WO1999010589A1 - Moisture-controlled curing durable press process - Google Patents
Moisture-controlled curing durable press process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999010589A1 WO1999010589A1 PCT/US1998/017285 US9817285W WO9910589A1 WO 1999010589 A1 WO1999010589 A1 WO 1999010589A1 US 9817285 W US9817285 W US 9817285W WO 9910589 A1 WO9910589 A1 WO 9910589A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- formaldehyde
- curing
- moisture
- catalyst
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 267
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 8
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009988 textile finishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- DTSBYIWBBRRVIY-BJDJZHNGSA-N Asp-Met-Met-Cys Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N DTSBYIWBBRRVIY-BJDJZHNGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FBFVXSBCWUNIQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N desmethoxymajusculamide C Natural products CN1C(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CNC(=O)C(C(C)CC)N(C)C(=O)CNC(=O)C(C(C)CC)OC(=O)C(C)C(CC)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(C)(C)C(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FBFVXSBCWUNIQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 206010003549 asthenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/08—Organic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/001—Treatment with visible light, infrared or ultraviolet, X-rays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/003—Treatment with radio-waves or microwaves
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/006—Ultra-high-frequency heating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
- D06M13/127—Mono-aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde; Monoketones
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/20—Treatment influencing the crease behaviour, the wrinkle resistance, the crease recovery or the ironing ease
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2762—Coated or impregnated natural fiber fabric [e.g., cotton, wool, silk, linen, etc.]
- Y10T442/277—Coated or impregnated cellulosic fiber fabric
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to making cellulosic fiber-containing fabric wrinkle-free/resistant by heat-curing using aqueous formaldehyde. More particularly, it relates to making a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric wrinkle-free/resistant by a heat-curing process ("durable press” process) using aqueous formaldehyde and catalyst under conditions whereby the moisture content of the fiber and the reduction of hydrogen bonds in the fiber can be controlled.
- U.S. Patent 4,108,598 describes an aqueous formaldehyde cross-linking process which employs a binder or thickening agent to prevent substantial loss of formaldehyde during curing, or alternatively, with heat- curing under a gradual temperature increase from low temperature to prevent substantial loss of formaldehyde after imparting a moisture content to the fabric of more than 20% by weight.
- a binder or thickening agent to prevent substantial loss of formaldehyde during curing, or alternatively, with heat- curing under a gradual temperature increase from low temperature to prevent substantial loss of formaldehyde after imparting a moisture content to the fabric of more than 20% by weight.
- All commercial heat-curing or heat-setting equipment is designed for man-made fiber heat- setting and/or amino-plastic resin heat-curing, neither of which requires the control of moisture and temperature in several chambers precisely as does aqueous formaldehyde cross-linking.
- the collective presence of many hydrogen bonds in cellulosic fiber accounts for a substantial loss of tear and tensile strength and abrasion resistance.
- the reduction of hydrogen bonding in cellulosic fiber can be achieved either by aqueous wetting or by liquid ammonia treatment in a pre- treatment step, and maintaining enough moisture content to prevent an increase in hydrogen bonding caused by drying at curing.
- Table 1 Increase of tear, tensile and abrasion strength by preventing the increase of hydrogen bonding in cotton fabric using steam cure
- A 20% DMMC; 1.2% catalyst (MgCl 2 «6H 2 0 50%, citric acid 50%); 2% polyethylene; 0.1% wetting agent.
- Table 1 shows to a great extent the remarkable effectiveness of steam curing with moisture in reducing strength loss while keeping high levels of durable press.
- this steam cure method has not been applied to catalytic, aqueous formaldehyde cross-linking of cellulosic fiber-containing fabrics.
- the present invention solves the above two problems simultaneously, which thereby also obviates the difficulty of applying catalytic formaldehyde cross-linking to 100% cotton light weight fabrics so as to retain enough tear strength, tensile strength and abrasion resistance to render such fabrics optimally marketable.
- the present invention provides a durable press process that makes natural or artificial cellulosic fiber- containing fabrics (e.g., cotton, linen, ramie, regenerated cellulose, and blends thereof with other fibers such as polyester, nylon, etc.) wrinkle-free/resistant with better water absorbency and less strength-loss by using aqueous formaldehyde and catalyst under the control of moisture content in the fabric by the process of saturated steam cure, superheated steam cure, moist cure, mild cure, etc., with other factors such as high pressure, far infrared or infrared radiation and/or high frequency induction radio waves
- microwaves after reducing the hydrogen bonding in the cellulosic fiber-containing fabric with aqueous wetting and/or liquid ammonia treatment.
