WO1998039446A2 - 70 proteines humaines secretees - Google Patents

70 proteines humaines secretees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998039446A2
WO1998039446A2 PCT/US1998/004482 US9804482W WO9839446A2 WO 1998039446 A2 WO1998039446 A2 WO 1998039446A2 US 9804482 W US9804482 W US 9804482W WO 9839446 A2 WO9839446 A2 WO 9839446A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gene
polypeptide
seq
polypeptides
tissue
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Application number
PCT/US1998/004482
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English (en)
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WO1998039446A3 (fr
Inventor
Steven M. Ruben
Craig A. Rosen
Carrie L. Fischer
Daniel R. Soppet
Kenneth C. Carter
Daniel P. Bednarik
Gregory A. Endress
Guo-Liang Yu
Jian Ni
Ping Feng
Paul E. Young
John M. Greene
Ann M. Ferrie
Roxanne Duan
Jing-Shan Hu
Kimberley A. FLORENCE
Henrik S. Olsen
Reinhard Ebner
Laurie A. Brewer
Paul A. Moore
Yanggu Shi
David W. Lafleur
Yi Li
Zhizhen Zeng
Hla Kyaw
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Human Genome Sciences, Inc.
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Publication date
Priority to CA002284131A priority Critical patent/CA2284131A1/fr
Priority to JP53887598A priority patent/JP2002519990A/ja
Priority to AU65452/98A priority patent/AU6545298A/en
Priority to EP98905126A priority patent/EP0972029A1/fr
Application filed by Human Genome Sciences, Inc. filed Critical Human Genome Sciences, Inc.
Priority to US09/148,545 priority patent/US6590075B2/en
Publication of WO1998039446A2 publication Critical patent/WO1998039446A2/fr
Publication of WO1998039446A3 publication Critical patent/WO1998039446A3/fr
Priority to US09/621,011 priority patent/US6878687B1/en
Priority to US09/981,876 priority patent/US7053190B2/en
Priority to US10/472,533 priority patent/US20050197285A1/en
Priority to US10/100,683 priority patent/US7368531B2/en
Priority to US10/664,357 priority patent/US20070055056A1/en
Priority to US10/664,356 priority patent/US20070015696A1/en
Priority to US10/979,111 priority patent/US20050215775A1/en
Priority to US11/001,793 priority patent/US7411051B2/en
Priority to US11/346,470 priority patent/US20060223088A1/en
Priority to US11/366,486 priority patent/US20060246483A1/en
Priority to US11/366,980 priority patent/US20060223090A1/en
Priority to US11/687,755 priority patent/US20080103090A1/en
Priority to US11/689,173 priority patent/US20070224663A1/en
Priority to US11/751,886 priority patent/US20070238664A1/en
Priority to US12/198,817 priority patent/US7968689B2/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4702—Regulators; Modulating activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4718—Cytokine-induced proteins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to newly identified polynucleotides and the polypeptides encoded by these polynucleotides, uses of such polynucleotides and polypeptides, and their production.
  • sorting signals are amino acid motifs located within the protein, to target proteins to particular cellular organelles.
  • One type of sorting signal directs a class of proteins to an organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
  • ER endoplasmic reticulum
  • the ER separates the membrane-bounded proteins from all other types of proteins. Once localized to the ER, both groups of proteins can be further directed to another organelle called the Golgi apparatus.
  • the Golgi distributes the proteins to vesicles, including secretory vesicles, the cell membrane, lysosomes, and the other organelles. Proteins targeted to the ER by a signal sequence can be released into the extracellular space as a secreted protein.
  • vesicles containing secreted proteins can fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular space - a process called exocytosis. Exocytosis can occur constitutively or after receipt of a triggering signal. In the latter case, the proteins are stored in secretory vesicles (or secretory granules) until exocytosis is triggered. Similarly, proteins residing on the cell membrane can also be secreted into the extracellular space by proteolytic cleavage of a "linker" holding the protein to the membrane.
  • the present invention relates to novel polynucleotides and the encoded polypeptides. Moreover, the present invention relates to vectors, host cells, antibodies, and recombinant methods for producing the polypeptides and polynucleotides. Also provided are diagnostic methods for detecting disorders related to the polypeptides, and therapeutic methods for treating such disorders. The invention further relates to screening methods for identifying binding partners of the polypeptides.
  • isolated refers to material removed from its original environment (e.g., the natural environment if it is naturally occurring), and thus is altered “by the hand of man” from its natural state.
  • an isolated polynucleotide could be part of a vector or a composition of matter, or could be contained within a cell, and still be “isolated” because that vector, composition of matter, or particular cell is not the original environment of the polynucleotide.
  • a "secreted” protein refers to those proteins capable of being directed to the ER, secretory vesicles, or the extracellular space as a result of a signal sequence, as well as those proteins released into the extracellular space without necessarily containing a signal sequence. If the secreted protein is released into the extracellular space, the secreted protein can undergo extracellular processing to produce a "mature" protein. Release into the extracellular space can occur by many mechanisms, including exocytosis and proteolytic cleavage.
  • a "polynucleotide” refers to a molecule having a nucleic acid sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA contained within the clone deposited with the ATCC.
  • the polynucleotide can contain the nucleotide sequence of the full length cDNA sequence, including the 5' and 3' untranslated sequences, the coding region, with or without the signal sequence, the secreted protein coding region, as well as fragments, epitopes, domains, and variants of the nucleic acid sequence.
  • a "polypeptide” refers to a molecule having the translated amino acid sequence generated from the polynucleotide as broadly defined.
  • the full length sequence identified as SEQ ID NO:X was often generated by overlapping sequences contained in multiple clones (contig analysis).
  • a representative clone containing all or most of the sequence for SEQ ID NO:X was deposited with the American Type Culture Collection ("ATCC"). As shown in Table 1, each clone is identified by a cDNA Clone ID (Identifier) and the ATCC Deposit Number. The ATCC is located at 12301 Park Lawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. The ATCC deposit was made pursuant to the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for purposes of patent procedure.
  • a “polynucleotide” of the present invention also includes those polynucleotides capable of hybridizing, under stringent hybridization conditions, to sequences contained in SEQ ID NO:X, the complement thereof, or the cDNA within the clone deposited with the ATCC.
  • Stringent hybridization conditions refers to an overnight incubation at 42°
  • nucleic acid molecules that hybridize to the polynucleotides of the present invention at lower stringency hybridization conditions. Changes in the stringency of hybridization and signal detection are primarily accomplished through the manipulation of formamide concentration (lower percentages of formamide result in lowered stringency); salt conditions, or temperature.
  • washes performed following stringent hybridization can be done at higher salt concentrations (e.g. 5X SSC).
  • blocking reagents include Denhardt's reagent, BLOTTO, heparin, denatured salmon sperm DNA, and commercially available proprietary formulations.
  • the inclusion of specific blocking reagents may require modification of the hybridization conditions described above, due to problems with compatibility.
  • polynucleotide which hybridizes only to polyA-f- sequences (such as any 3' terminal polyA+ tract of a cDNA shown in the sequence listing), or to a complementary stretch of T (or U) residues, would not be included in the definition of "polynucleotide," since such a polynucleotide would hybridize to any nucleic acid molecule containing a poly (A) stretch or the complement thereof (e.g., practically any double-stranded cDNA clone).
  • the polynucleotide of the present invention can be composed of any polyribonucleotide or polydeoxribonucleotide, which may be unmodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA.
  • polynucleotides can be composed of single- and double-stranded DNA, DNA that is a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions, single- and double-stranded RNA, and RNA that is mixture of single- and double-stranded regions, hybrid molecules comprising DNA and RNA that may be single-stranded or, more typically, double-stranded or a mixture of single- and double- stranded regions.
  • the polynucleotide can be composed of triple-stranded regions comprising RNA or DNA or both RNA and DNA.
  • a polynucleotide may also contain one or more modified bases or DNA or RNA backbones modified for stability or for other reasons.
  • Modified bases include, for example, tritylated bases and unusual bases such as inosine.
  • polynucleotide embraces chemically, enzymatically, or metabolically modified forms.
  • the polypeptide of the present invention can be composed of amino acids joined to each other by peptide bonds or modified peptide bonds, i.e., peptide isosteres, and may contain amino acids other than the 20 gene-encoded amino acids.
  • the polypeptides may be modified by either natural processes, such as posttranslational processing, or by chemical modification techniques which are well known in the art. Such modifications are well described in basic texts and in more detailed monographs, as well as in a voluminous research literature. Modifications can occur anywhere in a polypeptide, including the peptide backbone, the amino acid side-chains and the amino or carboxyl termini.
  • polypeptides may be branched , for example, as a result of ubiquitination, and they may be cyclic, with or without branching. Cyclic, branched, and branched cyclic polypeptides may result from posttranslation natural processes or may be made by synthetic methods.
  • Modifications include acetylation, acylation, ADP-ribosylation, amidation, covalent attachment of flavin, covalent attachment of a heme moiety, covalent attachment of a nucleotide or nucleotide derivative, covalent attachment of a lipid or lipid derivative, covalent attachment of phosphotidylinositol, cross-linking, cyclization, disulfide bond formation, demethylation, formation of covalent cross-links, formation of cysteine, formation of pyroglutamate, formylation, gamma-carboxylation, glycosylation, GPI anchor formation, hydroxylation, iodination, methylation, myristoylation, oxidation, pegylation, proteolytic processing, phosphorylation, prenylation, racemization, selenoylation, sulfation, transfer-RNA mediated addition of amino acids to proteins such as arginylation, and ubiquitination. (See, for instance,
  • SEQ ID NO:X refers to a polynucleotide sequence while “SEQ ID NO:Y” refers to a polypeptide sequence, both sequences identified by an integer specified in Table 1.
  • a polypeptide having biological activity refers to polypeptides exhibiting activity similar, but not necessarily identical to, an activity of a polypeptide of the present invention, including mature forms, as measured in a particular biological assay, with or without dose dependency. In the case where dose dependency does exist, it need not be identical to that of the polypeptide, but rather substantially similar to the dose-dependence in a given activity as compared to the polypeptide of the present invention (i.e., the candidate polypeptide will exhibit greater activity or not more than about 25-fold less and, preferably, not more than about tenfold less activity, and most preferably, not more than about three-fold less activity relative to the polypeptide of the present invention.)
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 1 shares sequence homology with alpha-L- fucosidase which is thought to be important as a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes fucose from fucoglycoconjugates.
  • Lysosome fructosidase is involved in certain lysosome storage diseases.
  • Fucosidosis an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by progressive neurological deterioration and mental retardation.
  • the disease results from deficient activity of alpha-L-fucosidase, a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes fucose from fucoglycoconjugates.
  • This gene likely encodes a novel fucosidase isoenzyme. Based on homology, it is likely that the translated product of this gene is also involved in lysosome catabolism of molecules and that aberrations in the concentration and/or composition of this product may be causative in lysosome storage disorders.
  • Preferred polypeptide fragments comprise the amino acid sequence PGHLLPHKWENC (SEQ ID NO: 257).
  • Gene NO: 1 is expressed primarily in stromal cells, and to a lesser extent in human fetal kidney and human tonsils.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, fucosidosis and other lysosome storage disorders.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to the polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., stromal cells, kidney, tonsils, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • Gene NO: 1 The tissue distribution and homology of Gene NO: 1 to alpha-L-mcosidase indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 1 are useful for the treatment of fucosidosis and general lysosomal disorders.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 134 as residues: Met-1 to Leu-6, Thr-32 to Glu-39, Lys-80 to Lys-85, and Met-90 to Pro-96.
  • the translation product of Gene No. 2 shares sequence homology with stromal cell-derived factor-2 (SDF-2) which is a novel secreted factor.
  • SDF-2 stromal cell-derived factor-2
  • the amino acid sequence of SDF-2 shows similarity to yeast dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose: protein mannosyltransferases, Pmtlp [Strahl-Bolsinger et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 8164-8168 (1993)] and Pmt2p [Lussier et al. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 2770-2775 (1995)], whose activities have not been detected in higher eukaryotes. Based on the sequence similarity, the translation product of this gene is expected to share certain biological activities with SDF-2, Pmtlp and Pmt2p.
  • Gene NO: 2 is expressed primarily in immune system tissue and cancerous tissues, such as liver hepatoma, human B-cell lymphoma, spleen in a patient suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hemangiopericytoma, pharynx carcinoma, breast cancer, thyroid, bone marrow, osteoblasts and to a lesser extent in a few other tissues such as kidney pyramids.
  • cancerous tissues such as liver hepatoma, human B-cell lymphoma, spleen in a patient suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hemangiopericytoma, pharynx carcinoma, breast cancer, thyroid, bone marrow, osteoblasts and to a lesser extent in a few other tissues such as kidney pyramids.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of the diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, disorders in kidney, liver, and immune organs, particularly cancers.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissues and cell types e.g., liver, spleen, B-cells, pharynx, thyroid, mammary tissue, bone marrow, osteoblasts and kidneys, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology of Gene NO: 2 to stromal cell-derived factor-2 indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 2 are useful for diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of disorders in kidney, liver, and immune organs since stromal cells play important role in organ function.
  • Stroma carries the blood supply and provides support for the growth of parenchymal cells and is therefore crucial to the growth of a neoplasm.
  • Nucleic acids of the present invention comprise, but preferably do not consist of, and more preferably do not comprise, SEQ ID NO: 3 from US Patent No. 5,576,423, incorporated herein by reference, and shown herein as SEQ ID NO: 258).
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 135 as residues: His-56 to Gly-65, Ala-74 to Ser-80, Ile-84 to Pro-97, Leu- 124 to Glu- 129, Glu-135 to Asp-143, Gly-175 to Ser-180, and Ala- 194 to Thr-199.
  • Luman is a cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein/activating transcription factor 1 protein of the basic leucine zipper superfamily. It binds CREs in vitro and activates CRE-containing promoters when transfected into COS7 cells.
  • CRE cyclic AMP response element
  • Gene NO: 3 is expressed primarily in apoptotic T-cells and Soares senescent cells and to a lesser extent in multiple tissues and cell types, including, multiple sclerosis tissue, and hippocampus. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, immunologically mediated disorders, transplantation, immunodeficiency, and tumor necrosis. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells For a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune system and transplantation, expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., multiple sclerosis tissue, hippocampus, bone marrow and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., multiple sclerosis tissue, hippocampus, bone marrow and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • Gene NO: 3 The tissue distribution and homology of Gene NO: 3 to leucine zipper nucleic acid binding proteins indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 3 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of immunologically mediated disorders, transplantation, immunodeficiency, and tumor necrosis.
  • the secreted nucleic acid binding protein in the apoptotic tissues may be involved in the disposal of the DNA released by apoptotic cells.
  • the studies conducted in support of Luman suggest that the translation product of this gene may be used to identify transcriptional regulation elements which in turn are useful in modulation of immune function.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 136 as residues: Asn-7 to Ser-12, Tyr-32 to Gly-38, Pro-55 to Tyr-60, Glu-70 to Thr- 76, and Pro- 104 to Leu- 110.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 4 shares sequence homology with a number of tetraspan transmembrane surface molecules such as human metastasis tumor suppressor gene, CO-029 tumor associated antigen protein, CD53 hematopoietic antigen, human membrane antigen TM4 superfamily protein, metastasis controlling peptide, and human CD9 sequence, which are thought to be important in development of cancer, immune system development and functions.
  • tetraspan transmembrane surface molecules such as human metastasis tumor suppressor gene, CO-029 tumor associated antigen protein, CD53 hematopoietic antigen, human membrane antigen TM4 superfamily protein, metastasis controlling peptide, and human CD9 sequence, which are thought to be important in development of cancer, immune system development and functions.
  • Gnee NO: 4 is expressed primarily in cancers of several different tissues and to a lesser extent in normal tissue like prostate, skin and kidney.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancers and disorders of the immune system, prostate and kidney.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the kidney, skin, prostate and immune system
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., kidney, skin and prostate, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., kidney, skin and prostate, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • Gene NO: 4 The tissue distribution and homology of Gene NO: 4 to tetraspan transmembrane surface molecules such as human metastasis tumor suppressor gene, CO-029 tumor associated antigen protein, CD53 hematopoietic antigen, human membrane antigen TM4 superfamily protein, metastasis controlling peptide, and human CD9 sequence, indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 4 are involved with the cellular control of growth and differentiation. Therefore, the translation product of this gene is believed to be useful for diagnosis and treatment of neoplasia and disorders of the kidney, skin and prostate. For example, recombinant protein can be produced in transformed host cells for diagnostic and prognostic applications.
  • Alterations in the protein sequence are indicative of the presence of malignant cancer, or of a predisposition to malignancy, in a subject.
  • Gene therapy can be used to restore the wild-type gene product to a subject.
  • the antibodies are a useful tool for the identification of hematopoietic neoplasms, and may prove helpful for identifying morphologically poorly defined cells.
  • this protein can be used to isolate cognate receptors and ligands and identify potential agonists and antagonists using techniques known in the art.
  • the protein also has immunomodulatory activity, regulates hematopoiesis and stimulates growth and regeneration as a male/female contraceptive, increases fertility depending on activin and inhibin like activities.
  • the DNA can be used in genetic diagnosis or gene therapy, and for the production of recombinant protein. It can also be used to identify protein expressing cells, isolate related sequences, prepare primers for genetic fingerprinting and generate anti-protein or anti-DNA antibodies.
  • residues 1- 71 in the translation product for this gene are believed to be the extracellular domain.
  • polypeptide comprising residues 1-71 or derivatives (including fragments) or analogs thereof, are useful as a soluble polypeptide which may be routinely used therapeutically to antagonize the activities of the receptor.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 137 as residues: Lys-118 to Phe-127, Asn-145 to Ala- 160, and Thr-177 to Val-188.
  • Gene NO: 5 is expressed primarily in human testes.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, diseases of the testes including cancer and reproductive disorders.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue distribution of Gene NO: 5 indicates that the protein product of this gene is useful for treatment/diagnosis of diseases of the testes, particularly testicular cancer since expression is observed primarily in the testes.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 138 as residue: Gly-22 to Gln-30.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 6 shares sequence homology with GALNS (N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase) which is thought to be important in the storage of the glycosaminoglycans, keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. See Genbank accession no. gil618426. Based on the sequence similarity, the translation product of this gene is expected to share biological activities with GALNS.
  • GALNS N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase
  • Gene NO: 6 is expressed primarily in human bone marrow.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, storage disorders of glycosaminoglycans, keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, e.g., Morquio A syndrome.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, storage disorders of glycosaminoglycans, keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, e.g., Morquio A syndrome.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly involving cell storage disorder
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., bone marrow and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., bone marrow and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology of Gene NO: 6 to N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphatase indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 6 are useful for the treatment and diagnosis of storage disorders of glycosaminoglycans, keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate.
  • Such disorders are known in the art and include, e.g., Morquio A syndrome which is caused by an error of mucopolysaccharide metabolism with excretion of keratan sulfate in urine.
  • Morquio A syndrome is characterized by severe skeletal defects with short stature, severe deformity of spine and thorax, long bones with irregular epiphyses but with shafts of normal length, enlarged joints, flaccid ligaments, and waddling gait; autosomal recessive inheritance.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 139 as residues: Gly-29 to Pro-36 and Glu-57 to Leu-64.
  • Gene NO: 7 is expressed primarily in tumor cell lines derived from connective tissues including chondrosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, Wilm's tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma and to a lesser extent in a myeloid progenitor cell line, bone marrow, and placenta.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, various cancers involving the skeletal system and connective tissues in general, in particular at cartilage interfaces.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, various cancers involving the skeletal system and connective tissues in general, in particular at cartilage interfaces.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the skeletal system and various other tumor tissues
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., connective tissues and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., connective tissues and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • Gene NO: 7 The restricted tissue distribution and homology of Gene NO: 7 to carboxypeptidase E and mouse OSF-5 indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 7 are for processing of peptides to their mature form that may have various activities similar to the activities of neuropeptides but in the periphery.
  • the abundance of expression in cancer tissues indicates that aberrant expression and subsequent processing may play a role in the progression of malignancies, e.g., growth factor and/or adhesion factor activities.
  • the expression of this gene is restricted to connective tissues and embryonic tissues. Furthermore, it is overexpressed in cancers of these same tissues (i.e., in sarcomas).
  • hOSF-5 shares very strong sequence similarity with mOSF-5 which is a known bone growth factor and is thought to be useful in obtaining products for the diagnosis and treatment of bone metabolic diseases, e.g., osteoporosis and Paget's disease.
  • the translation product of this gene is believed to be a bone-specific carboxypeptidase which acts as an adhesion molecule/growth factor and takes part in osteogenesis at the site of bone induction.
  • hOSF-5 can, therefore, be used to treat bone metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, Paget's disease, osteomalacia, hyperostosis or osteopetrosis.
  • hOSF-5 can be used to stimulate the regeneration of bone at the site of mechanical damage, e.g., accidentally or surgically caused fractures.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • Gene NO: 8 is expressed primarily in bone marrow, and to a lesser extent in an erythroleukemia cell line.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, hematological disorders including cancer and anemia.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells For a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune and hematologic systems, expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., bone marrow, kidney, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., bone marrow, kidney, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 8 are useful as a growth factor for hematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells, e.g., in the treatment of bone marrow stem cell loss in chemotherapy patients and in the treatment of kidney disease.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • Gene NO: 9 is expressed primarily in neutrophils.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the cell type present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, inflammatory diseases.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the cell type indicated.
  • tissue or cell types e.g., neutrophils, bone marrow, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 9 are useful for immune modulation or as a growth factor to stimulate neutrophil differentiation or proliferation that may be useful in the treatment of neutropenia.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 142 as residues: Thr-22 to Pro-37.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, diseases of the epidermis such as psoriasis or eczema or may be involved in the normal proliferation or differentiation of the epithelial cells or fibroblasts constituting the skin.
  • diseases of the epidermis such as psoriasis or eczema
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the skin
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., epidermis and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., epidermis and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 10 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions and as an aid in the healing of various epidermal injuries including wounds, and diabetic ulcers.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 143 as residues: Ser-3 to Ser-9 and Trp-27 to Glu-32.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 11 shares sequence homology with phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase (PLA2). See, for example, Genbank accession no. gill 90004.
  • PLA2 is involved in inflammation, where it is responsible for the conversion of cell membrane phospholipids into arachidonic acid.
  • Arachidonic acid in turn feeds into both the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways to produce leukotrienes (involved in chemotaxis, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability) and prostaglandins (responsible for vasodilation, potentiate edema, and increased pain).
  • PLA2 is implicated as a major factor
  • diseases in which PLA2 is implicated as a major factor include rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, ischemia, and thrombosis.
  • the inventors refer to the translation product of this gene as PLA2-like protein based on the sequence similarity. Furthermore, owing to the sequence similarity PLA2 and PLA2-like protein are expected to share certain biological activities.
  • Gene NO: 11 is expressed primarily in human cerebellum and in T-cells. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cerebellum disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, ischemia, and thrombosis. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., brain, bone marrow, T-cells, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 11 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of cerebellum disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, ischemia, and thrombosis.
  • This gene is also useful as a chromosome marker. It is believed to map to Chr.15, D15S118-D15S123.
  • Gene NO: 12 is expressed primarily in highly vascularized tissues such as placenta, uterus, tumors, fetal liver, fetal spleen and also in the C7MCF7 cell line treated with estrogen. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, endometriosis, endometritis, endometrial carcinoma, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and spleen-related diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the endometrium, liver and spleen
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., endometrium, liver, and spleen, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., endometrium, liver, and spleen, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 12 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the endometrium (such as endometrial carcinoma, endometriosis, and endometritis), liver diseases (such as primary hepatocellular carcinoma), and spleen-related diseases.
  • diseases of the endometrium such as endometrial carcinoma, endometriosis, and endometritis
  • liver diseases such as primary hepatocellular carcinoma
  • spleen-related diseases such as endometrial carcinoma, endometriosis, and endometritis
  • SEQ ID NO: 145 as residues: Ala-29 to Leu-35, Leu-50 to Ser-57, Glu-96 to Glu- 105, Asp- 140 to Asp- 148, and Asn- 191 to Ser- 197.
  • Gene NO: 13 is expressed primarily in B cell lymphoma and to a lesser extent in other tissues.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, B cell lymphoma; hematopoietic disorders; immune dysfunction.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., bone marrow and B-cells and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • Enhanced expression of this gene product in B cell lymphoma indicates that it may play a role in the proliferation of hematopoietic cells. It is also believed to be involved in the survival and/or differentiation of various hematopoietic lineages. Expression in lymphoma also indicates that it may be involved in other cancers and abnormal cellular proliferation.
  • the tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 13 are useful for the diagnosis and/or therapeutic treatment of hematopoietic disorders, particularly B cell lymphoma.
