WO1998054097A1 - Process and agent for water purification - Google Patents
Process and agent for water purification Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998054097A1 WO1998054097A1 PCT/SE1998/001027 SE9801027W WO9854097A1 WO 1998054097 A1 WO1998054097 A1 WO 1998054097A1 SE 9801027 W SE9801027 W SE 9801027W WO 9854097 A1 WO9854097 A1 WO 9854097A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- water
- waste water
- polymer
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
Definitions
- waste waters with a very high content of organic material are produced. Even when only natural substances, which are easy to decompose biologically, are involved, such waste waters become a heavy burden on the waste water purification process
- the method functions well at most automobile wash facilities, but may be disturbed by high concentrations of substances with surface activity of the anionic type.
- Such high concentrations occur sometimes during winter in wash facilities for common automobiles at a very high load and may be caused by the fact that many automobiles have been washed with anionic cleaning agents earlier or that an anionic de-fatting agent has been sprayed on the automobile before the wash.
- From cleaning of tank cars, where the tank is washed both on the outside and the inside problems arise by the fact that many substances carted by tank cars are anionic surface active.
- strongly alkaline cleaning agents are frequently used. Such agents cause partial saponification of fatty acids.
- the waste waters from such cleaning operations contain high concentrations of substances with surface activity of the anionic type.
- European patent publication 0075241 concerns a process for the regeneration of water containing de-fatting and cleaning solutions. According to this process one starts by adding 1 to 5 g/l water soluble alkali metal phosphate and/or -silicate and proceeds by adding water soluble calcium and/or magnesium salts in such proportions that the concentration becomes .3 to 2 g/l calcium ions respectively .2 to 1.2 g/l magnesium ions, i.e. approximately equivalent proportions of phosphate ions and calcium ions.
- the publication tells that one frequently still has a comparatively high content of mineral oil in the solution after the separation. In passing, addition of a flocculant on poly-electrolyte basis is mentioned.
- EP 0075243 and US patent No 4,409, 119 refer to a regeneration method for phosphate or silicate containing cleaning solutions contaminated by oils of different kinds.
- the solutions must contain at least 1 g/l alkali phosphate and/or -silicate.
- the purification is done by adding solutions containing calcium and/or magnesium salts, especially nitrates, sulphates or chlorides, in such proportion that it is equivalent to a concentration of .3 - 2 (.6 - 1.2) g/l calcium ions respectively .2 - 1.2 (.3 - .7) g/l magnesium ions.
- US patent No 4,588,508 concerns a process intended for purification of process water from refineries, water containing oil residues, ballast water etc. containing oil residues and finely divided solid material, which can be organic or inorganic.
- a mixture of two different cationic polymers with defined molecule weights is used for the purification.
- Advantages of addition water soluble salts of multivalent cations are also mentioned.
- the sole salts, for which the use is exemplified are aluminium and zinc salts.
- the listed waters are almost without exception neutral, i.e. have pH between 6 and 8 and contain, as a rule, no compounds that can react with calcium salts for the formation of water insoluble compounds.
- the proportion between polymer and salt is from 4:5 to 1 :2.
- the laboratory method seems not to have been adapted for practical use.
- a calcium or magnesium salt, hydroxide or oxide is added to a polymer of acrylic acid or acrylic amide to simplify their handling.
- the polymer is anionic and nonionic.
- This invention concerns an automatized process for the separation of organic soil inclusive mineral oils, milk residues etc. from cleaning solutions and waste waters of different kinds to levels that are low enough to permit as well reuse, with essential part of the active substances preserved, as discharge to a purification plant with biological purification of the type used for sewage from households and similar places, without disturbances of the purification and/or sludge handling.
- the process is suitable for most alkaline waste waters.
- a mixture of a soluble calcium salt, preferably calcium chloride and/or calcium nitrate, and a cationic polymer with molecule weight in the range 1 to 12 millions is used.
- a suitable mixture for the purpose is 90 to 99 weight % calcium chloride of technical quality containing 75 to 85 weight % calcium chloride and 1 to 10 weight % cationic polymer.
- the addition should be done as a water solution that may contain 1 to 20 weight % of the mixture. 0,1 to 10 volume % of this water solution calculated on the waste water volume is a suitable quantity.
- Other soluble salts with multi-valent cations may be used. Calcium nitrate works very well but may sometimes be expected to give an unwanted contribution of fixed nitrogen to the waste water.
- Calcium nitrate has because of its nitrate content the good quality that the appearance of anaerobic states is prevented. Therefor, calcium nitrate solely or a mixture of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate is a good alternative if anaerobic states may be expected. Such a mixture is optimal when the activity may include stops with water remaining in the system. A well-adjusted addition of calcium nitrate will usually not mean any contribution to the nitrogen loading at the purification plant as the nitrate is consumed by biological activity with generation of nitrogen gas. Without nitrate this biological activity causes the generation of hydrogen sulphide.
