WO1998031196A1 - Planar heating element - Google Patents

Abstract

A planar heating element in which a plurality of electrode coating members (4) respectively coating electrodes (3) are attached to a planar heating resistor sheet (2) at prescribed intervals. In each electrode coating member (4), at least the vicinity of the electrode (3) is constituted of a PTC layer having a positive temperature coefficient characteristic that the electrical resistance value of the PTC layer increases as the temperature rises. The sheet (2) does not have a positive temperature coefficient characteristic or has a positive temperature coefficient characteristic that the rise magnification of the sheet (2) is smaller than that of the PTC layer or the rise temperature of the sheet (2) is higher than that of the PTC layer at temperatures lower than the temperature at which the PTC layer exhibits the maximum rise magnification.

Description

 Heat-dissipating body technology field

 The present invention relates to a sheet heating element provided with a positive temperature coefficient tree. Background technology

 In order to give ii¾, etc., it has been practiced to bury a planar fire near the surface of the fiber and heat the surface. In addition, the surface is coming! The ^ has been converted to a storage unit, which is also used as a floor heating unit.

 This planar surface is obtained by providing a pair of electrodes on a planar surface formed by blending conductive particles such as carbon black into a plastic resin and providing a pair of electrodes. When a current flows, the sheet generates heat due to the Joule heat.

 The sheet that emits planar light has a positive temperature coefficient characteristic (PTC characteristic) in which the electric resistance value increases as the temperature rises. Depending on the environmental temperature and heat dissipation, heat is generated in the heat generating portion.

 For example, the heat release sheet radiates heat in two directions in the central region, but radiates heat not only in the front and back sides but also in three directions including the sides in the both side regions. It tends to be hotter than on the area. When this tendency becomes stronger, the temperature of the central region becomes extremely higher than the temperature of the both side regions in the 抗 ^ where the birth-resistant sheet has a positive coefficient of tree growth. A fever event occurs.

For this reason, in the past, local heat generation was prevented by arranging a heat equalizing plate over the entire surface of the sheet-like heat generating sheet, or by arranging a uniform M counter only at the high temperature or in the part. No. 54-156242). In addition, in the case of the sheet-like development, when the anti-sheet is expanded from the thermoplastic resin and the conductive particles, the resistance changes due to the change of heat due to aging and heat.

¾It has LS.

 As a problem in each application, the difference between the resistance value at room temperature and the resistance value when the heat generation is stable is large, so the difference between the 時 λ power and the stable power is large, and the breaker IS! It is necessary to increase contract power.

However, in the above-mentioned case, the thickness force of the equalizer is increased by ⁵ or the soaking plate becomes «, which is not only inconvenient but also increases the cost. In addition, if the uniformity is arranged only in the high portion of the sheet, the thickness of the sheet heating element becomes extremely large, which is not suitable for use as a thin heater.

 In addition, when a sheet is formed from a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles, an a and a pressure β are performed, so that the number of s¾t steps is increased, and from this point, the i¾i cost is also a factor.

 An object of the present invention is to sufficiently prevent local heat generation, to reduce the change in resistance with time, and to reduce the cost at a low cost. In addition, there is little change in resistance until the expected exacerbation, and It is another object of the present invention to provide a planar body having a property of increasing the thickness. Disclosure of the invention

 For this reason, the present invention eliminates the PTC characteristic of the generated resistance sheet or reduces the PTC characteristic of the resistance sheet to a smaller rising magnification than the PTC characteristic of at least a portion near the coating. Or, it is intended to raise the rise to achieve the purpose of knitting.

The surface emitting device of the present invention is a surface emitting device in which a plurality of Sl covering members coated with IS are attached to a surface emitting sheet at predetermined intervals from each other. In the vicinity of at least one electrode among the electrode covering members, a PTC layer having a positive coefficient whose electric resistance value increases by ⁵ with an increase in temperature is provided. Does not have the Biea coefficient characteristic, or the rise rate is smaller than that of the ΚΠ3Ρ τ c layer or the rise temperature is lower than the temperature at which the rise rate of the PTC layer indicates the failure rate of the PTC layer. Let it have a higher positive coefficient tree than the ρ τ c layer.

 In the present invention, when a current flows in between, the heat is generated by the heat generating sheet. However, this crane resistance sheet has no special order of the PTC, or has a smaller rising magnification or a rising ratio as compared with the PTC layer. Since it is taller, for example, even if the situation is different between the central region and the both side regions, local building does not occur in the carving-resistant sheet. In addition, since the vicinity of at least one of the electrodes is a PTC layer having a positive temperature coefficient characteristic, the merit of the positive coefficient characteristic possessed by other planar gonads can be maintained. Furthermore, since a member that does not have a large positive coefficient characteristic is used as a resistance sheet, the ratio of the portion having a large positive coefficient characteristic with a large change in resistance in the overall planar failure is determined. The haze and overall resistance can be reduced. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a carton-resistant sheet, so it is possible to use a sheet-like sheet! ¾1 Cost can be reduced.

 In addition, by adjusting and changing the * and specific resistance values of the PTC layer-covered member with respect to the resistance value of the development sheet, it is possible to variably design the resistance value of the entire heater to be increased. It is easy to obtain a custom order for each application.

 Here, the rise magnification force of the positive coefficient characteristic in the knitting 発 誕 誕 ;; knitting Ρ Τ. The rise rate of the positive temperature coefficient characteristic in the PTC layer may be 5 or less within the range of the temperature indicating the uppermost magnification of the layer, and the rise temperature of the positive coefficient characteristic in the til self-propelled sheet is further reduced. May be 5 ° C. or more higher than the custom temperature rise temperature of the PTC layer.

