Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
  • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
  • F41A3/36—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing
  • F41A3/38—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes
  • F41A3/40—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes mounted on the bolt
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
  • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
  • F41A3/54—Bolt locks of the unlocked type, i.e. being inertia operated
  • F41A3/56—Bolt locks of the unlocked type, i.e. being inertia operated the bolt being provided with an additional slidable mass

Definitions

• the invention relates to a locking mechanism of a hand-carried fire arm or of a large caliber weapon, sli- dably located in a breech casing behind a barrel, comprising a breech block, its carrier and a lever, while said breech block comprises especially a firing pin and an ejector of fired cartridge cases reaching into a bed for a cartridge case bottom and further longitudinal guiding grooves for guiding bars protruding from breech casing sides and other longitudinal guiding grooves for guiding bars on a breech block carrier and to said carrier, which is under continuous action of a return spring, is connected a lever swingable to locked or unlocked position.
• the existing hand-carried fire-arms and large caliber weapon systems are usually provided with a locking mechanism for fixed connection of a barrel with a breech mechanism in the moment of fire.
• said fixed connection transfers a part of the recoil energy into the hand or shoulder of a shooter or onto a design of a gun carriage, if an artillery weapon is in question.
• Said recoil creates an angle of jump what causes corruption of the line of sight and results in extension of the time to re-aim the arm before another shot.
• automatic mode of fire i.e. when firing bursts, a relatively strong recoil shock of every shot causes low grouping of hits in the target.
• Some hand-carried fire-arms have their barrels located in a breech casing spring loaded and shiftably and the cartridge chamber locked in the moment of fire.
• the barrel together with the breech mechanism performs a braked recoil motion in the moment of fire, in the last phase of said recoil motion one part of the breech mechanism drives onto a slant surface provided on the rear part of the breech casing, what causes tilting of two of its parts and thus unlocking of the cartridge chamber and withdrawal of the breech mechanism from the barrel .
• Said principle results in a more favourable distribution of the recoil shock energy in time.
• the barrel then independently performs a forward motion. Relatively hard stop of the barrel recoil is again transferred into the hand or shoulder of the shooter, what makes further aiming onto the target difficult.
• slidable location of the barrel in the breech casing is considerably challenging from the point of view of production.
• a locking mechanism comprises in a breech casing a slidable breech block with swingable shot enegy compensator, being located on a slidable breech block and provided with a bed for a cartridge case bottom and further a breech block carrier and a locking lever.
• the carrier in said embodiment is sli- dably located on the upper side of the breech block and provided with swingable locking lever cooperating in locked position with a slidable breech block and with a breech casing.
• Reverse motion of the cartridge case in the moment of fire causes swinging of the compensator and longer arm of the compensator imparts a hard reverse motion to the carrier of slidable breech block which at the same time pulls the locking lever out of engagement with the breech casing causing thus unlocking of the breech mechanism.
• the locking le- ver then catches the slidable breech block which is toghe- ther with the compensator carried by the carrier to the read dead center.
• Mentioned embodiment decreases the recoil shock of the arm and increases thus accuracy of fire and improves grouping of hits when firing bursts as compared with other known embodiments. But it has a series of disadvantages and short- commings .
• One of them is the use of swingable compensator what from the production point of view presents a comparatively challenging element of the arm, said element may have a negative influence on the stability and service life of the breech mechanism as a whole .
• Another disadvantage of said embodiment is its difficult adaptability to the use in different types of arms with the cartridges of different power .
• the aim of the invention is to eliminate the above mentioned disadvantages and shortcommings of kown designs of hand-carried fire-arms and large caliber weapons and to create such a principle of a locking mechanism, which would guarantee reliable closing of a cartridge chamber in the moment of fire up to a degree that immediately after a shot, no undesirable escape of gas pressure around external wall of fired cartridge case towards the face wall of a breech block takes place and further that a considerable decrease of a recoil shock in the moment of fire takes place as compared with arms, where the cartridge chamber is fixedly closed in the moment of fire.
• a relatively important task is to simplify the production and to decrease production labori- ousness, to increase reliability of an arm and exchangeability of elements .
• a locking mechanism of a hand-carried fire-arm or of an artillery weapon slidably located in a breech casing behind a barrel, comprising a breech block, its carrier and a lever, while said breech block comprises particularly a firing pin and an ejector of empty cartridge cases, said ejector reaching into a bed for a cartridge case bottom and further londitudinal guiding grooves for guiding bars protruding from breech casing sides and other longitudinal guiding grooves for guiding bars on a breech block carrier and to the carrier, being under continuous action od a return spring, is connected a lever swingable into locked and unlocked positions, according to the invention, being characterized in that said lever is a lever of the third order with a shorter leg and with a
• said lever of the third order is provided with two webs arranged in the form of an angular letter U, the base of which, connecting both said webs, is provided with a bearing surface and both webs with arched friction surfaces opposite to said bearing surface, while free ends of said webs are provided with coaxial openings for a pin for swingable mounting of said lever of the third order in a carrier.