- Magnesium salts may be used but are less preferred. Magnesium ion salts with large anions are more soluble than the calcium ion salts. Magnesium has lower equivalent weight, which causes precipitates containing magnesium ions to sink more slowly.
- the cationic polymer should have high molecule weight. The range 1 to 12 millions is acceptable but a smaller range, 3 to 10 millions, is preferred. Suitable cationic polymers for this application are usually inter-polymers of neutral monomers and cationic monomers. The percentage of cationic groups may vary between just more than 0 and 100 calculated as numbers of different monomers. For this application moderately cationic active polymers are preferred, i.e. with percentages of cationic monomers between 20 and 80%.
- Very suitable polymers for the purpose are found in the group inter-polymers of acrylic amide and cationic active acrylic acid derivatives.
- pH in the range 9 to 11 is preferred, as the separation, especially for heavy metal ions and fat, is complete in this range.
- Suitable pH may be achieved by lye and/or trisodium ortho phosphate.
- the combination of lye and ortho phosphate is preferred even when the purification is not part in a recycling system for the wash water. Small quantities of ortho phosphate promote the efficiency of the purification process.
- Just ortho phosphate may be used, but is more expensive than the combination, without bringing corresponding advantages. Beside, alkalisation with just ortho phosphate may give an unwanted contribution to the phosphor loading at the purification plant and be cause for surcharges for waste water treatment in municipal plants.
- sodium hydroxide and/or sodium ortho phosphate for pH-control is sodium carbonate.
- Other possibilities are addition of calcium and/or magnesium carbonate and/or calcium hydroxide to the mixture of calcium salt and polymer.
- Calcium and magnesium exist mainly as Ca 2+ respectively Mg 2+ right to pH11.5. At lower pH their salts are comparatively soluble. Thus, they are less suitable for use at the process according to the US patent. Therefor, the difference between this invention and the process according to the US patent is not just the large difference in the proportion between salt and polymer but also the direction and usefulness for the different methods.
- an acrylic amide polymer is used with calcium and magnesium salts.
- an acrylic acid polymer is used, too.
- those polymer species are nonionic respectively anionic one in both cases misses the synergistic effect that the mixture of calcium salts and cationic polymer gives at the addition to alkaline solutions containing large inorganic and organic ions, which can react with calcium and form water insoluble compounds. Addition should not be done continuously but surge-wisely, i.e. that 5 to 50% of the amount of wash solution respectively waste water is mixed with precipitating agent, then the formed mixture is stratified over the already added quantity waste water in the separator.
- This invention concerns a process for purification of waste water containing calcium precipitating substances, as inorganic anions with two or more valences but without complex forming power, salts of fatty acids, anionic surface active agents, proteins etc., by the adding of a water solution, which contains a mixture of calcium chloride and cationic polymer with molecule weight in the range 1 to 12 millions in proportion from 100:1 to 10:1.
- This invention also concerns production and use, for the regeneration of wash solutions and purification of waste water, of a water solution containing 1 to 20 weight % of a mixture of 70 to 80 weight % soluble calcium salt, which may consist of calcium chloride of technical quality containing 75 to 85 weight % calcium chloride, and 1 to 10 weight % cationic polymer with molecule weight in the rangel to 12 millions, remainder water and contaminants in the calcium salts.
- a water solution containing 1 to 20 weight % of a mixture of 70 to 80 weight % soluble calcium salt, which may consist of calcium chloride of technical quality containing 75 to 85 weight % calcium chloride, and 1 to 10 weight % cationic polymer with molecule weight in the rangel to 12 millions, remainder water and contaminants in the calcium salts.
- a container is filled with a mixture as above with 90 to 99 weight % calcium chloride of technical quality, i.e. containing 75 to 85% calcium chloride, and 1 to 10% cationic polymer. If the content of cationic polymer is less than 5%, no other measures are needed before use.
- cationic polymer At higher contents of cationic polymer, 5 to 10 weight %, adding about 20 weight % water may be suitable. The result becomes a paste, which has very long shelf life.
- the paste can also be achieved by addition of a suitable, low molecule alcohol but water is preferred from cost and environment reasons.
- the container is placed upside down.
- the paste is sprayed with water at its underside according to a program, which gives suitable quantity solution for each portion waste water.
- a program which gives suitable quantity solution for each portion waste water.
- a fixed amount of water gives a comparatively fixed amount precipitating agent.
- Cutting water saving types of nozzles are preferred. Such nozzles have a flat comparatively narrow jet pattern.
- the outlet from the dosing equipment contains undigested polymer solution. This can be seen as turbidity caused by floating and water-suspended polymer particles.
- the stream is collected in an intermediate container. In this container the mixture is agitated by air injection to hasten the maturing.
