WO1998030864A2 - Blasting with shock absorbing gel - Google Patents
Blasting with shock absorbing gel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998030864A2 WO1998030864A2 PCT/US1998/000270 US9800270W WO9830864A2 WO 1998030864 A2 WO1998030864 A2 WO 1998030864A2 US 9800270 W US9800270 W US 9800270W WO 9830864 A2 WO9830864 A2 WO 9830864A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rock
- gel
- explosive
- moderating
- bore holes
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/24—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor characterised by the tamping material
- F42D1/28—Tamping with gelling agents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of blasting blocks of rock from larger rock formations or larger blocks such as the blasting of loaves and blocks of rock in quarries, and in the field of blasting openings in rock.
- loaves large pieces of rock
- the loaves are generally up to about fifty feet in length by about twenty feet in width by about fifteen feet in height and weigh in the range of about fifteen thousand tons.
- the smaller blocks into which the loaves are broken typically are about six feet in width by about five feet in height by about six to eight feet in length.
- cuts in the rock to define the ends of the loaves are generally made by water jet cutting or by burning or spalling. Once the ends are cut to define the length of the loaf and to provide relief, bore holes are drilled into the rock along the desired lines of breakage at the back of the loaf and the bottom of the loaf between the end cuts. These bore holes are then filled with an explosive, the explosive is detonated, and the detonation separates the loaf of rock from the solid rock formation. Depending upon the explosives used, the holes along a horizontal break line (the bottom of the loaf) may be drilled at a slight angle in order to hold a liquid. This angle is normally about 2° but may range up to about 6°. The loaves are then further broken into the smaller blocks.
- detonating cord is merely placed in the hole and detonated, most of the explosive power is absorbed by the air in the empty hole and the blast is not effective to crack and break the rock along the desired break line.
- detonating cord of relatively large explosive power it can merely be placed in the hole in air and detonated. However, this uses much more explosive power than necessary.
- Current practice in many quarries is to place the detonating cord in the hole, fill the hole with water, and then detonate the cord. The water transmits the explosive force of the detonation hydro- statically to the rock and the rock is broken as desired.
- the force of the explosion usually causes many small cracks, called spider cracks, to form extending from the hole anywhere from three inches to one foot into the rock.
- spider cracks In finishing the block of rock, it is necessary to cut off the rock having the spider cracks. This wastes a substantial amount of the rock which is an economic loss to the quarry. For example, if the spider cracks extend three inches into the rock on all sides so that three inches is cut off all sides of a five by six by eight foot block, this wastes almost twelve percent of the rock in the block. If cracks extend twelve inches into the block so twelve inches of rock has to be cut, over forty percent of the block is wasted. Where high quality stone is being broken into blocks and the excessive waste due to spider cracks is to be avoided, the blocks can be broken by wedging.
- the detonating cord with surrounding water provides enough explosive power for breaking the large loaves of rock from the solid rock formation so the water and detonating cord can be used in those situations also.
- spider cracks that have to be removed before the rock is ready for finishing.
- an explosive remains effective in breaking rock loaves from rock formations and in breaking the rock loaves into smaller blocks, yet the explosive force is modified to substantially reduce cracking or damage to the broken blocks thereby allowing greater effective use of the blocks by replacing the water normally used with detonating cord in a bore hole with a shock transmitting and moderating composition.
- the shock transmitting and moderating composition is preferably an aqueous gel having shock absorbing material, such as bubbles in the form of microspheres, suspended therein.
- the bubbles can be micro gas bubbles suspended in the gel.
- Bore holes are formed in normal manner in the rock formation or in the rock loaf to be further broken, the detonating cord inserted into the holes for substantially the entire length of the holes, and the bore holes filled with the shock transmitting and moderating composition of the invention.
- the detonating cord is placed in the bore hole without any special placement or alignment necessary.
- the shock absorbing means or material suspended in the gel is preferably microspheres, such as glass microspheres, and the gel in one embodiment is preferably made from a gum such as a guar gum and water or from a high molecular weight acrylic thickener and water. Gels made with between about 0.6% and about 2% guar gum in water, and with between about 0.6% and about 2% glass microspheres have been found satisfactory. In some cases a pH adjustment will be necessary to form and maintain the gel. For guar gum gels, glacial acetic acid or vinegar may be added to keep the pH value in the range of about 3.5 to about 6. A preservative is also sometimes used. The gel is easily mixed by adding the gel and energy absorbing material to water and mixing.