  • antagonists of this protein are useful to interfere with the progression of the disease. This protein is useful in assays for identifying such antagonists. Assays for identifying antagonists are known in the art and are described briefly elsewhere herein.
  • Preferred antagonists include antibodies and antisense nucleic acid molecules. Preferred are antagonists which inhibit B-cell proliferation.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 14 shares sequence homology with very low density lipoprotein receptor which is thought to be important in transport of lipoproteins. Owing to the sequence similarity the translation product of this gene is believed to share certain biological activities with VLDL receptors. Assaying such activity may be achieved by assays known in the art and set forth elsewhere herein.
  • This gene is expressed primarily in human synovium, umbilical vein endothelial cells, CD34+ cells, Jurkat cells, and HL60 cells, and to a lesser extent in thymus, meningioma, hypothalmus, adult testis, and fetal liver and spleen.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, atherosclerosis, ataxia malabsortion, vascular damage, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, atherosclerosis, ataxia malabsortion, vascular damage, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the cardiovascular and hematological systems
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., endothelium, thymus meningioma, hypothalmus, testes, liver, and spleen and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., endothelium, thymus meningioma, hypothalmus, testes, liver, and spleen and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e.,
  • tissue distribution in the vascular endothelial cells and homology to VLDL receptors indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 14 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis, ataxia malabsortion, and hyperlipidemia. These and other factors often result in other cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the presence of the gene product in cells of blood lineages indicates that it may be useful in hematopoietic regulation and hemostasis.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 147 as residues: Pro-39 to Ser-52, Trp-71 to Thr-76, and Pro-94 to His-100.
  • Gene NO: 15 shares sequence homology with kallikrein which is thought to be important in blood pressure and renal secretion. Furthermore, this gene has now been characterized as a novel hepatitis B virus X binding protein that inhibits viral replication. See, for example, J. Virol. 72 (3), 1737- 1743 (1998).
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, renovascular hypertension, renal secretion, electrolyte metabolism, toxemia of pregnancy.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., kidney, placenta, lung, endothelial cells, melanocytes, liver, and adipose tissue, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to kallikrein indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 15 are useful for treating renovascular hypertension, renal secretion, electrolyte metabolism, toxemia of pregnancy and hydronephrosis.
  • the protein expression in the organs like kidney, lung and vascular endothelial cells indicates the gene involvement in hemodynamic regulatory functions.
  • the translation product of this gene is also useful in the treatment of viral infection, particularly liver infection, and particularly hepatitis B virus(es).
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • Gene NO: 16 shares sequence homology with secretory component protein, immunoglobulins and their receptors which are thought to be important in immunological functions.
  • the amino acid sequence of secretory component protein can be accessed as accession no. pirlA02112, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Gene NO: 16 is expressed primarily in macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells and to a lesser extent in placenta and brain.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, inflammation and tumors.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells e.g., macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, plancenta and brain, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to immunoglobulins and secretory component protein indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 16 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of inflammation and bacterial infection, and other diseases where immunomodulation would be beneficial.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 149 as residues: Pro-37 to Cys-51, Gln-53 to Cys-60, Asn-99 to Gly-106, Gly-145 to Glu-151, and He- 159 to Ser- 164.
  • Gene NO: 17 The translation product of Gene NO: 17 is evolutionarily conserved and shares sequence homology with proteins from yeast and C. elegans. See, for example, Genbank accession no.gil746540. As is known in the art, strong sequence similarity to a secreted protein from C. elegans is predictive of cellular location of human proteins. Gene NO: 17 is expressed primarily in colon carcinoma cell lines, messangial cells, many tumors like T cell lymphoma, osteoclastoma, Wilm's tumor, adrenal gland tumor, testes tumor, synovial sarcoma, and to a lesser extent in placenta, lung and brain.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, rapidly growing/dividing cells such as cancerous tissue, including, colon carcinoma, lymphomas, and sarcomas.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., placenta, lung, brain, colon, messangial cells, adrenal gland, T-cells, testes, and lymph tissue, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • the tissue distribution in colon cancer and many other tumors indicates that the polynucleotides and polypeptides of Gene NO: 17 are useful for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic targeting.
  • the extracellular nature may contribute to solid tumor immunosuppression, angiogenesis and cell growth stimulation.
  • the tissue distribution of this gene in cells of the immune system indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 17 are useful for treatment, prophylaxis and diagnosis of immune and autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, transplant rejection, allergic reactions, arthritis, asthma, immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, and AIDS.
  • hematopoietic disorders such as graft versus host reaction, graft versus host disease, transplant rejection, myelogenous leukemia, bone marrow fibrosis, and myeloproliferative disease.
  • the protein can also be used to enhance or protect proliferation, differentiation and functional activation of hematopoietic progenitor cells such as bone marrow cells, which could be useful for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
  • the protein may also be useful to increase the proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes, which could be useful in the combat of a range of hematopoietic disorders including immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, and septicemia.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 150 as residues: Val- 131 to Asn- 136.
  • Gene NO: 18 The translation product of Gene NO: 18 shares sequence homology with immunoglobulin, which is thought to be important in immunoreactions. Gene NO: 18 is expressed primarily in macrophage. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, inflammation. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., macrophage and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution in macrophages and the weak homology to immunoglobin indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 18 are useful for diagnosing and treating immune response disorders, including inflammation, antigen presentation and immunosurveillance.
  • This gene has a wide range of tissue distribution, but is expressed primarily in normal prostate, synovial fibroblasts, brain amygdala depression, fetal bone and fetal cochlea, and to a lesser extent in adult retina, umbilical vein endothelial cells, atrophic endometrium, osteoclastoma, melanocytes, pancreatic carcinoma and smooth muscle. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancer metastasis, wound healing, tissue repair.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue(s) or cell type(s) e.g., brain, prostrate, fibroblasts, bone, cochlea, retina, endothelial cells, endometrium, pancreas and smooth muscle, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to proline-rich proteins indicates that the protein is a extracellular matrix protein or an ingredient of bodily fluid.
  • Polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 19 are useful for cancer metastasis intervention, tissue culture additive, bone modeling, wound healing and tissue repair.
  • Gene NO: 20 is expressed primarily in prostate cancer, leukocytes, meningima, adult liver, pancreas, brain, and to a lesser extent in lung.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, prostate cancers.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., prostate, leukocytes, memingima, liver, brain, pancreas and lung, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • Prostate cancer cell lines are known to be responsive to estrogen and androgen.
  • Gene NO: 20 appears to be influenced by both estrogen and androgen levels.
  • the prostate cancer tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 20 are is useful in the intervention and detection of prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 21 is identical to the human wnt-7a gene.
  • Wnt-7a is a secreted signaling molecule, thought to be important in signaling and the regulation of cell fate and pattern formation during embryogenesis.
  • knock out studies in mice have demonstrated that wnt7a plays a critical role in the development of the dorsal-ventral patterning in the developing limb, and to a lesser extent plays a role in the development of anterior-posterior patterning.
  • Overexpression of wnt7a can induce transformation of cultured mammary cells, suggesting that it is an oncogene. Expression of Gene NO: 21 has only been observed in testes.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, testicular cancer; abnormal limb development.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the testes or developing embryo.
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in the developing embryo or amniotic fluid taken from a pregnant individual and compared relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in the testes of patient suffering from testicular cancer and compared relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to mouse wnt7a indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 21 are useful to restore abnormal limb development in an affected individual. Furthermore, its oncogenic potential and tissue distribution indicates that it could serve as a diagnostic for testicular cancer.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 154 as residues: Gly-22 to Arg-28.
  • Gene NO: 22 is expressed primarily in fetal liver/spleen, breast, testes and placenta and to a lesser extent in brain, and a series of cancer tissues.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, immune disorders, brain diseases, male infertility, and disposition to pregnant miscarriages.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the immune system, hematopoietic system, and sexual organs
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., liver, spleen, testes, placenta, and brain, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., liver, spleen, testes, placenta, and brain, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder
  • tissue distribution of this gene indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 22 are useful as a marker for non- differentiated, dividing cells and hence could serve as an oncogenic marker. Its high expression in fetal liver, suggests an involvement in hematopoiesis and/or the immune system. Hence it is useful as a factor to enhance an individuals immune system, e.g., in individuals with immune disorders. It is also thought to affect the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of a number of hematopoietic cell lineages, including hematopoietic stem cells. Its disruption, e.g., mutation or altered expression, may also be a marker of immune disorder. Its expression in the testes, suggests it may be important in controlling male fertility. Expression of this gene in breast further reflects a role in immune function and immune surveillance (breast lymph node). This gene is believed to be useful as a marker for breast cancer.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • Gene NO: 23 is expressed primarily in bone marrow and brain (whole and fetal).
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, neurological, immune and hematopoietic disorders.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the central nervous and hematopoietic systems
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., bone marrow, brain, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., bone marrow, brain, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 23 are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the central nervous system (e.g. neuro-degenerative conditions, trauma, and behavior abnormalities) and hematopoiesis.
  • disorders related to the central nervous system e.g. neuro-degenerative conditions, trauma, and behavior abnormalities
  • hematopoiesis e.g. hematopoiesis.
  • the expression in fetal brain indicates a role for this gene product in diagnosis of predisposition to developmental defects of the brain.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • Gene NO: 24 is expressed primarily in smooth muscle, placenta, prostate, and osteoblasts.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cardiovascular pathologies.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., placenta, smooth muscle, prostrate, and osteoblasts, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 24 are useful for detection and treatment of neoplasias and developmental abnormalities associated with these tissues.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 157 as residues: Asn-21 to Thr-26.
  • Gene NO: 25 is expressed primarily in 12-week-old human embryos and prostate.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, prostate disorders (cancer).
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 25 are useful for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate disorders (such as cancer) and developmental abnormalities and fetal deficiencies.
  • the homology to PAMP-1 indicates that this gene and gene product are useful in detecting pregnancy.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 158 as residues: Pro-23 to Glu-28 and Ser-44 to Gly-55.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, reproductive and endocrine disorders, as well as testicular cancer.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells For a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the male reproductive and endocrine systems, expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., testes, and epididymis, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., testes, and epididymis, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • the tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 26 are useful for the treatment and diagnosis of conditions concerning proper testicular function (e.g., endocrine function, sperm maturation), as well as cancer. Therefore, this gene product is useful in the treatment of male infertility and/or impotence. This gene product is also useful in assays designed to identify binding agents as such agents (antagonists) are useful as male contraceptive agents. Similarly, the protein is believed to by useful in the treatment and/or diagnosis of testicular cancer.
  • the testes are also a site of active gene expression of transcripts that may be expressed, particularly at low levels, in other tissues of the body.
  • this gene product may be expressed in other specific tissues or organs where it may play related functional roles in other processes, such as hematopoiesis, inflammation, bone formation, and kidney function, to name a few possible target indications.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 159 as residues: Pro-24 to Gly-33 and Arg-70 to Gly-76.
  • Gene NO: 27 is expressed primarily in salivary gland tissue. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, immune disorders, diseases of the salivary gland. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells For a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune system, digestive system, expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., salivary gland, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., salivary gland, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • the tissue distribution and homology to salivary secreted protein indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 27 are useful for treatment of immune disorders and diagnostic uses related to secretion of protein in disease states.
  • the gene product can be used as an anti-microbial agent, an ingredient for oral or dental hygiene, treatment of xerostomia, sialorrhea, intervention for inflammation including parotitis, and an indication for tumors in the salivary gland (adenomas, carcinomas).
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 160 as residues: Asp-21 to Gly-28, Asp-30 to Glu-43, Glu-49 to Glu-62, and Thr-75 to Pro-83.
  • Gene NO: 28 is expressed primarily in human fetal heart tissue and to a lesser extent in olfactory tissue.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, immune, olfactory and cardiovascular disorders.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the immune, olfactory and vascular systems
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., olfactory tissue, and heart, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., olfactory tissue, and heart, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 28 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of immune, olfactory and vascular disorders.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • Gene NO: 29 is expressed primarily in brain and to a lesser degree in activated macrophages, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and some bone cancers.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of brain and endothelial present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, neurodegeneration, inflammation and other immune disorders, fibrotic conditions.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification brain, smooth muscle, and endothelium.
  • tissue or cell types e.g., brain, endothelial cells, macrophages, smooth muscle, and bone, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • Tissue distribution suggests polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 29 are useful in study and treatment of neurodegenerative and immune disorders.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 162 as residues: Asn- 18 to Glu-20, Ser-33 to Gln-48, Cys-55 to Ser-56, Pro-67 to Cys-69.
  • Gene NO: 30 is expressed primarily in early stage human brain and to a lesser extent in cord blood, heart, and some tumors.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of developing CNS tissue present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the nervous and immune systems
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., brain and heart, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., brain and heart, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 30 are useful for the treatment of cancer and of neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders.
  • Gene NO: 31 is expressed primarily in brain and thymus and to a lesser extent in several other organs and tissues including the hematopoietic system, liver skin and bone
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, CNS disorders, hematopoietic system disorders, disorders of the endocrine system, bone, and skin.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, CNS disorders, hematopoietic system disorders, disorders of the endocrine system, bone, and skin.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 31 are useful for treatment and diagnosis of CNS disorders, hematopoietic system disorders, disorders of the endocrine system, and of bone and skin.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 164 as residues: Thr-35 to Arg-40, Pro-55 to His-75, Pro-93 to Ala-98, Ala-111 to Pro- 119, and Pro- 132 to Glu- 138.
  • Gene NO: 32 is expressed primarily in organs and tissue of the nervous system and to a lesser extent in various developing tissues and organs.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, disorders of the central nervous system and disorders of developing and growing tissues and organs.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue of the nervous system and cancerous and wounded tissues e.g., tissue of the nervous system and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • the tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 32 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the central nervous system, general neurological diseases and neoplasias.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 165 as residues: Ser-33 to Lys-41 and Glu-86 to Glu-91.
  • Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. Phosphopantetheine is attached to a serine residue in these proteins. ACP proteins or domains have been found in various enzyme systems which are listed below.
  • Fatty acid synthetase which catalyzes the formation of long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH.
  • Bacterial and plant chloroplast FAS are composed of eight separate subunits which correspond to the different enzymatic activities; ACP is one of these polypeptides.
  • Fungal FAS consists of two multifunctional proteins, FAS 1 and FAS 2; the ACP domain is located in the N-terminal section of FAS2.
  • Vertebrate FAS consists of a single multifunctional enzyme; the ACP domain is located between the beta-ketoacyl reductase domain and the C-terminal thioesterase domain. Based on the presence of a phosphopantetheine binding site in the translation product of this gene, it is believed to share activities fatty acid synthetase polypeptides. Such activities may be assayed by methods known in the art.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancer and disorders of developing tissues and organs.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., embryonic tissue, endometrium, B-cells, and T-cells, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • the tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 33 are useful for treatment and diagnosis of cancer in the hematopoietic system developing organs and tissues. It may also be useful for induction of cell growth in disorders of the hematopoietic system and other tissue and organs.
  • the homology to fatty acid synthetases indicates that this gene product is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of lipid metabolism disorders such as hyperlipidemia.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 166 as residues: Arg-27 to Glu-34.
  • Gene NO: 34 is expressed primarily in breast and testes tissues and to a lesser extent in hematopoietic tissues including tonsils, T cells and monocytes. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, diseases of the reproductive organs and systems, including cancer, autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., hemotopoietic cells, T-cells and monocytes, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • Nucleic acids comprising sequence of this gene are also useful as chromosome markers since this gene maps to Chr.15, D15S118-D15S123.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 34 are useful for treatment of diseases of the reproductive organs and hematopoietic system including cancer, autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases .
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • Cytokines are secreted proteins that regulate important cellular responses such as proliferation and differentiation. Key events in cytokine signal transduction are well defined: cytokines induce receptor aggregation, leading to activation of members of the JAK family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. In turn, members of the STAT family of transcription factors are phosphorylated, dimerize and increase the transcription of genes with STAT recognition sites in their promoters. Less is known of how cytokine signal transduction is switched off.
  • Gene NO: 35 is expressed primarily in tissues of hematopoietic origin including activated monocytes, neutrophils, activated T-cells and to a lesser extent in breast, adipose tissue and dendritic cells. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, diseases of the hematopoietic system including cancer autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., hematopoietic cells and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to cytokine inducible inhibitor of signaling indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 35 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the hematopoietic system including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases and neoplasia.
  • diseases of the hematopoietic system including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases and neoplasia.
  • administration of, or upregulation of this gene could by used to decrease the response of immune-system to lymphokines and cytokines.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 168 as residues: Arg-23 to His-30, Ala-35 to Gly-42.
  • Gene NO: 36 is expressed primarily in infant brain and to a lesser extent in osteoclastoma, placenta, and a wide variety of other tissues. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, neurological disorders. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., osteoclastoma, placenta, and tissue of the central nervous system, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 36 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disorders.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 169 as residues: Gln-31 to Ser-37, Ile-49 to Gly-54, Tyr-57 to Asp-67, Gln-141 to Pro-151, and Val-207 to Thr-219.
  • Gene NO: 37 is expressed primarily in osteoclastoma stromal cells, dendritic cells, liver, and placenta. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancer, wound, pathological conditions. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cell types e.g., stromal cells, dendritic cells, liver, and placenta and, cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 37 are useful for fundamental role in basic growth and development of human.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 170 as residues: Leu-32 to Thr-37 and Arg-48 to Pro-55.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 38 shares sequence homology with a yeast protein, LpelOp, which may be involved in mRNA processing. (See Accession Nos. 2104457 and 1079682.) It is likely that an upstream signal sequence exists, other than the predicted sequence described in Table 1.
  • Preferred polypeptide fragments comprise the open reading frame upstream from the predicted signal sequence, as well as polynucleotide fragments encoding these polypeptide fragments.
  • This gene is expressed primarily in skin, and to a lesser extent in embryonic tissues, and fetal liver.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, defects of the skin.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 38 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of defects of the skin.
  • Gene NO: 39 is expressed primarily in Amygdala, activated monocytes, testis, and fetal liver. Moreover, this gene is mapped to chromosome 4. Thus, polynucleotides of the present invention can be used in linkage analysis as markers for chromosome 4.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, defects of the brain, immune system and testis.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., Amygdala, monocytes, testes, and liver and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 39 are useful for detecting defects of the brain, immune system and testis because of its abundance in these tissues.
  • Gene NO: 40 shares sequence homology with lymphoma 3-encoded protein (bcl-3) which is thought to contribute to leukemogenesis when abnormally expressed. This gene is expressed primarily in Human Neutrophils, and to a lesser extent in
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., neutrophils, osteoclastoma, and kidney, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to lymphoma 3-encoded protein indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 40 are useful for treatment of lymphoma and related cancers.
  • Gene NO: 41 is expressed primarily in ovary tumor, and to a lesser extent in endometrial stromal cells and fetal brain.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, ovarian or endometrial cancer.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 41 are useful for development of factors involved in ovarian or endometrial and general reproductive organ disorders.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 174 as residues: Glu-22 to Trp-31, Asn-84 to Asp-90, and Ser- 144 to Asp- 151.
  • the translation product of Gene 42 has sequence identity with a gene designated PTHrP(B).
  • the PTHrP(B) polypeptide inhibits parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) activity.
  • This gene is expressed primarily in adult testis, and to a lesser extent in pituitary.
  • polypeptides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of male reproductive disorders.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • nucleic acids and polypeptides of the present invention may be used to diagnose or treat such conditions as hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, and disorders related to calcium metabolism.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 42 are useful for treatment of male reproductive disorders, hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, and other disorders related to calcium metabolism.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 175 as residues: Tyr-81 to Met-86, Gly- 103 to Ser-108, Glu- 127 to Pro-128, Pro-175 to Ser-180, Glu-196 to Lys-203, Pro-235 to Ser-241, and Ala-249 to Ser-264.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 43 shares sequence homology with brevican, which is thought to be important as a proteoglycan core protein of the aggrecan/versican family.
  • the translation product of this gene may also contain a hyaluronan (HA)-binding region domain in frame with, but downstream of, the predicted open reading frame (Barta, et al., Biochem. J. 292:947-949 (1993)).
  • the HA-binding domain also termed the link domain, is found in proteins of vertebrates that are involved in the assembly of extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and migration. It is about 100 amino acids in length.
  • the structure has been shown to consist of two alpha helices and two antiparallel beta sheets arranged around a large hydrophobic core similar to that of C-type lectin.
  • This domain typically contains four conserved cysteines involved in two disulfide bonds. This gene is expressed primarily in early stage human brain and to a lesser extent in frontal cortex and epileptic tissues.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of disorders associated with, or observed during, neuronal development.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful as immunological probes for differential identification of neuronal and associated tissues and cell types.
  • tissue distribution and homology to brevican indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 43 are useful for neuronal regulation and signaling.
  • the uses include directing or inhibiting axonal growth for the treatment of neuro-fibromatosis and in detection of glioses.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 176 as residues: Asp-28 to Arg-33 and Arg-126 to Arg-131.
  • Gene NO: 44 is the human homolog of Notch-2 (Accession No. 477495) and mouse EGF repeat transmembrane protein (Accession No. 1336628), both genes are important in differentiation and development of an organism.
  • the EGF repeat transmembrane protein is regulated by insulin like growth factor Type I receptor. These proteins are involved in cell-cell signaling and cell fate determination. Based on homology, it is likely that this gene products also involved in cell differentiation and development.
  • the predicted signal sequence is indicated in Table 1, it is likely that a second signal sequence is located further upstream. Moreover, further translated coding regions are likely found downstream from the disclosed sequence, which can easily be obtained using standard molecular biology techniques.
  • a frameshift occurs somewhere around nucleotide 714, causing a frame shift in amino acid sequence from frame +2 to frame +3.
  • Preferred polynucleotide fragments comprise nucleotides 146-715, 281-715, and 714-965.
  • Other preferred polypeptide fragments comprise the following EGF-like motifs:
  • CRCASGFTGEDC SEQ ID NO:260
  • CTCQVGFTGKEC SEQ ID NO.261
  • CLNLPGSYQCQC SEQ ID NO:262
  • CKCLTGFTGQKC SEQ ID NO:263
  • CQCLQGFTGQYC SEQ IDNO:264
  • Gene NO: 44 is expressed primarily in placenta and to a lesser extent in stromal and immune cells.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, hemophelia and other blood disorders, central nervous system disorders, muscle disorders, and any other disorder resulting from abnormal development.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, hemophelia and other blood disorders, central nervous system disorders, muscle disorders, and any other disorder resulting from abnormal development.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., placenta, stromal and immune cells and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to Notch-2 indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 44 are useful for diagnosing and treating disorders relating to abnormal regulation of cell fate, induction, and differentiation of cells (e.g., cancer), epidermal growth factors, axonal pathfinding, and hematopoiesis.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • the translation product of this gene shares sequence homology with Laminin A which is thought to be important in the binding of epithelial cells to basement membrane and is associated with tumor invasion. Moreover, the translated protein is homologous to the Drosophila LAMA gene (Accession No. 1314864), a gene expressed in the first optic ganglion of Drosophila. Thus, it is likely that the gene product from this gene is involved in the development of the eye. Nucleotide fragments comprising nucleotides 822-1223, 212-475, 510-731, and 1677-1754 are preferred. Also preferred are the polypeptide fragments encoded by these polynucleotide fragments. It is likely that a frame shift occurs somewhere between nucleotides 475 to 510, shifting the open reading frame from +2 to +3. However, the open reading frame can be clarified using known molecular biology techniques.
  • This gene is expressed primarily in human testes tumor and to a lesser extent in placenta and activated monocytes.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, invasive cancers or tumors of the epithelium, as well as disorders relating to eye development.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful as immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., testes, placenta, and monocytes and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • the tissue distribution and homology to Laminin A indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 45 are useful for study and diagnosis of malignant or benign tumors, fibrotic disorders, and eye disorders.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 178 as residues: Met-1 to Gly-8, Glu-32 to Ala-37, Met-113 to Asn-119, and Glu-139 to Gin- 153.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 46 is novel and shares sequence homology with the product of the Drosophila tissue polarity gene frizzled.
  • the Drosophila frizzled protein is thought to transmit polarity signals across the plasma membrane of epidermal cells.
  • the structure of frizzled proteins suggest that they may function as a G-protein-coupled receptor.
  • the frizzled proteins are thought to represent receptors for Wnt gene products - secreted proteins that control tissue differentiation and the development of embryonic and adult structures. Inappropriate expression of Wnts has also been demonstrated to contribute to tumor formation.
  • mammalian secreted frizzled related proteins are thought to regulate apoptosis.
  • the human homolog has also been recently cloned by other groups. (See Accession No. H2415415.)
