Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/8105—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • A61K8/8111—Homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic olefines, e.g. polyethylene, polyisobutene; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/18—Hydrocarbons
  • C11D3/182—Hydrocarbons branched
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/442—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof substituted by amido group(s)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
  • A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
  • A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/90—Betaines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones

Definitions

• the present invention relates to cleansing compositions.
• mild personal cleansing compositions which display improved rinse feel in combination with good skin feel attributes, and foaming properties which are suitable for simultaneously cleansing and conditioning the skin and/or the hair and which may be used, for example, in the form of foam bath preparations, shower products, skin cleansers, hand, face and body cleansers, shampoos, etc.
• Mild cosmetic compositions must satisfy a number of criteria including cleansing power, foaming properties and mildness/low irritancy/good feel with respect to the skin, hair and the ocular mucosae.
• Skin is made up of several layers of cells which coat and protect the underlying tissue. The keratin and collagen fibrous proteins form the skeleton of its structure. The outermost of these layers, referred to as the stratum corneum. Hair similarly has a protective outer coating enclosing the hair fibre which is called the cuticle.
• Anionic surfactants can penetrate the stratum corneum membrane and the cuticle and, by delipidization destroy membrane integrity and loss of barrier and water retention functions. This interference with skin and hair protective membranes can lead to a rough skin feel and eye irritation and may eventually permit the surfactant to trigger immune response creating irritation.
• Ideal cosmetic cleansers should cleanse the skin or hair gently, without disrupting structural lipids and/or drying the hair and skin and without irritating the ocular mucosae or leaving skin taut after frequent use. Most lathering soaps, shower and bath products, shampoos and bars fail in this respect. Certain synthetic surfactants are known to be mild. However, a major drawback of some mild synthetic surfactant systems when formulated for shampooing or personal cleansing is that they have what can be described as a "slippy" or "non-draggy" rinse feel which is not liked by some consumers. The use of certain surfactants such as potassium laurate, on the other hand, can yield acceptable rinse feel performance but at the expense of clinical skin mildness. These two facts make the selection of suitable surfactants in the rinse feel and mildness benefit formulation process a delicate balancing act.
• Certain polyalphaolefin oils are known for use in personal cleansing compositions for the skin and hair. References to the use of such oils in personal cleansing formulations are to be found in WO 97/09031 , US-A- 5441730, WO 94/27574, EP-A-0692244, WO 96/32092 and WO96/06596. Hydrophobically modified silicones oils are also known for use in personal cleansing compositions and are disclosed for example in JP 05-310540.
• the "draggy" rinse feel is considered to be associated with an increase in wet skin friction.
• An important mechanism for action of such oils is considered to be their ability to deposit and change the surface energy of the skin, i.e. making the skin surface more hydrophobic.
• the water film is considered to be the lubricant for the skin, and as surface hydrophobicity increases so the water film is destabilised and the surface de-wetted. As a result the water film is at first thinned and then displaced, allowing some direct contact between the surfaces. Both changes increase friction and produce "draggy rinsing".
• a rinse-off personal cleansing composition comprising water, surfactant and a water-insoluble oil wherein the water-insoluble oil provides a Mean Rinse Feel Value for the composition of 3.5 or less as measured by the Rinse Feel Panel Test.
• compositions of the present invention provide an improvement in rinse feel while at the same time being exceptionally mild to the skin.
• the liquid cleansing compositions herein comprise water, surfactant and a water-insoluble oil wherein the water-insoluble oil provides a Mean Rinse Feel Value for the composition of 3.5 or less as measured by the Rinse Feel Panel Test described hereinbelow.
• the water-insoluble oil provides a Mean Rinse Feel Value for the composition of 3.25 or less, more preferably of 3.0 or less.
• the water- insoluble oil used herein provides a Mean Rinse Feel Value for the composition in the range of from 3.5 to 1.0.
• the water-insoluble oil is directly attributable to providing a "draggy" rinse feel for the compositions herein and in particular for providing a Mean Rinse Feel Value for the compositions of 3.5 or less.
• an equivalent composition to the compositions of the present invention but without a water-insoluble oil as defined herein would have a Mean Rinse Feel Value of greater than 3.5.
• the term "rinse feel” means the feeling of the skin during the process of rinsing lather from the skin after cleansing with a cleansing composition.
• the type of rinse feel which is provided by the compositions of the present invention can be described by terms such as a “draggy” rinse feel, a “soap-like” rinse feel and a “non-slippery” or “non-slimy” rinse feel.
• a “draggy”, “soap-like”, “non-slippery” or “non-slimy” rinse feel can be detected by an increase in friction between the hand and skin during the process of rinsing lather from the skin.
• water-insoluble in relation to oils as used herein is a material which is substantially insoluble in distilled water at room temperature without the addition of other adjuncts and/or ingredients such as described herein.
• Suitable water-insoluble oils for use in the personal cleansing compositions of the present invention include (a) highly branched polyalphaolefins having the following formula:
• R 1 is H or -C20 alkyl
• R4 is C1-C20 alkyl
• R 2 is H or C1-C20
• R3 is C5-C20 >
• n is an integer from 0 to 3
• m is an integer of from 1 to 1000 and having a number average molecular weight of from about 1000 to about 25,000, preferably from about 2000 to about 6000, more preferably from about 2500 to about 4000.
• the polyalphaolefins of type (a) use herein have a viscosity of from about 300cst to about 50,000cst, preferably from about lOOOcst to about 12,000 cst, more preferably from about lOOOcst to about 4000cst at 40°C using the ASTM D-445 method for measuring viscosity.
• the oils of type (a) may also have a degree of unsaturation, but are preferably saturated.
• Suitable polyalphaolefins of type (a) as described above can be derived from 1-alkene monomers having from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, especially from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms.
• the polyalphaolefins useful herein are preferably hydrogenated polyalphaolefin polymers.
• Non-limiting examples of 1-alkene monomers for use in preparing the polyalphaolefin polymers herein include 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1- dodecene, 1 -tetradecene, branched chain isomers such as 4-methyl-l- pentene, and combinations thereof. Also suitable for preparing the polyolefin liquids are 1-hexene to 1 -hexadecenes and combinations thereof, more preferably 1-octene to 1-dodecene or combinations thereof.
• oils examples include polydecene oils such as those commercially available from Mobil Chemical Company, P.O. Box 3140, Edison, New Jersey 08818, USA, under the tradename Puresyn 40 and Puresyn 100.