If the positive coefficient characteristic of the anti-shock sheet is large, local heat generation is likely to occur when a temperature difference occurs on the surface of the anti-shock sheet. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to reduce the custom order of the positive temperature coefficient in the anti-shear sheet. Therefore, the rise ratio of the positive coefficient characteristic of the development sheet with respect to the PTC layer is set to 0.5 or less as described above in the following range, which indicates the maximum rise magnification of the PTC layer. Sheet compared to PTC layer If the rise of the positive coefficient characteristic is increased by 5 ° C or more as described above, local heat generation on the surface of the sheet can be reliably prevented and the coefficient characteristic of the PTC layer can be reduced. Control becomes possible.

 Here, in the present invention, the knitted fabric covering member includes a PTC layer having a positive coefficient characteristic in which the electric resistance value increases with rise in the vicinity of the knitted fabric, and a PTC layer covering the PTC layer. The PTC layer-covered member and the knitting three-shot cage sheet may be configured to use the same resin.

In this configuration, the p τ c layer previously released together with “mis” is extracted as ¾if with the p τ c layer covering member, and the ¾S covering member is defined as i ^. Since this PTC layer covering the Hatsukago anti sheet one bets made of the same material, the origination ¾ £鬲嬉that force ⁵ easily and surely to anti sheet. In addition, the durability of the planar horn is improved.

 Further, the knitting layer may be configured by a single wire group of a plurality of ¾®¾ conductors, and the ttiSPTC layer may be configured by individually covering the knitting single wires.

 With this configuration, the deformation of the PTC layer when pressure is applied to the sheet heating element itself is small, and the pressure resistance performance is improved. Also, it is possible to minimize the adverse effect on the performance of the electrode when attaching the electrode to the resistance sheet.

 In the present invention, the knitting 3β is composed of a single wire group of a plurality of conductors. The layer may cover a part of the single wire group, and may be composed of two or more hectares with different rising magnification and rising ^^.

 In this configuration, different positive coefficient characteristics can be selected by switching the energization to the conductors provided in the various types of PTC layers.

$ 1 leg is possible.

 Volume 3 is composed of a single wire group consisting of a plurality of conductors. This single wire group has different distances from the above-mentioned resistance sheet. May be used.

In this configuration, by switching the group of energized single wires, different positive _fl ¾ coefficient Can be selected, and control of the origin is possible.

 Further, the distributed PTC layer may be made of a heating material having a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles, or a material.

 Further, the knitting-resisting sheet may be separated from the material, the W material, or the material having the thermoplastic resin and the conductive particles.

 In addition, the resistance sheet and the PTC layer are insulated between the resistance sheet and the PTC layer so that the anti-sheet and the Ptc layer are thermally heated. The structure may be connected with # heat (for example, a board) via a.

 If the display sheet and the PTC layer are connected by a heat charge, the heat of the display sheet is transmitted directly to the pipe, and the effect of the positive coefficient characteristic can be exhibited. Here, if the heat-resistant sheet and the PTC layer are directly sealed with heat, the heat will flow into the heat-heated material and will not flow into the heat-resistant sheet. Although heat is no longer generated, in the present invention, by providing a gap between the sheet and the PTC layer and the heat generating material, the flow is reliably flown to the generating sheet and the generated result is secured. I can go. Brief explanation of drawings

 FIG. 1 is a perspective view in which a part of a sheet heating element according to a first embodiment of the present invention is partially broken.

 FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG.

 FIG. 3 is a graph showing the respective positive temperature coefficient characteristics of the coating member and the heat-resistant sheet.

 Fig. 4 (A) is a graph showing the positive coefficient characteristic of the covering member, Fig. 4 (B) is a graph showing the positive temperature coefficient characteristic I 'of the heating resistor sheet, and Fig. 4 (C) is 6 is a graph showing the positive temperature coefficient characteristic of the entire f-shaped surface.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view in which a part of a planar excerpt book according to the second embodiment of the present invention is partially broken. You.

 FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG.

Figure 7 (A) is a graph showing the positive ¾ ^ coefficient characteristics of the coating, FIG. 7 (B) is a graph showing a positive coefficient Japanese I ¹ Raw withdrawal ¾¾ anti sheet, FIG. 7 (C) Is a graph showing the positive temperature coefficient characteristics of the entire surface fi *.

 FIG. 8 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a planar heating element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 9 is a plan view of FIG.

 FIG. 10 is a sectional view of FIG.

 FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a planar gonad according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a planar gonad according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a planar sprout according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

 Fig. 14 is a graph showing the positive ^^ coefficient characteristics of the whole area of the spontaneous chionon in the 6th W state.

 FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a planar emitter according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 16 is a graph showing the positive temperature coefficient characteristics of the entire planar emission according to the seventh embodiment. Best form to carry out the invention

Hereinafter, the form of the fiber of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, in each difficult mode, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description is omitted or simplified. FIGS. 1 and 2 show a sheet heating element 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention in a δ state. FIG. 1 is a perspective view in which a part of the sheet heating element 1 is cut away, and FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof.

In these figures, the planar chion 1 is applied to the anti-suction sheet 2 formed by the plane arrow and the end of the anti-skin 2 Rarely covered 3 And two outer coatings made of PET film and the like provided as necessary.

 The anti-sheet 2 is made of sheet-like material such as sheet-like nichrome, stainless steel, aluminum etching material, etc., sheet-like IT0 material or sheet-like conductive material, sheet-like material mt or polystyrene (PS), Positive temperature coefficient characteristics (PTC characteristics) that consist of non-crystalline I "resin such as krill resin (PMMA), vinyl chloride, etc. and green carbon black (CB). ).

 The starting sheet 2 has a thickness of 0.1 to 5 thighs, preferably 0.1 to 2 strokes, a width of 2.5 to 6000 mm, and is not limited in length.

