WO1998049735A1 - Solar panel having photovoltaic units connected in series - Google Patents

Solar panel having photovoltaic units connected in series Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998049735A1
WO1998049735A1 PCT/NL1998/000230 NL9800230W WO9849735A1 WO 1998049735 A1 WO1998049735 A1 WO 1998049735A1 NL 9800230 W NL9800230 W NL 9800230W WO 9849735 A1 WO9849735 A1 WO 9849735A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar panel
electrical conductor
solar
units
photovoltaic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL1998/000230
Other languages
French (fr)
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Johannes Adrianus Maria Van Roosmalen
Original Assignee
Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland filed Critical Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland
Priority to AU70856/98A priority Critical patent/AU7085698A/en
Publication of WO1998049735A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998049735A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
    • H01L31/046—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
    • H01L31/0465—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate comprising particular structures for the electrical interconnection of adjacent PV cells in the module
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H01L31/0508—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module the interconnection means having a particular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H01L31/0516—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module specially adapted for interconnection of back-contact solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaic solar panel comprising a plate-like carrier provided with at least two substantially flat photovoltaic units connected in series by an electrical conductor for receiving sunlight and converting thereof into an electrical voltage difference.
  • Solar panels are known wherein the photovoltaic units are formed by solar cells which consist of wafers of silicon material and which are mutually connected in series and which are arranged at a determined mutual distance on a carrier plate.
  • the surface area on the carrier plate between the solar cells does not of course contribute directly to the conversion of light into an electrical voltage difference and in principle has the effect of decreasing efficiency, and thereby increasing the cost price of the electricity generated with a solar panel.
  • Reducing the non-effective surface area of the solar panels relative to the effective surface area by decreasing the distance between the solar cells causes problems in the assembly of the solar panels, while enlarging the effective surface area relative to the non- effective surface area by scaling up the solar cells results in problems in scaling-up of the wafers .
  • a solar panel of the type stated in the preamble of which the photovoltaic units can according to the invention each be manufactured individually and have a substantially elongate form defined by two long sides and two short sides, wherein the length ratio of the long and the short sides amounts to at least 2, the units are adapted to produce a voltage difference over their long sides and the mutually facing long sides of the units lie in each case mutually adjacently along their length, wherein the electrical conductor extends at least partially along each of the mutually facing long sides.
  • a solar panel according to the invention it is possible in simple manner to increase the effective surface area relative to the non-effective surface area by enlarging the photovoltaic units in only one direction, i.e.
  • the photovoltaic units in such a solar panel which can each be manufactured individually, i.e. independently of each other, each form a physical unit which is connected in series to the following unit by the electrical conductor.
  • the electrical conductor comprises at least one strip extending between and along the mutually facing long sides.
  • the length ratio of the long and the short sides preferably amounts to at least 5, more preferably at least 10 and even more preferably to at least 20.
  • the photovoltaic unit is formed by a solar cell, for instance a solar cell comprising a wafer of crystalline silicon (Si) .
  • such a solar cell takes the form of a ribbon.
  • the solar cell forming the photovoltaic unit comprises a substrate.
  • This substrate can be composed of for instance ceramic material, which may or may not be electrically conducting, semiconductor material, glass, metal or plastic and can comprise multiple layers, for instance for the purpose of electrical conduction, reflection of light or to enhance the nucleation of silicon.
  • the ceramic material for the substrate is for instance a conducting material on a basis of sintered Si to which is added for instance aluminium (Al) , tin (Sn) , ⁇ l-- ⁇ to to H H
  • the electrical conductor in a solar panel according to the invention comprises for instance a metal strip, a strip of semiconductor material, a strip of conducting polymer material or a strip of polymer material provided with a conducting layer, and is for instance provided with a directly or diffusely reflecting surface.
  • the electrical conductor has a zigzag profile in vertical cross-section for reflecting light incident thereon to one of the photovoltaic units.
  • Fig. 1 shows a detail of a first embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention in perspective view
  • Fig. 2 shows a detail of a second embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention in perspective view
  • Fig. 3-5 show in cross-section a detail of a third embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention
  • Fig. 6 shows in top view a first configuration of a solar panel in accordance with any of the embodiments of fig. 1-5,
  • Fig. 7 shows in top view a second configuration of a solar panel in accordance with any of the embodiments of fig. 1-5,
  • Fig. 8 shows in top view a solar panel according to the invention assembled from two solar cells with a multilayer structure
  • Fig. 9 shows a detail of a vertical lengthwise section through one of the solar cells of fig. 8,
  • Fig. 10 shows in top view a solar panel according to the invention assembled from two solar cells of the type with an "interdigitated grid",
  • Fig. 11 shows a detail of a vertical lengthwise section through one of the solar cells of fig. 10, LO ⁇ to t H H o L ⁇ o L ⁇ o L ⁇ o L ⁇ o L ⁇ rt tr s3 ⁇ li CQ ra P rt ⁇ ti ⁇ CD ⁇ - ⁇ - J rt rt rt ⁇ -3 ⁇ 0 ⁇ CO 0 J ra P. O rt S3 rt
  • Units 1, 1' are provided on their underside with a metallization pattern consisting of parallel conducting strips 6 and 6' over the width, wherein strips 6 make contact with layers 3 (n-Si) and strips 6' make contact with a layer 4' (p + - Si) deposited on layer 4 (p-Si) .
  • the shown unit can in principle also be extended in a repeating pattern in directions to the left and right in the shown position, so that an elongate unit is obtained.