• R 1 is H or C1-C4 alkyl
• R 4 is C1-C4 alkyl
• R 2 is H or C1-C4 alkyl or C2-C4 alkenyl
• R ⁇ is H or C1-C4 alkyl or C2-C4 alkenyl
• n is an integer from 0 to 3
• m is an integer of from 1 to 1000 and having a number average molecular weight of from about 600 to about 1000, preferably from about 750 to about 1000, especially from about 800 to about 1000.
• the branched alk(en)yl materials of type (b) have a viscosity in the range of from about 500cst to about 50,000cst, preferably from about lOOOcst to about 10,000cst measured at 40°C using the ASTM method D-445 for measuring viscosity.
• the oils of type (b) may be unsaturated or saturated.
• Suitable alk(en)yl materials of type (b) for use herein are polymers of butene, isoprene, terpene, styrene or isobutene, preferably butene or isobutene.
• alk(en)yl oils of type (b) include polybutene oils such as those commercially available from Amoco under the tradename Indopol 40 and Indopol 100, and polyisobutene oils such as Permethyl 104A from Presperse Inc. and Parapol 950 from Exxon Chemical Inc.
• hydrophobically modified silicones having the following formula:
• R is C1-C4 alkyl or phenyl
• R' is C1-C20 alkyl or phenyl
• z is 5 to 21
• x has a number average value in the range of from about 20 to 400
• y has a number average value in the range of from about 0 to about 10
• x + y lies in the range of 30 to 400.
• Preferred materials have values for x of from 40 to 200, preferably 60 to 100, values for y of from 0 to 5, preferably 0, and values for the sum of x and y of from 60 to 100.
• the alkylene chain z may be linear or branched.
• the silicone backbone of the hydrophobically modified silicone may contain a small degree of branching to yield a resin (eg. MDQ or MDT resins).
• oils examples include those hydrophobically modified silicones available from GE Silicones under the tradename SF1632 (C16-C18 alkyl methicone), and octyl and decyl methicone.
• the number average particle diameter for the water-insoluble oil used herein lies in the range of from about 1 to about 500 microns, preferably from about 5 to about 200 microns, more preferably from about 5 to 50 microns and especially from about 5 to 20 microns.
• compositions herein it is preferable for the compositions herein to provide not only a “draggy” rinse feel but also a “non-tacky” or “non-sticky” feeling on the skin on rinsing. Therefore it is preferable to use water-insoluble oils which can be described as “non-tacky”.
• the degree of tackiness for water-insoluble oils can be measured by the Tackiness Technical Test Method detailed below.
• the water-insoluble oil used herein has a Tackiness Index of 120% to Viscasil 5M (Dimethicone) or less as measured by the Tackiness Technical Test Method described herein below. More preferred are those with a Tackiness Index of 110% to Viscasil 5M (Dimethicone) or less. Especially preferred are those with a Tackiness Index of 100% to Viscasil 5M (Dimethicone) or less, especially from 1% to 100%.
• the Tackiness Technical Test Method described herein was developed using basic tack theory.
• the basic theory of tack is summarised in the Stefan equation which describes the viscous resistance of separation for two discs connected by a thin "squeeze film" of liquid. This is also used in other technology areas where tack assessment is critical, e.g. printing inks.
• Reference to basic tack theory can be found in the journal article by Phillips, J.C. and Chaing, A.C., "Low Speed Tack Measurements of Fluids and Inks", J. Applied Polymer Science, 1995, 58, 881-895.
• the instrument used is an Instron 4301 Tensile Tester, fitted with ION load cell and 10mm diameter smooth steel plate on the moving crosshead.
• the fixed lower plate is also smooth steel and has a compliant rubber spring (56N/mm) and levelling device attaching it to the instrument base.
• the same plates and spring assembly are used for a set of comparison measurements. The plates are brought close together and set parallel using the levelling device. The contact force is calculated for each oil to give a consistent film thickness from the equation:
• ⁇ is the oil viscosity in Pa.s
• F is the contact force in N.
• the machine is set to stop at a compressive force of F. Approximately three drops of oil are placed on the bottom plate, directly below the top plate. The plates are brought together, maintaining the required force for one minute. The tensile speed to lmm min and the maximum force is recorded as the tackiness observation. The plates are brought together again and a total of three observations are collected. As a check for outlier observations, the range/mean for the three observations should be less than 10%o. If it is not, a further three observations are collected. Three reference oils are included in each set of comparisons, and these are Indopol HI 00, Viscasil 5M (Dimethicone) and SF1000.
• the three oils cover a range of tackiness and their data are used to determine the relative tackiness of the other oils and to assess method reproducibility.
• the ratio of maximum force for an oil is expressed as a percentage of the value for Viscasil 5M (Dimethicone), and this is the Tackiness Index.
• polyalphaolefin materials of type (a) described above having the following formula:
• R 1 is H or C1-C20 alkyl
• R 4 is -C20 alkyl
• R2 is H or C 1-C20
• R3 is C1-C20 preferably from C5-C20
• n is an integer from 0 to 3
• m is an integer of from 1 to 1000 and having a number average molecular weight of from about 2500 to about 4000 and a viscosity of from about lOOOcst to about 2000cst at 40°C using the ASTM D-445 method for measuring viscosity, such as that available from Mobil under the tradename Puresyn 100.
• compositions herein preferably comprise from about 0.1%) to about 20%), more preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, especially from about 1%) to about 5%> by weight of water-insoluble oil.
• compositions of the present invention comprise a surfactant system of water-soluble surfactants.
• Water-soluble as defined herein, means a surfactant having a molecular weight of less than about 20,000 wherein the surfactant is capable of forming a clear isotropic solution when dissolved in water at 0.2 %> w/w under ambient conditions.
• Surfactants suitable for inclusion in compositions according to the present invention generally have a lipophilic chain length of from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms and can be selected from anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof.
• the total level of surfactant is preferably from about 2% to about 40%, more preferably from about 3% to about 20% by weight, and especially from about 5% to about 15%> by weight.
• the compositions preferably comprise a mixture of anionic with zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactants.
• the weight ratio of anionic surfactant: zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactant is in the range from about 1 :10 to about 10:1, preferably from about 1 :5 to about 5:1, more preferably from about 1 :3 to about 3: 1.
• Other suitable compositions within the scope of the invention comprise mixtures of anionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactants with one or more nonionic surfactants.
• compositions of the invention can comprise a water-soluble anionic surfactant at levels from about 0.1%) to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 15%, and especially from about 1%> to about 10% by weight.