 Is formed of a plurality of (4 in the figure) single wires 3A of the S conductor, which do not intersect each other, and are formed in parallel and in a line in a flat plate shape. The single wires 3A have a thickness of two or less 臓. Ϊ́ππη As mentioned above, the simple thickness is related to the number of 3 mm single wires. The electrode 3 is not limited to the single conductive wire 3A shown in the figure, but may be made of a metal tape or a conductive base.

 The w mi 4 is formed in a 状 shape, and is provided on both sides of the sheet 2 along the length direction.

 The S¾ coating member 4 is formed in a cross section having a thickness of 0.3 mm to 5 mm and a width of 0.5 mm to 30 im, preferably 1 stroke to 10 mm.

 The ¾1® coating is made by passing a single wire 3A of a conductive wire through an extruded rope die in a straightforward manner without crossing a double bottle, and extruding the material together with these wires. t.

 The coating member 4 is a PTC layer having a u-coefficient characteristic formed of a woven material provided with a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles.

As this thermoplastic resin, a crystalline thermoplastic resin is preferable. Polyolefin resin and its copolymer resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, heat Plastic polyester paste, polyphenylene oxide and nonyl pearl, polysulfone and the like can be mentioned.

 Examples of the knitted polyolefin resin include, for example, high-density polyethylene, medium, polyethylenes such as poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene (eg, polyethylene igf), polypropylenes such as isocyclic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, and polybutene. —Methylpentene-11 resin and the like.

 In the first embodiment, ethylene-propylene copolymer weight ^^ ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer weight ^: (Ε ΕΑ), ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene-acrylate copolymers such as copolymers # Copolymers of olefins and vinylation such as ethylene-vinyl monochloride copolymers, fluorine-containing ethylene-based copolymers, and their modified products can also be used.

 Examples of the vinyl acetate resin include a vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl butyral.

 Knitting 3 Polyamide と し て Examples of the sealing oil include nylon 6, nylon 8, nylon 11, nylon 66, nylon 610 and the like.

 The polyacetal may be a homopolymer or a copolymer.

 Examples of the plastic polyester resin include polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.

 As the crystalline thermoplastic resin, besides the knitting 3, for example, gen-based polymers and copolymers such as trans-1,3-polyisoprene and syndiotactic-1,2-polybutadiene are also used. can do.

 One type of crystalline thermoplastic resin may be used alone or two or more types may be used in combination as a polymer blend or the like.

However, among the various types of crystalline thermoplastic resins, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer ethylene Olefin-based copolymers such as ethyl acrylate copolymer and trans-1,4-polyisoprene are preferred.

 The crystalline thermoplastic resin of the knitting type can also be used as a yarn with other polymers or additives, if necessary.

3 Conductive particles include, for example, particles such as carbon black particles, graphite particles, iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). ), Powdered material such as pot fine change fiber, hidden matter such as carbon difficulties, conductive M material (ITO, etc.), barium titanate (BaTio3), titanium titanate (SrTio3), etc. No »fee or the like having a positive temperature coefficient, especially! ¹ students can be mentioned. Among these, granular materials such as carbon black particles and graphite particles, and particularly carbon black particles are preferable.

 Knitting 3 The various types of conductive particles may be used in one type of job, or two or more types may be used in combination as a mixture.

 There is no particular limitation on the particle size of the conductive particles, but for example, the average particle size is usually 10 to 200 nm, preferably 15 to 100; If the conductive particles are in a difficult state, the aspect ratio is usually 1 to 1000, preferably 1 to 100.

 31. The mixing ratio of the raw resin and the conductive particles is usually 10-80: 90-20, preferably 55-75: 45-25 as a weight ratio. If the ratio of the conductive particles is less than this range! ^ The resistance value of the coating 4 becomes large, and the sheet-like difficulty 1 may not generate enough heat for practical use.On the other hand, if the mixing ratio of the conductive particles is larger than this range, the positive coefficient characteristic may not be sufficiently exhibited. become.

 The specific resistance value of the material of the H-coated member 4 can be determined according to the specification and purpose, but is usually ^, 10 to 50000 Ω-cm ^, preferably 40 to 20000 Ω · αη.

Knitting Β By mixing the crystalline resin and the conductive particles, a coating member of 4 s can be obtained.At this time or after JJ, the thermoplastic crystalline resin in the knitted heating material is crosslinked. It is preferable to cure the object. When this product is cured, the positive temperature characteristic is reduced, and defects due to thermal deformation such as planar emission and thermal softening can be prevented.

 Conclusion Crosslinking of the thermoplastic resin can be performed using a crosslinking agent and / or »f line. Depending on the type of crystalline thermoplastic resin used, maleic, bridging agents, sulfides, oximes, and nitrosated ^! ), Aminated ^), polyaminated ^) and the like.

 For example, knitting conclusions: If the bio-thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin-based resin β, for example, an oxide can be used as a suitable crosslinking agent. Examples of the oxide include benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl vinyl benzoate, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Oxide, 2,5-dimethinolae 2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexine-1,3,1-bis (tert-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) ) 1,3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexane, n-butyl-4,4-bis (tert-butylperoxy) valerate, 2,2-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane, tert-butylbenzyloxybenzene, etc. Can be mentioned.

 Of these, 2,5-dimethyl-1,2,5-di (tert-butyl peroxy) hexine-13 is particularly preferred. These various recitations may be used in a single match, or if necessary, may be added with a fifi auxiliary such as triaryl cyanurate ゃ divinyl benzene or triaryl isocyanurate. Is also good.

 The ratio of the use of the transcript is usually

It is 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by weight. If this ratio is less than 0.01 part by weight, the bridging becomes insufficient, and problems such as insufficient generation of the positive coefficient characteristic I ′ and a decrease in resistance in a high-temperature region are likely to occur. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5 parts by weight, the degree of bridging will be too high, and the phenomena will decrease and the positive coefficient characteristic will decrease. Will be seen.