• mentioned lever of the third order may be provided with two webs arranged in the form of an inverted letter U protruding from full cylindrical part, extending beyond external sides of said webs, whi- le said webs may be provided at their free ends with outwardly widened arched friction surfaces and also widened bearing surfaces, or two webs arranged in the form of inverted letter U protruding from ends of said cylindrical part in which there is a through-hole for a pin to ⁇ wingably mount said lever of the third order in a carrier, while free ends of said webs are provided with arched friction surfaces and bearing surfaces .
• a single-arm lever which may be mounted on a pin reaching from said carrier into a bed opened from the rear and from down created in said carrier, while a breech block may be provided with vertical groove with transversely arranged traction pin for engagement with the recess provided in said lever of the third order .
• An advantage of the embodiment according to the invention is absolutely reliable locking of said locking mechanism in the moment of fire. After fire said locking mechanism secures no undesirable escape of powder gas pressure along external wall of fired cartridge case .
• An important advantage is a considerable decrease of recoil shock in the moment of fire, what results in increased accuracy of hits when firing bursts . From the point of view of production there is an indisputable advantage in the possibility of relatively rough finish of the surfaces of individual elements of said locking mechanism and especially lowering the number of its parts as compared with described known solutions of locking mechanisms .
• Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic longitudinal axial section of a locking mechanism of the first preferred embodiment in locked position
• Fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal axial section of the same locking mechanism in unlocked position
• Fig. 3 is a transverse section of locking mechanism according to Fig. 1 along line III - III in Fig. 1
• Fig. 4 is a side view of a lever of the third order of locking mechanism in the first preferred embodiment
• Fig. 5 is a view of the same lever of the third order in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 4
• Fig. 6 is a view of the same lever of the third order in the direction of arrow B in Fig. 4,
• Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic longitudinal axial section of a locking mechanism of the first preferred embodiment in locked position
• Fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal axial section of the same locking mechanism in unlocked position
• Fig. 3 is a transverse section of locking mechanism according to Fig. 1 along line III - III in Fig. 1
• FIG. 7 is a schematic longitudinal axial section of locking mechanism of the second preferred embodiment
• Fig. 8 is a partial schematic longitudinal section of the rear part of a breech block in ground plan along line VIII - VIII in Fig. 7
• Fig. 9 is a vertical section of a lever of the third order in the second preferred embodiment in the form of letter U for the design according to Fig. 7 along line IX - IX in Fig. 10
• Fig. 10 is a front view in the direction of arrow C of lever of the third order according to Fig. 9
• Fig. 11 is an axonometric view of a lever of the third order according to Figs. 9 and 10, Fig.
• Fig. 12 is a vertical section of lever of the third order in the form of inverted letter U for the embodiment according to Fig. 7 along line XII - XII in Fig. 13, Fig. 13 is a front view in the direction of arrow D of a lever of the third order according fo Fig. 12, Fig. 14 is a front view in the direction of arrow E of a lever of the third order according to Fig. 12, Fig. 15 is a vertical section of a lever of the third order in the form of inverted letter U with inserted pin for the embodiment according to Fig. 7 along line XV - XV in Fig. 16, Fig. 16 is a front view in the direction of arrow F of a lever of the third order according to fig. 15, Fig.
• FIG. 17 is a front view in the direction of arrow G of a lever of the third order according to Fig. 15, Fig. 18 is a schematic longitudinal axial section of a locking mechanism in the third preferred embodiment in locked position and Fig. 19 is a schematic longitudinal axial section of the same locking mechanism in unlocked position.
• Locking mechanism comprises a breech block 1 slidably mounted in breech casing 2 by means of a pair of longitudinal guiding grooves 2 made in side walls of breech block 1 , into said guiding grooves 3 . fit guiding bars 4. created on opposite internal surfaces of sides 5_ of breech casing 2 .
• other guiding bars Into said second pair of longitudinal guiding grooves 2 fit other guiding bars 8. created at the lower part of carrier £.
• Breech block 1 is provided on its face wall 9 .
• bed 1Q_ partly reaches a not shown extractor to extract cartridge cases 12. from cartridge chamber ,14 . of barrel .15 . after firing a cartridge 13 . and a not shown usual ejector of cartridge cases 12.