• Water soluble anionic surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the invention include alkyl sulfates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, alkyl ethoxy glyceryl ether sulfonates, acyl methyl taurates, fatty acyl glycinates, N-acyl glutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ethoxysulfosuccinates, alpha-sulfonated fatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, acyl sarcosinates and fatty acid/protein condensates, soaps such as ammonium, magnesium, potassium, triethanolamine and sodium salts of lauric acid, myr
• Additional water-soluble anionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions according to the present invention are the salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of 1 mole of a higher fatty alcohol and from about 1 to about 12 moles of ethylene oxide, with sodium, ammonium and magnesium being the preferred counterions.
• Particularly preferred are the alkyl ethoxy sulfates containing from about 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4 moles of ethylene oxide, such as sodium laureth-2 sulfate, sodium laureth-3 sulfate, ammonium laureth-3 sulfate and magnesium sodium laureth-3.6 sulfate.
• the anionic surfactant contains at least about 50% especially at least about 75% by weight of ethoxylated alkyl sulfate.
• ethoxylated alkyl sulfates obtained from narrow range ethoxylates are also suitable water-soluble anionic surfactants for use in the present compositions.
• Narrow range ethoxylated alkyl sulfates suitable for use herein are selected from sulfated alkyl ethoxylates containing on average from about 1 to about 6, preferably from about 2 to about 4 and especially about 3 moles of ethylene oxide such as NRE sodium laureth-3 sulfate.
• NRE materials suitable for use herein contain distributions of the desired ethylene oxide (EO n ) in the ranges of from 15%) to about 30% by weight of EO n , from about 10% to about 20% by weight of EO n + ⁇ and from about 10% to about 20% by weight of EO n _ 1.
• Highly preferred NRE materials contain less than about 9% by weight of ethoxylated alkyl sulfate having 7 or more moles of ethylene oxide and less than about 13%> by weight of non-ethoxylated alkyl sulfate.
• Suitable laureth 3 sulfate NRE materials are available from Hoechst under the trade names GENAPOL ZRO Narrow Range and GENAPOL Narrow Range.
• compositions of the present invention may contain, as a water-soluble anionic surfactant alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant at a level of from about 0.5%) to about 15%>, preferably from about 1%> to about 10%, more preferably from about 1%> to about 6% and especially from about 1% to about 4% by weight.
• alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant is particularly valuable in the compositions according to the present invention for the delivery of excellent skin mildness attributes in combination with excellent rinsing performance and desirable lather characteristics.
• Alkyl ethoxy carboxylates suitable for use herein have the general formula (I):
• R 3 is a C 1 o to C ⁇ 6 alkyl or alkenyl group, preferably a C i ⁇ _C ⁇ 5 , more preferably a C12-C14 alkyl or C12-C13 alkyl group
• k is an average value of ethoxylation ranging from 2 to about 7, preferably from about 3 to about 6, more preferably from about 3.5 to about 5.5, especially from about 4 to about 5
• M is a water-solubilizing cation, preferably an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, lower alkanol ammonium, and mono-, di-, and tri-ethanol ammonium, more preferably sodium, potassium and ammonium, most preferably sodium and ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium and calcium ions.
• alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactants having a selected distribution of alkyl chain length and/or ethoxylate.
• the alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactants suitable for use in the compositions according to the present invention may comprise a distribution of alkyl ethoxy carboxylates having different average values of R 3 and/or k.
• the average value of k will generally fall in the range of from about 3 to about 6 when the average R 3 is C ⁇ ⁇ , C ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 or C14.
• Preferred water- soluble anionic alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactants suitable for use herein are the C12 to C14 (average EO 3-6) ethoxy carboxylates and the C12 to C13 (average EO 3-6) ethoxy carboxylates.
• Suitable materials include salts of NEODOX 23-4 (RTM) available from Shell Inc. (Houston, Texas, USA) and EMPICOL (RTM) CBCS (Albright & Wilson).
• alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactants wherein, when R 3 is a C12-C14 or C12-C13 alkyl group and the average value of k is in the range of from about 3 to about 6, more preferably from about 3.5 to about 5.5, especially from about 4 to about 5.
• compositions are substantially soap-free, i.e. thay contain less than about 5% by weight, preferably less than about 1%) by weight, especially 0%> by weight of soap.
• compositions according to the present invention may additionally comprise water-soluble nonionic surfactant at levels from about 0.1% to about 20%), more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and especially from about 1% to about 8%> by weight.
• surfactants of this class include sucrose polyester surfactants, C10-C18 alkyl polyglycosides and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants having the general formula (III).
• the preferred N-alkyl, N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy, polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants according to formula (III) are those in which R ⁇ is C5- C31 hydrocarbyl, preferably C5-C19 hydrocarbyl, including straight-chain and branched chain alkyl and alkenyl, or mixtures thereof and R9 is typically, hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, preferably methyl, or a group of formula -Rl-O-R 2 wherein Rl is C2-C hydrocarbyl including straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic (including aryl), and is preferably C2-C4 alkylene, R 2 is C1 -C8 straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic hydrocarbyl including aryl and oxyhydrocarbyl, and is preferably C1 -C4 alkyl, especially methyl, or phenyl.
• ⁇ 2 is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 2 (in the case of glyceraldehyde) or at least 3 hydroxyls (in the case of other reducing sugars) directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
• Z2 preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive ammination reaction, most preferably Z2 is a glycityl moiety.
• Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, as well as glyceraldehyde.
• Z2 preferably will be selected from the group consisting of CH2-(CHOH) n -CH2 ⁇ H, CH(CH2 ⁇ H)-(CHOH) n _ 1 -CH2OH, CH2(CHOH)2(CHOR')CHOH-
• n is an integer from 1 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic mono- or poly-saccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof.
• R' is H or a cyclic mono- or poly-saccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof.
• glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly CH2- (CHOH)4-CH2 ⁇ H.
• the most preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amide has the formula Rg(CO)N(CH3)CH2(CHOH)4CH2 ⁇ H wherein Rg is a C6-C19 straight chain alkyl or alkenyl group.
• Rg-CO- N ⁇ can be, for example, cocoamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, caprylicamide, tallowamide, etc.
• non-ionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions according to the present invention include primary amines such as cocamine (available as Adagen 160D (TM) from Witco) and alkanolamides such as cocamide MEA (available as Empilan CME (TM) from Albright and Wilson), PEG-3 cocamide, cocamide DEA (available as Empilan CDE (TM) from Albright and Wilson), lauramide MEA (available as Empilan LME (TM) from Albright and Wilson), lauramide MIPA, lauramide DEA, and mixtures thereof.