FIG. ³ is a graph showing the positive temperature coefficient characteristics of the electrode covering member ⁴ and the developing sheet ² . In FIG. 3, P indicates the positive temperature coefficient growth of the electrode covering member 4, and its start-up magnification X is obtained by the following equation.

 Xp = R / R 25

 Here, R indicates the resistance at ^, and R 25 indicates the resistance at 25 ° C. The maximum Δt ± magnification Xp max is represented by Xp max = R pmax / R 25.

 On the other hand, S indicates the positive temperature coefficient characteristic of the heat generating resistance sheet 2 having no PTC characteristic, and its uppermost magnification is 0.

 Coating ¾W 4 is formed from ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA) and carbon black (CB). Anti-sheet 2 is formed from non-crystalline injection resin such as polystyrene (PS) and resin black. As shown in Fig. 4 (A), the resistance value of the electrode coating Sl¾i4 increases with the rise in the resistance value of the electrode sheet Sl¾i4. As shown in Fig. 4 (B), the positive temperature coefficient characteristic S does not show a large change in the resistance value even when increases. As shown in Fig. 4 (C), the overall positive coefficient custom order (P + S) of the planar horn 1 shows a characteristic in which the resistance value increases with the increase. Note that, in the graph of FIG. 4 (C), the dotted line indicates the case of the emission sheet 2 only.

Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the two coatings 4 each coated with 3 are attached to the sheet-like coherent sheet 2 at a predetermined distance from each other, and the US coating 4 is increased with increasing temperature. A PTC layer with positive temperature coefficient characteristics that increases the electrical resistance value. Since the heat-dissipating anti-sheet 2 has a structure without fllS positive ^^ coefficient characteristics I ", S flows between ¾S3 In this heat radiation, for example, even if the job conditions are different between the central area and the both side areas, local heat may be generated in the fire-resistant sheet 2. In addition, the positive coefficient characteristic required for the planar emission book 1 can be ensured by the covering member 4. In addition, the birth resistance sheet 2 is positive. Since it does not have a coefficient tree, the ratio of a portion having a positive coefficient characteristic with a large change in resistance can be increased as the whole planar failure 1, and the overall change with time can be reduced. Therefore, since »a is not required when the development sheet 2 is applied, difficult costs can be reduced.

 Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. The second male embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the carcass-resistant sheet has a positive coefficient characteristic, and the other structure is the same as the first embodiment.

 5 and 6 show a sheet heating element 11 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a side view in which a part of the planar freshness 11 is broken, and FIG. 6 is a plan view thereof.

 In these figures, the sheet-like sheet 11 is composed of a sheet-like sheet 12 formed by applying the sheet-like object to a plane arrow, and both ends of the sheet 1. It is provided with two knitting S® coatings 4 provided to cover the knitting electrodes 3 and an outer material made of PET film or the like provided as necessary.

 The ¾M¾ sheet 12 is a sheet or film-like sheet made of a woven material by the extrusion extrusion method, and has a thickness of 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably 0.1 to 2 thighs. And its width is between 2.5 and 6000D blood, and there is no limit on its length.

 Coating members 4 are provided on both ends of the heat generating sheet 12 by heat sealing or ultrasonic sheaf.

 The heat-generating yarn of the development sheet 11 has a positive temperature coefficient characteristic.

 In the second aspect, the thermoplastic resin used for the material of the anti-fiber sheet 12 is preferably a crystalline thermoplastic resin, and the thermoplastic resin used for the material of the covering member 4 is a thermoplastic resin. Resins, especially crystalline thermoplastic resins, may be of the same type or different from each other. However, it is usually desirable to use the same type to maintain better adhesion due to heat.

The conductive particles used for the heat-generating material of the anti-sheet 12 and the ¾H coating member 4 The conductive particles used for the relics may be of the same type or different from each other.

 The blend ratio of the thermoplastic resin is adjusted in order to make the positive coefficient characteristic of mii differ from that of the rights sheet 12.

 In FIG. 3, S1 and S2 show the positive temperature coefficient characteristics of the heat generating resistance sheet 12 among which si is the maximum rise magnification of the electrode coating member 4 whose rise magnification constitutes the p τ c layer. In the range below the temperature indicated by, the case where it is smaller than the electrode coating member 4 is shown.

 The positive coefficient characteristic S1 of the generated M sheet 12 is smaller than the positive coefficient characteristic P of the coating 4 within a range of Tp max or less at the magnification Xp max of the mil coating member 4 at g ^ il. That is, assuming that the rising magnification of the source sheet 12 is Xs, Xs <Xp, and preferably Xs≤0.5 Xp.

 In addition, the rising temperature of the positive temperature coefficient custom-made S2 of the heating resistor sheet 12 is higher than that of the electrode covering member 4. That is, assuming that the rise ^ S is when the resistance value R is 2 XR25, the rise at the time of 2 x Rp25 is tp in the m® covering member 4, and 2 x Rs25 in the carrot anti-sheet 12 The rise time at the time is ts. The rise temperature tp is lower than the rise temperature ts (0 ° C <ts-tp), and the difference between tp and ts is preferably 5 ° C or more (5 ° C≤ts-tp), more preferably Is more than 10 ° C (10 ° C≤ts-tp).

 ¾ϋCoating 4 is formed from a mixture of ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (Ε Ε Α) and carbon black (CB). Coating sheet 12 is high-density polyethylene (HD PE). In addition to the heat generated by the carbon material and the heat generated by carbon black, the custom-made positive coefficient P of the IS-coated member 4 increases as the resistance increases as shown in Fig. 7 (A). As shown in FIG. 7 (B), the resistance value of the positive temperature coefficient characteristic S2 of the developed S sheet 12 increases as the temperature rises. This is different from the coefficient characteristic P of the covering member 4.