  • the protein encoded by this gene plays a role in mediating tissue differentiation, proliferation, tumorigenesis and apoptosis.
  • Preferred polypeptide fragments lack the signal sequence as described in Table 1, as well as N-terminal and C-terminal deletions.
  • Preferred polynucleotide fragments encode these polypeptide fragments.
  • Gene NO: 46 is expressed primarily in fetal tissues - particularly fetal lung - and adult cancers, most notably pancreas tumor and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Together, this distribution is consistent with expression in tissues undergoing active proliferation. The gene is also expressed to a lesser extent in other organs, including stomach, prostate, and thymus.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancer (particularly pancreatic cancer and/or Hodgkin's lymphoma), as well as other forms of aberrant cell proliferation.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancer (particularly pancreatic cancer and/or Hodgkin's lymphoma), as well as other forms of aberrant cell proliferation.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the immune system and hyperproliferative disorders
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., fetal tissue, pancreas, and tissue of the immune system, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., fetal tissue, pancreas, and tissue of the immune system, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • the tissue distribution and homology to frizzled indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 46 are useful for influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
  • the full-length protein or a truncated domain could potentially bind to and regulate the function of specific factors, such as Wnt proteins or other apoptotic genes, and thereby inhibit uncontrolled cellular proliferation.
  • Expression of this protein within a cancer - such as via gene therapy or systemic administration - could effect a switch from proliferation to differentiation, thereby arresting the progression of the cancer.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 179 as residues: Pro-31 to Arg-37.
  • Gene NO: 47 is expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells and tissues, including macrophages, eosinophils, CD34 positive cells, T-cells, and spleen. It is also expressed to a lesser extent in brain and spinal cord.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, tumors of a hematopoietic origin, graft rejection, wounding, inflammation, and allergy.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, tumors of a hematopoietic origin, graft rejection, wounding, inflammation, and allergy.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., hematopoietic cells, and tissues and cells of the immune system, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to the Rh/T2/S-glycoprotein family of ribonuclease-encoding genes indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 47 are useful as a cytotoxin that could be directed against specific cell types (e.g. cancer cells; HIV- infected cells), and that would be well tolerated by the human immune system.
  • specific cell types e.g. cancer cells; HIV- infected cells
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 180 as residues: Ala-24 to Asp-30, Ile-51 to Tyr-61, Pro-69 to Ser-78, Pro- 105 to Phe- 110, Asn-129 to Phe-135, Pro-187 to Glu-192, Lys-205 to Gln-224, and Pro-250 to His-256.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 48 shares sequence homology with dolichyl-phosphate glucosyltransferase, a transmembrane-bound enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum which is thought to be important in N-linked glycosylation, by catalyzing the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to dolichyl phosphate. (See Accession No. 535141.) Based on homology, it is likely that this gene product also play a role similar in humans.
  • Preferred polynucleotide fragments comprise nucleotides 132-959. Also preferred are the polypeptide fragments encoded by this nucleotide fragment.
  • Gene NO: 48 is expressed primarily in endothelial cells and to a lesser extent in hematopoietic cells and brain.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, defects in proper N-linked glycosylation of proteins, such as Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome; tumors of an endothelial cell origin.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, defects in proper N-linked glycosylation of proteins, such as Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome; tumors of an endothelial cell origin.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell tpes e.g., endothelial cells, hematopoietic cells, and brain, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to dolichyl-phosphate glucosyltransferase indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 48 are useful in diagnosing and treating defects in N-linked glycosylation pathways that contribute to disease conditions and/or pathologies.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 181 as residues: Lys-50 to Thr-55, Ser-73 to Arg-79, Glu-92 to Pro-99, Asp-110 to Ser-117, Gln-125 to Lys-131, Gly-179 to Asn-188, Ile-231 to Cys-236, and Glu-318 to Asn-324.
  • Gene NO: 49 is expressed primarily in brain, most notably in the hypothalamus and amygdala. This gene is also mapped to chromosome X, and therefore, can be used in linkage analysis as a marker for chromosome X.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, tumors of a brain origin; neurodegenerative disorders, and sex-linked disorders.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the brain
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., brain and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., brain and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 49 are useful for the diagnosis of tumors of a brain origin, and the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and sex- linked disorders.
  • the translation product Gene NO: 50 shares sequence homology with canine phospholemman, a major plasma membrane substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinases A and C. (See Accession No. M63934; see also Accession No. A40533.) In fact, a group also recently cloned the human phospholemman gene, and mapped this gene to chromosome 19. (See Accession No.1916010.) Phospholemman is a type I integral membrane protein that gets phosphorylated in response to specific extracellular stimuli such as insulin and adrenalin. Phospholemman forms ion channels in the cell membrane and appears to regulate taurine transport, suggesting an involvement in cell volume regulation.
  • phospholemman is a member of a superfamily of membrane proteins, characterized by single transmembrane domains, which function in transmembrane ion flux. They are capable of linking signal transduction to the regulation of such cellular processes as the control of cell volume.
  • Gene No 50 is expressed primarily in fetal liver and to a lesser extent in adult brain and kidney, as well as other organs.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, insulin and/or adrenalin defects; diabetes; aberrant ion channel signaling; defective taurine transport; and defects in cell volume regulation.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, insulin and/or adrenalin defects; diabetes; aberrant ion channel signaling; defective taurine transport; and defects in cell volume regulation.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the brain and/or immune system
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., liver, brain, and kidney, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., liver, brain, and kidney, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to phospholemman indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 50 are useful for treatment of disorders involving the transport of ions and small molecules, in particular taurine. It could also be beneficial for control of pathologies or diseases wherein aberrancies in the control of cell volume are a distinguishing feature, due to the predicted role for phospholemman in the normal control of cell volume. It also may play a role in disorders involving abnormal circulating levels of insulin and/or adrenalin - along with other active secreted molecules - as revealed by its phosphorylation upon stimulation with insulin or adrenalin.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • Gene NO: 52 is expressed primarily in metastic melanoma and to a lesser extent in infant brain. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancer and cancer metastasis. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells For a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., epidermis, and brain, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., epidermis, and brain, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 52 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.
  • Gene NO: 53 shares sequence homology with mucin which is thought to be important cell surface molecule. It also exhibits sequence identity with a calcium channel blocker of Agelenopsis aperta. In particular, with those calcium channel blockers which affect neuronal and muscle cells. Gene NO: 53 is expressed primarily in prostate, endothelial cells, smooth muscle and fetal tissues and to a lesser extent in T cells and placenta.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, prostate cancer, immune disorders, angina, hypertension, cardiomyopathies, supraventricular arrhythmia, oesophogeal achalasia, premature labour, and Raynaud's disease.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, prostate cancer, immune disorders, angina, hypertension, cardiomyopathies, supraventricular arrhythmia, oesophogeal achalasia, premature labour, and Raynaud's disease.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cell types e.g., prostrate, and tissue and cells of the immune system, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • the tissue distribution and homology to mucin indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 53 are useful as a surface antigen for diagnosis of diseases such as prostate cancer and as tumor vaccine.
  • Gene NO: 54 encodes a polypeptide which exhibits sequence identity with the rab receptor and VAMP-2 receptor proteins. (Martincic, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997).)
  • Gene NO: 54 is expressed primarily in placenta, fetal liver, osteoclastoma and smooth muscle and to a lesser extent in T cell, fetal lung and colon cancer. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancers, osteoporosis and immuno-related diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 54 are useful for treating cancer, osteoporosis and immuno-disorders .
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 187 as residues: Pro-16 to Phe-21, Pro-24 to Arg-35, Arg-92 to Pro-98, Asn-143 to Lys- 15 l, and Leu- 169 to He- 176.
  • Gene NO: 55 encodes a protein having sequence identity to the rat galanin receptor GALR2.
  • Gene NO: 55 is expressed primarily in ovarian cancer. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to those polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells For a number of disorders of the above tissues or cells, particularly of the immune system and reproductive system, expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., ovary, and tissues and cells of the immune system, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., ovary, and tissues and cells of the immune system, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • GALR2 antagonists can be used to treat obesity, bulimia, or Alzheimer's disease, while GALR2 agonists can be used to treat anorexia or pain, or to decrease nociception (claimed).
  • Agonists and antagonists can also be used to treat numerous other disorders, including cognitive disorders, sensory disorders, motion sickness, convulsion/epilepsy, hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, reproductive disorders, gastric and intestinal ulcers, inflammation, immune disorders, and anxiety.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 55 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
  • the predicted signal sequence of Gene NO: 56 relates to an open reading frame that is homologous to the mouse major histocompatibility locus class III. (See Accession No. 2564953.) Any frame shift mutations that alter the correct open reading frame can easily be clarified using known molecular biology techniques. Moreover, in the opposite orientation, a second translated product is disclosed. This second translation product of this contig is identical in sequence to intracellular protein lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this translated product have since been published by Stamps and colleagues (Biochem. J. 326 (Pt 2), 455-461 (1997)), West and coworkers (DNA Cell Biol. 6, 691-701
  • polypeptide fragments comprise the amino acid sequence:
  • PSAKYFFKMAFYNGWILFLAVLAIPVCAVRGRNVENMK ⁇ LRLMLLHIKYLYGI RVEVRGAHHFPPSQPYVVVSNHQSSLDLLGMMEVLPGRCVPIAKR SEQ ID NO:266
  • TVFREISTD SEQ ID NO:267
  • OR LWAGSAGWPAG SEQ ID NO: 268).
  • Gene NO: 56 is expressed primarily in infant adrenal gland, hypothalamus, 7 week old embryonic tissue, fetal lung, osteoclastoma stromal cells, and to a lesser extent in a large number of additional tissues.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of developmental disorders and osteoclastoma.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) in which it is highly expressed.
  • tissue and cell types e.g., adrenal, embryonic tissue, lung, and osteoclastomal stromal cells, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • expression of this protein can be used to alter the fatty acid composition of a given cell or membrane type.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 56 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of osteoclastoma and other bone and non-bone-related cancers, as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of developmental disorders.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 189 as residues: Gly-29 to Gly-36 and Tyr-49 to Tyr-58.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 57 shares sequence homology with longevity-assurance protein- 1. (See Accession No. gl 123105.)
  • Preferred polynucleotide fragments comprise nucleotides 6-125 and 118-432, as well as the polypeptides encoded by these polynucleotides. It is likely that a second signal sequence exists upstream from the predicted signal sequence in Table 1. Moreover, a frame shift likely occurs between nucleotides 118-125, which can be elucidated using standard molecular biology techniques.
  • Gene NO: 57 is expressed primarily in fetal liver, kidney, brain, thymus, and bone marrow.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, immunological diseases and hyperproliferative disorders.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissues or cells particularly of the fetal liver, kidney, brain, thymus,and bone marrow expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., liver, kidney, brain, thymus, and bone marrow, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., liver, kidney, brain, thymus, and bone marrow, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily
  • Gene NO: 57 encodes a protein useful in increasing life span and in replacement therapy for those suffering from immune system disorders or hyperproliferative disorders caused by underexpression or overexpression of this gene.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 190 as residues: Val-29 to Arg-46 and Gly-50 to Gly-56.
  • FEATURES OF PROTEIN ENCODED BY GENE NO: 58 Domains of the Gene NO: 58 product are homologous to porcine surfactant protein-A receptor. (See Accession No. B48516.)
  • the bovine gene binds surfactant protein- A receptor, modulating the secretion of alveolar surfactant. Based on this homology, the gene product encoded by this gene will likely have activity similar to the porcine gene.
  • Preferred polynucleotide fragments comprise nucleotides 887-1039, as well as the polypeptide fragments encoded by this nucleotide fragment.
  • Gene NO: 58 is expressed primarily in brain and to a lesser extent in endothelial cells. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, diseases of the central nervous system including dimentia, stroke, neurological disorders, respiratory distress, and diseases affecting the endothelium including inflammatory diseases, restenosis, and vascular diseases. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., brain, and endothelial cells, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 58 are useful for the diagnosis and /or treatment of diseases on the central nervous system, such as a factor that promote neuronal survival or protection, in the treatment of inflammatory disorders of the endothelium, or in disorders of the lung.
  • this protein may inhibit or promote angiogenesis and therefore is useful in the treatment of vascular disorders.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 191 as residues: His-66 to Pro-80, Gly-139 to Ser-146 and Ser-262 to Pro-267.
  • polypeptide fragments comprise the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase motif SILGIISVPLSIGYCASKHALRGFFNGLR (SEQ ID NO:269), as well as polynucleotides encoding this polypeptide fragment. Also preferred are polynucleotide fragments of 337-639, as well as the polypeptide fragments encoded by this polynucleotide fragment.
  • Gene NO: 59 is expressed primarily in liver, spleen, lung, brain, and prostate. Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cardiovascular, immunological, and renal disorders. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the cardiovascular, renal, and immune
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., liver, spleen, lung, brain, and prostrate, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to hypertension-induced protein indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 59 are useful for treating hypertension.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 192 as residues: Gln-40 to Glu-45, Glu-96 to Glu-102, Asn-256 to Thr-266, and Asp- 308 to Asp-317.
  • Gene NO: 60 is expressed primarily in activated T-cell and jurkat cell and to a lesser extent in apoptic T-cell and CD34+ cell. It is likely that alternative open reading frames provide the full length amino acid sequence, which can be verified using standard molecular biology techniques.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, T lymphocyte related diseases or hematopoiesis.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., T-cells and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 60 are useful for diagnosis or treatment of immune system disorders.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 61 a vacuolar proton- ATPase, shares sequence homology with a Caenorhabditis elegans protein which is thought to be important in development. This protein may be a human secretory homologue that may also influence embryo development. Ludwig, J., also recently cloned this gene from chromaffin granules. (See, Accession No. 2584788.) Although Table 1 indicates the predicted signal peptide sequence, the translated product of this gene may in fact start with the upstream methionine, beginning with the amino acid sequence MAYHGLTV (SEQ ID NO:270). Thus, polypeptides comprising this upstream sequence, as well as N-terminus deletions, are also contemplated in the present invention.
  • Gene NO: 61 is expressed primarily in human placenta, liver, and Hodgkin's Lymphoma and to a lesser extent in bone marrow. Modest levels of expression were also observed in dendritic cells. Therefore, polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, hyperproliferative disorders, defects in embryonic development, and diseases or disorders caused by defects in chromaffin granules. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly cancer
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., placenta, liver, lymph tissue, and bone marrow, and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., placenta, liver, lymph tissue, and bone marrow, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to Caenorhabditis elegans indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 61 are useful for diagnostic or therapeutic modalities for hyperproliferative disorders, embryonic development disorders, and chromaffin granules disorders.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 62 shares sequence homology with the murine LAG3 gene which is thought to be important in the mediation of natural killer cell (NK cell) activity as previously determined by experiments in mice containing null mutations of LAG3.
  • the similarity of this gene to the CD4 receptor may imply that the gene product may be a secreted, soluble receptor and immune mediator.
  • Gene NO: 62 is expressed primarily in human fetal heart, meningima, and to a lesser extent in tonsils. This gene also is expressed in the breast cancer cell line MDA 36.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, lymphomas, leukemias, breast cancer and any immune system dysfunction, including those dysfunctions which involve natural killer cell activities.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the immune system or breast cancer
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., heart, meningima, and tonsils and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., heart, meningima, and tonsils and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to the LAG3 gene indicates that the polynucleotides and polypeptides corresponding to Gene NO: 62 are useful for diagnostic and/or therapeutic modalities directed at abnormalities or disease states involving defective immune systems, preferably involving natural killer cell activity, as well as breast cancer.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 195 as residues: Pro-10 to Trp- 17, Cys-58 to Pro-67, Thr-76 to Glu-85, and Arg-93 to Asn-101.
  • Gene NO: 63 The translation product of Gene NO: 63 shares sequence homology with a Caenorhabditis elegans alpha-collagen gene (Clg), which is thought to be important in organism development, as well as other collagen genes. Thus, based on sequence homology, polypeptides of this gene are expected to have activity similar to collagen, including involvement in organ development.
  • Clg Caenorhabditis elegans alpha-collagen gene
  • Gene NO: 63 is expressed primarily in human B-Cell Lymphoma, and to a lesser extent in human pituitary tissue. This gene has also demonstrated expression in keratinocytes.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, B-Cell Lymphoma, other lymphomas, leukemias, and other cancers, as well as disorders related to development.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, B-Cell Lymphoma, other lymphomas, leukemias, and other cancers, as well as disorders related to development.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and/or cells of the immune system e.g., tissue and/or cells of the immune system, and pituitary, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to Caenorhabditis elegans alpha-collagen gene indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 63 are useful for development of diagnostic and/or therapeutic modalities directed at the detection and/or treatment of cancer, specifically B-Cell Lymphomas, leukemias, or diseases related to development.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 196 as residues: Thr-22 to Arg-27 and Ser-29 to Thr-39.
  • Gene NO: 64 The translation product of Gene NO: 64 shares sequence homology with human extracellular molecule olfactomedin, which is thought to be important in the maintenance, growth, or differentiation of chemosensory cilia on the apical dendrites of olfactory neurons. Based on this sequence homology, it is likely that polypeptides of this gene have activity similar to the olfactomedin, particularly the differentiation or proliferation of neurons.
  • Gene NO: 64 is expressed primarily in fetal lung tissue. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, diseases of the lung as well as neural development, particularly of the lung. Similarly, polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue or cells particularly of the pulmonary system
  • expression of this gene at significantly higher or lower levels may routinely be detected in certain tissues (e.g., lungs and cancerous and wounded tissues) or bodily fluids (e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid) or another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissues e.g., lungs and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to the olfactomedin family indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 64 are useful for the development of diagnostic and/or therapeutic modalities directed at detection and/or treatment of pulmonary disease states, e.g., cystic fibrosis.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 197 as residues: Gly- 17 to Gln-23, Gln-45 to Arg-50, Arg-56 to Lys-61, Glu-70 to Leu-76, Asp-88 to Glu-93, Pro- 117 to Met-131, Asp- 161 to Glu- 167, Arg-224 to Asn- 237, Asp-302 to Trp-312, Pro-315 to Asn-320, and Thr-337 to Ser-341.
  • Gene NO: 65 shares sequence homology with Saccharomyces cerevisiae hypothetical protein YKL166 (Accession No. gi/687880) which is thought to be important in secretory and/or vesicular transport mechanisms. Based on this homology, it is likely that the gene product would have similar activity to YKL166, particularly secretory or transport mechanisms.
  • Preferred polypeptide fragments of this gene include those fragments starting with the amino acid sequence ISAARV (SEQ ID NO:271) .
  • Other polypeptide fragments include the former fragment, which ends with the amino acid sequence PDVSEFMTRLF (SEQ ID NO:272).
  • polypeptide fragments include those polypeptide fragments comprising the amino acid sequence FDPVRVDITSKGKMRAR (SEQ ID NO:273). Also preferred are polypeptide fragments having exogenous signal sequences fused to the polypeptide. Gene No 65 is expressed primarily in placenta, testis, osteoclastoma and to a lesser extent in adrenal gland. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancer and/or diseases involving defects in protein secretion.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue(s) or cell type(s) e.g., placenta, testis, adrenal gland, and osteoclastoma, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to the yeast YKL1GG protein indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 65 are useful for the development of therapeutic and/or diagnostic modalities targeted at cancer or secretory anomalies, such as genetically caused secretory diseases.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 198 as residues: Ser- 18 to Ser-29 and Lys-53 to Arg-74.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 66 shares sequence homology with the human papilloma virus (HPV) E5 ORF region which is thought to be important as a secreted growth factor. Although this is described as a viral gene product, it is believed to have several cellular secretory homologues. Therefore, based on the sequence similarity between the HPV E5 ORF and the translated product of this gene, this gene product is likely to have activity similar to HPV E5 ORF.
  • HPV human papilloma virus
  • Gene NO: 66 is expressed primarily in activated T-Cells, monocytes, cerebellum and to a lesser extent in infant brain.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, cancer and/or human papilloma virus infection.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., brain, lymph tissue, monocytes, and T-cells and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • polynucleotides of this gene have been mapped to chromosome 1.
  • polynucleotides of the present invention can be used in linkage analysis as a marker for chromosome 1.
  • tissue distribution and homology to human papilloma virus E5 region indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 66 are useful for development of diagnostic and/or therapeutic modalities directed at the diagnosis and/or treatment of cancer and/or human papilloma virus infection (HPV).
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 199 as residues: Asn-31 to Arg-36 and Leu-102 to Ser-112.
  • the translation product of Gene NO: 67 shares sequence homology with the 8hs20 protein precursor [Mus musculus] which is thought to be important in B-Cell mu chain assembly. (See, Accession No. PID/dl002996; Shiraswa, T., EMBO. J. 12(5): 1827-1834 (1993).) A polypeptide fragment starting at amino acid 53 is preferred, as well as 1-20 amino acid N-terminus and/or C-terminus deletions. Based on the sequence similarity between 8hs20 protein and the translation product of this gene, the two polypeptides are expected to share certain biological activities, particularly immunologic activities.
  • Gene NO: 67 is expressed primarily in human B-cells and to a lesser extent in Hodgkin's Lymphoma. It is also likely that the polypeptide will be expressed in B-cell specific cells, bone marrow, and spleen, as is observed with 8hs20.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Common Variable Immunodeficiency, and/or other B-cell lymphomas.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Common Variable Immunodeficiency, and/or other B-cell lymphomas.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., bone marrow, spleen, lymph tissue, and B-cells, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution and homology to 8hs20 protein precursor [Mus musculus] indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 67 are useful for therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes, targeting Hodgkin's Lymphoma, B-cell lymphomas, Common Variable Immunodeficiency, or other immune disorders.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 200 as residues: Asp-51 to Trp-56, Arg-72 to Asp-85, and Gln-106 to Asp-112.
  • Gene NO: 68 is expressed primarily in fetal liver/spleen, rhabdomyosarcoma, and to a lesser extent in 9 week-old early stage human embryo and bone marrow. Therefore, polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, rhabdomyosarcoma and other cancers, hematopoietic disorders, and immune dysfunction.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue e.g., embryonic tissue, striated muscle, liver, spleen, and bone marrow, and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • the tissue distribution indicates that theprotein product of Gene NO: 68 is useful for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes directed to cancer, preferably rhabdomyosarcoma. Enhanced expression of this gene in fetal liver, spleen, and bone marrow indicates that this gene plays an active role in hematopoiesis.
  • Polypeptides or polynucleotides of the present invention may therefore help modulate survival, proliferation, and/or differentiation of various hematopoietic lineages, including the hematopoietic stem cell.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides can be used treat various hematopoietic disorders and influence the development and differentiation of blood cell lineages, including hematopoeitic stem cell expansion.
  • the polypeptide does contain a thioredoxin family active site at amino acids 64-82. Polypeptides comprising this thioredoxin active site are contemplated.
  • Gene NO: 69 is expressed primarily in liver and kidney and to a lesser extent in macrophages, uterus, placenta, and testes.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, renal disorders, neoplasms (e.g., soft tissue cancer, hepatacellular tumors), immune disorders, endocrine imbalances, and reproductive disorders.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, renal disorders, neoplasms (e.g., soft tissue cancer, hepatacellular tumors), immune disorders, endocrine imbalances, and reproductive disorders.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • tissue and cell types e.g., liver, kidney, uterus, placenta, testes, and macrophages and cancerous and wounded tissues
  • bodily fluids e.g., serum, plasma, urine, synovial fluid or spinal fluid
  • another tissue or cell sample taken from an individual having such a disorder, relative to the standard gene expression level, i.e., the expression level in healthy tissue or bodily fluid from an individual not having the disorder.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 69 are useful for diagnosis and treatment of disorders in the hepatic, urogenital, immune, and reproductive systems.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 202 as residues: Arg-41 to Ser-50, Glu-138 to Asn-148, Ser-155 to Arg-172, Pro-219 to Glu-228.
  • Gene NO: 70 is expressed primarily in the immune system, including macrophages, T-cells, and dendritic cells and to a lesser extent in fetal tissue.
  • polynucleotides or polypeptides of the invention are useful as reagents for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s) present in a biological sample and for diagnosis of diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, immune disorders, inflammatory diseases, lymph node disorders, fetal development, and cancers.
  • diseases and conditions which include, but are not limited to, immune disorders, inflammatory diseases, lymph node disorders, fetal development, and cancers.
  • polypeptides and antibodies directed to these polypeptides are useful in providing immunological probes for differential identification of the tissue(s) or cell type(s).
  • the polynucleotide is mapped to chromosome 19.
  • the polynucleotide can be a marker for genetic analysis for chromosome 19.
  • tissue distribution indicates that polypeptides and polynucleotides corresponding to Gene NO: 70 are useful for treatment, prophylaxis, and diagnosis of immune and autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, transplant rejection, allergic reactions, arthritis, asthma, immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, and AIDS.