- high pressure superheated steam
- infrared radiation and/or high frequency (induction) radio waves under conditions at which formaldehyde reacts with cellulose in the presence of catalyst without any substantial loss of formaldehyde prior to the reaction of said formaldehy
- Gradual heating under precise moisture control in the heating environment can be used to prevent the substantial loss of formaldehyde before the reaction thereof with the cellulose and to control the increase in hydrogen bonding within the cellulosic fiber, instead of a single temperature, although the latter can be used if desired.
- the exact temperature range and time during which the curing fabric will be at any given temperature will depend upon the particular catalyst being used, its concentration in solution and the amount of formaldehyde present, as well as the fabric being treated and the desired results. These factors would be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art. Generally, a temperature range of from 100°F to 350°F over a period of five minutes will yield good results.
- the treated fabric may be introduced into a heating zone and the temperature of the zone gradually increased. If a continuous process is desired, the treated fabric may be passed through zones of increasing temperatures to produce the necessary heating without substantial loss of formaldehyde. The number and temperature difference between zones is also not critical so long as the substantial loss of formaldehyde is prevented and moisture is controlled with sufficient precision.
- the fabric is treated in the manner according to (A) or (B) :
- the fabric is treated to contain the precise volume of aqueous formaldehyde and/or of the catalyst necessary to obtain the desired level of cross-linking.
- the present invention solves the aforementioned problems of the prior art by controlling the moisture content so as to preserve an adequate volume of aqueous formaldehyde and catalyst for the intended level of cross-linking in cellulosic fiber-containing fabric at the curing stage, retaining the same or a similar level of reduction of hydrogen bonding in cellulosic fiber achieved by aqueous wetting and/or by liquid ammonia treatment in a pre-treatment step as follows:
- the cellulosic fiber-containing fabric is processed by any convenient form of agueous wetting such as padding, dipping, spraying etc. to reduce the extent of hydrogen bonding in cellulosic fiber and aqueous formaldehyde and catalysts.
- the fabric is at first processed by treating it with liquid ammonia to reduce hydrogen bonding in the cellulosic fiber, and then processed by aqueous wetting with aqueous formaldehyde and catalyst according to the present invention.
- the liquid ammonia treatment process is particularly effective at increasing the strength of light weight cellulosic fiber-containing fabric.
- the invention controls the moisture level of cellulosic fiber-containing fabric in the catalytic aqueous formaldehyde curing process in the precise manner to retain both a sufficient volume of formaldehyde and catalysts for the desired level of cross-linking without — or controlling — its evaporation with moisture, and at the same time, adequate and enough volume of moisture to prevent the increase of hydrogen bonding in cellulosic fiber at curing.
- the fabrics are cured in the manner according to either (I) , (II) , (III) , or (IV) , below.
- Saturated Steam Cure does not deplete the moisture content of the fabric.
- the fabric is treated to contain the precise volume of aqueous formaldehyde and/or of the catalyst necessary to obtain the desired level of cross-linking with or without one or more moisture absorbent substances at the desired level of moisture content to prevent the increase of hydrogen bonding in the cellulosic fiber.
- formaldehyde requires heating up to about 350°F to cure for cross-linking of cellulosic molecules, depending on the moisture/ formaldehyde ratio, type of catalyst, type of heating, timing of heating, etc.
- the catalysts of ammonium salts, sulfates and other sulfur related acids such as sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, methane sulfonic acid, etc. are active at lower temperatures from about 200°F to 280°F as opposed to metallic acids such as aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, etc. at over 300°F.
- Saturated steam heating under atmospheric pressure is effective for the heat-curing of aqueous formaldehyde at temperatures of 212°F or less in case the required heating is not higher than 212°F for the desired curing.
- Saturated high pressure (superheated) steam is ideal for heat-curing of aqueous formaldehyde at the temperature of more than 212 °F (water boiling point) due to no loss of moisture.
- High frequency radio waves are useful to raise the temperature of the fabric without or almost without raising the temperature of the atmosphere.