In FIG. 7 (Α), the rising Δl tp of the covering member 4 is 67 ° C. In (B), the rise temperature ts of the heating resistance sheet 12 is 120 ° C., and the rise tp of the electrode coating i 4 is 5 times larger than the rise ts of the cost reduction sheet 12. 3 ° C high. As shown in Fig. 7 (C), the overall resistance of the sheet-like horn 11 indicates that the resistance value will rise as the separation increases. This special order, especially the increase in specific resistance value, is for m & m i4 (PTC layer)! : Variable depending on the specific resistance value. In the graph of FIG. 7 (C), the dotted line indicates the case where only the heating resistor sheet 12 is used. Thus, according to the first aspect, each of them covered two 33! ^ Coating ¾

The m @ -covered member 4 is a PTC layer having a positive temperature coefficient characteristic, and the heating resistance sheet 12 has a rising magnification Xs that is equal to the electrode. In the range of not more than the temperature Tpmax indicating the uppermost magnification Xpmax of the covering member 4, the t is smaller than the rising magnification Xp of the S covering member 4 or the rising ts is ¾H covering member 4. Since the structure has a positive temperature coefficient characteristic higher than the rise temperature tp of the sheet, similar to the first embodiment, no local ¾ is generated in the heat generating sheet 12 and the planar state The positive ^^ coefficient tree required for the excellence book can be secured by the covering member 4. Further, as the entire planar fibrous body 1, the ratio of the portion having a large positive coefficient characteristic in which the resistance change is large can be reduced, and the change over time in the whole can be reduced. This eliminates the necessity for forming the birth control sheet 12, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. In addition, in the second W state, the maximum of S® coating ¾1¾ "4: upper magnification] ^

Within the range of Tp ma or less, the rising magnification Xs of the heat generating resistance sheet 12 is set to 0.5 or less with respect to the rising magnification Xp of the electrode covering member 4, or the rising temperature of the heat generating sheet 12 is ts. If the temperature is higher than the rising temperature ts of the electrode covering member 5 by 5 ° C. or more, local heat generation on the surface of the heating resistor sheet 12 can be reliably prevented and the correctness of the covering member 4 can be reduced. ^ Control is possible with coefficient characteristics.

 Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 8 to FIG.

8 to 10 show a sheet heating element 21 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a marginal view in which a part of the sheet heating element 21 is broken, and FIG. FIG. 10 is a plan view, and FIG. 10 is a sectional view thereof.

 In these figures, the surface emitting »2 1 is composed of the self-issued security sheet 12, the two knitted coverings ¾¾4 coated with the 己 S 3, and the coated sheet 12 and ¾S coated A thread that covers the member 4 and a heat resistance material 23 that covers both sides of the sheet 13 and the electrode covering member 4 from the outside of the cranes 22 are provided. The heat-resistant sheet 12 and the coating member 4 are connected to each other with a heating material 23 via a gap 22 so that the coating 1 2 and the coating member 4 become thermally Hi. Structure.

 The heat source 23 is a heat-generating material. It effectively removes the heat generated by the sheet 12, which is a PTC layer. The coating 4 is used to make heat from a pot made of copper, gold, silver, aluminum, iron, stainless steel, etc. The insulating layer 22 formed in a plate shape or a sheet shape is fixed with an adhesive tape, an adhesive or the like.

 The yarn @@ 22 ensures that the current flows through the starting sheet 12, and is made of a film having a high thread color margin effect, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene (PE). That is, when the thigh sheet 12 and the covering member 4 are directly connected to each other with the heating material 23, the current flows to the heating material 23 and does not flow to the spread sheet 12, but the birth resistance. Since an inconvenience occurs in which the sheet 12 is not removed, the inconvenience was avoided by providing the insulating layer 22 between the heat-releasing sheet 12 and the S¾ covering member 4 and the heat source 23.

 Therefore, according to the third embodiment, in addition to achieving the same effects as the second embodiment, it is also possible that the heat generating sheet 12 and the PTC layer ¾ @ coating 4 become thermally. Since the heat-resistant sheet 12 and the covering member 4 are connected to each other with the heating material 23 via the insulated jf 22, the heat of the heat-resistant sheet 12 is directly transmitted to Sj 3, and the coefficient characteristic is increased. The effect by the can be exhibited effectively.

 Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In the fourth mode, the configuration of the β-coated member is different from that of the second mode, and the other configuration is the same as that of the second mode B. FIG. 11 shows a sheet heating element 31 according to the fourth actual SIB mode of the present invention. In FIG. 11, reference 31 is a knitting basket anti-sheet 12, a covering member 34 provided at both ends of the basket knitting anti-sheet 12 and covering the knitting machine 3, and provided as necessary外 装 外 装 外 装 外 装 外 装 外 装 外 装 外 装 Τ Τ 等 Τ.

 The ¾ coating 34 includes a PTC layer 34A disposed near β3 and having a positive coefficient characteristic whose electric resistance value increases with an increase in iSJg, and a PTC layer coating 4B that covers the PTC layer 34A. Configuration.

 The PTC layer 34A is formed in a circular cross section so as to cover the electrode 3 in which the conductive single wires 3A are arranged side by side in a row.

 The resin used for the PTC layer covering member 34B is the same as the resin used for the anti-thigh sheet 12. Therefore, according to the fourth »B mode, the same effect as in the second mode can be obtained. In addition, in the fourth H mode, the PTC layer-coated thigh 34B and the outgoing anti-sheet 2 have the same material. Therefore, the heat during these times becomes easier, and the smack of Sm: decreases. Also, by using a material that is less heat-resistant than the EEA that constitutes the coating 4 for the PTC layer coating 34, durability and performance stability at high temperatures are improved.

 Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

 FIG. 12 shows a sheet heating element 41 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The fifth embodiment has the same structure as that of the fourth embodiment, except that the conductive single wire 3 is individually covered with the PTC layer 34.

 FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the sheet heating element 41.

 In FIG. 12, a planar sprout horn 41 is provided, and a thigh anti-seat sheet 12, a covering member 44 provided at both ends of the anti-suction sheet 12 and covering the knitted fabric 3, and if necessary, And a packaging material made of a PET film or the like.

The covering member 44 is placed in the vicinity of 3; a PTC layer 44A having a positive coefficient characteristic in which the electric resistance value increases with an increase in ¾, and covers the PTC layer 44A. til own PTC layer coating 5 # 34B.

 The positive coefficient characteristic of the PTC layer 44 A is the same as or different from that of the covering member 4, and individually covers three conductive single wires 3 A arranged in four rows and one row. It is.

 Therefore, according to the fifth embodiment, the same effects as those of the fourth embodiment can be obtained. In addition, since each of the conductive single wires 3A constituting the PTC layer 44A is individually coated, these PTC layers 44A Can be covered with a PTC layer coating Sl¾i34B that can use a material with a larger よ り S than the PTC layer 44A.Therefore, the deformation of the PTC layer 44A when pressure is applied to the surface 41 itself is small, The pressure resistance is improved. Also, since the position of each conductive single wire 3A of S3 can be maintained, the adverse effect on the performance of 3 at the time of attaching to the power generation sheet 21 can be minimized. Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14.

 FIG. 13 shows a sheet heating element 51 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The sixth embodiment has the same structure as the fourth embodiment except that the conductive single wire 3A is covered with a plurality of types of PTC layers.

 FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the sheet heating element 51.

 In FIG. 13, the surface rising 51 is provided with three knitting anti-sheets 12, a knitting cover 54 provided at both ends of the spreading anti-sheet 12 and covering the knitting, and is provided as necessary. And an exterior material made of a PET film or the like. The electrode 3 is composed of a single wire group composed of a plurality of conductive wires 3 A arranged in a horizontal row, and in FIG.

 ¾ The covering member 54 is a part of the single wire group, specifically, the first PTC layer 54A that covers the three conductive single wires 3A, and the first PTC layer 54A that covers the remaining three conductive single wires 3A. This configuration includes a 2 PTC layer 54B and a PTC layer covering member 34B that covers the first and second PTC layers 54A and 54B.

Conductive single wire 3A covered on first PTC layer 54A and covered on second PTC layer 54B A layer which is at the same time as the conductive single wire 3A to be applied is selectively energized.

 The first PTC layer 54A has the same positive coefficient characteristics as the BPTC layer 34A, and the second PTC layer 54B has a positive temperature coefficient that differs from the first PTC layer 548 in the rise magnification and. It has characteristics.

 Fig. 14 shows the surface of ^ using the first and second PTC layers 54A and 54B.

The positive temperature coefficient characteristics of 51 are shown.

In Figure 14,? +3 or a ^ and conductible only the first? Ding 〇 layer 54 eight electrodes 3 coated on, the same as the P + S ₂ of Figure No. 7 (C), P + S B is the 2PTC layer

Only the S3 covered with 54 B was energized.

 In the sixth embodiment, the PTC layer may be composed of not only the first and second types but also three or more types.

 Therefore, according to the sixth embodiment, the same effect as in the second embodiment can be achieved, and in addition, power is supplied to the conductive wire 3A provided on each of the PTC layers 54A and 54B of a plurality of trees. By switching between them, different positive coefficient characteristics can be selected, and the heat generation of the sheet heating element 51 can be reduced.

 Next, the seventh to fifth embodiments of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 15 and FIG. FIG. 15 shows a sheet heating element 61 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. No.

In the seventh embodiment, the structure is the same as that of the second mm except that the conductive single wire 3A is vertically arranged in multiple ij.

 FIG. 15 is a sectional view of the sheet heating element 61.

 In FIG. 15, the planar flaky 61 is composed of a knitting self-antibody sheet 12 and a T coating member 4 having a thickness of T which is provided on both ends of the antibody sheet 12 and covers the ΙΪΙ3. And an exterior material such as a PET film provided as necessary.

3 is composed of a plurality of conductors, and in FIG. 15, each of the conductors is composed of first and second single wire groups 31, 32 each composed of five conductive single wires 3A. In the distance from preparative 12 and D ₂ different, it is Rooster ^] thereto thereto heating resistance sheet 12 and the flat row.

 These single wire groups 31, 32 are configured to be energized simultaneously or selectively. In the case of ¾ ^ in which only the first single wire group 31 was energized and i ^ in which the second single wire group 32 was energized, the distance between the single wire groups 31, 32 from the hanging anti-sheet 12 was different, resulting in planar heat generation. Positive temperature coefficient special order for body 61 is different.

 FIG. 16 shows the positive coefficient characteristic of the sheet heating element 61 when the first and second single wire groups 31, 32 are energized.

In FIG. 16, P + S _c is a energized only in the first single-wire group 31, P + S _D is a ί was energized to only the second single-wire group 32. In FIG. 16, it differs by a temperature delta t and P + S _c and Ρ + S _D.

 Note that, in the first embodiment, the single wire group may include not only the first and second 2Ss but also three or more types.

 Therefore, according to the seventh embodiment, the same effect as in the second embodiment SB can be obtained. In addition, ¾3 is composed of a plurality of single conductor groups of the separate conductors 38, and this single conductor group is generated from the joint. The distance from the sheet 12 is different, and it is generated by switching between the power lines composed of a plurality of single wire groups 31 and 32, which are roared in parallel with the anti-sheet 12, and the energized single wire groups 31,32. However, it is possible to select different positive coefficient trees, and it is possible to control the fever of the area generation »61.