  • the polypeptides or polynucleotides of the present invention are also useful in the treatment, prophylaxis, and detection of thymus disorders, such as Graves Disease, lymphocytic thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism.
  • the expression observed predominantly in hematopoietic cells also indicates that the polynucleotides or polypeptides are important in treating and/or detecting hematopoietic disorders, such as graft versus host reaction, graft versus host disease, transplant rejection, myelogenous leukemia, bone marrow fibrosis, and myeloproliferative disease.
  • the polypeptides or polynucleotides are also useful to enhance or protect proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (e.g., bone marrow cells), useful in treating cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
  • polypeptides or polynucleotides are also useful to increase the proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes, which can be used in the combat of a range of hematopoietic disorders, including immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, and septicemia.
  • Preferred epitopes include those comprising a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 203 as residues: Thr-21 to Ser-27, Pro-33 to Ser-38, and Arg-73 to Lys-84.
  • Table 1 summarizes the information corresponding to each "Gene No.” described above.
  • the nucleotide sequence identified as “NT SEQ ID NO:X” was assembled from partially homologous ("overlapping") sequences obtained from the "cDNA clone ID” identified in Table 1 and, in some cases, from additional related DNA clones.
  • the overlapping sequences were assembled into a single contiguous sequence of high redundancy (usually three to five overlapping sequences at each nucleotide position), resulting in a final sequence identified as SEQ ID NO:X.
  • the cDNA Clone ID was deposited on the date and given the corresponding deposit number listed in "ATCC Deposit No:Z and Date.” Some of the deposits contain multiple different clones corresponding to the same gene. "Vector” refers to the type of vector contained in the cDNA Clone ID.
  • Total NT Seq refers to the total number of nucleotides in the contig identified by "Gene No.”
  • the deposited clone may contain all or most of these sequences, reflected by the nucleotide position indicated as “5' NT of Clone Seq.” and the "3' NT of Clone Seq.” of SEQ ID NO:X.
  • the nucleotide position of SEQ ID NO:X of the putative start codon (methionine) is identified as "5' NT of Start Codon.”
  • the nucleotide position of SEQ ID NO:X of the predicted signal sequence is identified as "5' NT of First AA of Signal Pep.”
  • the translated amino acid sequence beginning with the methionine, is identified as "AA SEQ ID NO:Y,” although other reading frames can also be easily translated using known molecular biology techniques.
  • the polypeptides produced by these alternative open reading frames are specifically contemplated by the present invention.
  • the first and last amino acid position of SEQ ID NO:Y of the predicted signal peptide is identified as "First AA of Sig Pep" and "Last AA of Sig Pep.”
  • the predicted first amino acid position of SEQ ID NO: Y of the secreted portion is identified as
  • SEQ ID NO:X and the translated SEQ ID NO:Y are sufficiently accurate and otherwise suitable for a variety of uses well known in the art and described further below.
  • SEQ ID NO:X is useful for designing nucleic acid hybridization probes that will detect nucleic acid sequences contained in SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA contained in the deposited clone. These probes will also hybridize to nucleic acid molecules in biological samples, thereby enabling a variety of forensic and diagnostic methods of the invention.
  • polypeptides identified from SEQ ID NO: Y may be used to generate antibodies which bind specifically to the secreted proteins encoded by the cDNA clones identified in Table 1. Nevertheless, DNA sequences generated by sequencing reactions can contain sequencing errors.
  • the errors exist as misidentified nucleotides, or as insertions or deletions of nucleotides in the generated DNA sequence.
  • the erroneously inserted or deleted nucleotides cause frame shifts in the reading frames of the predicted amino acid sequence.
  • the predicted amino acid sequence diverges from the actual amino acid sequence, even though the generated DNA sequence may be greater than 99.9% identical to the actual DNA sequence (for example, one base insertion or deletion in an open reading frame of over 1000 bases).
  • the present invention provides not only the generated nucleotide sequence identified as SEQ ID NO:X and the predicted translated amino acid sequence identified as SEQ ID NO:Y, but also a sample of plasmid DNA containing a human cDNA of the invention deposited with the ATCC, as set forth in Table 1.
  • the nucleotide sequence of each deposited clone can readily be determined by sequencing the deposited clone in accordance with known methods. The predicted amino acid sequence can then be verified from such deposits.
  • the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by a particular clone can also be directly determined by peptide sequencing or by expressing the protein in a suitable host cell containing the deposited human cDNA, collecting the protein, and determining its sequence.
  • the present invention also relates to the genes corresponding to SEQ ID NO:X, SEQ ID NO:Y, or the deposited clone.
  • the corresponding gene can be isolated in accordance with known methods using the sequence information disclosed herein. Such methods include preparing probes or primers from the disclosed sequence and identifying or amplifying the corresponding gene from appropriate sources of genomic material.
  • species homologs may be isolated and identified by making suitable probes or primers from the sequences provided herein and screening a suitable nucleic acid source for the desired homologue.
  • polypeptides of the invention can be prepared in any suitable manner.
  • Such polypeptides include isolated naturally occurring polypeptides, recombinantly produced polypeptides, synthetically produced polypeptides, or polypeptides produced by a combination of these methods. Means for preparing such polypeptides are well understood in the art.
  • the polypeptides may be in the form of the secreted protein, including the mature form, or may be a part of a larger protein, such as a fusion protein (see below). It is often advantageous to include an additional amino acid sequence which contains secretory or leader sequences, pro-sequences, sequences which aid in purification , such as multiple histidine residues, or an additional sequence for stability during recombinant production.
  • the polypeptides of the present invention are preferably provided in an isolated form, and preferably are substantially purified.
  • a recombinantly produced version of a polypeptide, including the secreted polypeptide can be substantially purified by the one-step method described in Smith and Johnson, Gene 67:31-40 (1988).
  • Polypeptides of the invention also can be purified from natural or recombinant sources using antibodies of the invention raised against the secreted protein in methods which are well known in the art.
  • the deduced amino acid sequence of the secreted polypeptide was analyzed by a computer program called SignalP (Henrik Nielsen et al., Protein Engineering 10:1-6 (1997)), which predicts the cellular location of a protein based on the amino acid sequence. As part of this computational prediction of localization, the methods of McGeoch and von Heinje are incorporated. The analysis of the amino acid sequences of the secreted proteins described herein by this program provided the results shown in Table 1.
  • the present invention provides secreted polypeptides having a sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:Y which have an N-terminus beginning within 5 residues (i.e., + or - 5 residues) of the predicted cleavage point.
  • SEQ ID NO:Y which have an N-terminus beginning within 5 residues (i.e., + or - 5 residues) of the predicted cleavage point.
  • cleavage of the signal sequence from a secreted protein is not entirely uniform, resulting in more than one secreted species.
  • the signal sequence identified by the above analysis may not necessarily predict the naturally occurring signal sequence.
  • the naturally occurring signal sequence may be further upstream from the predicted signal sequence.
  • the predicted signal sequence will be capable of directing the secreted protein to the ER.
  • Variant refers to a polynucleotide or polypeptide differing from the polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention, but retaining essential properties thereof. Generally, variants are overall closely similar, and, in many regions, identical to the polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention. "Identity" per se has an art-recognized meaning and can be calculated using published techniques.
  • a preferred method for determing the best overall match between a query sequence (a sequence of the present invention) and a subject sequence can be determined using the FASTDB computer program based on the algorithm of Brutlag et al. (Comp. App. Biosci. 6:237-245 (1990).)
  • sequence includes nucleotide and amino acid sequences.
  • the query and subject sequences are either both nucleotide sequences or both amino acid sequences.
  • the result of said global sequence alignment is in percent identity.
  • a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence of at least 95% "identity" to a sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA contained in the deposited clone means that the polynucleotide is identical to a sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA except that the polynucleotide sequence may include up to five point mutations per each 100 nucleotides of the total length (not just within a given 100 nucleotide stretch).
  • nucleotide having a nucleotide sequence at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:X or the deposited clone up to 5% of the nucleotides in the sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA can be deleted, inserted, or substituted with other nucleotides. These changes may occur anywhere throughout the polynucleotide.
  • polynucleotides having at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity will encode a polypeptide identical to an amino acid sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:Y or the expressed protein produced by the deposited clone.
  • a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence having at least, for example, 95% "identity" to a reference polypeptide is intended that the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide is identical to the reference polypeptide except that the polypeptide sequence may include up to five amino acid alterations per each 100 amino acids of the total length of the reference polypeptide.
  • up to 5% of the amino acid residues in the reference sequence may be deleted or substituted with another amino acid, or a number of amino acids up to 5% of the total amino acid residues in the reference sequence may be inserted into the reference sequence.
  • alterations of the reference sequence may occur at the amino or carboxy terminal positions of the reference amino acid sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among residues in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence.
  • Further embodiments of the present invention include polypeptides having at least 80% identity, more preferably at least 85% identity, more preferably at least 90% identity, and most preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identity to an amino acid sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:Y or the expressed protein produced by the deposited clone.
  • the above polypeptides should exhibit at least one biological activity of the protein.
  • polypeptides of the present invention include polypeptides having at least 90% similarity, more preferably at least 95% similarity, and still more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similarity to an amino acid sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:Y or the expressed protein produced by the deposited clone.
  • the variants may contain alterations in the coding regions, non-coding regions, or both.
  • polynucleotide variants containing alterations which produce silent substitutions, additions, or deletions, but do not alter the properties or activities of the encoded polypeptide are preferred.
  • variants in which 5-10, 1-5, or 1-2 amino acids are substituted, deleted, or added in any combination are also preferred.
  • Polynucleotide variants can be produced for a variety of reasons, e.g., to optimize codon expression for a particular host (change codons in the human mRNA to those preferred by a bacterial host such as E. coli).
  • Naturally occurring variants are called "allelic variants," and refer to one of several alternate forms of a gene occupying a given locus on a chromosome of an organism. (Genes II, Lewin, B., ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York (1985).) These allelic variants can vary at either the polynucleotide and/or polypeptide level. Alternatively, non-naturally occurring variants may be produced by mutagenesis techniques or by direct synthesis. Using known methods of protein engineering and recombinant DNA technology, variants may be generated to improve or alter the characteristics of the polypeptides of the present invention.
  • one or more amino acids can be deleted from the N-terminus or C-terminus of the secreted protein without substantial loss of biological function.
  • Interferon gamma exhibited up to ten times higher activity after deleting 8-10 amino acid residues from the carboxy terminus of this protein.
  • Gayle and coworkers J.
  • C-terminus of a polypeptide results in modification or loss of one or more biological functions, other biological activities may still be retained.
  • the ability of a deletion variant to induce and/or to bind antibodies which recognize the secreted form will likely be retained when less than the majority of the residues of the secreted form are removed from the N-terminus or C-terminus.
  • Whether a particular polypeptide lacking N- or C-terminal residues of a protein retains such immunogenic activities can readily be determined by routine methods described herein and otherwise known in the art.
  • the invention further includes polypeptide variants which show substantial biological activity.
  • variants include deletions, insertions, inversions, repeats, and substitutions selected according to general rules known in the art so as have little effect on activity.
  • guidance concerning how to make phenotypically silent amino acid substitutions is provided in Bowie, J. U. et al., Science 247:1306-1310 (1990), wherein the authors indicate that there are two main strategies for studying the tolerance of an amino acid sequence to change.
  • the first strategy exploits the tolerance of amino acid substitutions by natural selection during the process of evolution. By comparing amino acid sequences in different species, conserved amino acids can be identified. These conserved amino acids are likely important for protein function. In contrast, the amino acid positions where substitutions have been tolerated by natural selection indicates that these positions are not critical for protein function. Thus, positions tolerating amino acid substitution could be modified while still maintaining biological activity of the protein.
  • the second strategy uses genetic engineering to introduce amino acid changes at specific positions of a cloned gene to identify regions critical for protein function. For example, site directed mutagenesis or alanine-scanning mutagenesis (introduction of single alanine mutations at every residue in the molecule) can be used. (Cunningham and Wells, Science 244:1081-1085 (1989).) The resulting mutant molecules can then be tested for biological activity.
  • tolerated conservative amino acid substitutions involve replacement of the aliphatic or hydrophobic amino acids Ala, Val, Leu and He; replacement of the hydroxyl residues Ser and Thr; replacement of the acidic residues Asp and Glu; replacement of the amide residues Asn and Gin, replacement of the basic residues Lys, Arg, and His; replacement of the aromatic residues Phe, Tyr, and Trp, and replacement of the small-sized amino acids Ala, Ser, Thr, Met, and Gly.
  • variants of the present invention include (i) substitutions with one or more of the non-conserved amino acid residues, where the substituted amino acid residues may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) substitution with one or more of amino acid residues having a substituent group, or (iii) fusion of the mature polypeptide with another compound, such as a compound to increase the stability and/or solubility of the polypeptide (for example, polyethylene glycol), or (iv) fusion of the polypeptide with additional amino acids, such as an IgG Fc fusion region peptide, or leader or secretory sequence, or a sequence facilitating purification.
  • polypeptide variants are deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.
  • polypeptide variants containing amino acid substitutions of charged amino acids with other charged or neutral amino acids may produce proteins with improved characteristics, such as less aggregation. Aggregation of pharmaceutical formulations both reduces activity and increases clearance due to the aggregate's immunogenic activity.
  • a "polynucleotide fragment” refers to a short polynucleotide having a nucleic acid sequence contained in the deposited clone or shown in SEQ ID NO:X.
  • the short nucleotide fragments are preferably at least about 15 nt, and more preferably at least about 20 nt, still more preferably at least about 30 nt, and even more preferably, at least about 40 nt in length.
  • a fragment "at least 20 nt in length,” for example, is intended to include 20 or more contiguous bases from the cDNA sequence contained in the deposited clone or the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:X.
  • nucleotide fragments are useful as diagnostic probes and primers as discussed herein. Of course, larger fragments (e.g., 50, 150, 500, 600, 2000 nucleotides) are preferred.
  • representative examples of polynucleotide fragments of the invention include, for example, fragments having a sequence from about nucleotide number 1-50, 51-100, 101-150, 151-200, 201-250, 251-300, 301-350, 351-400, 401- 450, 451-500, 501-550, 551-600, 651-700, and 701 to the end of SEQ ID NO:X or the cDNA contained in the deposited clone.
  • “about” includes the particularly recited ranges, larger or smaller by several (5, 4, 3, 2, or 1) nucleotides, at either terminus or at both termini.
  • these fragments encode a polypeptide which has biological activity.
  • polypeptide fragment refers to a short amino acid sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:Y or encoded by the cDNA contained in the deposited clone. Protein fragments may be "free-standing,” or comprised within a larger polypeptide of which the fragment forms a part or region, most preferably as a single continuous region. Representative examples of polypeptide fragments of the invention, include, for example, fragments from about amino acid number 1-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100, 102-120, 121-140, 141-160, and 161 to the end of the coding region.
  • polypeptide fragments can be about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, or 150 amino acids in length.
  • “about” includes the particularly recited ranges, larger or smaller by several (5, 4, 3, 2, or 1) amino acids, at either extreme or at both extremes.
  • Preferred polypeptide fragments include the secreted protein as well as the mature form. Further preferred polypeptide fragments include the secreted protein or the mature form having a continuous series of deleted residues from the amino or the carboxy terminus, or both. For example, any number of amino acids, ranging from 1- 60, can be deleted from the amino terminus of either the secreted polypeptide or the mature form. Similarly, any number of amino acids, ranging from 1-30, can be deleted from the carboxy terminus of the secreted protein or mature form. Furthermore, any combination of the above amino and carboxy terminus deletions are preferred.
  • polypeptide fragments encoding these polypeptide fragments are also preferred.
  • polypeptide and polynucleotide fragments characterized by structural or functional domains, such as fragments that comprise alpha-helix and alpha- helix forming regions, beta-sheet and beta-sheet-forming regions, turn and turn- forming regions, coil and coil-forming regions, hydrophilic regions, hydrophobic regions, alpha amphipathic regions, beta amphipathic regions, flexible regions, surface- forming regions, substrate binding region, and high antigenic index regions.
  • Polypeptide fragments of SEQ ID NO: Y falling within conserved domains are specifically contemplated by the present invention.
  • polynucleotide fragments encoding these domains are also contemplated.
  • Biologically active fragments are those exhibiting activity similar, but not necessarily identical, to an activity of the polypeptide of the present invention.
  • the biological activity of the fragments may include an improved desired activity, or a decreased undesirable activity.
  • epitopes refer to polypeptide fragments having antigenic or immunogenic activity in an animal, especially in a human.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a polypeptide fragment comprising an epitope, as well as the polynucleotide encoding this fragment.
  • a region of a protein molecule to which an antibody can bind is defined as an "antigenic epitope.”
  • an "immunogenic epitope” is defined as a part of a protein that elicits an antibody response.
  • Fragments which function as epitopes may be produced by any conventional means. (See, e.g., Houghten, R. A., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:5131-5135 (1985) further described in U.S. Patent No. 4,631,211.)
  • antigenic epitopes preferably contain a sequence of at least seven, more preferably at least nine, and most preferably between about 15 to about 30 amino acids.
  • Antigenic epitopes are useful to raise antibodies, including monoclonal antibodies, that specifically bind the epitope. (See, for instance, Wilson et al., Cell 37:767-778 (1984); Sutcliffe, J. G. et al., Science 219:660-666 (1983).)
  • immunogenic epitopes can be used to induce antibodies according to methods well known in the art. (See, for instance, Sutcliffe et al., supra; Wilson et al., supra; Chow, M. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:910-914; and Bittle, F. J. et al., J. Gen. Virol. 66:2347-2354 (1985).)
  • a preferred immunogenic epitope includes the secreted protein.
  • the immunogenic epitopes may be presented together with a carrier protein, such as an albumin, to an animal system (such as rabbit or mouse) or, if it is long enough (at least about 25 amino acids), without a carrier.
  • immunogenic epitopes comprising as few as 8 to 10 amino acids have been shown to be sufficient to raise antibodies capable of binding to, at the very least, linear epitopes in a denatured polypeptide (e.g., in Western blotting.)
  • antibody As used herein, the term "antibody” (Ab) or “monoclonal antibody” (Mab) is meant to include intact molecules as well as antibody fragments (such as, for example, Fab and F(ab')2 fragments) which are capable of specifically binding to protein. Fab and F(ab')2 fragments lack the Fc fragment of intact antibody, clear more rapidly from the circulation, and may have less non-specific tissue binding than an intact antibody. (Wahl et al., J. Nucl. Med. 24:316-325 (1983).) Thus, these fragments are preferred, as well as the products of a FAB or other immunoglobulin expression library. Moreover, antibodies of the present invention include chimeric, single chain, and humanized antibodies.
  • any polypeptide of the present invention can be used to generate fusion proteins.
  • the polypeptide of the present invention when fused to a second protein, can be used as an antigenic tag.
  • Antibodies raised against the polypeptide of the present invention can be used to indirectly detect the second protein by binding to the polypeptide.
  • the polypeptides of the present invention can be used as targeting molecules once fused to other proteins. Examples of domains that can be fused to polypeptides of the present invention include not only heterologous signal sequences, but also other heterologous functional regions. The fusion does not necessarily need to be direct, but may occur through linker sequences.
  • fusion proteins may also be engineered to improve characteristics of the polypeptide of the present invention. For instance, a region of additional amino acids, particularly charged amino acids, may be added to the N-terminus of the polypeptide to improve stability and persistence during purification from the host cell or subsequent handling and storage. Also, peptide moieties may be added to the polypeptide to facilitate purification. Such regions may be removed prior to final preparation of the polypeptide. The addition of peptide moieties to facilitate handling of polypeptides are familiar and routine techniques in the art.
  • polypeptides of the present invention can be combined with parts of the constant domain of immunoglobulins (IgG), resulting in chimeric polypeptides.
  • IgG immunoglobulins
  • fusion proteins facilitate purification and show an increased half-life in vivo.
  • chimeric proteins consisting of the first two domains of the human CD4- polypeptide and various domains of the constant regions of the heavy or light chains of mammalian immunoglobulins.
  • Fusion proteins having disulfide-linked dimeric structures can also be more efficient in binding and neutralizing other molecules, than the monomeric secreted protein or protein fragment alone.
  • EP-A-O 464 533 (Canadian counterpart 2045869) discloses fusion proteins comprising various portions of constant region of immunoglobulin molecules together with another human protein or part thereof.
  • the Fc part in a fusion protein is beneficial in therapy and diagnosis, and thus can result in, for example, improved pharmacokinetic properties.
  • EP-A 0232 262. Alternatively, deleting the Fc part after the fusion protein has been expressed, detected, and purified, would be desired. For example, the Fc portion may hinder therapy and diagnosis if the fusion protein is used as an antigen for immunizations.
  • human proteins such as hIL-5
  • Fc portions for the purpose of high-throughput screening assays to identify antagonists of hIL-5.
  • the polypeptides of the present invention can be fused to marker sequences, such as a peptide which facilitates purification of the fused polypeptide.
  • the marker amino acid sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, such as the tag provided in a pQE vector (QIAGEN, Inc., 9259 Eton Avenue, Chatsworth, CA, 91311), among others, many of which are commercially available.
  • hexa-histidine provides for convenient purification of the fusion protein.
  • Another peptide tag useful for purification, the "HA" tag corresponds to an epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein. (Wilson et al., Cell 37:767 (1984).)
  • any of these above fusions can be engineered using the polynucleotides or the polypeptides of the claimed invention.
  • the present invention also relates to vectors containing the polynucleotide of the present invention, host cells, and the production of polypeptides by recombinant techniques.
  • the vector may be, for example, a phage, plasmid, viral, or retroviral vector.
  • Retroviral vectors may be replication competent or replication defective. In the latter case, viral propagation generally will occur only in complementing host cells.
  • the polynucleotides may be joined to a vector containing a selectable marker for propagation in a host.
  • a plasmid vector is introduced in a precipitate, such as a calcium phosphate precipitate, or in a complex with a charged lipid. If the vector is a virus, it may be packaged in vitro using an appropriate packaging cell line and then transduced into host cells.
  • the polynucleotide insert should be operatively linked to an appropriate promoter, such as the phage lambda PL promoter, the E. coli lac, trp, phoA and tac promoters, the SV40 early and late promoters and promoters of retroviral LTRs, to name a few. Other suitable promoters will be known to the skilled artisan.
  • the expression constructs will further contain sites for transcription initiation, termination, and, in the transcribed region, a ribosome binding site for translation.
  • the coding portion of the transcripts expressed by the constructs will preferably include a translation initiating codon at the beginning and a termination codon (UAA, UGA or UAG) appropriately positioned at the end of the polypeptide to be translated.
  • the expression vectors will preferably include at least one selectable marker.
  • markers include dihydrofolate reductase, G418 or neomycin resistance for eukaryotic cell culture and tetracycline, kanamycin or ampicillin resistance genes for culturing in E. coli and other bacteria.
  • Representative examples of appropriate hosts include, but are not limited to, bacterial cells, such as E. coli,
  • Streptomyces and Salmonella typhimurium cells
  • fungal cells such as yeast cells
  • insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9 cells
  • animal cells such as CHO, COS, 293, and Bowes melanoma cells
  • plant cells Appropriate culture mediums and conditions for the above-described host cells are known in the art.
  • vectors preferred for use in bacteria include pQE70, pQE60 and pQE-9, available from QIAGEN, Inc.; pBluescript vectors, Phagescript vectors, pNH8A, pNHl ⁇ a, pNH18A, pNH46A, available from Stratagene Cloning Systems, Inc.; and ptrc99a, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 available from Pharmacia Biotech, Inc.
  • eukaryotic vectors are pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, pXTl and pSG available from Stratagene; and pSVK3, pBPV, pMSG and pSVL available from Pharmacia.
  • Other suitable vectors will be readily apparent to the skilled artisan.
  • Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, infection, or other methods. Such methods are described in many standard laboratory manuals, such as Davis et al., Basic Methods In Molecular Biology (1986).
  • polypeptides of the present invention may in fact be expressed by a host cell lacking a recombinant vector.
  • a polypeptide of this invention can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell cultures by well-known methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography. Most preferably, high performance liquid chromatography (“HPLC”) is employed for purification.
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • Polypeptides of the present invention can also be recovered from: products purified from natural sources, including bodily fluids, tissues and cells, whether directly isolated or cultured; products of chemical synthetic procedures; and products produced by recombinant techniques from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host, including, for example, bacterial, yeast, higher plant, insect, and mammalian cells.
  • a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host including, for example, bacterial, yeast, higher plant, insect, and mammalian cells.
  • the polypeptides of the present invention may be glycosylated or may be non-glycosylated.
  • polypeptides of the invention may also include an initial modified methionine residue, in some cases as a result of host-mediated processes.