- the gel is made from a high molecular weight acrylic thickener and water.
- a thickener such as Colloid 1560 from Rhone Poulenc or Carbopol EZ- 2 from B. F. Goodrich has been found satisfactory.
- the pH of the mixture is adjusted, this time generally with the addition of an alkali or base such as ammonium hydroxide, to cause the thickening.
- an alkali or base such as ammonium hydroxide
- a powdered acrylic thickener allows a dry mix of ingredients to be made and transported to the site of use where water is added.
- the make-up of the gel will depend upon the specific characteristics of the rock to be broken and the explosive strength of the detonating cord being used.
- the percentage of energy absorbing means can be adjusted as desired to adjust the explosive force transmitted to the rock being broken.
- the invention can be tailored to effectively break most quarried rocks without damaging the rocks.
- the invention can also be used in blasting openings in rock where stability of the rock surrounding the opening is important.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a rock quarry showing a loaf to be separated from the rock formation;
- Fig. 2 a perspective view of a rock loaf separated from a rock formation and ready to be broken into smaller blocks
- Fig. 3 a perspective view of one of the smaller blocks ready to be broken into still smaller blocks
- FIG. 4 a fragmentary vertical section taken on the line 3-3 in Fig. 2; and Fig. 5, a fragmentary enlarged vertical section of a portion of the hole of Fig. 4.
- the invention provides an effective way of explosively breaking rock along desired break lines and substantially reducing or eliminating the formation of unwanted cracks extending into the rock. It does this by controlling the transmission to the rock to be broken of the explosive shock upon detonation of the explosive. By so controlling the transmission of the explosive shock to the rock, the shock transmitted can be adjusted and moderated as desired to provide the desired breaking force while eliminating the excessive shock that causes unwanted destructive cracking.
- Rock loaves 10 or other rock pieces are generally broken from a rock formation 11, which may merely be a larger rock, by drilling a series of substantially evenly spaced bore holes into the rock along the desired break lines of the rock. When breaking a large rock loaf from a rock formation, the end of the loaf will usually be defined first by water jet cutting or by burning or spalling an end cut 12, Fig.
- Bore holes 13 and 14 are drilled along the back and bottom, respectively, of the loaf to be removed.
- the spacing of the bore holes may vary depending upon the rock to be broken. In most granite quarries, for breaking large loaves and for breaking smaller blocks of granite from large loaves of granite, the holes are spaced about every five-and-one-half inches along the desired break lines.
- the bore holes are generally between one and one-and-one-quarter inches in diameter.
- the horizontal holes 14 at the bottom of the loaf are sloped at a small angle so that they may be filled with a liquid. In the prior art, the bore holes may be completely filled with explosives or may have a detonating cord placed therein and then filled with water.
- detonating cord may be placed in the holes and the holes filled with water. Detonation of the detonating cord causes loaf 11 to be broken into a plurality of smaller blocks 17. These smaller blocks 17 are then placed on their side, Fig. 3, and vertical bore holes 18 are drilled along further desired break lines. In the prior art, detonating cord may be placed in these holes and the holes filled with water. Detonation of the detonating cord breaks block 17 into smaller blocks 19. These smaller blocks 19 are of generally desired size to be further finished by cutting and polishing. The prior art explosive methods of breaking the loaves into smaller blocks results in cracks, generally referred to as spider cracks, in the rock which requires the trimming of the sides of the rock to remove such cracks.
- the invention involves the use of a shock transmitting and moderating composition filling the hole around the detonating cord in place of the water used in the prior art.
- a length of detonating cord 20, Fig. 4 is placed in each hole, for example hole 15 in loaf 11, generally extending substantially the entire length of the hole.
- the hole is then filled with a gel 21.
- Gel 21 has shock absorbing material 22, Fig. 5, suspended in the gel to alter its force and shock transmitting properties.
- Gel 21 with shock absorbing material 22 is the shock transmitting and moderating composition.