• cocamine available as Adagen 160D (TM) from Witco
• alkanolamides such as cocamide MEA (available as Empilan CME (TM) from Albright and Wilson), PEG-3 cocamide, cocamide DEA (available as Empilan CDE (TM) from Albright and Wilson), lauramide MEA (available as Empilan LME (TM) from Albright and Wilson), lauramide MIPA, laur
• Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include (a) ammonium derivatives of formula [V]: R ⁇ , CON(CH 2 ) 2 N CH 2 CO 2 M R 3 R 2
• R ⁇ is C5-C22 alkyl or alkenyl
• R2 is CH2CH2OH or CH2CO2M
• M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium and R3 is CH2CH2OH or H;
• n, m, p, and q are numbers from 1 to 4, and R1 and M are independently selected from the groups specified above;
• Suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (a) include compounds of formula (V) in which R ⁇ is C11H23. Suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (a) are marketed under the trade name Miranol and Empigen.
• materials suitable for use in the present invention include cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamphocarboxy propionic acid, cocoamphoacetate, cocoamphodiacetate (otherwise referred to as cocoamphocarboxyglycinate), sodium lauroamphoacetate (otherwise referred to as sodium lauroamphocarboxyglycinate).
• Specific commercial products include those sold under the trade names of Ampholak 7TX (sodium carboxy methyl tallow polypropyl amine), Empigen CDL60 and CDR 60 (Albright & Wilson), Miranol H2M Cone. Miranol C2M Cone. N.P., Miranol C2M Cone.
• Miranol C2M SF Miranol CM Special.
• Miranol Ultra L32 and C32 (Rh ⁇ ne-Poulenc); Alkateric 2CIB (Alkaril Chemicals); .
• Amphoterge W-2 (Lonza, Inc.); Monateric CDX-38, Monateric CSH-32 (Mona Industries); Rewoteric AM-2C (Rewo Chemical Group); and Schercotic MS-2 (Scher Chemicals).
• amphoteric surfactants of this type are manufactured and sold in the form of electroneutral complexes with, for example, hydroxide counterions or with anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactants, especially those of the sulfated Cg- C ⁇ % alcohol, C8-Ci8 ethoxylated alcohol or C8-C18 acyl glyceride types.
• anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactants especially those of the sulfated Cg- C ⁇ % alcohol, C8-Ci8 ethoxylated alcohol or C8-C18 acyl glyceride types.
• compositions which are essentially free of (non-ethoxylated) sulfated alcohol surfactants are based herein on the uncomplexed forms of the surfactants, any anionic surfactant counterions being considered as part of the overall anionic surfactant component content.
• amphoteric surfactants of type (b) include N-alkyl polytrimethylene poly-, carboxymethylamines sold under the trade names Ampholak X07 and Ampholak 7CX by Berol Nobel and also salts, especially the triethanolammonium salts and salts of N-lauryl-beta-amino propionic acid and N-lauryl-imino-dipropionic acid.
• Such materials are sold under the trade name Deriphat by Henkel and Mirataine by Rh ⁇ ne- Poulenc.
• compositions herein can also contain from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and especially from about 1 % to about 8% by weight of a zwitterionic surfactant.
• Water-soluble betaine surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the present invention include alkyl betaines of the formula R5R6R7N+ (CH2) n CO2M and amido betaines of the formula (IX) R 6
• R5 is C5-C22 alkyl or alkenyl
• R6 and R7 are independently C ⁇ - C3 alkyl
• M is H
• n, m are each numbers from 1 to 4.
• Preferred betaines include cocoamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, commercially available from TH Goldschmidt under the tradename Tego betaine, and laurylamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, commercially available from Albright and Wilson under the tradename Empigen BR and from TH Goldschmidt under the tradename Tegobetaine L10S.
• Water-soluble sultaine surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the present invention include alkylamido sultaines of the formula;
• R ⁇ is C7 to C22 alkyl or alkenyl
• R2 and R3 are independently C1 to C3 alkyl
• M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium
• m and n are numbers from 1 to 4.
• Suitable for use herein is coco amido propylhydroxy sultaine which is commercially available under the tradename Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc.
• Water-soluble amine oxide surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the present invention include alkyl amine oxide R5R6R7NO and amido amine oxides of the formula R f
• R5 is C 1 ⁇ to C22 alkyl or alkenyl
• R ⁇ and R7 are independently C ⁇ to C3 alkyl
• M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium
• m is a number from 1 to 4.
• Preferred amine oxides include cocoamidopropylamine oxide, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide and myristyl dimethyl amine oxide.
• compositions according to the present invention can optionally include a polymeric cationic conditioning agent.
• Polymeric cationic conditioning agents are valuable in the compositions according to the present invention for provision of desirable skin feel attributes.
• the polymeric skin conditioning agent is preferably present at a level from about 0.01%) to about 5%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 3% and especially from about 0.01%> to about 2% by weight.
• Suitable polymers are high molecular weight materials (mass-average molecular weight determined, for instance, by light scattering, being generally from about 2,000 to about 5,000,000, preferably from about 5,000 to about 3,000,000 more preferably from 100,000 to about 1,000,000).
• polymers include cationic guar gums, cationic polysaccharides; cationic homopolymers and copolymers derived from acrylic and/or methacrylic acid; cationic cellulose resins, quaternized hydroxy ethyl cellulose ethers; cationic copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide and/or acrylic acid; cationic homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; copolymers of dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate and acrylamide, acrylic acidVdimethyldiallylammonium chloride/acrylamide copolymers, quatemised vinyl pyrrolidone acrylate or methacrylate copolymers of amino alcohol, quatemized copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide, vinyl pyrollidone/vinyl imidazolium methochloride copolymers and polyalkylene and ethoxy
• cationic polymers suitable for use herein include cationic guar gums such as hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium guar gum (d.s. of from 0.11 to 0.22) available commercially under the trade names Jaguar C-14-S(RTM) and Jaguar C-17(RTM) and also Jaguar C-16(RTM), which contains hydroxypropyl substituents (d.s. of from 0.8- 1.1) in addition to the above-specified cationic groups, and quatemized hydroxy ethyl cellulose ethers available commercially under the trade names Ucare Polymer JR-30M, JR-400, LR400, Catanal (RTM) and Celquat.