 Hereinafter, examples will be described in order to achieve the effects of each of the ^^ modes.

 (麵 Row 1)

 Difficult example 1 corresponds to the first condition, in which the heat-resistant sheet 2 is formed from an aluminum etching material. The aluminum etching material has a width 245ιππιχ length lm and a resistance value of 1 KΩ. / m.

^ 55 parts by weight of ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EE A) CDPDJ6182 (manufactured by Nippon Rikiichi Co., Ltd.) and 45 parts by weight of carbon RANK (CB) [Dia Black E; formed by «$ motifs from [: ■ Type Company]. Each electrode 3 was formed by arranging 10 single wires 3A in parallel without crossing each other.

 In the surface removal of this structure 1, the calorific value changes depending on the environment, and the other surface emission book using the fired material as the ^ sheet has a similarly good transfer coefficient characteristic. showed that. This positive coefficient characteristic is the same as that shown in Fig. 4 (C). This is because the transmission of the sheet 2 to tt3 causes the ^^ of the coating 4 to rise, and the overlying member 4 functions as a positive coefficient. Also, one side of the sheet heating element 1 was covered with a heat insulating material (styrene foam) along the electrode 3 to generate a temperature difference of 20 ° C on the surface. No fever occurred.

 Heat history is cycled 15 times at a lower temperature limit of 120 ° C and an upper temperature limit of 70 ° C (heating / cooling rate: 1 ° C / temperature for 10 minutes at 50 ° C. Then, the temperature changed to the next temperature.) When the resistance value was changed by thermal eyebrows, it was 10.5% in the case of Jonggyo 1, whereas it was 120% in the case of « In Example 1, the change in resistance due to heat was less than one-fourth of that in the sheet body of Example |

 (Sickle example 2)

 »Example 2 corresponds to the second situation, in which the anti-sheet 12 and 80 parts by weight of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) [Idemitsu HDPE 230 J; Idemitsu Kosan ¾ ^ company] 20 parts by weight of carbon black (CB) (diamond black; manufactured by San-Daisei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and 1S-coated member 4 is made of the same ethylene monomer as in Example 1. It was obtained from the exfoliated products of the rate copolymer (EEA) and Ribonbon black (CB). Each was formed by arranging 10 single wires 3 A in parallel without crossing each other.

The planar M book 11 of this structure exhibited good positive coefficient waitability for the same reason as in Example 1. This positive coefficient characteristic is the same as that shown in Fig. 7 (C). In addition, one side of the sheet heating element 11 was covered with a heat insulating material (styrene foam) along the electrode 3 to generate a temperature difference of 20 ° C on the surface. Did not occur. This is because the temperature of the resin used in the heating sheet 12 is 120 ° C. or higher, and there is no large direct rise (positive temperature coefficient characteristic) at 100 ° C. or lower.

 At the same time, an experiment using heat under the same conditions as in Example 1 showed that the change in the resistance value due to heat was less than one-tenth of that of the surface.

 (Difficulty 3)

 ^ Example 3 corresponds to the fourth embodiment, in which the PTC layer 34A has the same configuration as the electrode covering member 4 of Example 1, and the PTC layer covering 34B is 55 parts by weight of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). ) And 45 parts by weight of carbon black (CB). The PTC layer-coated member 34B has a low specific resistance and does not contribute to heat generation. Other configurations of the third embodiment are the same as those of the second embodiment.

 In the planar surface 31 of this structure, since the PTC layer coating {34} and the repellent sheet 2 are made of the same material, the heat between them becomes easy, and the variation of ± 20 is achieved. % iffi dignified. Also, since HDPE has M raw material compared to EEA which constitutes the 1® coated member 4, durability and performance stability at high temperatures are improved by 30 ° C.

 (Sickle example 4)

 m4 corresponds to the fifth embodiment, and has the same structure as that of Example 3 except that each conductive single wire 3A is covered with a PTC layer 44A.

 With this structure, the pressure resistance capability s is improved in the M-41.

 That is, in Examples 1 and 2, when a pressure is applied to 3, the distance between the conductive single wire 3A and the spread sheet 12 easily changes, and the positive coefficient characteristic fluctuates greatly.

 On the other hand, in Example 4 of SS, the position of the conductive single wire 3 A is maintained and the deformation of the PTC layer 44 A is suppressed by using ぃ 110? Which is larger than ££ 8. .

At room temperature, the three parts of Example 1 were added. When a pressure of 10 kg / cm ² was applied to the sample, the resistance changed by 20%, but in Example 4, the resistance changed within 3%.

 (Example 5)

 mm 5 corresponds to the sixth embodiment, the IPTC layer 54A has the same configuration as the PTC layer 34A of Example 3, and the second PTC layer 54B has a linear shape as a thermoplastic resin. Using β-degree polyethylene (LLDPE) (trade name; FW1650, manufactured by Dow), the carbon black (CB) composition 'production method is the same as that of Example S.

 In the planar shape 51 of this structure, the resistance between the conductive single wire 3A coated on the first PTC layer 54Α and the conductive single wire 3A coated on the second PTC layer 54B is switched to provide a resistance characteristic. Can be selected for two customers, and the legs of the 辦 辦 are possible. Specifically, the maximum temperature of the sheet heating element 51 is about 80 ° C. for the first PTC layer 54A and 100 ° C. for the second PTC layer 54B. In particular, in floor heating, etc., the required amount of heat varies depending on the season, and H½Example 6 is suitable as one of the adjustment methods.

 (Difficulty 6)

Flame Example 6, which corresponds to the 7¾ »condition, originating H誕抗than the distance D i and D ₂ from sheet 12 using two different single-wire groups 31, 32 ^ Example 2 and the same structure It is.