- the presently preferred shock absorbing material is microspheres, preferably glass microspheres.
- Kl glass bubbles as made by 3M Specialty Additives of St. Paul, Minnesota, have been found satisfactory and are currently preferred because they are relatively inexpensive (3M's most economical glass bubble), and appear to work as well as more expensive glass, ceramic, or plastic bubbles or microspheres.
- a presently preferred gel is an aqueous guar gum gel with from about 0.6% to about 2% guar gum in water.
- a 2610 guar gum as made by Rhone-Poulenc has been found satisfactory, although various guar and other types of gum may be used. The 2610 has no preservative and blends well with water.
- Acid such as acetic acid
- a pH in this range is generally necessary to allow the gum to thicken and to remain in its thickened condition.
- a preservative such as Tektamer 38 made by Calgon Corp.
- a gum which includes a preservative such as 8050 made by Rhone-Poulenc can be used.
- 8050 guar gum does not mix as well with water and may require the addition of a carrier such as ethylene glycol. The preservative prevents the gum from breaking down.
- the glass bubbles should be suspended in the gel in the range of about 0.6 percent to about 2 percent.
- the gum is mixed with water and any necessary acid, preservatives, and other desired ingredients, and the microspheres are mixed into the gel as it is gelling so as to be suspended substantially homogeneously in the gel.
- the gel keeps the microspheres in suspension.
- the percentage of microspheres used will vary with the properties of the rock to be broken, the strength of the detonating cord to be used, and the microspheres and gel properties.
- the properties of the rock to be broken are important to consider as rocks from different areas, even the same type of rock, will vary substantially in properties such as compressive strength and bulk density. Fineness of grain of the rock is also important as finer grain rock is generally harder to break.
- the various ingredients can be mixed in a mixer at the site of the bore holes and, when gelled sufficiently to keep the microspheres in suspension, poured into the bore holes around the detonating cord, or the gel can be mixed at a remote site and transported to the holes.
- a dry mix of the gum, microspheres, dry acid, and other desired ingredients can be prepared and packaged, such as in bags, and transported to the mixing site where it is mixed with water to prepare the gel.
- Various mixers may be used. including an open container where the contents of the dry premix is added to water and the ingredients mixed manually, mechanically, or with a shovel.
- the mix is allowed to set to gel sufficiently to maintain the microspheres in suspension, and is then poured, pumped, or otherwise placed in the bore hole around the detonating cord.
- This mixture will usually gel about 80% in three to five minutes which is usually sufficient to hold the miscrosphere in suspension during pouring and further setting.
- the composition can usually be poured into the bore holes around the detonating cord within about three to five minutes after mixing. Further setting time may be allowed, if desired.
- the mixture generally will gel about 95% within thirty minutes. If it is desired to further harden or set the gel, crosslinking agents can be added to the gel mix.
- material such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, or calcium chloride may be added to the water or the composition to depress the freezing point of the water and gel to provide time for the gel to form and be poured into a hole before it freezes. Once in the hole, it does not matter if the gel freezes.
- the invention was used in breaking smaller blocks from a loaf of granite having compression strength of 22,650 PSI and bulk density of 168.4 lbs/ft 3 .
- the gel used had the following composition: Water 97.8%
- EXAMPLE 2 The invention was used in breaking smaller blocks from a loaf of granite having compression strength of 17,550 PSI and bulk density of 167.3 lbs/ft 3 .
- the gel used had the following composition:
- the detonating cord used was 10 grains per foot.
- the gel worked well to break blocks and the blocks were free of spider cracks.
- EXAMPLE 3 The invention was used in breaking smaller blocks from a loaf of granite having compression strength of 22,650 PSI and bulk density of 168.4 lb/ft 3 .
- the gel used had the following composition:
- the detonating cord used was 7.5 grains per foot.
- the gel worked well to break blocks and the blocks were free of spider cracks.
- EXAMPLE 4 The invention was used in breaking smaller blocks from a loaf of granite having compression strength of 22,650 PSI and bulk density of 168.4 lbs/ft 3 .
- the gel used had the following composition:
- the detonating cord used was 7.5 grains per foot.
- the gel density was about 0.8 and the gel did not work well in breaking the rock into blocks. Not enough of the explosive shock was transferred to the rock.