  • N-terminal methionine encoded by the translation initiation codon generally is removed with high efficiency from any protein after translation in all eukaryotic cells. While the N-terminal methionine on most proteins also is efficiently removed in most prokaryotes, for some proteins, this prokaryotic removal process is inefficient, depending on the nature of the amino acid to which the N-terminal methionine is covalently linked.
  • the polynucleotides of the present invention are useful for chromosome identification. There exists an ongoing need to identify new chromosome markers, since few chromosome marking reagents, based on actual sequence data (repeat polymorphisms), are presently available. Each polynucleotide of the present invention can be used as a chromosome marker.
  • sequences can be mapped to chromosomes by preparing PCR primers (preferably 15-25 bp) from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:X. Primers can be selected using computer analysis so that primers do not span more than one predicted exon in the genomic DNA. These primers are then used for PCR screening of somatic cell hybrids containing individual human chromosomes. Only those hybrids containing the human gene corresponding to the SEQ ID NO:X will yield an amplified fragment.
  • somatic hybrids provide a rapid method of PCR mapping the polynucleotides to particular chromosomes. Three or more clones can be assigned per day using a single thermal cycler. Moreover, sublocalization of the polynucleotides can be achieved with panels of specific chromosome fragments.
  • Other gene mapping strategies that can be used include in situ hybridization, prescreening with labeled flow- sorted chromosomes, and preselection by hybridization to construct chromosome specific-cDNA libraries.
  • Precise chromosomal location of the polynucleotides can also be achieved using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a metaphase chromosomal spread.
  • FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
  • This technique uses polynucleotides as short as 500 or 600 bases; however, polynucleotides 2,000-4,000 bp are preferred.
  • Verma et al. "Human Chromosomes: a Manual of Basic Techniques," Pergamon Press, New York (1988).
  • the polynucleotides can be used individually (to mark a single chromosome or a single site on that chromosome) or in panels (for marking multiple sites and/or multiple chromosomes).
  • Preferred polynucleotides correspond to the noncoding regions of the cDNAs because the coding sequences are more likely conserved within gene families, thus increasing the chance of cross hybridization during chromosomal mapping.
  • Linkage analysis establishes coinheritance between a chromosomal location and presentation of a particular disease.
  • Disease mapping data are found, for example, in V. McKusick, Mendelian Inheritance in Man (available on line through Johns Hopkins University Welch Medical Library) .
  • a cDNA precisely localized to a chromosomal region associated with the disease could be one of 50-500 potential causative genes.
  • a polynucleotide can be used to control gene expression through triple helix formation or antisense DNA or RNA. Both methods rely on binding of the polynucleotide to DNA or RNA. For these techniques, preferred polynucleotides are usually 20 to 40 bases in length and complementary to either the region of the gene involved in transcription (triple helix - see Lee et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 3:173 (1979); Cooney et al., Science 241:456 (1988); and Dervan et al., Science 251:1360 (1991) ) or to the mRNA itself (antisense - Okano, J. Neurochem.
  • the polynucleotides are also useful for identifying individuals from minute biological samples.
  • the United States military for example, is considering the use of restriction fragment length polymo ⁇ hism (RFLP) for identification of its personnel.
  • RFLP restriction fragment length polymo ⁇ hism
  • an individual's genomic DNA is digested with one or more restriction enzymes, and probed on a Southern blot to yield unique bands for identifying personnel.
  • This method does not suffer from the current limitations of "Dog Tags" which can be lost, switched, or stolen, making positive identification difficult.
  • the polynucleotides of the present invention can be used as additional DNA markers for RFLP.
  • the polynucleotides of the present invention can also be used as an alternative to RFLP, by determining the actual base-by-base DNA sequence of selected portions of an individual's genome. These sequences can be used to prepare PCR primers for amplifying and isolating such selected DNA, which can then be sequenced. Using this technique, individuals can be identified because each individual will have a unique set of DNA sequences. Once an unique ID database is established for an individual, positive identification of that individual, living or dead, can be made from extremely small tissue samples.
  • DNA sequences taken from very small biological samples such as tissues, e.g., hair or skin, or body fluids, e.g., blood, saliva, semen, etc.
  • DNA sequences amplified from polymo ⁇ hic loci such as DQa class II HLA gene, are used in forensic biology to identify individuals.
  • polynucleotides of the present invention can be used as polymo ⁇ hic markers for forensic pu ⁇ oses.
  • reagents capable of identifying the source of a particular tissue. Such need arises, for example, in forensics when presented with tissue of unknown origin.
  • Appropriate reagents can comprise, for example, DNA probes or primers specific to particular tissue prepared from the sequences of the present invention. Panels of such reagents can identify tissue by species and/or by organ type. In a similar fashion, these reagents can be used to screen tissue cultures for contamination.
  • the polynucleotides of the present invention can be used as molecular weight markers on Southern gels, as diagnostic probes for the presence of a specific mRNA in a particular cell type, as a probe to "subtract-out" known sequences in the process of discovering novel polynucleotides, for selecting and making oligomers for attachment to a "gene chip” or other support, to raise anti-DNA antibodies using DNA immunization techniques, and as an antigen to elicit an immune response.
  • a polypeptide of the present invention can be used to assay protein levels in a biological sample using antibody-based techniques.
  • protein expression in tissues can be studied with classical immunohistological methods.
  • Other antibody-based methods useful for detecting protein gene expression include immunoassays, such as the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the radioimmunoassay (RIA).
  • ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
  • RIA radioimmunoassay
  • Suitable antibody assay labels include enzyme labels, such as, glucose oxidase, and radioisotopes, such as iodine (1251, 1211), carbon (14C), sulfur (35S), tritium (3H), indium (112In), and technetium (99mTc), and fluorescent labels, such as fluorescein and rhodamine, and biotin.
  • enzyme labels such as, glucose oxidase, and radioisotopes, such as iodine (1251, 1211), carbon (14C), sulfur (35S), tritium (3H), indium (112In), and technetium (99mTc)
  • fluorescent labels such as fluorescein and rhodamine, and biotin.
  • proteins can also be detected in vivo by imaging.
  • Antibody labels or markers for in vivo imaging of protein include those detectable by X-radiography, NMR or ESR.
  • suitable labels include radioisotopes such as barium or cesium, which emit detectable radiation but are not overtly harmful to the subject.
  • Suitable markers for NMR and ESR include those with a detectable characteristic spin, such as deuterium, which may be inco ⁇ orated into the antibody by labeling of nutrients for the relevant hybridoma.
  • a protein-specific antibody or antibody fragment which has been labeled with an appropriate detectable imaging moiety such as a radioisotope (for example, 1311, 112In, 99mTc), a radio-opaque substance, or a material detectable by nuclear magnetic resonance, is introduced (for example, parenterally, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally) into the mammal.
  • a radioisotope for example, 1311, 112In, 99mTc
  • a radio-opaque substance for example, parenterally, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally
  • the quantity of radioactivity injected will normally range from about 5 to 20 millicuries of 99mTc.
  • the labeled antibody or antibody fragment will then preferentially accumulate at the location of cells which contain the specific protein.
  • In vivo tumor imaging is described in S.W. Burchiel et al., "Immunopharmacokinetics of Radiolabeled Antibodies and Their Fragments.” (Chapter 13 in Tumor Imaging: The Radiochemical Detection of Cancer, S.W. Burchiel and B. A. Rhodes, eds., Masson Publishing Inc. (1982).)
  • the invention provides a diagnostic method of a disorder, which involves (a) assaying the expression of a polypeptide of the present invention in cells or body fluid of an individual; (b) comparing the level of gene expression with a standard gene expression level, whereby an increase or decrease in the assayed polypeptide gene expression level compared to the standard expression level is indicative of a disorder.
  • polypeptides of the present invention can be used to treat disease.
  • patients can be administered a polypeptide of the present invention in an effort to replace absent or decreased levels of the polypeptide (e.g., insulin), to supplement absent or decreased levels of a different polypeptide (e.g., hemoglobin S for hemoglobin B), to inhibit the activity of a polypeptide (e.g., an oncogene), to activate the activity of a polypeptide (e.g., by binding to a receptor), to reduce the activity of a membrane bound receptor by competing with it for free ligand (e.g., soluble TNF receptors used in reducing inflammation), or to bring about a desired response (e.g., blood vessel growth).
  • a polypeptide of the present invention in an effort to replace absent or decreased levels of the polypeptide (e.g., insulin), to supplement absent or decreased levels of a different polypeptide (e.g., hemoglobin S for hemoglobin B), to inhibit the activity of a polypeptide (e.g., an oncogene), to activate the activity of
  • antibodies directed to a polypeptide of the present invention can also be used to treat disease.
  • administration of an antibody directed to a polypeptide of the present invention can bind and reduce ove ⁇ roduction of the polypeptide.
  • administration of an antibody can activate the polypeptide, such as by binding to a polypeptide bound to a membrane (receptor).
  • polypeptides of the present invention could be used as molecular weight markers on SDS-PAGE gels or on molecular sieve gel filtration columns using methods well known to those of skill in the art.
  • Polypeptides can also be used to raise antibodies, which in turn are used to measure protein expression from a recombinant cell, as a way of assessing transformation of the host cell.
  • the polypeptides of the present invention can be used to test the following biological activities.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present invention can be used in assays to test for one or more biological activities. If these polynucleotides and polypeptides do exhibit activity in a particular assay, it is likely that these molecules may be involved in the diseases associated with the biological activity. Thus, the polynucleotides and polypeptides could be used to treat the associated disease.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may be useful in treating deficiencies or disorders of the immune system, by activating or inhibiting the proliferation, differentiation, or mobilization (chemotaxis) of immune cells.
  • Immune cells develop through a process called hematopoiesis, producing myeloid (platelets, red blood cells, neutrophils, and macrophages) and lymphoid (B and T lymphocytes) cells from pluripotent stem cells.
  • the etiology of these immune deficiencies or disorders may be genetic, somatic, such as cancer or some autoimmune disorders, acquired (e.g., by chemotherapy or toxins), or infectious.
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention can be used as a marker or detector of a particular immune system disease or disorder.
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may be useful in treating or detecting deficiencies or disorders of hematopoietic cells.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention could be used to increase differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells, including the pluripotent stem cells, in an effort to treat those disorders associated with a decrease in certain (or many) types hematopoietic cells.
  • immunologic deficiency syndromes include, but are not limited to: blood protein disorders (e.g.
  • agammaglobulinemia agammaglobulinemia, dysgammaglobulinemia), ataxia telangiectasia, common variable immunodeficiency, Digeorge Syndrome, HIV infection, HTLV-BLV infection, leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome, lymphopenia, phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCIDs), Wiskott-Aldrich Disorder, anemia, thrombocytopenia, or hemoglobinuria.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention could also be used to modulate hemostatic (the stopping of bleeding) or thrombolytic activity (clot formation).
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention could be used to treat blood coagulation disorders (e.g., afibrinogenemia, factor deficiencies), blood platelet disorders (e.g. thrombocytopenia), or wounds resulting from trauma, surgery, or other causes.
  • blood coagulation disorders e.g., afibrinogenemia, factor deficiencies
  • blood platelet disorders e.g. thrombocytopenia
  • wounds resulting from trauma, surgery, or other causes e.g., a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention that can decrease hemostatic or thrombolytic activity could be used to inhibit or dissolve clotting. These molecules could be important in the treatment of heart attacks (infarction), strokes, or scarring.
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may also be useful in treating or detecting autoimmune disorders.
  • Many autoimmune disorders result from inappropriate recognition of self as foreign material by immune cells. This inappropriate recognition results in an immune response leading to the destruction of the host tissue. Therefore, the administration of a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention that inhibits an immune response, particularly the proliferation, differentiation, or chemotaxis of T-cells, may be an effective therapy in preventing autoimmune disorders.
  • autoimmune disorders examples include, but are not limited to: Addison's Disease, hemolytic anemia, antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, allergic encephalomyelitis, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's Syndrome, Graves' Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuritis, Ophthalmia, Bullous Pemphigoid, Pemphigus, Polyendocrinopathies, Pu ⁇ ura, Reiter's Disease, Stiff-Man Syndrome, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Autoimmune Pulmonary Inflammation, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, insulin dependent diabetes mellitis, and autoimmune inflammatory eye disease.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may also be treated by a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention.
  • these molecules can be used to treat anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity to an antigenic molecule, or blood group incompatibility.
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may also be used to treat and/or prevent organ rejection or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
  • Organ rejection occurs by host immune cell destruction of the transplanted tissue through an immune response.
  • an immune response is also involved in GVHD, but, in this case, the foreign transplanted immune cells destroy the host tissues.
  • the administration of a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention that inhibits an immune response, particularly the proliferation, differentiation, or chemotaxis of T- cells may be an effective therapy in preventing organ rejection or GVHD.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may also be used to modulate inflammation.
  • the polypeptide or polynucleotide may inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of cells involved in an inflammatory response.
  • These molecules can be used to treat inflammatory conditions, both chronic and acute conditions, including inflammation associated with infection (e.g., septic shock, sepsis, or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)), ischemia- reperfusion injury, endotoxin lethality, arthritis, complement-mediated hyperacute rejection, nephritis, cytokine or chemokine induced lung injury, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, or resulting from over production of cytokines (e.g., TNF or IL-1.) Hyperproliferative Disorders
  • infection e.g., septic shock, sepsis, or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
  • ischemia- reperfusion injury ischemia- reperfusion injury
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide can be used to treat or detect hype ⁇ roliferative disorders, including neoplasms.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may inhibit the proliferation of the disorder through direct or indirect interactions.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may proliferate other cells which can inhibit the hype ⁇ roliferative disorder.
  • hype ⁇ roliferative disorders can be treated.
  • This immune response may be increased by either enhancing an existing immune response, or by initiating a new immune response.
  • decreasing an immune response may also be a method of treating hype ⁇ roliferative disorders, such as a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • Examples of hype ⁇ roliferative disorders that can be treated or detected by a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention include, but are not limited to neoplasms located in the: abdomen, bone, breast, digestive system, liver, pancreas, peritoneum, endocrine glands (adrenal, parathyroid, pituitary, testicles, ovary, thymus, thyroid), eye, head and neck, nervous (central and peripheral), lymphatic system, pelvic, skin, soft tissue, spleen, thoracic, and urogenital.
  • hype ⁇ roliferative disorders can also be treated or detected by a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention.
  • hype ⁇ roliferative disorders include, but are not limited to: hypergammaglobulinemia, lymphoproliferative disorders, paraproteinemias, pu ⁇ ura, sarcoidosis, Sezary Syndrome, Waldenstron's Macroglobulinemia, Gaucher's Disease, histiocytosis, and any other hype ⁇ roliferative disease, besides neoplasia, located in an organ system listed above.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention can be used to treat or detect infectious agents. For example, by increasing the immune response, particularly increasing the proliferation and differentiation of B and/or T cells, infectious diseases may be treated.
  • the immune response may be increased by either enhancing an existing immune response, or by initiating a new immune response.
  • the polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may also directly inhibit the infectious agent, without necessarily eliciting an immune response.
  • Viruses are one example of an infectious agent that can cause disease or symptoms that can be treated or detected by a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention.
  • viruses include, but are not limited to the following DNA and RNA viral families: Arbovirus, Adenoviridae, Arenaviridae, Arterivirus, Bimaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Circoviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepadnaviridae (Hepatitis), He ⁇ esviridae (such as, Cytomegalovirus, He ⁇ es Simplex, He ⁇ es Zoster), Mononegavirus (e.g., Paramyxoviridae, Morbilli virus, Rhabdoviridae), Orthomyxoviridae (e.g., Influenza), Papovaviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae (such as Smallpox or Vaccinia), Reoviridae (e.g., Rotavirus), Retroviridae (HTLV-I, HTLV-II, Lentivirus
  • Viruses falling within these families can cause a variety of diseases or symptoms, including, but not limited to: arthritis, bronchiollitis, encephalitis, eye infections (e.g., conjunctivitis, keratitis), chronic fatigue syndrome, hepatitis (A, B, C, E, Chronic Active, Delta), meningitis, opportunistic infections (e.g., AIDS), pneumonia, Burkitt's Lymphoma, chickenpox , hemorrhagic fever, Measles, Mumps, Parainfluenza, Rabies, the common cold, Polio, leukemia, Rubella, sexually transmitted diseases, skin diseases (e.g., Kaposi's, warts), and viremia.
  • arthritis bronchiollitis, encephalitis
  • eye infections e.g., conjunctivitis, keratitis
  • chronic fatigue syndrome hepatitis (A, B, C, E, Chronic Active, Delta)
  • meningitis
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention can be used to treat or detect any of these symptoms or diseases.
  • bacterial or fungal agents that can cause disease or symptoms and that can be treated or detected by a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention include, but not limited to, the following Gram-Negative and Gram-positive bacterial families and fungi: Actinomycetales (e.g., Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Norcardia), Aspergillosis, Bacillaceae (e.g., Anthrax, Clostridium), Bacteroidaceae, Blastomycosis, Bordetella, Borrelia, Brucellosis, Candidiasis, Campylobacter,
  • Actinomycetales e.g., Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Norcardia
  • Aspergillosis e.g., Bacillaceae (e.g., Anthrax, Clostridium
  • Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis, Dermatocycoses, Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella, Salmonella, Serratia, Yersinia), Erysipelothrix, Helicobacter, Legionellosis, Leptospirosis, Listeria, Mycoplasmatales, Neisseriaceae (e.g., Acinetobacter, Gonorrhea, Menigococcal), Pasteurellacea Infections (e.g., Actinobacillus, Heamophilus, Pasteurella), Pseudomonas, Rickettsiaceae, Chlamydiaceae, Syphilis, and Staphylococcal.
  • Neisseriaceae e.g., Acinetobacter, Gonorrhea, Menigococcal
  • Pasteurellacea Infections e.g., Actinobacillus, Heamophilus, Pasteurella
  • bacterial or fungal families can cause the following diseases or symptoms, including, but not limited to: bacteremia, endocarditis, eye infections (conjunctivitis, tuberculosis, uveitis), gingivitis, opportunistic infections (e.g., AIDS related infections), paronychia, prosthesis-related infections, Reiter's Disease, respiratory tract infections, such as Whooping Cough or Empyema, sepsis, Lyme Disease, Cat-Scratch Disease, Dysentery, Paratyphoid Fever, food poisoning, Typhoid, pneumonia, Gonorrhea, meningitis, Chlamydia, Syphilis, Diphtheria, Leprosy, Paratuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Lupus, Botulism, gangrene, tetanus, impetigo, Rheumatic Fever, Scarlet Fever, sexually transmitted diseases, skin diseases (e.g., cellu
  • parasitic agents causing disease or symptoms that can be treated or detected by a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention include, but not limited to, the following families: Amebiasis, Babesiosis, Coccidiosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Dientamoebiasis, Dourine, Ectoparasitic, Giardiasis, Helminthiasis, Leishmaniasis, Theileriasis, Toxoplasmosis, Trypanosomiasis, and Trichomonas.
  • These parasites can cause a variety of diseases or symptoms, including, but not limited to: Scabies, Trombiculiasis, eye infections, intestinal disease (e.g., dysentery, giardiasis), liver disease, lung disease, opportunistic infections (e.g., AIDS related), Malaria, pregnancy complications, and toxoplasmosis.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention can be used to treat or detect any of these symptoms or diseases.
  • treatment using a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention could either be by administering an effective amount of a polypeptide to the patient, or by removing cells from the patient, supplying the cells with a polynucleotide of the present invention, and returning the engineered cells to the patient (ex vivo therapy).
  • the polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention can be used as an antigen in a vaccine to raise an immune response against infectious disease.
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention can be used to differentiate, proliferate, and attract cells, leading to the regeneration of tissues.
  • the regeneration of tissues could be used to repair, replace, or protect tissue damaged by congenital defects, trauma (wounds, burns, incisions, or ulcers), age, disease (e.g. osteoporosis, osteocarthritis, periodontal disease, liver failure), surgery, including cosmetic plastic surgery, fibrosis, reperfusion injury, or systemic cytokine damage.
  • Tissues that could be regenerated using the present invention include organs (e.g., pancreas, liver, intestine, kidney, skin, endothelium), muscle (smooth, skeletal or cardiac), vascular (including vascular endothelium), nervous, hematopoietic, and skeletal (bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament) tissue.
  • organs e.g., pancreas, liver, intestine, kidney, skin, endothelium
  • muscle smooth, skeletal or cardiac
  • vascular including vascular endothelium
  • nervous hematopoietic
  • skeletal bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament
  • skeletal bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament
  • regeneration occurs without or decreased scarring.
  • Regeneration also may include angiogenesis.
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may increase regeneration of tissues difficult to heal. For example, increased tendon/ligament regeneration would quicken recovery time after damage.
  • tissue regeneration of non-healing wounds includes pressure ulcers, ulcers associated with vascular insufficiency, surgical, and traumatic wounds.
  • nerve and brain tissue could also be regenerated by using a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention to proliferate and differentiate nerve cells.
  • Diseases that could be treated using this method include central and peripheral nervous system diseases, neuropathies, or mechanical and traumatic disorders (e.g., spinal cord disorders, head trauma, cerebrovascular disease, and stoke).
  • diseases associated with peripheral nerve injuries e.g., resulting from chemotherapy or other medical therapies
  • peripheral neuropathy e.g., resulting from chemotherapy or other medical therapies
  • localized neuropathies e.g., central nervous system diseases
  • central nervous system diseases e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Shy- Drager syndrome
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may have chemotaxis activity.
  • a chemotaxic molecule attracts or mobilizes cells (e.g., monocytes, fibroblasts, neutrophils, T-cells, mast cells, eosinophils, epithelial and/or endothelial cells) to a particular site in the body, such as inflammation, infection, or site of hype ⁇ roliferation.
  • the mobilized cells can then fight off and/or heal the particular trauma or abnormality.
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may increase chemotaxic activity of particular cells. These chemotactic molecules can then be used to treat inflammation, infection, hype ⁇ roliferative disorders, or any immune system disorder by increasing the number of cells targeted to a particular location in the body. For example, chemotaxic molecules can be used to treat wounds and other trauma to tissues by attracting immune cells to the injured location. Chemotactic molecules of the present invention can also attract fibroblasts, which can be used to treat wounds. It is also contemplated that a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention may inhibit chemotactic activity. These molecules could also be used to treat disorders. Thus, a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the present invention could be used as an inhibitor of chemotaxis.
  • a polypeptide of the present invention may be used to screen for molecules that bind to the polypeptide or for molecules to which the polypeptide binds.
  • the binding of the polypeptide and the molecule may activate (agonist), increase, inhibit (antagonist), or decrease activity of the polypeptide or the molecule bound.
  • Examples of such molecules include antibodies, oligonucleotides, proteins (e.g., receptors),or small molecules.
  • the molecule is closely related to the natural ligand of the polypeptide, e.g., a fragment of the ligand, or a natural substrate, a ligand, a structural or functional mimetic.
  • the molecule can be closely related to the natural receptor to which the polypeptide binds, or at least, a fragment of the receptor capable of being bound by the polypeptide (e.g., active site). In either case, the molecule can be rationally designed using known techniques.
  • the screening for these molecules involves producing appropriate cells which express the polypeptide, either as a secreted protein or on the cell membrane.
  • Preferred cells include cells from mammals, yeast, Drosophila, or E. coli.
  • Cells expressing the polypeptide (or cell membrane containing the expressed polypeptide) are then preferably contacted with a test compound potentially containing the molecule to observe binding, stimulation, or inhibition of activity of either the polypeptide or the molecule.
  • the assay may simply test binding of a candidate compound to the polypeptide, wherein binding is detected by a label, or in an assay involving competition with a labeled competitor. Further, the assay may test whether the candidate compound results in a signal generated by binding to the polypeptide.
  • the assay can be carried out using cell-free preparations, polypeptide/molecule affixed to a solid support, chemical libraries, or natural product mixtures.
  • the assay may also simply comprise the steps of mixing a candidate compound with a solution containing a polypeptide, measuring polypeptide/molecule activity or binding, and comparing the polypeptide/molecule activity or binding to a standard.
  • an ELISA assay can measure polypeptide level or activity in a sample (e.g., biological sample) using a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody.
  • the antibody can measure polypeptide level or activity by either binding, directly or indirectly, to the polypeptide or by competing with the polypeptide for a substrate.
  • the invention includes a method of identifying compounds which bind to a polypeptide of the invention comprising the steps of: (a) incubating a candidate binding compound with a polypeptide of the invention; and (b) determining if binding has occurred.