• cationic guar gums such as hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium guar gum (d.s. of from 0.11 to 0.22) available commercially under the trade names Jaguar C-14-S(RTM) and Jaguar C-17(RTM) and also Jaguar C-16(RTM), which contains hydroxypropyl substituents (
• Suitable cationic polymers are homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride available commercially under the trade name Merquat 100, copolymers of dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate and acrylamide, copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide, available commercially under the trade names Merquat 550 and Merquat S, acrylic acid/dimethyldiallylammonium chloride/acrylamide copolymers available under the trade name Merquat 3330, and Merquat 3331 terpolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and methyl acrylate commercially available under the tradename Merquat 2001, quatemized vinyl pyrrolidone acrylate or methacrylate copolymers of amino alcohol available commercially under the trade name Gafquat, for example Polyquatemium 11, 23 and 28 (quatemized copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate - Ga
• compositions of the invention may also contain from about 0.1 %> to about 20%), preferably from about 1%> to about 15%, and more preferably from about 2% to about 10%> by weight of an oil derived nonionic surfactant or mixture of oil derived nonionic surfactants.
• Oil derived nonionic surfactants are valuable in compositions according to the invention for the provision of skin feel benefits both in use and after use.
• Suitable oil derived nonionic surfactants for use herein include water soluble vegetable and animal-derived emollients such as triglycerides with a polyethyleneglycol chain inserted; ethoxylated mono and di-glycerides, polyethoxylated lanolins and ethoxylated butter derivatives.
• water soluble vegetable and animal-derived emollients such as triglycerides with a polyethyleneglycol chain inserted
• ethoxylated mono and di-glycerides ethoxylated mono and di-glycerides
• polyethoxylated lanolins polyethoxylated lanolins
• ethoxylated butter derivatives ethoxylated butter derivatives.
• One preferred class of oil-derived nonionic surfactants for use herein have the general formula (XII)
• n is from about 5 to about 200, preferably from about 20 to about 100, more preferably from about 30 to about 85, and wherein R comprises an aliphatic radical having on average from about 5 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 7 to 18 carbon atoms.
• Suitable ethoxylated oils and fats of this class include polyethyleneglycol derivatives of glyceryl cocoate, glyceryl caproate, glyceryl caprylate, glyceryl tallowate, glyceryl palmate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl oleate, glyceryl ricinoleate, and glyceryl fatty esters derived from triglycerides, such as palm oil, almond oil, and com oil, preferably glyceryl tallowate and glyceryl cocoate.
• Suitable oil derived nonionic surfactants of this class are available from Croda Inc. (New York, USA) under their Crovol line of materials such as Crovol EP40 (PEG 20 evening primrose glyceride), Crovol EP 70 (PEG 60 evening primrose glyceride) Crovol A-40 (PEG 20 almond glyceride), Crovol A-70 (PEG 60 almond glyceride), Crovol M-40 (PEG 20 maize glyceride), Crovol M-70 (PEG 60 maize glyceride), Crovol PK-40 (PEG 12 palm kernel glyceride), and Crovol PK-70 (PEG 45 palm kernel glyceride) and under their Solan range of materials such as Solan E, E50 and X polyethoxylated lanolins and Aqualose L-20 (PEG 24 lanolin alcohol) and Aqualose W15 (PEG 15 lanolin alcohol) available from Westbrook Lanolin.
• Crovol EP40 PEG 20 evening primrose glyceride
• nonionic surfactants derived from composite vegetable fats extracted from the fruit of the Shea Tree (Butyrospermum Karkii Kotschy) and derivatives thereof.
• This vegetable fat known as Shea Butter is widely used in Central Africa for a variety of means such as soap making and as a barrier cream, it is marketed by Sederma (78610 Le Perray En Yvelines, France).
• Particularly suitable are ethoxylated derivatives of Shea butter available from Karlshamn Chemical Co. (Columbos, Ohio, USA) under their Lipex range of chemicals, such as Lipex 102 E-75 and Lipex 102 E-3 (ethoxylated mono, di-glycerides of Shea butter) and from Croda Inc.
• Crovol SB-70 ethoxylated mono, di-glycerides of Shea butter
• ethoxylated derivatives of Mango, Cocoa and Illipe butter may be used in compositions according to the invention. Although these are classified as ethoxylated nonionic surfactants it is understood that a certain proportion may remain as non-ethoxylated vegetable oil or fat.
• suitable oil-derived nonionic surfactants include ethoxylated derivatives of almond oil, peanut oil, rice bran oil, wheat germ oil, linseed oil, jojoba oil, oil of apricot pits, walnuts, palm nuts, pistachio nuts, sesame seeds, rapeseed, cade oil, com oil, peach pit oil, poppyseed oil, pine oil, castor oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, hazelnut oil, olive oil, grapeseed oil, and sunflower seed oil.
• Oil derived nonionic surfactants highly preferred for use herein from the viewpoint of optimum mildness and skin feel characteristics are Lipex 102-3 (RTM) (PEG-3 ethoxylated derivatives of Shea Butter) and Softigen 767 (RTM) (PEG-6 caprylic/capric glycerides).
• compositions according to the present invention can also comprise lipophilic emulsifiers as skin care actives.
• Suitable lipophilic skin care actives include anionic food grade emulsifiers which comprise a di-acid mixed with a monoglyceride such as succinylated monoglycerides, monostearyl citrate, glyceryl monostearate diacetyl tartrate and mixtures thereof.
• compositions herein can additionally comprise a wide variety of optional ingredients.
• optional ingredients are described below.
• Another water-insoluble, skin hair care ingredient suitable for use in the foaming compositions herein is a liquid, polyol carboxylic acid ester.
• the polyol ester preferred for use herein is a nonocclusive liquid or liquifiable polyol carboxylic acid ester.
• These polyol esters are derived from a polyol radical or moiety and one or more carboxylic acid radicals or moieties. In other words, these esters contain a moiety derived from a polyol and one or more moieties derived from a carboxylic acid.
• These carboxylic acid esters can also be derived from a carboxylic acid.
• These carboxylic acid esters can also be described as liquid polyol fatty acid esters, because the terms carboxylic acid and fatty acid are often used interchangeably by those skilled in the art.
• the preferred liquid polyol polyesters employed in this invention comprise certain polyols, especially sugars or sugar alcohols, esterified with at least four fatty acid groups. Accordingly, the polyol starting material must have at least four esterifiable hydroxyl groups.