- Such composition may have worked if a detonating cord of greater explosive strength was used (a detonating cord of 10 grains per foot did not work satisfactorily, but detonating cord up to 40 grains per foot is available) or if the rock had lower compressive strength and/or bulk density. It is currently contemplated that the glass bubbles may make up from about 0.6% to about 2% of the composition and that the gum may similarly make up from about 0.6% to about 2% of the composition.
- the composition transmits too much shock to the rock (the shock is not moderated sufficiently) and spider cracks remain a problem. Above about 2% glass bubbles, too much shock is lost and breakage of the rock does not occur or occurs only with high explosive value detonating cord which currently adds unreasonably to the expense . With gum below about 0.6%, the composition generally does not gel sufficiently to keep the glass bubbles in suspension and above about 2%, the composition gels to an extent that makes it difficult to pump or pour and flow into the bore holes. However, with variations in the gel used and the shock absorbing material used, the proportions may change.
- gas bubble generating material includes sodium bicarbonate, NaHC0 3 , and sodium nitrite NaN0 2 .
- EXAMPLE 5 A composition of the invention was prepared with a gel having the following composition by weight: Water 98.0%
- the final composition had a density of 0.70%/cc.
- composition was used similarly as the compositions of the prior examples and found to work well
- the gum forms the gel.
- the acid neutralizes the normal alkalinity of the sodium bicarbonate and forms minuscule gas bubbles that reduce the density of the final product to a quite low density depending on the amount of acid and sodium bicarbonate, in a similar manner as the beads in prior examples.
- the gel is thixotropic with a profusion of CO- bubbles of micron size. The bubbles provide the shock absorption.
- the composition made in this way works satisfactorily for use soon after mixing, but the gas bubbles tend to migrate in the composition and do not remain distributed throughout the gel as required for effective use for periods beyond a day or two.
- the temperature of the gel appears to affect the shelf life with cooler temperatures providing longer shelf life.
- the amount of sodium bicarbonate can vary between about 0.2% and 0.75%, preferably between about 0.4% and 0.65%, the acetic acid between about 0.1% and about 0.5% and the gum between about 0.8% and about 1.3%. Of course, these ranges will vary depending upon the type of acid used and type of gum used.
- a second presently preferred embodiment of gel is a mixture of a high molecular weight acrylic thickener and water.
- a preferred thickener is Colloid 1560 made by Rhone Poulenc.
- the thickener is an emulsion which forms a liquid when mixed with water and which swells and thickens in solution when its normal pH range of about 2.4 is increased to a range of between about 8 and 9.
- the increase in pH can be obtained by adding an alkali such as aqua ammonia, sodium hydroxide, or other type of neutralizer to the aqueous thickener solution.
- the pH of the composition was about 9.
- the ammonia (NH 4 0H) used can be a common household ammonia such as Parsons brand Household Ammonia with a density of about 0.983 gm/cc with a concentration of about 4%.
- the composition was used similarly as the composition of Examples 1-4 and found to work well.
- a concentrated composition of the invention was prepared with the following composition:
- a thick gel is formed. It is thixotropic in nature and may be shipped to the site of use. Prior to use, it is diluted one part concentrate to one part water. This forms a composition of pourable consistency with water content of 91.0%. This gives a final diluted composition with 1.0% beads, 4.0% Colloid 1560, and 4.0% aqua ammonia, i.e., a composition the same as that of Example 6. Addition of the water to make the final product constituency noted must be accompanied by adequate mixing to make a uniform pourable gel.
- the final product and any concentrate for the product should be kept covered to avoid exposure to air and resultant possible change and possible crusting due to prolonged, contact and oxidation with air.
- swellable acrylic polymer emulsions are available from different sources, such as Acrysol TT 615 from Rohm & Haas, and Carbopol EZ-2 and Carbopol 676 both from B. F. Goodrich.
- the B. F. Goodrich and Rohm & Haas products that exhibit similar swelling characteristics are supplied as a powder rather than an emulsion as with the Colloid 1560, and when put in solution register a low pH around 2.4 to 3.0 with little or no viscosity change.
- When partially neutralized to about pH 7.0, as with the Colloid 1560 they yield a significantly higher viscosity and produce a pourable gel similar to that produced with the Colloid 1560.