- the container is provided with a discharge pipe, which begins at the lower region of the container, bends upwards along the container up to desired liquid level, bends again and ends in a pipe, which adds desired quantity precipitating agent to a suitable mixing point with the cleaning solution respectively the waste water. If dosing at each addition of waste water is wanted, the discharge pipe is provided with an opening that lets in air at its highest point. Undigested polymer particles are lighter than water and gather in the upper part of the container even at moderate agitation. In this way one gets matured calcium salt/polymer solution, dosed by overflow. The liquid level is adjusted to give suitable maturing time.
- the flow from the dosing equipment is collected until a suitable level in the maturing container has been obtained and is then emptied at once by siphon effect in the pipe to suitable mixing point with wash solution respectively waste water.
- the diameter of the discharge pipe must not be large enough to let air in the back way. Besides the air opening at the top must be closed.
- the surge frequency for dosing may, in this case, be determined just by the choice of container and height adjustment of the outlets highest point.
- the intermediate container should be provided with an arrangement for conductivity measuring, which gives a signal that can be used to tell when it is time to change the paste container.
- the measuring point should at surge-wise dosing be placed under the outlet not to be disturbed by the siphon emptying.
- a dry mixture of polymer and calcium salt This mixture is poured in the water in the container.
- the container should be provided with an agitator, and/or arrangements for injecting finely divided air in the lower part of the container.
- the dry mixing allows that the powder can be tipped in the container. If one instead wants to dissolve a dry, not mixed polymer, in a satisfactory way in reasonable time the powder has to be sprinkled slowly over the water surface.
- the separation of the formed precipitate is, with advantage, done in gravity-based oil separators of similar type as those that are usually used at automatic automobile wash plants and similar installations. At large amounts of sludge the emptying frequency of conventional separators of the mentioned type will be very high.
- Suitable methods may be centrifuging and use of so-called wet cyclones.
- Another very suitable method is flotation, i.e. air injection in the basin's lower part and separation of formed froth. This is especially true when the waste water is free from heavy particles such as sand and similar. This may, of course, be a method for taking charge of lighter and heavier components in the waste water separately, but requires then afterwards sedimentation or other suitable method for to separate the heavier pollutants from the waste water. Flotation makes almost immediate separation possible before useful substances in the waste water have been destroyed by biological or chemical influence.
- the precipitating agent should be mixed with the waste water before the separator.
- addition should be done surge-wisely, i.e. that addition is done during just a part (1 to 50%) of the time waste water is delivered to the separator.
- the addition should be done when waste water is delivered to the separator so that the precipitating agent mixes fast with the part of waste water that is in the mixing zone. If the addition is done in a zone with a very turbulent flow, for instance in the channel in an automatic automobile wash plant, no separate arrangements are needed if the channel and the following pipe to the separator are long enough. In other cases using some suitable type of mixer may be advantageous.
- a so- called "static mixer” i.e. a mixer without moving parts, will give sufficiently good mixing.
- calcium ions as cationic polymer react with negative ions, including ortho phosphate, in the waste water. If calcium ions and cationic polymers are added intimately mixed, their precipitation power is used much better than if they as usual are added separately.
- a dairy produces 350 m waste cleaning solution containing surface active agents, alkali, complex formers (NTA), milk, milk fats, milk proteins and other soils each
- the waste water is collected in two tanks of 50 m each. The tanks are filled and emptied alternately. Each day 2000 litres of a 10% solution of calcium chloride and cationic polymer are used to purify the waste water.
- the purification mixture is produced by dissolving 100 kilos of a dry powder mixture containing 98% calcium chloride of technical quality (75 to 85% CaCI 2 ) and 2% cationic polymer in water while agitating by air injection. The mixture is let to mature 2 to 3 hours before use. At each emptying of the collection tanks about 290 litres of the solution are added. The addition is done via a static mixer in the channel between the collection tank
- Example 2 A facility for the cleaning of tank lorries uses a system for washing with recycled wash water essentially according to the mentioned PCT-application is used, i.e. by a recycling wash solution containing cationic surface active agent and mixed with sodium ortho phosphate and NaOH as emulsion breaking and heavy metal precipitating agent.
- the recycling solution had a pH between 10 and 10.5 and a ortho phosphate content of about 2,0 g/l.
- the very varying content in the tanks of the lorries causes difficulties to achieve purification down to the level of 100 mg/l that is limit for outlet to municipal waste water purification plant.
- To improve the separation one adds 20 to 2000 g per washed lorry of the, in example 1 mentioned, mixture consisting of 95% water and 5% of a mixture containing 98% calcium chloride of technical quality and 2% cationic polymer. The addition was varied with respect to the soiling degree and size of the lorries. The highest additions were used for lorries that had transported oil.