  • the invention includes a method of identifying agonists/antagonists comprising the steps of: (a) incubating a candidate compound with a polypeptide of the invention, (b) assaying a biological activity , and (b) determining if a biological activity of the polypeptide has been altered.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may also increase or decrease the differentiation or proliferation of embryonic stem cells, besides, as discussed above, hematopoietic lineage.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may also be used to modulate mammalian characteristics, such as body height, weight, hair color, eye color, skin, percentage of adipose tissue, pigmentation, size, and shape (e.g., cosmetic surgery).
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may be used to modulate mammalian metabolism affecting catabolism, anabolism, processing, utilization, and storage of energy.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may be used to change a mammal's mental state or physical state by influencing biorhythms, caricadic rhythms, depression (including depressive disorders), tendency for violence, tolerance for pain, reproductive capabilities (preferably by Activin or Inhibin-like activity), hormonal or endocrine levels, appetite, libido, memory, stress, or other cognitive qualities.
  • a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention may also be used as a food additive or preservative, such as to increase or decrease storage capabilities, fat content, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals, cofactors or other nutritional components.
  • nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least about 50 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X wherein X is any integer as defined in Table 1.
  • nucleic acid molecule wherein said sequence of contiguous nucleotides is included in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X in the range of positions beginning with the nucleotide at about the position of the 5' Nucleotide of the Clone Sequence and ending with the nucleotide at about the position of the 3' Nucleotide of the Clone Sequence as defined for SEQ ID NO:X in Table 1.
  • nucleic acid molecule wherein said sequence of contiguous nucleotides is included in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X in the range of positions beginning with the nucleotide at about the position of the 5' Nucleotide of the Start Codon and ending with the nucleotide at about the position of the 3' Nucleotide of the Clone Sequence as defined for SEQ ID NO:X in Table 1.
  • nucleic acid molecule wherein said sequence of contiguous nucleotides is included in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X in the range of positions beginning with the nucleotide at about the position of the 5' Nucleotide of the First Amino Acid of the Signal Peptide and ending with the nucleotide at about the position of the 3' Nucleotide of the Clone Sequence as defined for SEQ ID NO:X in Table 1.
  • an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least about 150 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X. Further preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least about 500 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X.
  • a further preferred embodiment is a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X beginning with the nucleotide at about the position of the 5' Nucleotide of the First Amino Acid of the Signal Peptide and ending with the nucleotide at about the position of the 3' Nucleotide of the Clone Sequence as defined for SEQ ID NO:X in Table 1.
  • a further preferred embodiment is an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to the complete nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X. Also preferred is an isolated nucleic acid molecule which hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions to a nucleic acid molecule, wherein said nucleic acid molecule which hybridizes does not hybridize under stringent hybridization conditions to a nucleic acid molecule having a nucleotide sequence consisting of only A residues or of only T residues.
  • composition of matter comprising a DNA molecule which comprises a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1, which DNA molecule is contained in the material deposited with the American Type Culture Collection and given the ATCC Deposit Number shown in Table 1 for said cDNA Clone Identifier.
  • nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1, which DNA molecule is contained in the deposit given the ATCC Deposit Number shown in Table 1.
  • nucleic acid molecule wherein said sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides is included in the nucleotide sequence of the complete open reading frame sequence encoded by said human cDNA clone.
  • nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to sequence of at least 150 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence encoded by said human cDNA clone.
  • a further preferred embodiment is an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to sequence of at least 500 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence encoded by said human cDNA clone.
  • a further preferred embodiment is an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to the complete nucleotide sequence encoded by said human cDNA clone.
  • a further preferred embodiment is a method for detecting in a biological sample a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X wherein X is any integer as defined in Table 1 ; and a nucleotide sequence encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1 ; which method comprises a step of comparing a nucleotide sequence of at least one nucleic acid molecule in said sample with a sequence selected from said group and determining whether the sequence of said nucleic acid molecule in said sample is at least 95% identical to said selected sequence.
  • said step of comparing sequences comprises determining the extent of nucleic acid hybridization between nucleic acid molecules in said sample and a nucleic acid molecule comprising said sequence selected from said group.
  • said step of comparing sequences is performed by comparing the nucleotide sequence determined from a nucleic acid molecule in said sample with said sequence selected from said group.
  • the nucleic acid molecules can comprise DNA molecules or RNA molecules.
  • a further preferred embodiment is a method for identifying the species, tissue or cell type of a biological sample which method comprises a step of detecting nucleic acid molecules in said sample, if any, comprising a nucleotide sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X wherein X is any integer as defined in Table 1; and a nucleotide sequence encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • the method for identifying the species, tissue or cell type of a biological sample can comprise a step of detecting nucleic acid molecules comprising a nucleotide sequence in a panel of at least two nucleotide sequences, wherein at least one sequence in said panel is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides in a sequence selected from said group.
  • a method for diagnosing in a subject a pathological condition associated with abnormal structure or expression of a gene encoding a secreted protein identified in Table 1 comprises a step of detecting in a biological sample obtained from said subject nucleic acid molecules, if any, comprising a nucleotide sequence that is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X wherein X is any integer as defined in Table 1 ; and a nucleotide sequence encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • the method for diagnosing a pathological condition can comprise a step of detecting nucleic acid molecules comprising a nucleotide sequence in a panel of at least two nucleotide sequences, wherein at least one sequence in said panel is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides in a sequence selected from said group.
  • composition of matter comprising isolated nucleic acid molecules wherein the nucleotide sequences of said nucleic acid molecules comprise a panel of at least two nucleotide sequences, wherein at least one sequence in said panel is at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least 50 contiguous nucleotides in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:X wherein X is any integer as defined in Table 1 ; and a nucleotide sequence encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDN A clone in Table 1.
  • the nucleic acid molecules can comprise DNA molecules or RNA molecules. Also preferred is an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least about 10 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1.
  • polypeptide wherein said sequence of contiguous amino acids is included in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y in the range of positions beginning with the residue at about the position of the First Amino Acid of the Secreted Portion and ending with the residue at about the Last Amino Acid of the Open Reading Frame as set forth for SEQ ID NO:Y in Table 1.
  • an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least about 30 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: Y.
  • an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least about 100 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y.
  • an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the complete amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y.
  • an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least about 10 contiguous amino acids in the complete amino acid sequence of a secreted protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • polypeptide wherein said sequence of contiguous amino acids is included in the amino acid sequence of a secreted portion of the secreted protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least about 30 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence of the secreted portion of the protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of at least about 100 contiguous amino acids in the amino acid sequence of the secreted portion of the protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of the secreted portion of the protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • an isolated antibody which binds specifically to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1 ; and a complete amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • a method for detecting in a biological sample a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence which is at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1 ; and a complete amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1 ; which method comprises a step of comparing an amino acid sequence of at least one polypeptide molecule in said sample with a sequence selected from said group and determining whether the sequence of said polypeptide molecule in said sample is at least 90% identical to said sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids.
  • said step of comparing an amino acid sequence of at least one polypeptide molecule in said sample with a sequence selected from said group comprises determining the extent of specific binding of polypeptides in said sample to an antibody which binds specifically to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1; and a complete amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1. Also preferred is the above method wherein said step of comparing sequences is performed by comparing the amino acid sequence determined from a polypeptide molecule in said sample with said sequence selected from said group.
  • a method for identifying the species, tissue or cell type of a biological sample comprises a step of detecting polypeptide molecules in said sample, if any, comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1 ; and a complete amino acid sequence of a secreted protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • the above method for identifying the species, tissue or cell type of a biological sample comprises a step of detecting polypeptide molecules comprising an amino acid sequence in a panel of at least two amino acid sequences, wherein at least one sequence in said panel is at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids in a sequence selected from the above group.
  • a method for diagnosing in a subject a pathological condition associated with abnormal structure or expression of a gene encoding a secreted protein identified in Table 1 comprises a step of detecting in a biological sample obtained from said subject polypeptide molecules comprising an amino acid sequence in a panel of at least two amino acid sequences, wherein at least one sequence in said panel is at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1 ; and a complete amino acid sequence of a secreted protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • the step of detecting said polypeptide molecules includes using an antibody.
  • an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence which is at least 95% identical to a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide wherein said polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence of at least 10 contiguous amino acids in a sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1 ; and a complete amino acid sequence of a secreted protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDNA clone in Table 1.
  • nucleic acid molecule wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide has been optimized for expression of said polypeptide in a prokaryotic host.
  • isolated nucleic acid molecule wherein said polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:Y wherein Y is any integer as defined in Table 1; and a complete amino acid sequence of a secreted protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said cDN A clone in Table 1.
  • a method of making a recombinant vector comprising inserting any of the above isolated nucleic acid molecule into a vector. Also preferred is the recombinant vector produced by this method. Also preferred is a method of making a recombinant host cell comprising introducing the vector into a host cell, as well as the recombinant host cell produced by this method.
  • a method of making an isolated polypeptide comprising culturing this recombinant host cell under conditions such that said polypeptide is expressed and recovering said polypeptide. Also preferred is this method of making an isolated polypeptide, wherein said recombinant host cell is a eukaryotic cell and said polypeptide is a secreted portion of a human secreted protein comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: Y beginning with the residue at the position of the First Amino Acid of the Secreted Portion of SEQ ID NO: Y wherein Y is an integer set forth in Table 1 and said position of the First Amino Acid of the Secreted Portion of SEQ ID NO: Y is defined in Table 1 ; and an amino acid sequence of a secreted portion of a protein encoded by a human cDNA clone identified by a cDNA Clone Identifier in Table 1 and contained in the deposit with the ATCC Deposit Number shown for said c
  • Also preferred is a method of treatment of an individual in need of an increased level of a secreted protein activity which method comprises administering to such an individual a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of an isolated polypeptide, polynucleotide, or antibody of the claimed invention effective to increase the level of said protein activity in said individual.
  • Example 1 Isolation of a Selected cDNA Clone From the Deposited Sample
  • Each cDNA clone in a cited ATCC deposit is contained in a plasmid vector.
  • Table 1 identifies the vectors used to construct the cDNA library from which each clone was isolated.
  • the vector used to construct the library is a phage vector from which a plasmid has been excised.
  • the table immediately below correlates the related plasmid for each phage vector used in constructing the cDNA library. For example, where a particular clone is identified in Table 1 as being isolated in the vector "Lambda Zap," the corresponding deposited clone is in "pBluescript.”
  • pBS contains an ampicillin resistance gene and pBK contains a neomycin resistance gene. Both can be transformed into E. coli strain XL-1 Blue, also available from Stratagene.
  • pBS comes in 4 forms SK+, SK-, KS+ and KS.
  • the S and K refers to the orientation of the polylinker to the T7 and T3 primer sequences which flank the polylinker region ("S" is for SacI and “K” is for Kpnl which are the first sites on each respective end of the linker). "+” or “-” refer to the orientation of the fl origin of replication ("ori"), such that in one orientation, single stranded rescue initiated from the f 1 ori generates sense strand DNA and in the other, antisense.
  • ori orientation of the fl origin of replication
  • Vectors pSportl, pCMVSport 2.0 and pCMVSport 3.0 were obtained from Life Technologies, Inc., P. O. Box 6009, Gaithersburg, MD 20897. All Sport vectors contain an ampicillin resistance gene and may be transformed into E. coli strain DH10B, also available from Life Technologies. (See, for instance, Gruber, C. E., et al., Focus 15:59 (1993).) Vector lafmid BA (Bento Soares, Columbia University, NY) contains an ampicillin resistance gene and can be transformed into E. coli strain XL-1 Blue.
  • Vector pCR ® 2.1 which is available from Invitrogen, 1600 Faraday Avenue, Carlsbad, CA 92008, contains an ampicillin resistance gene and may be transformed into E.
  • a polynucleotide of the present invention does not comprise the phage vector sequences identified for the particular clone in Table 1, as well as the corresponding plasmid vector sequences designated above.
  • each ATCC deposit sample cited in Table 1 comprises a mixture of approximately equal amounts (by weight) of about 50 plasmid DNAs, each containing a different cDNA clone; but such a deposit sample may include plasmids for more or less than 50 cDNA clones, up to about 500 cDNA clones.
  • Two approaches can be used to isolate a particular clone from the deposited sample of plasmid DNAs cited for that clone in Table 1.
  • a plasmid is directly isolated by screening the clones using a polynucleotide probe corresponding to SEQ ID NO:X.
  • a specific polynucleotide with 30-40 nucleotides is synthesized using an Applied Biosystems DNA synthesizer according to the sequence reported.
  • the oligonucleotide is labeled, for instance, with 2 P- ⁇ -ATP using T4 polynucleotide kinase and purified according to routine methods.
  • T4 polynucleotide kinase T4 polynucleotide kinase and purified according to routine methods.
  • the plasmid mixture is transformed into a suitable host, as indicated above (such as XL-1 Blue (Stratagene)) using techniques known to those of skill in the art, such as those provided by the vector supplier or in related publications or patents cited above.
  • the transformants are plated on 1.5% agar plates (containing the appropriate selection agent, e.g., ampicillin) to a density of about 150 transformants (colonies) per plate. These plates are screened using Nylon membranes according to routine methods for bacterial colony screening (e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edit., (1989), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pages 1.93 to 1.104), or other techniques known to those of skill in the art.
  • appropriate selection agent e.g., ampicillin
  • two primers of 17-20 nucleotides derived from both ends of the SEQ ID NO:X are synthesized and used to amplify the desired cDNA using the deposited cDNA plasmid as a template.
  • the polymerase chain reaction is carried out under routine conditions, for instance, in 25 ⁇ l of reaction mixture with 0.5 ug of the above cDNA template.
  • a convenient reaction mixture is 1.5-5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.01% (w/v) gelatin, 20 ⁇ M each of dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP, 25 pmol of each primer and 0.25 Unit of Taq polymerase.
  • Thirty five cycles of PCR (denaturation at 94°C for 1 min; annealing at 55°C for 1 min; elongation at 72°C for 1 min) are performed with a Perkin-Elmer Cetus automated thermal cycler.
  • the amplified product is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and the DNA band with expected molecular weight is excised and purified.
  • the PCR product is verified to be the selected sequence by subcloning and sequencing the DNA product.
  • RNA oligonucleotide is ligated to the 5' ends of a population of RNA presumably containing full-length gene RNA transcripts.
  • a primer set containing a primer specific to the ligated RNA oligonucleotide and a primer specific to a known sequence of the gene of interest is used to PCR amplify the 5' portion of the desired full-length gene. This amplified product may then be sequenced and used to generate the full length gene.
  • RNA preparation can then be treated with phosphatase if necessary to eliminate 5' phosphate groups on degraded or damaged
  • RNA which may interfere with the later RNA ligase step.
  • the phosphatase should then be inactivated and the RNA treated with tobacco acid pyrophosphatase in order to remove the cap structure present at the 5' ends of messenger RNAs.
  • This reaction leaves a 5' phosphate group at the 5' end of the cap cleaved RNA which can then be ligated to an RNA oligonucleotide using T4 RNA ligase.
  • This modified RNA preparation is used as a template for first strand cDNA synthesis using a gene specific oligonucleotide.
  • the first strand synthesis reaction is used as a template for PCR amplification of the desired 5' end using a primer specific to the ligated RNA oligonucleotide and a primer specific to the known sequence of the gene of interest.
  • the resultant product is then sequenced and analyzed to confirm that the 5' end sequence belongs to the desired gene.
  • a human genomic PI library (Genomic Systems, Inc.) is screened by PCR using primers selected for the cDNA sequence corresponding to SEQ ID NO:X., according to the method described in Example 1. (See also, Sambrook.)
  • Tissue distribution of mRNA expression of polynucleotides of the present invention is determined using protocols for Northern blot analysis, described by, among others, Sambrook et al.
  • a cDNA probe produced by the method described in Example 1 is labeled with P 32 using the rediprimeTM DNA labeling system (Amersham Life Science), according to manufacturer's instructions.
  • the probe is purified using CHROMA SPIN-100TM column (Clontech Laboratories, Inc.), according to manufacturer's protocol number PT 1200-1. The purified labeled probe is then used to examine various human tissues for mRNA expression.
  • MTN Multiple Tissue Northern
  • H human tissues
  • IM human immune system tissues
  • Example 4 Chromosomal Mapping of the Polynucleotides
  • An oligonucleotide primer set is designed according to the sequence at the 5' end of SEQ ID NO:X. This primer preferably spans about 100 nucleotides. This primer set is then used in a polymerase chain reaction under the following set of conditions : 30 seconds, 95°C; 1 minute, 56°C; 1 minute, 70°C. This cycle is repeated
  • a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the present invention is amplified using PCR oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 5' and 3' ends of the DNA sequence, as outlined in Example 1, to synthesize insertion fragments.
  • the primers used to amplify the cDNA insert should preferably contain restriction sites, such as BamHI and Xbal, at the 5' end of the primers in order to clone the amplified product into the expression vector.
  • restriction sites such as BamHI and Xbal
  • BamHI and Xbal correspond to the restriction enzyme sites on the bacterial expression vector pQE-9. (Qiagen, Inc., Chatsworth,
  • This plasmid vector encodes antibiotic resistance (Amp r ), a bacterial origin of replication (ori), an IPTG-regulatable promoter/operator (P/O), a ribosome binding site (RBS), a 6-histidine tag (6-His), and restriction enzyme cloning sites.
  • the pQE-9 vector is digested with BamHI and Xbal and the amplified fragment is ligated into the pQE-9 vector maintaining the reading frame initiated at the bacterial RBS.
  • the ligation mixture is then used to transform the E. coli strain M15/rep4 (Qiagen, Inc.) which contains multiple copies of the plasmid pREP4, which expresses the lad repressor and also confers kanamycin resistance (Kan r ). Transformants are identified by their ability to grow on LB plates and ampicillin/kanamycin resistant colonies are selected. Plasmid DNA is isolated and confirmed by restriction analysis.
  • Clones containing the desired constructs are grown overnight (O/N) in liquid culture in LB media supplemented with both Amp (100 ug/ml) and Kan (25 ug/ml).
  • the O/N culture is used to inoculate a large culture at a ratio of 1 : 100 to 1 :250.
  • the cells are grown to an optical density 600 (O.D. 600 ) of between 0.4 and 0.6.
  • IPTG Isopropyl-B-D-thiogalacto pyranoside
  • IPTG induces by inactivating the lad repressor, clearing the P/O leading to increased gene expression.
  • Cells are grown for an extra 3 to 4 hours.
  • Ni-NTA nickel-nitrilo-tri-acetic acid
  • the supernatant is loaded onto the column in 6 M guanidine-HCl, pH 8, the column is first washed with 10 volumes of 6 M guanidine-HCl, pH 8, then washed with 10 volumes of 6 M guanidine-HCl pH 6, and finally the polypeptide is eluted with 6 M guanidine-HCl, pH 5.
  • the purified protein is then renatured by dialyzing it against phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 50 mM Na-acetate, pH 6 buffer plus 200 mM NaCl.
  • PBS phosphate-buffered saline
  • the protein can be successfully refolded while immobilized on the Ni-NTA column.
  • the recommended conditions are as follows: renature using a linear 6M-1M urea gradient in 500 mM NaCl, 20% glycerol, 20 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.4, containing protease inhibitors.
  • the renaturation should be performed over a period of 1.5 hours or more.
  • the proteins are eluted by the addition of 250 mM immidazole. Immidazole is removed by a final dialyzing step against PBS or 50 mM sodium acetate pH 6 buffer plus 200 mM NaCl.
  • the purified protein is stored at 4°C or frozen at -80° C.
  • the present invention further includes an expression vector comprising phage operator and promoter elements operatively linked to a polynucleotide of the present invention, called pHE4a.
  • This vector contains: 1) a neomycinphosphotransferase gene as a selection marker, 2) an E. coli origin of replication, 3) a T5 phage promoter sequence, 4) two lac operator sequences, 5) a Shine -Delgarno sequence, and 6) the lactose operon repressor gene (laclq).
  • the origin of replication (oriC) is derived from pUC19 (LTI, Gaithersburg, MD). The promoter sequence and operator sequences are made synthetically.
  • DNA can be inserted into the pHEa by restricting the vector with Ndel and Xbal, BamHI, Xhol, or Asp718, running the restricted product on a gel, and isolating the larger fragment (the stuff er fragment should be about 310 base pairs).
  • the DNA insert is generated according to the PCR protocol described in Example 1 , using PCR primers having restriction sites for Ndel (5' primer) and Xbal, BamHI, Xhol, or Asp718 (3' primer).
  • the PCR insert is gel purified and restricted with compatible enzymes.
  • the insert and vector are ligated according to standard protocols.
  • the engineered vector could easily be substituted in the above protocol to express protein in a bacterial system.
  • Example 6 Purification of a Polypeptide from an Inclusion Body
  • the following alternative method can be used to purify a polypeptide expressed in E coli when it is present in the form of inclusion bodies. Unless otherwise specified, all of the following steps are conducted at 4-10°C. Upon completion of the production phase of the E. coli fermentation, the cell culture is cooled to 4-10°C and the cells harvested by continuous centrifugation at
  • the cells are then lysed by passing the solution through a microfluidizer (Microfuidics, Co ⁇ . or APV Gaulin, Inc.) twice at 4000-6000 psi.
  • the homogenate is then mixed with NaCl solution to a final concentration of 0.5 M NaCl, followed by centrifugation at 7000 xg for 15 min.
  • the resultant pellet is washed again using 0.5M NaCl, 100 mM Tris, 50 mM EDTA, pH 7.4.
  • the resulting washed inclusion bodies are solubilized with 1.5 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) for 2-4 hours. After 7000 xg centrifugation for 15 min., the pellet is discarded and the polypeptide containing supernatant is incubated at 4°C overnight to allow further GuHCl extraction.
  • guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl)
  • the GuHCl solubilized protein is refolded by quickly mixing the GuHCl extract with 20 volumes of buffer containing 50 mM sodium, pH 4.5, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA by vigorous stirring.
  • the refolded diluted protein solution is kept at 4°C without mixing for 12 hours prior to further purification steps.
  • the diluted sample is then loaded onto a previously prepared set of tandem columns of strong anion (Poros HQ-50, Perseptive Biosystems) and weak anion (Poros CM-20, Perseptive Biosystems) exchange resins.
  • the columns are equilibrated with 40 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0. Both columns are washed with 40 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0, 200 mM NaCl.
  • the CM-20 column is then eluted using a 10 column volume linear gradient ranging from 0.2 M NaCl, 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0 to 1.0 M NaCl, 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.5. Fractions are collected under constant A 2g0 monitoring of the effluent.
  • the purified protein can also be tested for endotoxin/LPS contamination, and typically the LPS content is less than 0.1 ng/ml according to LAL assays.
  • Example 7 Cloning and Expression of a Polypeptide in a Baculovirus Expression System
  • the plasmid shuttle vector pA2 is used to insert a polynucleotide into a baculovirus to express a polypeptide.
  • This expression vector contains the strong polyhedrin promoter of the Autographa calif ornica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) followed by convenient restriction sites such as BamHI, Xba I and Asp718.
  • the polyadenylation site of the simian virus 40 (“SV40”) is used for efficient polyadenylation.
  • the plasmid contains the beta-galactosidase gene from E.
  • coli under control of a weak Drosophila promoter in the same orientation, followed by the polyadenylation signal of the polyhedrin gene.
  • the inserted genes are flanked on both sides by viral sequences for cell-mediated homologous recombination with wild-type viral DNA to generate a viable virus that express the cloned polynucleotide.
  • baculovirus vectors can be used in place of the vector above, such as pAc373, pVL941, and pAcIMl, as one skilled in the art would readily appreciate, as long as the construct provides appropriately located signals for transcription, translation, secretion and the like, including a signal peptide and an in-frame AUG as required.
  • Such vectors are described, for instance, in Luckow et al., Virology 170:31- 39 (1989).
  • the cDNA sequence contained in the deposited clone is amplified using the PCR protocol described in Example 1. If the naturally occurring signal sequence is used to produce the secreted protein, the pA2 vector does not need a second signal peptide.
  • the vector can be modified (pA2 GP) to include a baculovirus leader sequence, using the standard methods described in Summers et al., "A Manual of Methods for Baculovirus Vectors and Insect Cell Culture Procedures," Texas Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin No. 1555 (1987).
  • the amplified fragment is isolated from a 1 % agarose gel using a commercially available kit ("Geneclean,” BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Ca.). The fragment then is digested with appropriate restriction enzymes and again purified on a 1% agarose gel. The plasmid is digested with the corresponding restriction enzymes and optionally, can be dephosphorylated using calf intestinal phosphatase, using routine procedures known in the art. The DNA is then isolated from a 1 % agarose gel using a commercially available kit ("Geneclean" BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Ca.).
  • E. coli HB101 or other suitable E. coli hosts such as XL-1 Blue
  • a plasmid containing the polynucleotide Five ⁇ g of a plasmid containing the polynucleotide is co-transfected with 1.0 ⁇ g of a commercially available linearized baculovirus DNA ("BaculoGoldTM baculovirus DNA", Pharmingen, San Diego, CA), using the lipofection method described by Feigner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7413-7417 (1987).