- the proportions used can vary as with the Colloid 1560.
- a dry mix of ingredients can be prepared and shipped to the site of use where it is mixed with water similarly to the dry mix using guar gum.
- composition of the invention was prepared with a gel having the following composition by weight:
- the ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide is added to bring the pH of the composition to between about 5 and 10.
- the ammonium hydroxide used was a 5% ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution.
- the sodium hydroxide was an aqueous solution made with one part dry technical grade sodium hydroxide dissolved in 19 parts water.
- the Z-Light beads are available from 3M or Zeelan Industries, Inc. More Z-Light beads are used than K-l beads.
- the Z-Light beads have a density of about 0.7 g/cc and a size range of from about 10 to 350 microns. While more Z- Light beads are needed, the cost for such beads is currently less than the cost for K-l beads so total cost is about the same.
- the density of the composition was about 0.97 g/cc. The composition worked well in breaking rock without spider cracks.
- the density of the composition is about 0.93-0.95 g/cc.
- the Carbopol EZ-2 and beads can be mixed and supplied as a dry mix. Water can be added later. The ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in solution can be added with the water or it can be supplied dry as part of the dry mix.
- the same method and gel composition may be used in separating the loaves from rock formations.
- the detonating cord used will usually be up to about a fifty grain cord to provide more explosive power for breaking the larger loaves from the rock formation.
- use of the gel is the same.
- the end of the loaf can be formed by bore holes and explosives along with the rear and bottom of the loaf, eliminating the need for water jet cutting or burning or spalling.
- the bore holes are generally spaced about five and one half inches apart along the desired line of breakage of the rock, the spacing of such bore holes may vary with spacing up to about one foot between holes being used.
- the specific detonating cord used may vary with the spacing of the bore holes, greater power detonating cord generally being used with greater spacing of the holes. Also, while the bore holes have been indicated as generally being between about one and one and one-quarter inches in diameter, the bore holes may be larger, with holes up to about three inches used in some instances. Smaller holes may also be used.
- shock absorbing means or material as have gas bubbles
- other material such as sawdust, nut shell grounds, pearlite, various plastic beads such as styrene, divinylbenzene, urea, and phenol formaldehyde, and foamed plastic beads such as polystyrene and similar foamed beads
- various plastic beads such as styrene, divinylbenzene, urea, and phenol formaldehyde
- foamed plastic beads such as polystyrene and similar foamed beads
- the percentage of the materials in the gel must be adjusted to provide the desired results.
- Various acids in addition to the liquid acetic acid mentioned may be used for pH control.
- dry acids such as fu aric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, or quinic acid may be used.
- various bases could be used in place of ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. While the invention so far has been described in connection with splitting of rock in stone quarries where the rock is the desired end product and cracks reduce the value of the rock, it can be used in other instances where excessive cracking of rock is undesirable.
- One of the other areas is in underground mining where cracking of a mine shaft, tunnel, or drift walls and roof can result in unstable walls and roof and in pieces of rock breaking off of the walls, and particularly the roof, and injuring a miner.
- the invention can be used to reduce cracking of the walls and roof of a mine shaft, tunnel, drift, or other opening to be made in the rock. The reduced cracking provides more stable walls and roof.
- blast hole groups When blasting mine shafts, tunnels, drifts, or other openings, it is common to produce a series of bore or blast hole groups from the center of the desired opening to the desired walls, roof, and floor. Thus, a blast hole would be drilled approximately in what will become the center of the shaft, tunnel, or drift, a series of holes will be drilled along the line that will become the walls, roof, and floor of the shaft, tunnel, or drift, and usually two or more additional sets of blast holes will be drilled in between.
- Blasting then usually is done in staggered fashion, such as detonating the center blast hole first to break rock in the center of the area to become the opening and then detonating the outside holes to create the walls and roof, with other sets of holes being detonated to then break up the larger blocks so they can be removed to open up the shaft, tunnel, or drift. In some instances other orders of detonation will be used.