- the exposure of the fabric to high frequency radio waves takes place inside a saturated steam chamber or a separate process immediately after a saturated steam chamber.
- the range of wave lengths of such high frequency induction radio wave curing is the same as the wave lengths which cause water to become heated.
- II. Superheated Steam Curing Durable Press Process The other method is to use superheated steam with or without the moisture retaining additives to aqueous formaldehyde and a catalyst at the treatment of the fabric in order to prevent the loss of moisture in cellulosic fiber at the heat-curing.
- superheated steam curing is its control of relative humidity in the atmosphere. Regardless of whether atmospheric humidity is high or low, superheated steam has a fixed relative humidity at a given temperature. For example, if superheated steam is controlled at 120°C, it always has 51% relative humidity as opposed to dry heating which has no control of humidity in the atmosphere. Thus, by controlling the temperature of superheated steam, relative humidity is automatically controlled, then the extent of depletion of aqueous formaldehyde and catalyst from the fabric at cross-linking (curing temperature) is subsequently precisely controlled.
- the fabric is treated in the beginning with increased volume of moisture, aqueous formaldehyde and catalyst in aqueous wetting process to the same extent in which the fabric loses moisture content at curing temperature.
- the initial moisture content in the fabric is also designed to maintain the level necessary to prevent the increase of hydrogen bond at curing.
- Moisture retaining additives further reduce the depletion of moisture from fabric at curing.
- Such additives should not contain hydro- oxyl (OH) in their molecules which react with formaldehyde and cause the fabric to become hardened.
- the precise manner of control of moisture content can be achieved by moist cure which comprises rolling up the fabric along with the desired level of moisture and aqueous formaldehyde with catalyst after aqueous wetting by padding, dipping, spraying, etc. and covering the rolled up fabric with plastic sheet or film to seal off the evaporation of moisture from the rolled up fabric.
- moist cure comprises rolling up the fabric along with the desired level of moisture and aqueous formaldehyde with catalyst after aqueous wetting by padding, dipping, spraying, etc. and covering the rolled up fabric with plastic sheet or film to seal off the evaporation of moisture from the rolled up fabric.
- the present invention uses aqueous formaldehyde with catalyst instead of amino-plastic resin for cross- linking under the same precise way of moisture content control, and as such no prior art teaches the invention.
- Moist cure with aqueous formaldehyde with catalyst may be assisted by far-infrared or infrared and/or high frequency induction radio wave.
- the roll After rolling up the fabric with the desired level of moisture and aqueous formaldehyde with catalysts, the roll is placed in closed chamber with temperature and humidity control. While the fabric is transferred to another empty roll in the same chamber, the fabric is exposed to far-infrared or infrared and/or high frequency induction radio waves to the extent necessary to cross-linking aqueous formaldehyde with cellulose molecule.
- mild cure using steam at below 212°F enables the retention of enough of a moisture level to contain aqueous formaldehyde with catalysts necessary to achieve the desired degree of cross-linking and moisture at curing to prevent the increase of hydrogen bonding and thus preserving the desired level of tear, tensile and abrasion strength.
- the control of steam temperature less than 212°F (100°C) in a constant manner requires well-structured steaming equipment and good control of steam pressure.
- Moisture retaining additives for any of the above curing methods further reduce the depletion of humidity from fabric at curing.
- Such additives should not contain hydro- oxyl (OH) in their molecules which react with formaldehyde and make the fabric hardened.
- the extent of cross-linking There are three ways to control the extent of cross-linking.
- One way is to control the volume of formaldehyde (0.5% to 20% of fabric weight depending on the desired level of cross-linking) , in the presence of more than enough (excess) catalyst.
- the second is to control the volume of catalyst (0.01% to 10% of fabric weight, depending on the desired level of cross-linking) in the presence of more than enough formaldehyde.
- liquid formaldehyde (37% formaldehyde, 5% methanol, 48% water) volume of about 0.5% to 20% of fabric weight is applied to the fabric to control the desired level of wrinkle-free property in the presence of abundant catalyst.
- the catalyst can be any acid substance, including Lewis acids such as magnesium chloride and aluminum chloride, methanesulfonic acid, paratoluenesulphonic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and the like.
- Heating temperature varies up to about 350 °F, depending on the type of catalyst. For example, sulfur dioxide requires about 265°F; aluminum chloride requires almost 320°F.