  • BaculoGoldTM virus DNA and 5 ⁇ g of the plasmid are mixed in a sterile well of a microtiter plate containing 50 ⁇ l of serum-free Grace's medium (Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, MD).
  • plaque assay After four days the supernatant is collected and a plaque assay is performed, as described by Summers and Smith, supra.
  • An agarose gel with "Blue Gal” (Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg) is used to allow easy identification and isolation of gal-expressing clones, which produce blue-stained plaques.
  • a detailed description of a "plaque assay” of this type can also be found in the user's guide for insect cell culture and baculovirology distributed by Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, page 9-10.
  • blue stained plaques are picked with the tip of a micropipettor (e.g., Eppendorf).
  • the agar containing the recombinant viruses is then resuspended in a microcentrifuge tube containing 200 ⁇ l of Grace's medium and the suspension containing the recombinant baculovirus is used to infect Sf9 cells seeded in 35 mm dishes. Four days later the supernatants of these culture dishes are harvested and then they are stored at 4° C. To verify the expression of the polypeptide, Sf9 cells are grown in Grace's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS. The cells are infected with the recombinant baculovirus containing the polynucleotide at a multiplicity of infection ("MOI") of about 2.
  • MOI multiplicity of infection
  • radiolabeled proteins are desired, 6 hours later the medium is removed and is replaced with SF900 II medium minus methionine and cysteine (available from Life Technologies Inc., Rockville, MD). After 42 hours, 5 ⁇ Ci of 35 S- methionine and 5 ⁇ Ci 5 S-cysteine (available from Amersham) are added. The cells are further incubated for 16 hours and then are harvested by centrifugation. The proteins in the supernatant as well as the intracellular proteins are analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography (if radiolabeled). Microsequencing of the amino acid sequence of the amino terminus of purified protein may be used to determine the amino terminal sequence of the produced protein.
  • Example 8 Expression of a Polypeptide in Mammalian Cells
  • the polypeptide of the present invention can be expressed in a mammalian cell.
  • a typical mammalian expression vector contains a promoter element, which mediates the initiation of transcription of mRNA, a protein coding sequence, and signals required for the termination of transcription and polyadenylation of the transcript. Additional elements include enhancers, Kozak sequences and intervening sequences flanked by donor and acceptor sites for RNA splicing. Highly efficient transcription is achieved with the early and late promoters from SV40, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) from Retroviruses, e.g., RSV, HTLVI, HIVI and the early promoter of the cytomegalovirus (CMV).
  • LTRs long terminal repeats
  • Suitable expression vectors for use in practicing the present invention include, for example, vectors such as pSVL and pMSG (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden), pRSVcat (ATCC 37152), pSV2dhfr (ATCC 37146), pBC12MI (ATCC 67109), pCMVSport 2.0, and pCMVSport 3.0.
  • Mammalian host cells that could be used include, human Hela, 293, H9 and Jurkat cells, mouse NIH3T3 and C127 cells, Cos 1, Cos 7 and CV1, quail QC1-3 cells, mouse L cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
  • the polypeptide can be expressed in stable cell lines containing the polynucleotide integrated into a chromosome.
  • a selectable marker such as dhfr, gpt, neomycin, hygromycin allows the identification and isolation of the transfected cells.
  • the transfected gene can also be amplified to express large amounts of the encoded protein.
  • the DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) marker is useful in developing cell lines that carry several hundred or even several thousand copies of the gene of interest. (See, e.g., Alt, F. W., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 253:1357-1370 (1978); Hamlin, J. L. and Ma, C, Biochem. et Biophys. Acta, 1097:107-143 (1990); Page, M. J. and Sydenham, M.
  • Another useful selection marker is the enzyme glutamine synthase (GS) (Mu ⁇ hy et al., Biochem J. 227:277-279 (1991); Bebbington et al., Bio/Technology 10: 169-175 (1992).
  • GS glutamine synthase
  • the mammalian cells are grown in selective medium and the cells with the highest resistance are selected.
  • These cell lines contain the amplified gene(s) integrated into a chromosome.
  • Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and NSO cells are often used for the production of proteins.
  • Derivatives of the plasmid pSV2-dhfr (ATCC Accession No. 37146), the expression vectors pC4 (ATCC Accession No. 209646) and pC6 (ATCC Accession No.209647) contain the strong promoter (LTR) of the Rous Sarcoma Virus (Cullen et al., Molecular and Cellular Biology, 438-447 (March, 1985)) plus a fragment of the CMV-enhancer (Boshart et al., Cell 41:521-530 (1985).) Multiple cloning sites, e.g., with the restriction enzyme cleavage sites BamHI, Xbal and Asp718, facilitate the cloning of the gene of interest.
  • the vectors also contain the 3' intron, the polyadenylation and termination signal of the rat preproinsulin gene, and the mouse DHFR gene under control of the SV40 early promoter.
  • the plasmid pC6, for example, is digested with appropriate restriction enzymes and then dephosphorylated using calf intestinal phosphates by procedures known in the art.
  • the vector is then isolated from a 1% agarose gel.
  • a polynucleotide of the present invention is amplified according to the protocol outlined in Example 1. If the naturally occurring signal sequence is used to produce the secreted protein, the vector does not need a second signal peptide. Alternatively, if the naturally occurring signal sequence is not used, the vector can be modified to include a heterologous signal sequence. (See, e.g., WO 96/34891.)
  • the amplified fragment is isolated from a 1% agarose gel using a commercially available kit ("Geneclean,” BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Ca.). The fragment then is digested with appropriate restriction enzymes and again purified on a 1 % agarose gel.
  • the amplified fragment is then digested with the same restriction enzyme and purified on a 1% agarose gel.
  • the isolated fragment and the dephosphorylated vector are then ligated with T4 DNA ligase.
  • E. coli HB101 or XL-1 Blue cells are then transformed and bacteria are identified that contain the fragment inserted into plasmid pC6 using, for instance, restriction enzyme analysis.
  • Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking an active DHFR gene is used for transfection.
  • Five ⁇ g of the expression plasmid pC6 is cotransfected with 0.5 ⁇ g of the plasmid pSVneo using lipofectin (Feigner et al., supra).
  • the plasmid pSV2-neo contains a dominant selectable marker, the neo gene from Tn5 encoding an enzyme that confers resistance to a group of antibiotics including G418.
  • the cells are seeded in alpha minus MEM supplemented with 1 mg/ml G418.
  • the cells are trypsinized and seeded in hybridoma cloning plates (Greiner, Germany) in alpha minus MEM supplemented with 10, 25, or 50 ng/ml of metothrexate plus 1 mg/ml G418. After about 10-14 days single clones are trypsinized and then seeded in 6-well petri dishes or 10 ml flasks using different concentrations of methotrexate (50 nM, 100 nM, 200 nM, 400 nM, 800 nM).
  • methotrexate 50 nM, 100 nM, 200 nM, 400 nM, 800 nM.
  • Clones growing at the highest concentrations of methotrexate are then transferred to new 6-well plates containing even higher concentrations of methotrexate (1 ⁇ M, 2 ⁇ M, 5 ⁇ M, 10 mM, 20 mM). The same procedure is repeated until clones are obtained which grow at a concentration of 100 - 200 ⁇ M.
  • Expression of the desired gene product is analyzed, for instance, by SDS- PAGE and Western blot or by reversed phase HPLC analysis.
  • Example 9 Protein Fusions
  • the polypeptides of the present invention are preferably fused to other proteins.
  • fusion proteins can be used for a variety of applications. For example, fusion of the present polypeptides to His-tag, HA-tag, protein A, IgG domains, and maltose binding protein facilitates purification. (See Example 5; see also EP A 394,827; Traunecker, et al., Nature 331 :84-86 (1988).) Similarly, fusion to IgG-1, IgG-3, and albumin increases the halflife time in vivo. Nuclear localization signals fused to the polypeptides of the present invention can target the protein to a specific subcellular localization, while covalent heterodimer or homodimers can increase or decrease the activity of a fusion protein. Fusion proteins can also create chimeric molecules having more than one function.
  • fusion proteins can increase solubility and/or stability of the fused protein compared to the non-fused protein. All of the types of fusion proteins described above can be made by modifying the following protocol, which outlines the fusion of a polypeptide to an IgG molecule, or the protocol described in Example 5.
  • the human Fc portion of the IgG molecule can be PCR amplified, using primers that span the 5' and 3' ends of the sequence described below. These primers also should have convenient restriction enzyme sites that will facilitate cloning into an expression vector, preferably a mammalian expression vector.
  • the human Fc portion can be ligated into the BamHI cloning site. Note that the 3' BamHI site should be destroyed.
  • the vector containing the human Fc portion is re-restricted with BamHI, linearizing the vector, and a polynucleotide of the present invention, isolated by the PCR protocol described in Example 1 , is ligated into this BamHI site. Note that the polynucleotide is cloned without a stop codon, otherwise a fusion protein will not be produced.
  • pC4 does not need a second signal peptide.
  • the vector can be modified to include a heterologous signal sequence. (See, e.g., WO 96/34891.)
  • Example 10 Production of an Antibody from a Polypeptide
  • the antibodies of the present invention can be prepared by a variety of methods.
  • cells expressing a polypeptide of the present invention is administered to an animal to induce the production of sera containing polyclonal antibodies.
  • a preparation of the secreted protein is prepared and purified to render it substantially free of natural contaminants. Such a preparation is then introduced into an animal in order to produce polyclonal antisera of greater specific activity.
  • the antibodies of the present invention are monoclonal antibodies (or protein binding fragments thereof).
  • Such monoclonal antibodies can be prepared using hybridoma technology. (Kohler et al., Nature 256:495 (1975); Kohler et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 6:511 (1976); Kohler et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 6:292 (1976); Hammerling et al., in: Monoclonal Antibodies and T-Cell Hybridomas, Elsevier, N.Y., pp.
  • such procedures involve immunizing an animal (preferably a mouse) with polypeptide or, more preferably, with a secreted polypeptide-expressing cell.
  • Such cells may be cultured in any suitable tissue culture medium; however, it is preferable to culture cells in Earle's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (inactivated at about 56°C), and supplemented with about 10 g/1 of nonessential amino acids, about
  • the splenocytes of such mice are extracted and fused with a suitable myeloma cell line.
  • a suitable myeloma cell line may be employed in accordance with the present invention; however, it is preferable to employ the parent myeloma cell line (SP2O), available from the ATCC.
  • SP2O parent myeloma cell line
  • the resulting hybridoma cells are selectively maintained in HAT medium, and then cloned by limiting dilution as described by Wands et al. (Gastroenterology 80:225-232 (1981).)
  • the hybridoma cells obtained through such a selection are then assayed to identify clones which secrete antibodies capable of binding the polypeptide.
  • additional antibodies capable of binding to the polypeptide can be produced in a two-step procedure using anti-idiotypic antibodies.
  • Such a method makes use of the fact that antibodies are themselves antigens, and therefore, it is possible to obtain an antibody which binds to a second antibody.
  • protein specific antibodies are used to immunize an animal, preferably a mouse.
  • the splenocytes of such an animal are then used to produce hybridoma cells, and the hybridoma cells are screened to identify clones which produce an antibody whose ability to bind to the protein-specific antibody can be blocked by the polypeptide.
  • Such antibodies comprise anti-idiotypic antibodies to the protein-specific antibody and can be used to immunize an animal to induce formation of further protein-specific antibodies.
  • Fab and F(ab')2 and other fragments of the antibodies of the present invention may be used according to the methods disclosed herein.
  • Such fragments are typically produced by proteolytic cleavage, using enzymes such as papain (to produce Fab fragments) or pepsin (to produce F(ab')2 fragments).
  • enzymes such as papain (to produce Fab fragments) or pepsin (to produce F(ab')2 fragments).
  • secreted protein-binding fragments can be produced through the application of recombinant DNA technology or through synthetic chemistry.
  • “humanized” chimeric monoclonal antibodies Such antibodies can be produced using genetic constructs derived from hybridoma cells producing the monoclonal antibodies described above. Methods for producing chimeric antibodies are known in the art.
  • the following protocol produces a supernatant containing a polypeptide to be tested. This supernatant can then be used in the Screening Assays described in Examples 13-20.
  • dilute Poly-D-Lysine (644 587 Boehringer-Mannheim) stock solution (lmg/ml in PBS) 1:20 in PBS (w/o calcium or magnesium 17-516F Biowhittaker) for a working solution of 50ug/ml.
  • PBS w/o calcium or magnesium 17-516F Biowhittaker
  • the PBS should remain in the well until just prior to plating the cells and plates may be poly-lysine coated in advance for up to two weeks.
  • Plate 293T cells do not carry cells past P+20 at 2 x 10 5 cells/well in .5ml DMEM(Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium)(with 4.5 G/L glucose and L-glutamine (12-604F Biowhittaker))/10% heat inactivated FBS(14-503F Biowhittaker)/lx Penstrep(17-602E Biowhittaker). Let the cells grow overnight. The next day, mix together in a sterile solution basin: 300 ul Lipofectamine
  • one plate of vector DNA lacking an insert should be transfected with each set of transfections.
  • the transfection should be performed by tag -teaming the following tasks.
  • tags on time is cut in half, and the cells do not spend too much time on PBS.
  • person A aspirates off the media from four 24- well plates of cells, and then person B rinses each well with .5- lml PBS.
  • Person A then aspirates off PBS rinse, and person B, using al2-channel pipetter with tips on every other channel, adds the 200ul of DNA/Lipofectamine/Optimem I complex to the odd wells first, then to the even wells, to each row on the 24-well plates. Incubate at 37°C for 6 hours.
  • the transfection reaction is terminated, preferably by tag-teaming, at the end of the incubation period.
  • Person A aspirates off the transfection media, while person B adds 1.5ml appropriate media to each well.
  • Incubate at 37°C for 45 or 72 hours depending on the media used: 1 %BSA for 45 hours or CHO-5 for 72 hours.
  • the activity when activity is obtained in any of the assays described below using a supernatant, the activity originates from either the polypeptide directly (e.g., as a secreted protein) or by the polypeptide inducing expression of other proteins, which are then secreted into the supematant.
  • the invention further provides a method of identifying the protein in the supematant characterized by an activity in a particular assay.
  • Example 12 Construction of GAS Reporter Construct
  • One signal transduction pathway involved in the differentiation and proliferation of cells is called the Jaks-STATs pathway.
  • Activated proteins in the Jaks-STATs pathway bind to gamma activation site "GAS” elements or interferon-sensitive responsive element ("ISRE"), located in the promoter of many genes. The binding of a protein to these elements alter the expression of the associated gene.
  • GAS and ISRE elements are recognized by a class of transcription factors called
  • STATs Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription, or "STATs.” There are six members of the STATs family. Statl and Stat3 are present in many cell types, as is Stat2 (as response to IFN- alpha is widespread). Stat4 is more restricted and is not in many cell types though it has been found in T helper class I, cells after treatment with IL-12. Stat5 was originally called mammary growth factor, but has been found at higher concentrations in other cells including myeloid cells. It can be activated in tissue culture cells by many cytokines.
  • the STATs are activated to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon tyrosine phosphorylation by a set of kinases known as the Janus Kinase ("Jaks") family.
  • Jaks represent a distinct family of soluble tyrosine kinases and include Tyk2, Jakl, Jak2, and Jak3. These kinases display significant sequence similarity and are generally catalytically inactive in resting cells.
  • a cytokine receptor family capable of activating Jaks, is divided into two groups: (a) Class 1 includes receptors for IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-11, IL- 12, IL-15, Epo, PRL, GH, G-CSF, GM-CSF, LIF, CNTF, and thrombopoietin; and (b) Class 2 includes IFN-a, IFN-g, and IL-10.
  • the Class 1 receptors share a conserved cysteine motif (a set of four conserved cysteines and one tryptophan) and a WSXWS motif (a membrane proxial region encoding T ⁇ -Ser-Xxx-T ⁇ -Ser (SEQ ID NO:2)).
  • Jaks are activated, which in turn activate STATs, which then translocate and bind to GAS elements. This entire process is encompassed in the Jaks-STATs signal transduction pathway.
  • activation of the Jaks-STATs pathway can be used to indicate proteins involved in the proliferation and differentiation of cells.
  • growth factors and cytokines are known to activate the Jaks-STATs pathway. (See Table below.)
  • activators of the Jaks-STATs pathway can be identified.
  • IL-2 (lymphocytes) - + - + 1,3,5 GAS
  • IL-7 (lymphocytes) - + - + 5 GAS
  • IL-9 (lymphocytes) - + - + 5 GAS
  • a PCR based strategy is employed to generate a GAS-SV40 promoter sequence.
  • the 5' primer contains four tandem copies of the GAS binding site found in the IRFl promoter and previously demonstrated to bind STATs upon induction with a range of cytokines (Rothman et al., Immunity
  • the 5' primer also contains 18bp of sequence complementary to the SV40 early promoter sequence and is flanked with an Xhol site.
  • the sequence of the 5' primer is: 5 ' :GCGCCTCGAGATTTCCCCGAAATCTAGATTTCCCCGAAATGATTTCCCCG AAATGATTTCCCCGAAATATCTGCCATCTCAATTAG:3 ' (SEQ ID NO:3)
  • the downstream primer is complementary to the SV40 promoter and is flanked with a Hind III site: 5':GCGGCAAGCTTTTTGCAAAGCCTAGGC:3' (SEQ ID NO:4)
  • PCR amplification is performed using the SV40 promoter template present in the B-gal:promoter plasmid obtained from Clontech.
  • the resulting PCR fragment is digested with Xhol/Hind III and subcloned into BLSK2-. (Stratagene.) Sequencing with forward and reverse primers confirms that the insert contains the following sequence: 5 ' :CTCGAGATTTCCCCGAAATCTAGATTTCCCCGAAATGATTTCCCCGAAATG ATTTCCCCGAAATATCTGCCATCTCAATTAGTCAGCAACCATAGTCCCGCCC CTAACTCCGCCCATCCCGCCCCTAACTCCGCCCAGTTCCGCCCATTCTCCGC
  • GAS :SEAP2 reporter construct is next engineered.
  • the reporter molecule is a secreted alkaline phosphatase, or "SEAP.”
  • SEAP secreted alkaline phosphatase
  • reporter molecules that can be used instead of SEAP include chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), luciferase, alkaline phosphatase, B-galactosidase, green fluorescent protein (GFP), or any protein detectable by an antibody.
  • CAT chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
  • luciferase luciferase
  • alkaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase
  • B-galactosidase B-galactosidase
  • GFP green fluorescent protein
  • the above sequence confirmed synthetic GAS-SV40 promoter element is subcloned into the pSEAP-Promoter vector obtained from Clontech using Hindlll and Xhol, effectively replacing the SV40 promoter with the amplified GAS:SV40 promoter element, to create the GAS-SEAP vector.
  • this vector does not contain a neomycin resistance gene, and therefore, is not preferred for mammalian expression systems.
  • the GAS-SEAP cassette is removed from the GAS-SEAP vector using Sail and NotI, and inserted into a backbone vector containing the neomycin resistance gene, such as pGFP-1 (Clontech), using these restriction sites in the multiple cloning site, to create the GAS-SEAP/Neo vector.
  • pGFP-1 pGFP-1
  • HELA epidermal
  • HUVEC endothelial
  • Reh B-cell
  • Saos-2 osteoblast
  • HUVAC aortic
  • Cardiomyocyte a cell line
  • Example 13 High-Throughput Screening Assay for T-cell Activity.
  • T-cell activity is assessed using the GAS/SEAP Neo construct produced in Example 12.
  • factors that increase SEAP activity indicate the ability to activate the Jaks-STATS signal transduction pathway.
  • the T-cell used in this assay is Jurkat T-cells (ATCC Accession No. TIB-152), although Molt-3 cells (ATCC Accession No. CRL-1552) and Molt-4 cells (ATCC Accession No. CRL- 1582) cells can also be used.
  • Jurkat T-cells are lymphoblastic CD4+ Thl helper cells.
  • approximately 2 million Jurkat cells are transfected with the GAS- SEAP/neo vector using DMRIE-C (Life Technologies)(transfection procedure described below).
  • the transfected cells are seeded to a density of approximately 20,000 cells per well and transfectants resistant to 1 mg/ml genticin selected. Resistant colonies are expanded and then tested for their response to increasing concentrations of interferon gamma. The dose response of a selected clone is demonstrated.
  • the following protocol will yield sufficient cells for 75 wells containing 200 ul of cells. Thus, it is either scaled up, or performed in multiple to generate sufficient cells for multiple 96 well plates.
  • Jurkat cells are maintained in RPMI + 10% serum with l%Pen-Strep.
  • OPTI-MEM Life Technologies
  • the cells On the day of treatment with the supematant, the cells should be washed and resuspended in fresh RPMI + 10% serum to a density of 500,000 cells per ml. The exact number of cells required will depend on the number of supernatants being screened. For one 96 well plate, approximately 10 million cells (for 10 plates, 100 million cells) are required. Transfer the cells to a triangular reservoir boat, in order to dispense the cells into a 96 well dish, using a 12 channel pipette. Using a 12 channel pipette, transfer 200 ul of cells into each well (therefore adding 100, 000 cells per well).
  • the 96 well dishes containing Jurkat cells treated with supernatants are placed in an incubator for 48 hrs (note: this time is variable between 48-72 hrs). 35 ul samples from each well are then transferred to an opaque 96 well plate using a 12 channel pipette. The opaque plates should be covered (using sellophene covers) and stored at -
  • Example 14 High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifying Myeloid Activity
  • the following protocol is used to assess myeloid activity by identifying factors, such as growth factors and cytokines, that may proliferate or differentiate myeloid cells.
  • Myeloid cell activity is assessed using the GAS/SEAP/Neo construct produced in
  • Example 12 Thus, factors that increase SEAP activity indicate the ability to activate the Jaks-STATS signal transduction pathway.
  • the myeloid cell used in this assay is U937, a pre-monocyte cell line, although TF-1, HL60, or KG1 can be used.
  • the GAS-SEAP/U937 stable cells are obtained by growing the cells in 400 ug/ml G418.
  • the G418-free medium is used for routine growth but every one to two months, the cells should be re-grown in 400 ug/ml G418 for couple of passages.
  • Example 15 High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifying Neuronal Activity.
  • EGR1 early growth response gene 1
  • the promoter of EGR 1 is responsible for such induction.
  • EGR1 promoter linked to reporter molecules activation of cells can be assessed.
  • PC 12 cells rat phenochromocytoma cells
  • TPA tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate
  • NGF nerve growth factor
  • EGF epidermal growth factor
  • the EGR/SEAP reporter construct can be assembled by the following protocol.
  • the EGR-1 promoter sequence (-633 to +l)(Sakamoto K et al., Oncogene 6:867-871 (1991)) can be PCR amplified from human genomic DNA using the following primers:
  • EGR1 amplified product can then be inserted into this vector.
  • PC 12 cells are routinely grown in RPMI- 1640 medium (Bio Whittaker) containing 10% horse serum (JRH BIOSCIENCES, Cat. # 12449-78P), 5% heat- inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented with 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 ug/ml streptomycin on a precoated 10 cm tissue culture dish.
  • FBS heat- inactivated fetal bovine serum
  • EGR-SEAP/PC12 stable cells are obtained by growing the cells in 300 ug/ml G418.
  • the G418-free medium is used for routine growth but every one to two months, the cells should be re-grown in 300 ug/ml G418 for couple of passages.
  • To assay for neuronal activity a 10 cm plate with cells around 70 to 80% confluent is screened by removing the old medium. Wash the cells once with PBS (Phosphate buffered saline). Then starve the cells in low serum medium (RPMI- 1640 containing 1% horse serum and 0.5% FBS with antibiotics) overnight. The next morning, remove the medium and wash the cells with PBS. Scrape off the cells from the plate, suspend the cells well in 2 ml low serum medium. Count the cell number and add more low serum medium to reach final cell density as 5x10* cells/ml.
  • Example 17 Add 200 ul of the cell suspension to each well of 96-well plate (equivalent to lxlO 5 cells/well). Add 50 ul supernatant produced by Example 11, 37°C for 48 to 72 hr.
  • a growth factor known to activate PC 12 cells through EGR can be used, such as 50 ng/ul of Neuronal Growth Factor (NGF). Over fifty-fold induction of SEAP is typically seen in the positive control wells.
  • SEAP assay the supematant according to Example 17.
  • NF- ⁇ B Nuclear Factor KB
  • NF- ⁇ B is a transcription factor activated by a wide variety of agents including the inflammatory cytokines IL- 1 and TNF, CD30 and CD40, lymphotoxin-alpha and lymphotoxin-beta, by exposure to LPS or thrombin, and by expression of certain viral gene products.