- the composition of the invention it will be used at least in the outer set of holes, i.e., the ones defining the periphery of the opening to be made, to reduce cracking that would otherwise extend into the walls, roof, and floor. Also, it has been found that satisfactory results can be obtained in such blasting with bead or bubble concentration in the gel as low as about 0.1%.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98909971A EP0951634A4 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1998-01-09 | Method of breaking slabs and blocks of rock from rock formations and explosive shock transmitting and moderating composition for use therein |
BR9807284-6A BR9807284A (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1998-01-09 | Explosive shock transmitter and moderator composition, concentrated to be mixed with water for use in the composition of an explosive shock transmitter and moderator gel, and dynamite rock process |
CA002242871A CA2242871C (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1998-01-09 | Method of breaking slabs and blocks of rock from rock formations and explosive shock transmitting and moderating composition for use therein |
AU64328/98A AU6432898A (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1998-01-09 | Method of breaking slabs and blocks of rock from rock formations and explosive shock transmitting and moderating composition for use therein |
NO993333A NO993333L (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1999-07-06 | Method for breaking plate and block-shaped rock material from rock formations, as well as transmission and moderating means for use therein |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/781,880 US5810098A (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1997-01-10 | Method of breaking slabs and blocks of rock from rock formations and explosive shock transmitting and moderating composition for use therein |
US781,880 | 1997-01-10 | ||
US08/879,743 US5900578A (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1997-06-20 | Method of breaking slabs and explosive shock transmitting and moderating composition for use therein |
US879,743 | 1997-06-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998030864A2 true WO1998030864A2 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
WO1998030864A3 WO1998030864A3 (en) | 1999-01-28 |
Family
ID=27119916
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/000270 WO1998030864A2 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1998-01-09 | Blasting with shock absorbing gel |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0951634A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6432898A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9807284A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2242871C (en) |
NO (1) | NO993333L (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998030864A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2476994A1 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-18 | Anita Lohr | Explosion method and assembly of multiple boreholes for filling with explosives |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2759418A (en) * | 1951-08-14 | 1956-08-21 | Allied Chem & Dye Corp | Frozen nitrogen tetroxide-hydrocarbon explosives |
US4080902A (en) * | 1976-11-04 | 1978-03-28 | Teledyne Mccormick Selph | High speed igniter device |
US4198454A (en) * | 1978-10-27 | 1980-04-15 | American Air Filter Company, Inc. | Lightweight composite panel |
US4548660A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1985-10-22 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Water-in-oil emulsion explosive |
US4614146A (en) * | 1984-05-14 | 1986-09-30 | Les Explosifs Nordex Ltee/Nordex Explosives Ltd. | Mix-delivery system for explosives |
US4790890A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1988-12-13 | Ireco Incorporated | Packaged emulsion explosives and methods of manufacture thereof |
US5099763A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1992-03-31 | Eti Explosive Technologies International | Method of blasting |
US5253585A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1993-10-19 | David Hudak | Explosive pipe crimping method and devices |
US5584222A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1996-12-17 | Nitro Nobel Ab | Method for charging bore-holes with explosive |
US5597973A (en) * | 1995-01-30 | 1997-01-28 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Signal transmission fuse |
US5810098A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-09-22 | Wathen; Boyd J. | Method of breaking slabs and blocks of rock from rock formations and explosive shock transmitting and moderating composition for use therein |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3063373A (en) * | 1959-06-08 | 1962-11-13 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Method of blasting |
US3334052A (en) * | 1963-04-30 | 1967-08-01 | Kurz Fredrik Wilhelm Anton | Method of preparing a gel product containing air bubbles and the use thereof |
DE3118034A1 (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1982-11-25 | Ortwin M. 4330 Mülheim Zeißig | "METHOD AND TRIM CAMP FOR INSULATING DRILL HOLES WITH PASTE SET" |
DE3429939A1 (en) * | 1984-08-14 | 1986-02-20 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Ultrasound interface |
JP2832500B2 (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1998-12-09 | 和彦 熱田 | Bench blasting method |
-
1998
