranean drain

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9717764.6 1997-08-22
GBGB9717764.6A GB9717764D0 (en) 1997-08-22 1997-08-22 A method of and apparatus for providing a subterranean drain

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999010604A1 true WO1999010604A1 (fr) 1999-03-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/002530 WO1999010604A1 (fr) 1997-08-22 1998-08-21 Procede et dispositif pour la mise en place d'un drain souterrain

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU8870098A (fr)
GB (1) GB9717764D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999010604A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018229754A1 (fr) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-20 Bentura Meir Systèmes et procédés de détection de vides souterrains

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589135A (en) * 1968-03-15 1971-06-29 Ainsley Neville Ede Trenchless laying of underground pipes
DE3533135A1 (de) * 1985-09-17 1987-03-19 Mst Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ummanteln von draenagerohren
DE19625073A1 (de) * 1996-06-22 1997-01-23 Thomas Dr Ing Daffner Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Dränage- und Sickerwasserleitungen in geschlossener Bauweise
US5657527A (en) * 1988-03-04 1997-08-19 Randall J. Houck Methods for making light-weight drainage line units

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589135A (en) * 1968-03-15 1971-06-29 Ainsley Neville Ede Trenchless laying of underground pipes
DE3533135A1 (de) * 1985-09-17 1987-03-19 Mst Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ummanteln von draenagerohren
US5657527A (en) * 1988-03-04 1997-08-19 Randall J. Houck Methods for making light-weight drainage line units
DE19625073A1 (de) * 1996-06-22 1997-01-23 Thomas Dr Ing Daffner Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Dränage- und Sickerwasserleitungen in geschlossener Bauweise

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018229754A1 (fr) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-20 Bentura Meir Systèmes et procédés de détection de vides souterrains
US10995616B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2021-05-04 Meir BENTURA Systems and methods for detection of underground voids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8870098A (en) 1999-03-16
GB9717764D0 (en) 1997-10-29

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