Abstract

Photovoltaic solar panel comprising a plate-like first carrier provided with at least two substantially flat photovoltaic units connected in series by an electrical conductor for receiving sunlight and converting thereof into an electrical voltage difference, wherein the photovoltaic units can each be manufactured individually and have a substantially elongate form defined by two long sides and two short sides, wherein the length ratio of the long and the short sides amounts to at least 2, the units are adapted to produce a voltage difference over their long sides and the mutually facing long sides of the units lie in each case mutually adjacently along their length and the units are connected by the electrical conductor.

Description

SOLAR PANEL HAVING PHOTOVOLTAIC UNITS CONNECTED IN SERIES
The invention relates to a photovoltaic solar panel comprising a plate-like carrier provided with at least two substantially flat photovoltaic units connected in series by an electrical conductor for receiving sunlight and converting thereof into an electrical voltage difference.
Solar panels are known wherein the photovoltaic units are formed by solar cells which consist of wafers of silicon material and which are mutually connected in series and which are arranged at a determined mutual distance on a carrier plate. The surface area on the carrier plate between the solar cells does not of course contribute directly to the conversion of light into an electrical voltage difference and in principle has the effect of decreasing efficiency, and thereby increasing the cost price of the electricity generated with a solar panel. Reducing the non-effective surface area of the solar panels relative to the effective surface area by decreasing the distance between the solar cells causes problems in the assembly of the solar panels, while enlarging the effective surface area relative to the non- effective surface area by scaling up the solar cells results in problems in scaling-up of the wafers .
It is an object of the invention to provide a solar panel wherein the part of the surface which does not contribute towards the conversion of light into an electrical voltage difference is further reduced in size relative to the known solar panels.
This object is achieved with a solar panel of the type stated in the preamble, of which the photovoltaic units can according to the invention each be manufactured individually and have a substantially elongate form defined by two long sides and two short sides, wherein the length ratio of the long and the short sides amounts to at least 2, the units are adapted to produce a voltage difference over their long sides and the mutually facing long sides of the units lie in each case mutually adjacently along their length, wherein the electrical conductor extends at least partially along each of the mutually facing long sides. In a solar panel according to the invention it is possible in simple manner to increase the effective surface area relative to the non-effective surface area by enlarging the photovoltaic units in only one direction, i.e. the direction corresponding with the length direction of the units, wherein problems which generally occur during scaling-up of such units in two directions are prevented. The photovoltaic units in such a solar panel, which can each be manufactured individually, i.e. independently of each other, each form a physical unit which is connected in series to the following unit by the electrical conductor.
In an advantageous embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention the electrical conductor comprises at least one strip extending between and along the mutually facing long sides.
The length ratio of the long and the short sides preferably amounts to at least 5, more preferably at least 10 and even more preferably to at least 20.
In an embodiment the photovoltaic unit is formed by a solar cell, for instance a solar cell comprising a wafer of crystalline silicon (Si) .
In an advantageous embodiment such a solar cell takes the form of a ribbon.
In yet another embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention the solar cell forming the photovoltaic unit comprises a substrate.
This substrate can be composed of for instance ceramic material, which may or may not be electrically conducting, semiconductor material, glass, metal or plastic and can comprise multiple layers, for instance for the purpose of electrical conduction, reflection of light or to enhance the nucleation of silicon.
The ceramic material for the substrate is for instance a conducting material on a basis of sintered Si to which is added for instance aluminium (Al) , tin (Sn) , ιl-- ω to to H H
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long, narrow solar cells in inexpensive and relatively simple manner.
The electrical conductor in a solar panel according to the invention comprises for instance a metal strip, a strip of semiconductor material, a strip of conducting polymer material or a strip of polymer material provided with a conducting layer, and is for instance provided with a directly or diffusely reflecting surface.
In an advantageous embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention the electrical conductor has a zigzag profile in vertical cross-section for reflecting light incident thereon to one of the photovoltaic units.
The invention will be elucidated hereinbelow on the basis of embodiments with reference to the annexed draw- ings .
In the drawings :
Fig. 1 shows a detail of a first embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention in perspective view, Fig. 2 shows a detail of a second embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention in perspective view,
Fig. 3-5 show in cross-section a detail of a third embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention, Fig. 6 shows in top view a first configuration of a solar panel in accordance with any of the embodiments of fig. 1-5,
Fig. 7 shows in top view a second configuration of a solar panel in accordance with any of the embodiments of fig. 1-5,
Fig. 8 shows in top view a solar panel according to the invention assembled from two solar cells with a multilayer structure,
Fig. 9 shows a detail of a vertical lengthwise section through one of the solar cells of fig. 8,
Fig. 10 shows in top view a solar panel according to the invention assembled from two solar cells of the type with an "interdigitated grid",
Fig. 11 shows a detail of a vertical lengthwise section through one of the solar cells of fig. 10, LO ω to t H H o Lπ o Lπ o LΠ o LΠ rt tr s3 Φ li CQ ra P rt ω ti ø CD μ- μ- J rt rt rt ι-3 Ω 0 Ω CO 0 J ra P. O rt S3 rt
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which consists of a layer 4 (p-Si) onto which a layer 3 (n-Si) is deposited on the top and bottom. Units 1, 1' are provided on their underside with a metallization pattern consisting of parallel conducting strips 6 and 6' over the width, wherein strips 6 make contact with layers 3 (n-Si) and strips 6' make contact with a layer 4' (p+- Si) deposited on layer 4 (p-Si) . The shown unit can in principle also be extended in a repeating pattern in directions to the left and right in the shown position, so that an elongate unit is obtained.
*****