• preferred polyols are sugars, including monosaccharaides and disaccharides, and sugar alcohols. Examples of monosaccharides containing four hydroxyl groups are xylose and arabinose and the sugar alcohol derived from xylose, which has five hydroxyl groups, i.e., xylitol.
• the monosaccharide, erythrose is not suitable in the practice of this invention since it only contains three hydroxyl groups, but the sugar alcohol derived from erythrose, i.e., erythritol, contains four hydroxyl groups and accordingly can be used. Suitable five hydroxyl group-containing monosaccharides are galactose, fructose, and sorbose. Sugar alcohols containing six -OH groups derived from the hydrolysis products of sucrose, as well as glucose and sorbose, e.g., sorbitol, are also suitable. Examples of disaccharide polyols which can be used include maltose, lactose, and sucrose, all of which contain eight hydroxyl groups.
• Preferred polyols for preparing the polyesters for use in the present invention are selected from the group consisting of erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, glucose, and sucrose. Sucrose is especially preferred.
• the polyol starting material having at least four hydroxyl groups is esterified on at least four of the -OH groups with a fatty acid containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• fatty acids include caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, ricinoleic, linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic, arachidic, arachidonic, behenic, and e cic acid.
• the fatty acids can be derived from naturally occurring or synthetic fatty acids; they can be saturated or unsaturated, including positional and geometrical isomers. However, in order to provide liquid polyesters preferred for use herein, at least about 50%) by weight of the fatty acid incorporated into the polyester molecule should be unsaturated. Oleic and linoleic acids, and mixtures thereof, are especially preferred.
• the polyol fatty acid polyesters useful in this invention should contain at least four fatty acid ester groups. It is not necessary that all of the hydroxyl groups of the polyol be esterified with fatty acid, but it is preferable that the polyester contain no more than two unesterified hydroxyl groups. Most preferably, substantially all of the hydroxyl groups of the polyol are esterified with fatty acid, i.e., the polyol moiety is substantially completely esterified.
• the fatty acids esterified to the polyol molecule can be the same or mixed, but as noted above, a substantial amount of the unsaturated acid ester groups must be present to provide liquidity.
• sucrose fatty triester would not be suitable for use herein because it does not contain the required four fatty acid ester groups.
• a sucrose tetra-fatty acid ester would be suitable, but is not preferred because it has more than two unesterified hydroxyl groups.
• a sucrose hexa-fatty acid ester would be preferred because it has no more than two unesterified hydroxyl groups.
• Highly preferred compounds in which all the hydroxyl groups are esterified with fatty acids include the liquid sucrose octa- substituted fatty acid esters.
• glucose tetraoleate the glucose tetraesters of soybean oil fatty acids (unsaturated), the mannose tetraesters of mixed soybean oil fatty acids, the galactose tetraesters of oleic acid, the arabinose tetraesters of linoleic acid, xylose tetralinoleate, galactose pentaoleate, sorbitol tetraoleate, the sorbitol hexaesters of unsaturated soybean oil fatty acids, xylitol pentaoleate, sucrose tetraoleate, sucrose pentaoletate, sucrose hexaoleate, sucrose hepatoleate, sucrose octaoleate, and mixtures thereof.
• highly preferred polyol fatty acid esters are those wherein the fatty acids contain from about 14 to about 18 carbon atoms.
• the preferred liquid polyol polyesters preferred for use herein have complete melting points below about 30°C, preferably below about 27.5°C, more preferably below about 25°C. Complete melting points reported herein are measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
• the polyol fatty acid polyesters suitable for use herein can be prepared by a variety of methods well known to those skilled in the art. These methods include: transesterification of the polyol with methyl, ethyl or glycerol fatty acid esters using a variety of catalysts; acylation of the polyol with a fatty acid chloride; acylation of the polyol with a fatty acid anhydride; and acylation of the polyol with a fatty acid, per se. See U.S. Patent No. 2,831,854; U.S. Patent No. 4,005,196, to Jandacek, issued January 25, 1977; U.S. Patent No. 4,005,196, to Jandacek, issued January 25, 1977.
• compositions can also comprise an auxiliary nonionic or anionic polymeric thickening component, especially a water-soluble polymeric materials, having a molecular weight greater than about 20,000.
• auxiliary nonionic or anionic polymeric thickening component especially a water-soluble polymeric materials, having a molecular weight greater than about 20,000.
• water-soluble polymer is meant that the material will form a substantially clear solution in water at a 1%> concentration at 25°C and the material will increase the viscosity of the water.
• water- soluble polymers which may desirably be used as an additional thickening component in the present compositions, are hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol (examples include PVA 217 from Kurary Chemical Co., Japan), polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-120, dextrans, for example Dextran purified crude Grade 2P, available from D&O Chemicals, carboxymethyl cellulose, plant exudates such as acacia, ghatti, and tragacanth, seaweed extracts such as sodium alginate, propylene glycol alginate and sodium carrageenan.
• Preferred as the additional thickeners for the present compositions are natural polysaccharide materials.
• examples of such materials are guar gum, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum.
• hydroxyethyl cellulose having a molecular weight of about 700,000.
• compositions according to the present invention may contain as an optional feature a hydrotrope.
• hydrotropes Suitable for use herein as hydrotropes are those well known in the art, including sodium xylene sulphonate, ammonium xylene sulphonate, sodium cumene sulphonate, short chain alkyl sulphate and mixtures thereof.
• Hydrotrope may be present in the compositions according to the invention at a level of from about 0.01% to about 5%>, preferably from about 0.1% to about 4%, more preferably from about 0.5%) to about 3% by weight.
• Hydrotrope as defined herein, means, a material which, when added to a non-dilute, water-soluble surfactant system can modify its viscosity and rheological profile.
• compositions of the invention may also include an insoluble perfume or cosmetic oil or wax or a mixture thereof at a level up to about 10%, preferably up to about 3%> by weight wherein the oil or wax is insoluble in the sense of being insoluble in the product matrix at a temperature of 25°C.
• Suitable insoluble cosmetic oils and waxes for use herein can be selected from water-insoluble silicones inclusive of non-volatile polyalkyl and polyaryl siloxane gums and fluids, volatile cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes, polyalkoxylated silicones, amino and quaternary ammonium modified silicones, rigid cross-linked and reinforced silicones and mixtures thereof, C1-C24 esters of C8-C30 fatty acids such as isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate and cetyl ricinoleate, Cg-C30 esters of benzoic acid, beeswax, saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols such as behenyl alcohol, hydrocarbons such as mineral oils, petrolatum, squalane and squalene, fatty sorbitan esters (see US-A-3988255, Seiden, issued October 26th 1976), lanolin and oil-like lanolin derivatives, animal and vegetable trigly
• the viscosity of the final composition is preferably at least about 500 cps, more preferably from about 1,000 to about 50,000 cps, especially from about 1,000 to about 30,000 cps, more especially from about 1,000 to about 15,000 cps.