  • NF- ⁇ B regulates the expression of genes involved in immune cell activation, control of apoptosis (NF-
  • KB appears to shield cells from apoptosis), B and T-cell development, anti-viral and antimicrobial responses, and multiple stress responses.
  • NF- KB is retained in the cytoplasm with I- ⁇ B (Inhibitor KB). However, upon stimulation, I- KB is phosphorylated and degraded, causing NF- KB to shuttle to the nucleus, thereby activating transcription of target genes.
  • Target genes activated by NF- KB include IL-2, IL-6, GM-CSF, ICAM-1 and class 1 MHC.
  • reporter constructs utilizing the NF- ⁇ B promoter element are used to screen the supernatants produced in Example 11.
  • Activators or inhibitors of NF-kB would be useful in treating diseases.
  • inhibitors of NF- ⁇ B could be used to treat those diseases related to the acute or chronic activation of NF-kB, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
  • the upstream primer contains four tandem copies of the NF- ⁇ B binding site (GGGGACTTTCCC) (SEQ ID NO:8), 18 bp of sequence complementary to the 5' end of the SV40 early promoter sequence, and is flanked with an Xhol site: 5 ' :GCGGCCTCGAGGGGACTTTCCCGGGGACTTTCCGGGGACTTTCCGGGAC TTTCCATCCTGCCATCTCAATTAG:3' (SEQ ID NO:9)
  • the downstream primer is complementary to the 3' end of the SV40 promoter and is flanked with a Hind III site:
  • PCR amplification is performed using the SV40 promoter template present in the pB-gal:promoter plasmid obtained from Clontech.
  • the resulting PCR fragment is digested with Xhol and Hind III and subcloned into BLSK2-. (Stratagene) Sequencing with the T7 and T3 primers confirms the insert contains the following sequence:
  • this vector does not contain a neomycin resistance gene, and therefore, is not preferred for mammalian expression systems.
  • the NF-KB/SV40/SEAP cassette is removed from the above NF-KB/SEAP vector using restriction enzymes Sail and NotI, and inserted into a vector containing neomycin resistance.
  • the NF-KB/SV40/SEAP cassette was inserted into pGFP-1 (Clontech), replacing the GFP gene, after restricting pGFP-1 with Sail and NotI.
  • SEAP activity is assayed using the Tropix Phospho-light Kit (Cat. BP-400) according to the following general procedure.
  • the Tropix Phospho-light Kit supplies the Dilution, Assay, and Reaction Buffers used below.
  • Example 18 High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifying Changes in Small Molecule Concentration and Membrane Permeability
  • Binding of a ligand to a receptor is known to alter intracellular levels of small molecules, such as calcium, potassium, sodium, and pH, as well as alter membrane potential. These alterations can be measured in an assay to identify supernatants which bind to receptors of a particular cell.
  • small molecules such as calcium, potassium, sodium, and pH
  • these alterations can be measured in an assay to identify supernatants which bind to receptors of a particular cell.
  • this protocol describes an assay for calcium, this protocol can easily be modified to detect changes in potassium, sodium, pH, membrane potential, or any other small molecule which is detectable by a fluorescent probe.
  • the following assay uses Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader ("FLIPR”) to measure changes in fluorescent molecules (Molecular Probes) that bind small molecules.
  • FLIPR Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader
  • any fluorescent molecule detecting a small molecule can be used instead of the calcium fluorescent molecule, fluo-3, used here.
  • adherent cells seed the cells at 10,000 -20,000 cells/well in a Co-star black
  • 96-well plate with clear bottom.
  • the plate is incubated in a CO 2 incubator for 20 hours.
  • the adherent cells are washed two times in Biotek washer with 200 ul of HBSS (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution) leaving 100 ul of buffer after the final wash.
  • a stock solution of 1 mg/ml fluo-3 is made in 10% pluronic acid DMSO.
  • 50 ul of 12 ug/ml fluo-3 is added to each well.
  • the plate is incubated at 37°C in a CO 2 incubator for 60 min.
  • the plate is washed four times in the Biotek washer with HBSS leaving 100 ul of buffer.
  • the cells are spun down from culture media.
  • Cells are re-suspended to 2-5xl0 6 cells/ml with HBSS in a 50-ml conical tube. 4 ul of 1 mg/ml fluo-3 solution in 10% pluronic acid DMSO is added to each ml of cell suspension. The tube is then placed in a 37°C water bath for 30-60 min. The cells are washed twice with HBSS, resuspended to 1x10 s cells/ml, and dispensed into a microplate, 100 ul/well. The plate is centrifuged at 1000 ⁇ m for 5 min. The plate is then washed once in Denley Cell Wash with 200 ul, followed by an aspiration step to 100 ul final volume.
  • each well contains a fluorescent molecule, such as fluo-3.
  • the supematant is added to the well, and a change in fluorescence is detected.
  • the FLIPR is set for the following parameters: (1) System gain is 300-800 mW; (2) Exposure time is 0.4 second; (3) Camera F/stop is F/2; (4) Excitation is 488 nm; (5) Emission is 530 nm; and (6) Sample addition is 50 ul. Increased emission at 530 nm indicates an extracellular signaling even which has resulted in an increase in the intracellular Ca"* -1" concentration.
  • the Protein Tyrosine Kinases represent a diverse group of transmembrane and cytoplasmic kinases. Within the Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase RPTK) group are receptors for a range of mitogenic and metabolic growth factors including the PDGF, FGF, EGF, NGF, HGF and Insulin receptor subfamilies. In addition there are a large family of RPTKs for which the corresponding ligand is unknown. Ligands for RPTKs include mainly secreted small proteins, but also membrane-bound and extracellular matrix proteins.
  • cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases include receptor associated tyrosine kinases of the src-family (e.g., src, yes, lck, lyn, fyn) and non- receptor linked and cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases, such as the Jak family, members of which mediate signal transduction triggered by the cytokine superfamily of receptors (e.g., the Interleukins, Interferons, GM-CSF, and Leptin).
  • src-family e.g., src, yes, lck, lyn, fyn
  • non- receptor linked and cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases such as the Jak family, members of which mediate signal transduction triggered by the cytokine superfamily of receptors (e.g., the Interleukins, Interferons, GM-CSF, and Leptin).
  • Seed target cells e.g., primary keratinocytes
  • Loprodyne Silent Screen Plates purchased from Nalge Nunc (Naperville, IL). The plates are sterilized with two 30 minute rinses with 100% ethanol, rinsed with water and dried overnight. Some plates are coated for 2 hr with 100 ml of cell culture grade type I collagen (50 mg/ml), gelatin (2%) or polylysine (50 mg/ml), all of which can be purchased from Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, MO) or 10% Matrigel purchased from Becton Dickinson (Bedford,MA), or calf serum, rinsed with PBS and stored at 4°C.
  • Cell growth on these plates is assayed by seeding 5,000 cells/well in growth medium and indirect quantitation of cell number through use of alamarBlue as described by the manufacturer Alamar Biosciences, Inc. (Sacramento, CA) after 48 hr.
  • Falcon plate covers #3071 from Becton Dickinson (Bedford,MA) are used to cover the Loprodyne Silent Screen Plates.
  • Falcon Microtest III cell culture plates can also be used in some proliferation experiments.
  • A431 cells are seeded onto the nylon membranes of Loprodyne plates (20,000/200ml well) and cultured overnight in complete medium. Cells are quiesced by incubation in serum-free basal medium for 24 hr.
  • the filtered extracts for levels of tyrosine kinase activity. Although many methods of detecting tyrosine kinase activity are known, one method is described here. Generally, the tyrosine kinase activity of a supematant is evaluated by determining its ability to phosphorylate a tyrosine residue on a specific substrate (a biotinylated peptide). Biotinylated peptides that can be used for this pu ⁇ ose include PSK1 (corresponding to amino acids 6-20 of the cell division kinase cdc2-p34) and PSK2 (corresponding to amino acids 1-17 of gastrin).
  • PSK1 corresponding to amino acids 6-20 of the cell division kinase cdc2-p34
  • PSK2 corresponding to amino acids 1-17 of gastrin
  • Both peptides are substrates for a range of tyrosine kinases and are available from Boehringer Mannheim.
  • the tyrosine kinase reaction is set up by adding the following components in order. First, add lOul of 5uM Biotinylated Peptide, then lOul ATP/Mg 2+ (5mM
  • the tyrosine kinase assay reaction is then terminated by adding 10 ul of 120mm EDTA and place the reactions on ice.
  • Tyrosine kinase activity is determined by transferring 50 ul aliquot of reaction mixture to a microtiter plate (MTP) module and incubating at 37°C for 20 min. This allows the streptavadin coated 96 well plate to associate with the biotinylated peptide. Wash the MTP module with 300ul/well of PBS four times. Next add 75 ul of anti- phospotyrosine antibody conjugated to horse radish peroxidase(anti-P-Tyr-
  • phosphorylation of major intracellular signal transduction intermediates
  • one particular assay can detect tyrosine phosphorylation of the Erk-1 and Erk-2 kinases.
  • phosphorylation of other molecules such as Raf, JNK, p38 MAP, Map kinase kinase (MEK), MEK kinase, Src, Muscle specific kinase (MuSK), IRAK, Tec, and Janus, as well as any other phosphoserine, phosphotyrosine, or phosphothreonine molecule, can be detected by substituting these molecules for Erk-1 or Erk-2 in the following assay.
  • assay plates are made by coating the wells of a 96-well ELISA plate with 0.1ml of protein G (lug/ml) for 2 hr at room temp, (RT). The plates are then rinsed with PBS and blocked with 3% BSA/PBS for 1 hr at RT. The protein G plates are then treated with 2 commercial monoclonal antibodies (lOOng/well) against Erk-1 and Erk-2 (1 hr at RT) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). (To detect other molecules, this step can easily be modified by substituting a monoclonal antibody detecting any of the above described molecules.) After 3-5 rinses with PBS, the plates are stored at 4°C until use.
  • A431 cells are seeded at 20,000/well in a 96-well Loprodyne filte ⁇ late and cultured overnight in growth medium. The cells are then starved for 48 hr in basal medium (DMEM) and then treated with EGF (6ng/well) or 50 ul of the supernatants obtained in Example 11 for 5-20 minutes. The cells are then solubilized and extracts filtered directly into the assay plate.
  • DMEM basal medium
  • EGF 6ng/well
  • 50 ul of the supernatants obtained in Example 11 for 5-20 minutes.
  • the cells are then solubilized and extracts filtered directly into the assay plate.
  • Example 21 Method of Determining Alterations in a Gene Corresponding to a Polynucleotide
  • RNA isolated from entire families or individual patients presenting with a phenotype of interest (such as a disease) is be isolated.
  • cDNA is then generated from these RNA samples using protocols known in the art. (See, Sambrook.)
  • the cDNA is then used as a template for PCR, employing primers surrounding regions of interest in
  • SEQ ID NO:X Suggested PCR conditions consist of 35 cycles at 95°C for 30 seconds; 60-120 seconds at 52-58°C; and 60-120 seconds at 70°C, using buffer solutions described in Sidransky, D., et al., Science 252:706 (1991). PCR products is then sequenced using primers labeled at their 5' end with T4 polynucleotide kinase, employing SequiTherm Polymerase. (Epicentre Technologies). The intron-exon borders of selected exons is also determined and genomic PCR products analyzed to confirm the results. PCR products harboring suspected mutations is then cloned and sequenced to validate the results of the direct sequencing.
  • PCR products is cloned into T-tailed vectors as described in Holton, T.A. and Graham, M.W., Nucleic Acids Research, 19: 1156 (1991) and sequenced with T7 polymerase (United States Biochemical). Affected individuals is identified by mutations not present in unaffected individuals.
  • Genomic rearrangements are also observed as a method of determining alterations in a gene corresponding to a polynucleotide.
  • Genomic clones isolated according to Example 2 are nick-translated with digoxigenindeoxy-uridine 5'- triphosphate (Boehringer Manheim), and FISH performed as described in Johnson, Cg. et al., Methods Cell Biol. 35:73-99 (1991).
  • Hybridization with the labeled probe is carried out using a vast excess of human cot-1 DNA for specific hybridization to the corresponding genomic locus. Chromosomes are counterstained with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylidole and propidium iodide, producing a combination of C- and R-bands.
  • Example 22 Method of Detecting Abnormal Levels of a Polypeptide in a Biological Sample
  • a polypeptide of the present invention can be detected in a biological sample, and if an increased or decreased level of the polypeptide is detected, this polypeptide is a marker for a particular phenotype.
  • Methods of detection are numerous, and thus, it is understood that one skilled in the art can modify the following assay to fit their particular needs.
  • antibody-sandwich ELISAs are used to detect soluble polypeptides in a sample, preferably a biological sample.
  • Wells of a microtiter plate are coated with specific antibodies, at a final concentration of 0.2 to 10 ug/ml.
  • the antibodies are either monoclonal or polyclonal and are produced by the method described in Example 10. The wells are blocked so that non-specific binding of the polypeptide to the well is reduced.
  • the coated wells are then incubated for > 2 hours at RT with a sample containing the polypeptide.
  • a sample containing the polypeptide Preferably, serial dilutions of the sample should be used to validate results.
  • the plates are then washed three times with deionized or distilled water to remove unbounded polypeptide.
  • the secreted polypeptide composition will be formulated and dosed in a fashion consistent with good medical practice, taking into account the clinical condition of the individual patient (especially the side effects of treatment with the secreted polypeptide alone), the site of delivery, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to practitioners.
  • the "effective amount" for pu ⁇ oses herein is thus determined by such considerations.
  • the total pharmaceutically effective amount of secreted polypeptide administered parenterally per dose will be in the range of about 1 ⁇ g/kg/day to 10 mg/kg/day of patient body weight, although, as noted above, this will be subject to therapeutic discretion.
  • this dose is at least 0.01 mg/kg/day, and most preferably for humans between about 0.01 and 1 mg/kg/day for the hormone.
  • the secreted polypeptide is typically administered at a dose rate of about 1 ⁇ g/kg/hour to about 50 ⁇ g/kg/hour, either by 1-4 injections per day or by continuous subcutaneous infusions, for example, using a mini-pump.
  • An intravenous bag solution may also be employed. The length of treatment needed to observe changes and the interval following treatment for responses to occur appears to vary depending on the desired effect.
  • compositions containing the secreted protein of the invention are administered orally, rectally, parenterally, intracistemally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, gels, drops or transdermal patch), bucally, or as an oral or nasal spray.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a non-toxic solid, semisolid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type.
  • parenteral refers to modes of administration which include intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrasternal, subcutaneous and intraarticular injection and infusion.
  • sustained-release compositions include semi-permeable polymer matrices in the form of shaped articles, e.g., films, or mirocapsules.
  • sustained-release matrices include polylactides (U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,919, EP 58,481), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma-ethyl-L-glutamate (Sidman, U. et al., Biopolymers 22:547-556 (1983)), poly (2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (R. Langer et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res.
  • Sustained-release compositions also include liposomally entrapped polypeptides. Liposomes containing the secreted polypeptide are prepared by methods known per se: DE 3,218,121; Epstein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:3688-3692 (1985); Hwang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  • the liposomes are of the small (about 200-800 Angstroms) unilamellar type in which the lipid content is greater than about 30 mol. percent cholesterol, the selected proportion being adjusted for the optimal secreted polypeptide therapy.
  • the secreted polypeptide is formulated generally by mixing it at the desired degree of purity, in a unit dosage injectable form (solution, suspension, or emulsion), with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, i.e., one that is non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed and is compatible with other ingredients of the formulation.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier i.e., one that is non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed and is compatible with other ingredients of the formulation.
  • the formulation preferably does not include oxidizing agents and other compounds that are known to be deleterious to polypeptides.
  • the formulations are prepared by contacting the polypeptide uniformly and intimately with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both. Then, if necessary, the product is shaped into the desired formulation.
  • the carrier is a parenteral carrier, more preferably a solution that is isotonic with the blood of the recipient. Examples of such carrier vehicles include water, saline, Ringer's solution, and dextrose solution. Non-aqueous vehicles such as fixed oils and ethyl oleate are also useful herein, as well as liposomes.
  • the carrier suitably contains minor amounts of additives such as substances that enhance isotonicity and chemical stability.
  • Such materials are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, succinate, acetic acid, and other organic acids or their salts; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) polypeptides, e.g., polyarginine or tripeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids, such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, manose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as polysorbates, poloxamers, or PEG.
  • buffers such as phosphate, cit
  • the secreted polypeptide is typically formulated in such vehicles at a concentration of about 0.1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml, preferably 1-10 mg/ml, at a pH of about 3 to 8. It will be understood that the use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of polypeptide salts.
  • Any polypeptide to be used for therapeutic administration can be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes (e.g., 0.2 micron membranes).
  • Therapeutic polypeptide compositions generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle.
  • Polypeptides ordinarily will be stored in unit or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampoules or vials, as an aqueous solution or as a lyophilized formulation for reconstitution.
  • a lyophilized formulation 10-ml vials are filled with 5 ml of sterile-filtered 1 % (w/v) aqueous polypeptide solution, and the resulting mixture is lyophilized.
  • the infusion solution is prepared by reconstituting the lyophilized polypeptide using bacteriostatic Water-for-Injection.
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
  • a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
  • Associated with such container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, which notice reflects approval by the agency of manufacture, use or sale for human administration.
  • the polypeptides of the present invention may be employed in conjunction with other therapeutic compounds.
  • Example 24 Method of Treating Decreased Levels of the Polypeptide
  • the invention also provides a method of treatment of an individual in need of an increased level of the polypeptide comprising administering to such an individual a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of the polypeptide to increase the activity level of the polypeptide in such an individual.
  • a patient with decreased levels of a polypeptide receives a daily dose 0.1-100 ug/kg of the polypeptide for six consecutive days.
  • the polypeptide is in the secreted form.
  • the exact details of the dosing scheme, based on administration and formulation, are provided in Example 23.
  • Example 25 Method of Treating Increased Levels of the Polypeptide Antisense technology is used to inhibit production of a polypeptide of the present invention.
  • This technology is one example of a method of decreasing levels of a polypeptide, preferably a secreted form, due to a variety of etiologies, such as cancer.
  • a patient diagnosed with abnormally increased levels of a polypeptide is administered intravenously antisense polynucleotides at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/kg day for 21 days. This treatment is repeated after a 7-day rest period if the treatment was well tolerated.
  • the formulation of the antisense polynucleotide is provided in Example 23.
  • Example 26 Method of Treatment Using Gene Therapy
  • fibroblasts which are capable of expressing a polypeptide
  • fibroblasts are obtained from a subject by skin biopsy.
  • the resulting tissue is placed in tissue-culture medium and separated into small pieces. Small chunks of the tissue are placed on a wet surface of a tissue culture flask, approximately ten pieces are placed in each flask.
  • the flask is tumed upside down, closed tight and left at room temperature over night. After 24 hours at room temperature, the flask is inverted and the chunks of tissue remain fixed to the bottom of the flask and fresh media (e.g., Ham's F12 media, with 10% FBS, penicillin and streptomycin, is added.
  • fresh media e.g., Ham's F12 media, with 10% FBS, penicillin and streptomycin
  • the flasks are then incubated at 37°C for approximately one week. At this time, fresh media is added and subsequently changed every several days. After an additional two weeks in culture, a monolayer of fibroblasts emerge. The monolayer is trypsinized and scaled into larger flasks.
  • pMV-7 (Kirschmeier, P.T. et al., DNA, 7:219-25 (1988)), flanked by the long terminal repeats of the Moloney murine sarcoma vims, is digested with EcoRI and Hindlll and subsequently treated with calf intestinal phosphatase.
  • the linear vector is fractionated on agarose gel and purified, using glass beads.
  • the cDNA encoding a polypeptide of the present invention can be amplified using PCR primers which correspond to the 5' and 3' end sequences respectively as set forth in Example 1.
  • the 5' primer contains an EcoRI site and the 3' primer includes a Hindlll site.
  • Equal quantities of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus linear backbone and the amplified EcoRI and Hindlll fragment are added together, in the presence of T4 DNA ligase.
  • the resulting mixture is maintained under conditions appropriate for ligation of the two fragments.
  • the ligation mixture is then used to transform bacteria HB 101, which are then plated onto agar containing kanamycin for the pu ⁇ ose of confirming that the vector has the gene of interest properly inserted.
  • the amphotropic pA317 or GP+aml2 packaging cells are grown in tissue culture to confluent density in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) with 10% calf serum (CS), penicillin and streptomycin.
  • DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium
  • CS calf serum
  • penicillin and streptomycin The MSV vector containing the gene is then added to the media and the packaging cells transduced with the vector.
  • the packaging cells now produce infectious viral particles containing the gene (the packaging cells are now referred to as producer cells).
  • Fresh media is added to the transduced producer cells, and subsequently, the media is harvested from a 10 cm plate of confluent producer cells.
  • the spent media containing the infectious viral particles, is filtered through a millipore filter to remove detached producer cells and this media is then used to infect fibroblast cells.
  • Media is removed from a sub-confluent plate of fibroblasts and quickly replaced with the media from the producer cells. This media is removed and replaced with fresh media. If the titer of virus is high, then virtually all fibroblasts will be infected and no selection is required. If the titer is very low, then it is necessary to use a retroviral vector that has a selectable marker, such as neo or his.
  • fibroblasts Once the fibroblasts have been efficiently infected, the fibroblasts are analyzed to determine whether protein is being produced. The engineered fibroblasts are then transplanted onto the host, either alone or after having been grown to confluence on cytodex 3 microcarrier beads. It will be clear that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as particularly described in the foregoing description and examples. Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings and, therefore, are within the scope of the appended claims.
  • AGAAAACCAT CTCCAAAGCC AAAGGGCAGC CCCGAGAACC ACAGGTGTAC ACCCTGCCCC 420 CATCCCGGGA TGAGCTGACC AAGAACCAGG TCAGCCTGAC CTGCCTGGTC AAAGGCTTCT 480

Abstract

La présente invention concerne 70 nouvelles protéines humaines sécrétées, ainsi que les acides nucléiques isolés renfermant les régions codantes des gènes codant ces protéines. L'invention concerne également des vecteurs, des cellules hôtes, et des anticorps, ainsi que des procédés de recombinaison permettant de produire lesdites protéines humaines sécrétées. L'invention concerne enfin des méthodes diagnostique et thérapeutique utiles au diagnostic et au traitement des troubles liés à ces nouvelles protéines humaines sécrétées.
PCT/US1998/004482 1997-03-07 1998-03-06 70 proteines humaines secretees WO1998039446A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (20)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002284131A CA2284131A1 (fr) 1997-03-07 1998-03-06 70 proteines humaines secretees
JP53887598A JP2002519990A (ja) 1997-03-07 1998-03-06 ７０種類のヒト分泌タンパク質
AU65452/98A AU6545298A (en) 1997-03-07 1998-03-06 70 human secreted proteins
EP98905126A EP0972029A1 (fr) 1997-03-07 1998-03-06 Nouvelles proteines secretees
US09/148,545 US6590075B2 (en) 1997-03-07 1998-09-04 Secreted protein HODAZ50
US09/621,011 US6878687B1 (en) 1997-03-07 2000-07-20 Protein HMAAD57
US09/981,876 US7053190B2 (en) 1997-03-07 2001-10-19 Secreted protein HRGDF73
US10/472,533 US20050197285A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2002-03-19 Human secreted proteins
US10/100,683 US7368531B2 (en) 1997-03-07 2002-03-19 Human secreted proteins
US10/664,357 US20070055056A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2003-09-20 251 human secreted proteins
US10/664,356 US20070015696A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2003-09-20 621 human secreted proteins
US10/979,111 US20050215775A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2004-11-02 70 human secreted proteins
US11/001,793 US7411051B2 (en) 1997-03-07 2004-12-02 Antibodies to HDPPA04 polypeptide
US11/346,470 US20060223088A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2006-02-03 Human secreted proteins
US11/366,486 US20060246483A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2006-03-03 337 human secreted proteins
US11/366,980 US20060223090A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2006-03-03 Polynucleotides encoding human secreted proteins
US11/687,755 US20080103090A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2007-03-19 Human Secreted Proteins
US11/689,173 US20070224663A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2007-03-21 Human Secreted Proteins
US11/751,886 US20070238664A1 (en) 1997-03-07 2007-05-22 70 Human Secreted Proteins
US12/198,817 US7968689B2 (en) 1997-03-07 2008-08-26 Antibodies to HSDEK49 polypeptides

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US09/148,545 Continuation US6590075B2 (en) 1997-03-07 1998-09-04 Secreted protein HODAZ50
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WO1998039446A3 (fr) 1998-12-23
US6590075B2 (en) 2003-07-08

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