- Washing was done as well outside as inside the tanks.
- the water turnover was estimated to 1500 to 2000 litres per lorry.
- the addition was done before the oil separator surge-wisely, i.e. just during a small part of the time when waste water is delivered to the oil separator.
- the cycling, wash solution contained about 2.0 g/l sodium ortho phosphate, i.e. an important stoicheiometric surplus in proportion to the amount calcium ions and polymer.
- the turnover at a nor- mal wash is about 500 litres wash water consisting of recycled water and fresh water for the final rinsing.
- At average .006 g calcium ions per litre wash solution were consumed at each wash cycle.
- the test of example 3 was repeated in another similar facility with the difference that the calcium chloride/polymer solution was prepared in two 100 litres' containers, which were used alternately.
- the solution was prepared by first filling the container with water and then emptying a bucket containing 5 kilos of a dry-mixed mixture of calcium chloride and cationic polymer in the container.
- the recycling solution contained between .5 and 3 g/l ortho phosphate.
- Two different mixtures of calcium chloride and polymer were used. One contained 96 weight % calcium chloride and 4 weight % cationic polymer, the other 98 weight % respectively 2 weight % of the mentioned components.
- One product (I) contained a mixture of 95 weight % trisodium ortho phosphate and 5 weight % sodium hydroxide, which had been dissolved in water to a solution with 7.5 weight % of the mixture.
- the other product (II) consisted of a 7.5 % water solution produced by adding 15 kilos of a dry mixture of 98 weight % calcium chloride (technical quality) and 2% cationic polymer to 200 litres water and agitating.
- the first test resulted in a COD reduction from 2500 mg/l to 428 mg/l.
- the second test gave a COD reduction from 14972 mg/l to 1246 mg/l.
- the corresponding reduction was from 4430 mg/l to 275 mg/l.
- the third test gave precipitate in the buffer tank already and was therefor judges as less successful.
- the COD reductions at the three tests became 83, 92 and 94%. BOD 7 followed the same pattern.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98926015A EP0988254A1 (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-05-29 | Process and agent for water purification |
AU77943/98A AU7794398A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-05-29 | Process and agent for water purification |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9702056-4 | 1997-05-30 | ||
SE9702056A SE512118C2 (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1997-05-30 | Procedure for water purification |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998054097A1 true WO1998054097A1 (en) | 1998-12-03 |
Family
ID=20407177
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1998/001027 WO1998054097A1 (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-05-29 | Process and agent for water purification |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0988254A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7794398A (en) |
SE (1) | SE512118C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998054097A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001021537A1 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-03-29 | Alfa Laval Ab | Method for purification of water which has been used for vehicle wash |
WO2001025156A1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-12 | Kemira Kemi Ab | Cationic polymers for sludge dewatering |
WO2009104945A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2009-08-27 | Mendoza Ramirez Ma Leticia | Biodegradable saponified polyamide resin obtained by synthesis in emulsion for the treatment of wastewater (industrial and domestic) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0075241A2 (en) * | 1981-09-19 | 1983-03-30 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Process for regenerating aqueous degreasing and cleaning solutions |
EP0075243A2 (en) * | 1981-09-19 | 1983-03-30 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Process for regenerating aqueous degreasing and cleaning solutions |
US4588508A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1986-05-13 | Nalco Cehmical Company | Bimodal cationics for water clarification |
-
1997
- 1997-05-30 SE SE9702056A patent/SE512118C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-05-29 AU AU77943/98A patent/AU7794398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-05-29 EP EP98926015A patent/EP0988254A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-05-29 WO PCT/SE1998/001027 patent/WO1998054097A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0075241A2 (en) * | 1981-09-19 | 1983-03-30 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Process for regenerating aqueous degreasing and cleaning solutions |
EP0075243A2 (en) * | 1981-09-19 | 1983-03-30 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Process for regenerating aqueous degreasing and cleaning solutions |
US4409119A (en) * | 1981-09-19 | 1983-10-11 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for regenerating cleaning solutions |
US4588508A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1986-05-13 | Nalco Cehmical Company | Bimodal cationics for water clarification |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 5, (C-71); & JP,A,56 076 293 (NORIHIKO BASE) 23 June 1981. * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001021537A1 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-03-29 | Alfa Laval Ab | Method for purification of water which has been used for vehicle wash |
WO2001025156A1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-12 | Kemira Kemi Ab | Cationic polymers for sludge dewatering |
WO2009104945A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2009-08-27 | Mendoza Ramirez Ma Leticia | Biodegradable saponified polyamide resin obtained by synthesis in emulsion for the treatment of wastewater (industrial and domestic) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE9702056L (en) | 1998-12-28 |
AU7794398A (en) | 1998-12-30 |
SE9702056D0 (en) | 1997-05-30 |
EP0988254A1 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
SE512118C2 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
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