• the cleansing compositions can optionally include other hair or skin moisturizers which are soluble in the cleansing composition matrix.
• the preferred level of such moisturizers is from about 0.5%) to about 20% by weight.
• the moisturizer is selected from essential amino acid compounds found naturally occurring in the stratum corneum of the skin and water-soluble nonpolyol nonocclusives and mixtures thereof.
• nonocclusive moisturizers are squalane, sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, D-panthenol, lactic acid, L-proline, guanidine, pyrrolidone, hydrolyzed protein and other collagen-derived proteins, aloe vera gel, acetamide MEA and lactamide MEA and mixtures thereof.
• compositions herein may also include one or more suspending agents.
• Suitable suspending agents for use herein include any of several long chain acyl derivative materials or mixtures of such materials. Included are ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. Preferred are the ethylene glycol stearates, both mono and distearate, but particularly the distearate containing less than about 7% of the mono stearate.
• Other suspending agents found useful are alkanol amides of fatty acids, having from about 16 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to 18 carbon atoms. Preferred alkanol amides are stearic monoethanolamide, stearic diethanolamide, stearic monoisopropanolamide and stearic monoethanolamide stearate.
• suspending agents are alkyl (C ⁇ 6-C22) dimethyl amine oxides such as stearyl dimethyl amino oxide and trihydroxystearin commercially available under the tradename Thixcin (RTM) from Rheox.
• RTM Thixcin
• the suspending agent is preferably present at a level of from about 0.5% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 3%.
• the suspending agents serves to assist in suspending the water-insoluble oil and may give pearlescence to the product. Mixtures of suspending agents are also suitable for use in the compositions of this invention.
• compositions according to the present invention may also include an opacifier or pearlescing agent. Such materials may be included at a level of from about 0.01%) to about 5%, preferably from about 0.2%> to about 1.3% by weight.
• Opacifiers/pearlescers suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the present invention include: titanium dioxide, Ti ⁇ 2; EUPERLAN 810 (RTM); TEGO-PEARL (RTM); long chain (C ⁇ - C22) acyl derivatives such as glycol or polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acid having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms and up to 7 ethyleneoxy units; alkanolamides of fatty acids, having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably about 16 to 18 carbon atoms such as stearic monoethanolamide, stearic diethanolamide, stearic monoisopropanolamide and stearic monoethanolamide and alkyl (C ⁇ - C22) dimethyl amine oxides such as stearyl
• the opacifier/pearlescer is present in the form of crystals.
• the opacifier/pearlescer is a paniculate polystyrene dispersion having a particle size of from about 0.05 microns to about 0.45 microns, preferably from about 0.17 microns to about 0.3 microns, such dispersions being preferred from the viewpoint of providing optimum rheology and shear-thinning behaviour.
• Highly preferred is styrene acrylate copolymer and OPACFIER 680 (RTM) commercially available from Morton International.
• a number of additional optional materials can be added to the cleansing compositions each at a level of from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight.
• Such materials include proteins and polypeptides and derivatives thereof; water-soluble or solubilizable preservatives such as DMDM Hydantoin, Germall 1 15, methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl esters of hydroxybenzoic acid.
• EDTA Euxyl (RTM) K400, natural preservatives such as benzyl alcohol, potassium sorbate and bisabalol; sodium benzoate and 2- phenoxyethanol; other moisturizing agents such as hyaluronic acid, chitin .
• starch-grafted sodium polyacrylates such as Sanwet (RTM) IM- 1000, IM-1500 and IM-2500 available from Celanese Superabsorbent Materials, Portsmith, VA, USA and described in US-A-4,076,663; solvents ; suitable anti-bacterial agents such as Oxeco (phenoxy isopropanol), Trichlorocarbanilide (TCC) and Triclosan and; low temperature phase modifiers such as ammonium ion sources (e.g.
• viscosity control agents such as magnesium sulfate and other electrolytes; colouring agents; TiO ⁇ and Ti ⁇ 2-coated mica; perfumes and perfume solubilizers; and zeolites such as Valfour BV400 and derivatives thereof and Ca2+/Mg2 + sequestrants such as polycarboxylates, amino polycarboxylates, polyphosphonates, amino polyphosphonates, EDTA etc, water softening agents such as sodium citrate and insoluble particulates such as zinc stearate and fumed silica. Water is also present at a level preferably of from about 20% to about 99.89%, preferably from about 40% to about 90%, more preferably at least about 75% by weight of the compositions herein.
• the pH of the compositions is preferably from about 3 to about 10, more preferably from about 5 to about 9, especially from about 5 to about 8 and most preferably from about 5 to 7.
• compositions of the present invention can be used for a variety of skin and hair care applications such as shower gels, body washes, hair shampoos, and the like.
• compositions of the present invention may be applied with the hand or preferably with a personal cleansing implement such as a puff.
• Suitable personal cleansing implements for use with the compositions of the present invention include those disclosed in the following patent documents which are incorporated herein by reference: US-A-5, 144,744 to Campagnoli, issued September 8,1992, US-A-3,343,196 to Bamhouse.
• WO95/26671 to The Procter & Gamble Company WO95/001 16 to The Procter & Gamble Company and WO95/26670 to The Procter & Gamble Company.
• compositions according to the present invention are illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
• the water-insoluble oil in each of the Examples I-XV above can be Indopol 40 and Indopol 100 supplied by Amoco Chemicals, Puresyn 100 supplied by Mobil Chemical Co., Permethyl 104A supplied by Presperse, SF1632, octyl methicone or decyl methicone supplied by GE Silicones 7. Supplied by GE Silicones
• Compositions can be prepared by firstly making a premix of surfactants and a suspending agent. This premix should contain no more than 15%>, by weight of total composition, of surfactant. This is done by combining the surfactants (except sarcosinate), a portion of the water, powder preservatives and the pH adjuster with mild agitation. This mixture is then heated to up to about 90°C during which time, fatty alcohol/fatty acid, the suspending agent and sodium chloride are added with agitation.
• the mixture is held at high temperatures for five minutes to one hour before being cooled at a controlled rate to between 30°C to 40°C via a heat exchanger causing the suspending agent to crystallize out.