Claims

1. Photovoltaic solar panel comprising a plate-like carrier provided with at least two substantially flat photovoltaic units connected in series by an electrical conductor for receiving sunlight and converting thereof into an electrical voltage difference, characterized in that the photovoltaic units can each be manufactured individually and have a substantially elongate form defined by two long sides and two short sides, wherein the length ratio of the long and the short sides amounts to at least 2, the units are adapted to produce a voltage difference over their long sides and the mutually facing long sides of the units lie in each case mutually adjacently along their length, wherein the electrical conductor extends at least partially along each of the mutually facing long sides.
2. Solar panel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the electrical conductor comprises at least one strip extending between and along the mutually facing long sides.
3. Solar panel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length ratio amounts to at least 5.
4. Solar panel as claimed in claim 3 , characterized in that the length ratio amounts to at least 10.
5. Solar panel as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the length ratio amounts to at least 20.
6. Solar panel as claimed in any of the claims 1-5, characterized in that the photovoltaic unit is formed by a solar cell.
7. Solar panel as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the solar cell comprises a wafer of crystalline silicon (Si) .
8. Solar panel as claimed in claim 6 or 7 , characterized in that the solar cell takes the form of a ribbon.
9. Solar panel as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the solar cell comprises a substrate.
10. Solar panel as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the substrate is composed of at least two layers.
11. Solar panel as claimed in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the material of the substrate respective- ly of the layers thereof is selected from any of the materials glass, metal, plastic, semiconductor material and ceramic material .
12. Solar panel as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the ceramic material is a conducting materi- al on a basis of sintered Si.
13. Solar panel as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the substrate takes the form of an elongate strip .
14. Solar panel as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the material of the at least one solar cell is selected from one or more of the materials amorphous silicon (a-Si) , alloys based on a-Si, copper indium diselenide (CIS) , compounds based on CIS, copper indium sulphide, compounds based on copper indium sulphide, cadmium telluride (CdTe) and nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (nc-Ti02) .
15. Solar panel as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that alloys based on a-Si contain one of the materials hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) or amorphous silicon alloyed with germanium (a-Si:Ge) .
16. Solar panel as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the at least one solar cell is formed by a stack of at least two solar cells connected in series .
17. Solar panel as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the at least one solar cell comprises a layer of thin-film crystalline silicon (f-Si) .
18. Solar panel as claimed in any of the claims 1- 17, characterized in that the electrical conductor comprises a metal strip.
19. Solar panel as claimed in any of the claims 1- 17, characterized in that the electrical conductor comprises a strip of semiconductor material.
20. Solar panel as claimed in any of the claims 1- 17, characterized in that the electrical conductor com- prises a strip of conducting polymer material.
21. Solar panel as claimed in any of the claims 1- 17, characterized in that the electrical conductor comprises a strip of polymer material provided with a conducting layer.
22. Solar panel as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the electrical conductor is provided with a reflecting surface.
23. Solar panel as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the electrical conductor has a zigzag profile in vertical cross-section for reflecting light incident thereon to one of the photovoltaic units.
*****
PCT/NL1998/000230 1997-04-29 1998-04-24 Solar panel having photovoltaic units connected in series WO1998049735A1 (en)