- formaldehyde is the best chemical for wrinkle-resistant finishing of cellulosic fiber-containing fabric. It preserves the water (moisture) absorbency and naturalness of cellulose fiber as opposed to resin (aminoplast) finish which covers cellulosic fiber with aminoplastic film and reduces water (moisture) absorbency.
- resin aminoplast
- vapor phase formaldehyde curing has been successfully applied to commercial production. The easiest way is to apply aqueous formaldehyde to the fabric by padding or dipping or spraying, etc.
- the quantitative control of moisture in cellulosic fiber is essential in reducing the strength loss by preventing the increase of hydrogen bonds in cellulosic fiber, particularly for light weight 100% cotton fabric.
- This invention achieves such precise moisture control for quantitative control of both aqueous formaldehyde with catalysts and moisture level necessary to prevent the increase of hydrogen bonds, utilizing the following curing methods :
- the fabric is processed in aqueous wetting such as padding, dipping, spraying, etc. , to impregnate formaldehyde with catalysts and to reduce the hydrogen bonds in cellulosic fiber with or without prior treatment by liquid ammonia, then treated to reach the desired content level of moisture and formaldehyde with catalysts before curing.
- aqueous wetting such as padding, dipping, spraying, etc.
- the volumes of formaldehyde and catalyst are adjusted according to the type of cellulosic fiber, the type of fabric, the desired level of wrinkle-resistance, etc.
- the temperature during the curing step is adjusted according to the type of catalyst used. For example, sulfur dioxide is used when curing at 265°F to 280°F, aluminum chloride is used when curing at 320°F; methane sulfonic acid is used when curing at 230 °F, etc.
- the fabric is processed at 330°F in a high pressure saturated steam, then washed and dried.
- the volumes of formaldehyde and catalyst are adjusted according to the type of cellulosic fiber, the type of fabric and the desired level of wrinkle-resistance.
- the extent of moisture loss in fabric is subject to timing of curing. Supposing the curing time is 5 minutes and the loss of moisture is 50%, then formaldehyde content in solution is increased by double if the original solution contains the adequate amounts (volumes) of formaldehyde and catalyst at no moisture loss curing.
- the fabric is dried to 5% to 15% moisture content and rolled up. The roll is completely covered by plastic sheet to prevent moisture evaporation.
- the fabric is cured at 15°C to 30°C in 5 to 30 hours depending on the desired level of wrinkle-resistance. Then the fabric is washed and dried.
- This precise control of moisture content at curing prevents the increase of hydrogen bonds at curing and substantially preserves the tear, tensile and abrasion strengths of fabric obtained at pre-treatment with aqueous wetting and/or liquid ammonia.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1023481T DE1023481T1 (en) | 1997-08-22 | 1998-08-21 | METHOD FOR WRINKLING BY MEANS OF A MOISTURE CONTROLLED HARDNESS PROCESS |
JP2000507888A JP2001514340A (en) | 1997-08-22 | 1998-08-21 | Moisture control curing permanent press method |
AU92004/98A AU9200498A (en) | 1997-08-22 | 1998-08-21 | Moisture-controlled curing durable press process |
EP98944469A EP1023481A4 (en) | 1997-08-22 | 1998-08-21 | Moisture-controlled curing durable press process |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US5682397P | 1997-08-22 | 1997-08-22 | |
US60/056,823 | 1997-08-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999010589A1 true WO1999010589A1 (en) | 1999-03-04 |
Family
ID=22006774
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/017285 WO1999010589A1 (en) | 1997-08-22 | 1998-08-21 | Moisture-controlled curing durable press process |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6121167A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1023481A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001514340A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1276841A (en) |
AU (1) | AU9200498A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1023481T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999010589A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1141469A1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2001-10-10 | Procter & Gamble A.G. | Textile finishing process |
US6375685B2 (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 2002-04-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Textile finishing process |
US6565612B2 (en) | 1998-09-30 | 2003-05-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Shrink resistant rayon fabrics |
WO2007065222A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-14 | Depco-Trh Pty Ltd | Pre-preg and laminate manufacture |
WO2009132395A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-05 | Depco-Trh Pty Ltd | Method for manufacturing a printed overlaying material |
EP2837737A1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-18 | Flooring Technologies Ltd. | Method for drying of aqueous coatings using near-infrared radiation |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20030194505A1 (en) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-10-16 | Milbocker Michael Thomas | Accelerated implant polymerization |