• the products provide excellent rinse feel and mildness benefits together with excellent rheological attributes in storage, in dispensing and in-use, in combination with good efficacy benefits including skin conditioning, skin moisturising, good product stability, cleansing and lathering.
• the test involves an expert panel of 8 people who have been specially trained and qualified in carrying out the Rinse Feel Panel Test.
• the instruments needed for this test are as follows: Timer, 2ml syringes, Thermometer, Ballot Sheet (2 per panellist), two 20L plastic containers with taps, a sink with two draining board areas and access to a water hardness system for varying hardness', water having a flow rate of 1600- 1800ml/30 seconds. (Water temperature and hardness should be controlled and recorded).
• Each panellist is trained to recognise three different wet skin feels - grades 0, 4 and 8 described below.
• Ivory (RTM) bar soap is used for grade 0.
• the water hardness is 16gpg, and the water temperature is 36+1 °C.
• the inner forearm and both hands are wet for 5 seconds.
• the soap bar is lathered in one hand for 6 seconds by using fingers to rotate the bar in palm of hand using one full bar rotation per count.
• the lather is left on the forearm for 30 seconds and the product is rinsed from the hands.
• the forearm is rinsed under nning water for 30 seconds with the flow of water starting at the elbow. After 30 seconds the arm is stroked once from elbow to wrist using light pressure ensuring that this completed below where the water flow starts.
• the rinse feel experienced represents grade 0.
• Grade 4 (Slightly slippery and slightly draggy)
• Zest White Water Fresh (RTM) soap syndet bar (commercially available in the US) is used for grade 4.
• the water hardness is l ⁇ gpg, and the water temperature is 36+l°C.
• the inner forearm and both hands are wet for 5 seconds.
• the soap bar is lathered in the hands for 6 seconds using one full bar rotation per count.
• the lather is left on the forearm for 30 seconds and the product is rinsed from the hands.
• the forearm is rinsed under running water for 10 seconds with the flow of water starting at the elbow. After 10 seconds the arm is stroked once from elbow to wrist using light pressure ensuring that this completed below where the water flow starts.
• the rinse feel experienced represents grade 4.
• Oil of Olay (RTM) Moisturising Body Wash (commercially available in the US) is used for grade 8.
• the water hardness is 3gpg, and the water temperature is 36+1 °C.
• the inner forearm and both hands are wet for 5 seconds.
• 1.7ml of product is applied into wet hands.
• the product is lathered in the hands by rubbing palms together in a circular motion for 6 rotations in 6 seconds using one full rotation per count.
• the lather is left on the forearm for 30 seconds and the product is rinsed from the hands.
• the forearm is rinsed under running water and immediately the arm is stroked once from elbow to wrist using light pressure ensuring that this completed below where the water flow starts.
• the rinse feel experienced represents grade 8.
• the panellists In order to qualify for the rinse feel panel test the panellists must carry out the following qualification test successfully.
• the inner forearm and both hands are wet for 5 seconds. 1.7ml of each product to be graded is applied to wet hands and lathered by rubbing palms together in a circular motion for 6 rotations in 6 seconds (one full rotation per count).
• the lather is left on the forearm for 30 seconds.
• the product is rinsed from the hands.
• the forearm is rinsed under running water for 15 seconds with the flow of water starting at the elbow. During this time the wet skin feel will be evaluated at the following time points: 3 seconds, 9 seconds and 15 seconds. This is to be done by stroking the inner forearm from elbow to wrist three times using light pressure and starting below where the water flow starts. Rinsing is stopped after 15 seconds and each wet skin feel evaluation is marked
• Each panellists evaluates blind 2 sets of samples with known qualified panellists results. Each product will be run twice to confirm accuracy. If the panellist does not grade the products correctly twice in a row they have to reassess until they do. However, if after 4 attempts per product they still fail to grade correctly they must be re-trained (section I). When grading is incorrect they cannot be informed of the expected grades, they can only be told if they are too draggy or too slippery.
• Each panellist must have at least 3 hours between testing each product set.
• Two arm washes can be performed at any one time, one on each arm.
• Each panellist can evaluate more than one set of test samples per day, but with 3 hour intervals between each set.
• Moisturisers can not be applied to the forearms for 24 hours before or during the test period.
• the inner forearm and both hands are wet for 5 seconds.
• 1.7ml of the product to be graded is applied into wet hands.
• the lather is applied to the inner forearm (from wrist to elbow to wrist) for 10 seconds using moderate pressure.
• the lather is left on the forearm for 30 seconds.
• the product is rinsed from the hands.
• the forearm is rinsed under running water for 15 seconds, with the flow of the water starting at the elbow. During this time the wet skin feel is evaluated at the following time points: 3 seconds, 9 seconds & 15 seconds. This is done by stroking the inner forearm from elbow to wrist three times using light pressure and starting below where the water flows onto the arm. Rinsing is stopped after 15 seconds and each wet skin feel evaluation is marked onto the ballot sheet.
• a randomised incomplete latin square design should be used to compare eight products using eight subjects and two treatment sites per subject.
• a statistical package capable of performing Analysis of Variance should be used (e.g. Statgraphics Plus version 2.1).
• the analysis should be performed at 90%> significance level, using the evaluation time point as the dependant variable and product, panellist and site as the factors. For 8 subjects this design has 80%> power to show differences of 0.71 grades at 90%) significance.
• compositions according to the present invention were tested using the Rinse Feel Panel Test detailed above. In addition, several comparative compositions were also tested. The formulations of each product and Rinse Values are shown below.
• Test Products I-IX are compositions according to the present invention.

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• 1997
  • 1997-08-22 GB GBGB9717947.7A patent/GB9717947D0/en active Pending
• 1998
  • 1998-05-26 CN CN98809439A patent/CN1271272A/zh active Pending
  • 1998-05-26 BR BR9811727-0A patent/BR9811727A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-05-26 EP EP98923754A patent/EP1014932A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-05-26 CA CA002300442A patent/CA2300442A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-05-26 JP JP2000507342A patent/JP2001513541A/ja active Pending
  • 1998-05-26 AU AU75971/98A patent/AU7597198A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-05-26 KR KR1020007001810A patent/KR20010023183A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-05-26 WO PCT/US1998/010650 patent/WO1999009950A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-08-17 ZA ZA987365A patent/ZA987365B/xx unknown
  • 1998-08-21 CO CO98047980A patent/CO4970690A1/es unknown

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