- 1998-01-09 CA CA002242871A patent/CA2242871C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-09 BR BR9807284-6A patent/BR9807284A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-01-09 EP EP98909971A patent/EP0951634A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-01-09 AU AU64328/98A patent/AU6432898A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-01-09 WO PCT/US1998/000270 patent/WO1998030864A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1999
- 1999-07-06 NO NO993333A patent/NO993333L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2759418A (en) * | 1951-08-14 | 1956-08-21 | Allied Chem & Dye Corp | Frozen nitrogen tetroxide-hydrocarbon explosives |
US4080902A (en) * | 1976-11-04 | 1978-03-28 | Teledyne Mccormick Selph | High speed igniter device |
US4198454A (en) * | 1978-10-27 | 1980-04-15 | American Air Filter Company, Inc. | Lightweight composite panel |
US4548660A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1985-10-22 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Water-in-oil emulsion explosive |
US4614146A (en) * | 1984-05-14 | 1986-09-30 | Les Explosifs Nordex Ltee/Nordex Explosives Ltd. | Mix-delivery system for explosives |
US4790890A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1988-12-13 | Ireco Incorporated | Packaged emulsion explosives and methods of manufacture thereof |
US5099763A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1992-03-31 | Eti Explosive Technologies International | Method of blasting |
US5253585A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1993-10-19 | David Hudak | Explosive pipe crimping method and devices |
US5584222A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1996-12-17 | Nitro Nobel Ab | Method for charging bore-holes with explosive |
US5597973A (en) * | 1995-01-30 | 1997-01-28 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Signal transmission fuse |
US5810098A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-09-22 | Wathen; Boyd J. | Method of breaking slabs and blocks of rock from rock formations and explosive shock transmitting and moderating composition for use therein |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0951634A2 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2476994A1 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-18 | Anita Lohr | Explosion method and assembly of multiple boreholes for filling with explosives |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1998030864A3 (en) | 1999-01-28 |
AU6432898A (en) | 1998-08-03 |
BR9807284A (en) | 2005-07-19 |
NO993333D0 (en) | 1999-07-06 |
EP0951634A2 (en) | 1999-10-27 |
EP0951634A4 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
NO993333L (en) | 1999-09-09 |
CA2242871C (en) | 2002-04-09 |
CA2242871A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5900578A (en) | Method of breaking slabs and explosive shock transmitting and moderating composition for use therein | |
CA1179984A (en) | Capsules containing cementitious compositions | |
AU609943B2 (en) | Blasting composition | |
US3774683A (en) | Method for stabilizing bore holes | |
CN111088979B (en) | Downward access filling mining method | |
WO1996013698A1 (en) | Apparatus and process for loading emulsion explosives | |
US10065899B1 (en) | Packaged granulated explosive emulsion | |
CA2386345C (en) | Reduced energy blasting agent and method | |
CA2242871C (en) | Method of breaking slabs and blocks of rock from rock formations and explosive shock transmitting and moderating composition for use therein | |
GB2290814A (en) | Treating wellbore fluids | |
US5271779A (en) | Making a reduced volume strength blasting composition | |
CA2163143A1 (en) | Apparatus and process for explosives mixing and loading | |
AU2011200621B2 (en) | Heavy ANFO and a tailored expanded polymeric density control agent | |
US4959108A (en) | Explosive compositions and method utilizing bulking and gassing agents | |
KR100942729B1 (en) | Non-explosive demolition mortar and the way to demolish a structure using the mortar | |
KR101991239B1 (en) | High speed tunnelling method using low density bulk emulsion explosive | |
US5585593A (en) | Inert stemming materials | |
Dambov et al. | Some technics to platform cutting and splitting of the marble blocks | |
Dambov et al. | Use of non–explosive material for crashing and cutting | |
CA2240544C (en) | Process and apparatus for the manufacture of emulsion explosive compositions | |
AU718409B2 (en) | Stabilized munitions | |
AU610402B2 (en) | Explosive compositions | |
SU1765433A1 (en) | Rock strengthening method | |
AU2006202311B2 (en) | Method of blasting | |
AU711461B2 (en) | Apparatus and process for explosives mixing and loading |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ENP | Entry into the national phase in: |
Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2242871 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F Ref document number: 2242871 Country of ref document: CA |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM GW HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US US UZ VN YU ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM GW HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US US UZ VN YU ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: PA/a/1999/006426 Country of ref document: MX |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1998909971 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1998909971 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase in: |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 1998531067 Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1998909971 Country of ref document: EP |