In Example 6, the thickness h method T of the coating ¾Ι¾ί4 was set to Ι.Οππη, was set to 0.2, and D ₂ was set to 0.4ππη. The difference At between P + _Sc and P + _SD shown in FIG. 16 is 20 ° C.

 In the planar fiber 61 having this structure, the power can be changed by 20 ° C by switching the group of single wires 31 and 32 to be energized.

 C Comparative Example 3

60 parts by weight of ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA) CDPD J 6182; manufactured by Nippon Tunica Co., Ltd.] and 40 parts by weight of carbon black (CB) [Diablack E; Competitor) from the product of the ^ ^ Done. The same material and the same product were output to form φ: cross-section arrow SB: S-shaped i coating, and the β coating and the birth pile sheet were listened to by heat sealing or the like. When an equilibrium filter was attached to the planar surface of this structure and energized, it showed good positive temperature coefficient characteristics depending on the change.

 However, if one surface of the planar surface is cut along «I® and covered with (Styrofoam) and a difference of 20 ° C is generated on the surface, local heat is generated and good heat cannot be obtained. In addition, changes due to thermal eyebrows were observed at about several tens of percent.

 It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the configuration of each embodiment, and includes the following modifications as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.

 For example, in each of the three editions, the covering is formed by expanding a plurality of single wires 3A into a flat plate shape and swelling the leaked material, and forming a rectangular cross section. However, in the present invention, the @g provided on the S @ coating may be formed by forming a plurality of single wires into a circular cross section by breaking, or by forming one thick single wire. However, it is also possible to use a structure in which a single wire of a conductive wire is broken or a single thick wire is provided on the anti-sheet 2, 1, 2 or 22 itself. .

 Also, two electrode covering members 4 were fused to the resistance sheet 2, 12, and 22. However, the number of the electrode covering members 4 may be three or more.

 The cross section of the S¾ coating 4 may be various triangles such as a triangle, a pentagon, and the like.

As described above, according to the present invention, a plurality of electrode covering members each covering an electrode are attached to the sheet-like carving sheet at a predetermined interval from each other. The PTC layer has a positive coefficient property that increases the PTC layer.The PTC layer should be a PTC layer that does not have a positive coefficient characteristic or that has a rising magnification that indicates the maximum rising magnification of the PTC layer. Is it smaller or rising compared to the layer? Since the structure has higher positive ^ coefficient characteristics than the TC layer, In this way, heat generation can be sufficiently prevented, resistance changes with time are small, and it can be viewed at low cost. In addition, the rise of the resistance can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the specific resistance value of the PTC layer with respect to the resistance sheet. Having. Industrial availability

 As described above, in the present invention, for example, a heater for beta of a fiber roof, a heater for floor heating, and a certain heater are suitable for use as an anti-fog for mirror.

Claims

The scope of the claims

 1. In each case, a plurality of covering members coated with S are separated from each other by a predetermined distance and are attached to the sheet heating resistance sheet. It is a PTC layer having a positive temperature coefficient characteristic to increase the electric resistance value, and the self-made self-tipped sheet does not have the knitting aeas coefficient characteristic. Indicate the highest magnification of the layer. In the following range, the surface temperature is smaller than that of the PTC layer or has a higher positive temperature coefficient than that of the PTC layer.

 2. The sheet heating element according to claim 1, wherein the positive temperature coefficient of the positive temperature coefficient in the three-enhancement-enhancing sheet is within the temperature range at which the iLii magnification of the characteristic is equal to or lower than the temperature indicating the uppermost magnification of the PTC layer. A planar emission m characterized by a temperature coefficient characteristic of 0.5 or less of the starting magnification m

3. In the sheet heating element according to claim 1, 3 heating 編 Positive coefficient in the sheet The rising temperature of the tree is higher than the rising temperature of the custom temperature coefficient in the PTC layer by 5 ° C or more. M surface area

4. According to the surface condition described in claim 1 or claim 2, the C layer is made of fibrous material having a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles. Departure from waiting area

 5. The planar projection according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tiiEP TC layer is swollen from the material.

6. In the surface freshening as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5, the knitting basket anti-sheet is made of a heat-resistant material having a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles. A planar shape with

7. In the planar test book according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the knitting member is disposed in the vicinity of {3 «} and has a positive coefficient characteristic in which an electric resistance value increases as the resistance increases. And a PTC layer covering member for covering the PTC layer. The PTC layer covering member and the knitting self-resisting sheet are made of the same resin. Departure from the surface

 8. In the planar development described in Shellfish 7, iifBms is composed of a single wire group of multiple conductors. The layer is a planar shape with a single wire covered individually.

9. In the planar assault according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the knitting SIS is composed of a single wire group of a plurality of electric shelf conductors ^ luiap τ. Each layer covers a part of the 3 single wire group, and is composed of two or more squares with different rising magnification and rising temperature.

 10 0. In the planar emission according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the knitting β is composed of a single wire group of a plurality of conductors, and the single wire group has different distances from the three-shot magnetic resistance sheet. Each of the sheet-like light sources is characterized by being constituted by a plurality of single wire groups arranged in parallel with the heating resistor sheet.

 1 1. In the plain text book described in any one of claims 1 to 10, the third sentence anti-sheet is taken from the material.

 1 2. In the planar exposition book described in any one of claims 1 to 10, the three-part wives' opposition sheet is made of a material.

 1 3. The planar emission book according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the heating resistor sheet and the t? I p p c layer are thermally integrated so as to be thermally integrated with the tii layer. A sheet heating element characterized in that the PTC layer is connected to the PTC layer with a heating material via an insulating layer therebetween.

Revised paper. (Rule 91)