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NL1005926A NL1005926C2 (en) 1997-04-29 1997-04-29 Solar panel with photovoltaic units connected in series.

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WO2000038216A2 (en) * 1998-12-10 2000-06-29 The Regents Of The University Of California High voltage photovoltaic power converter
EP1030376A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2000-08-23 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Solar cell module and solar cell panel
EP1630875A2 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-01 General Electric Company (a New York Corporation) Photovoltaic laminate backplane with optical concentrator
WO2008094048A2 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-08-07 Renewable Energy Corporation Asa Interconnecting reflector ribbon for solar cell modules
US20100000595A1 (en) * 2008-07-04 2010-01-07 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Solar cell module
WO2013030407A1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Schott Solar Ag Method for connecting solar cells, and solar cell module
WO2020237059A1 (en) * 2019-05-23 2020-11-26 Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. Solar cell side surface interconnects
US11043606B2 (en) 2019-05-23 2021-06-22 Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. Solar cell edge interconnects
US11125389B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2021-09-21 Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. Interdigitated back contact metal-insulator-semiconductor solar cell with printed oxide tunnel junctions

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000038216A2 (en) * 1998-12-10 2000-06-29 The Regents Of The University Of California High voltage photovoltaic power converter
WO2000038216A3 (en) * 1998-12-10 2000-11-09 Univ California High voltage photovoltaic power converter
US6265653B1 (en) 1998-12-10 2001-07-24 The Regents Of The University Of California High voltage photovoltaic power converter
EP1030376A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2000-08-23 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Solar cell module and solar cell panel
US6262358B1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2001-07-17 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Solar cell module and solar cell panel using the same
EP1630875A2 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-01 General Electric Company (a New York Corporation) Photovoltaic laminate backplane with optical concentrator
EP1630875A3 (en) * 2004-08-24 2007-01-10 General Electric Company (a New York Corporation) Photovoltaic laminate backplane with optical concentrator
WO2008094048A3 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-12-11 Renewable Energy Corp Asa Interconnecting reflector ribbon for solar cell modules
WO2008094048A2 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-08-07 Renewable Energy Corporation Asa Interconnecting reflector ribbon for solar cell modules
JP2010517315A (en) * 2007-01-31 2010-05-20 リニューアブル・エナジー・コーポレーション・エーエスエー Interconnect reflective ribbon for solar cell module
US20100000595A1 (en) * 2008-07-04 2010-01-07 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Solar cell module
WO2013030407A1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Schott Solar Ag Method for connecting solar cells, and solar cell module
US11125389B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2021-09-21 Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. Interdigitated back contact metal-insulator-semiconductor solar cell with printed oxide tunnel junctions
US11746957B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2023-09-05 Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. Interdigitated back contact metal-insulator-semiconductor solar cell with printed oxide tunnel junctions
WO2020237059A1 (en) * 2019-05-23 2020-11-26 Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. Solar cell side surface interconnects
US11043606B2 (en) 2019-05-23 2021-06-22 Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. Solar cell edge interconnects
US11189738B2 (en) 2019-05-23 2021-11-30 Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. Solar cell side surface interconnects

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