JP6640612B2 (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2020-02-05 | 直本工業株式会社 | Method for producing glass for automobile with member and superheated steam chamber used for production of glass for automobile with member |
CN109944062B (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2021-04-27 | 武汉纺织大学 | Liquid ammonia swelling and in-situ controllable non-ironing finishing method for cotton fabric |
CN112281483A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-01-29 | 中国纺织科学研究院有限公司 | Rapid crosslinking method of cellulose fibers and preparation method of anti-fibrillation cellulose fibers |
Citations (4)
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US2243765A (en) * | 1939-04-04 | 1941-05-27 | Courtaulds Ltd | Treatment of cellulosic textile materials |
GB980980A (en) * | 1961-11-28 | 1965-01-20 | Toyo Spinning Company Ltd | Treatment of cellulosic fabrics |
US3841832A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1974-10-15 | Cotton Inc | Process for treating cellulosic material with formaldehyde in liquid phase and sulfur dioxide |
US4108598A (en) * | 1976-12-02 | 1978-08-22 | The Strike Corporation | Durable press process |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US30860A (en) * | 1860-12-04 | Improvement in machines for husking and shelling corn | ||
USRE30860E (en) | 1971-12-06 | 1982-02-02 | Cotton, Incorporated | Process for treating cellulosic material with formaldehyde in liquid phase and sulfur dioxide |
US3960482A (en) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-06-01 | The Strike Corporation | Durable press process employing high mositure content fabrics |
US5320873A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1994-06-14 | American Laundry Machinery, Inc. | Process and apparatus for treating cellulosic fiber-containing fabric to improve durable press and shrinkage resistance |
-
1998
- 1998-08-20 US US09/137,294 patent/US6121167A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-21 WO PCT/US1998/017285 patent/WO1999010589A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-21 AU AU92004/98A patent/AU9200498A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-08-21 JP JP2000507888A patent/JP2001514340A/en active Pending
- 1998-08-21 EP EP98944469A patent/EP1023481A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-08-21 DE DE1023481T patent/DE1023481T1/en active Pending
- 1998-08-21 CN CN98810241.2A patent/CN1276841A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2243765A (en) * | 1939-04-04 | 1941-05-27 | Courtaulds Ltd | Treatment of cellulosic textile materials |
GB980980A (en) * | 1961-11-28 | 1965-01-20 | Toyo Spinning Company Ltd | Treatment of cellulosic fabrics |
US3663974A (en) * | 1961-11-28 | 1972-05-23 | Toyo Spinning Co Ltd | Treatment of a cross-linking agent-impregnated cellulosic fabric with a gaseous acid catalyst |
US3841832A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1974-10-15 | Cotton Inc | Process for treating cellulosic material with formaldehyde in liquid phase and sulfur dioxide |
US4108598A (en) * | 1976-12-02 | 1978-08-22 | The Strike Corporation | Durable press process |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1023481A4 * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6375685B2 (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 2002-04-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Textile finishing process |
US6716255B2 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 2004-04-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Textile finishing process |
US6719809B2 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 2004-04-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Textile finishing process |
US6827746B2 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 2004-12-07 | Strike Investments, Llc | Textile finishing process |
EP1141469A1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2001-10-10 | Procter & Gamble A.G. | Textile finishing process |
EP1141469A4 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2001-11-07 | Procter & Gamble A G | Textile finishing process |
US6511928B2 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2003-01-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Rayon fabric with substantial shrink-resistant properties |
US6565612B2 (en) | 1998-09-30 | 2003-05-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Shrink resistant rayon fabrics |
WO2007065222A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-14 | Depco-Trh Pty Ltd | Pre-preg and laminate manufacture |
WO2009132395A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-05 | Depco-Trh Pty Ltd | Method for manufacturing a printed overlaying material |
EP2837737A1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-18 | Flooring Technologies Ltd. | Method for drying of aqueous coatings using near-infrared radiation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6121167A (en) | 2000-09-19 |
EP1023481A1 (en) | 2000-08-02 |
EP1023481A4 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
JP2001514340A (en) | 2001-09-11 |
AU9200498A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
CN1276841A (en) | 2000-12-13 |
DE1023481T1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
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