• Barrel 15_ is placed by its end in a stationary part of the arm, e.g. in breech casing 2-
• Carrier £ is provided with transversely arranged blank opening 1 followed toward breech block 1 by opened transverse groove 12 for easy insertion of lever of the third order 8 into blind opening 16.
• Said lever 18. is inserted swingably able to swing in two positions, i.e. locked and unlocked.
• Lever of the third order 18. is provided with cylindrical part 19_ to be inserted in blind opening 16. in carrier 6 . and arranged at one of its ends, continuing in narrowed shank 0. at the end of which said lever of the third order 18 is again widened to the side and provided on the one hand toward face wall 9.
• breech block 1 with arched friction surface 21 created on shorter leg 22 of lever of the third order 18 and designed for sliding contact with sliding surface 22 created by side wall of transverse channel -like re- cess 24 . created in breech block 1 , on the other hand opposite toward arched friction surface 21 with bearing surface 25 created on longer leg 2£ of lever of the third order 18 and designed to get in contact with stop surfaces 22 created in breech casing 2-
• Breech block 1 is provided with usual firing pin 22 slidably located in opening 22. created in breech block 1 between bed 1Q . for bottom H of cartridge case 12 and level of sliding surface 22- Above said sliding surface 22 said firing pin 22 overlaps the mouth of opening 22. and reaches into the way of shorter leg 22 of lever of the third order
• said breech block 1 is from the rear end provided with opened vertical through-groove 30 for passage of lever of the third order 18.
• Carrier 2 " is underneath its upper surface 21 provided with longitudinal blind opening 22 to receive return spring 22, the latter bearing by one of its ends against a bottom of blind opening 22 and by the other end against rear face 34 of breech casing 2 .
• Return spring 22 is pushed on guiding rod 22 anchored in rear face 2i of breech casing 2 .
• Cylindrical part 12. of lever of the third order 12 is provided with tranversely arranged channel-like groove 22 for free passage of return spring 33.
• carrier 6. again contains a swingably located lever of the third order 22 but having the shape of letter U, as evident in Figs. 8 up to 11, its axis of swing again in a blind opening 12 in carrier 6.
• Said lever of the third order 22 is provided with divided cylindrical part
• a hammer 22 connected with a not shown trigger mechanism and designed to hit the rear end of firing pin 22 which passes through the whole breech block 47.
• Carrier 6 . of this preferred embodiment is connected with return spring 49 . being pushed on tie-rod 5_0_ which is anchored in the front part of carrier 2 on pin 21 and is arranged above barrel 12, where it passes through opening 22 in projection 22 of breech casing 2 .
• One end of return spring 42 bears against said projection 22 and the other end against a not shown ring on tie-rod 2 •
• lever of the third order 54 or 22 as illustrated in Figs. 12 up to 14 or 15 up to 17.
• Both embodiments of lever of the third order 21, 22 have their axes of swinging again in carrier 2 of breech block 47. again they have a shape of letter U, but inverted. Both have cylindrical part 12. as one total, from which protrude two spaced webs 26, ⁇ 2 and 22, 22 provided at their free ends toward face wall 2 of breech block 47 always with an arched friction surface 21 created on shorter leg 22 of lever of the third order 5_4, 53. and opposite to it with a bearing surface 22 created on longer leg 22 of lever of the third order 5_4_, 22.
• Lever of the third order 2 according to Figs.
• the second lever of the third order 22 is its cylindrical part 2 provided with a through-hole 22 for pin 21 designed to mount said lever of the third order 22 in carrier £.
• a lever of the third order £ is used, said lever £2 is at its shorter leg 22 provided again with an arched friction surface 21 and opposite to it on longer leg 22 with a bearing surface 22- Said lever of the third order £2 is swingably mounted by means of pin 22 at free end of a single-arm lever £4, which is again swingably mounted on another pin £2 being anchored in carrier ££.
• said carrier is provided with from the rear end and from down opened bed £ into which reaches a pin £2 of single-arm lever £4.
• Carrier ££ is located on breech block £2 as carrier £ according to the first preferred embodiment on breech block 1 by means of similar technical means .
• breech block £ is provided with from the rear end opened vertical through-groove £2 into which reaches rear end of firing pin 28 to get in contact with lever of the third order £2 in the moment of fire.
• Vertical groove £2 is in breech block £2 divided by traction pin 22 designed to get in contact with longer leg 2£ of lever of the third order £ which is for this reason provided with a recess 7_1.
• Carrier ££ is in this case also provided with pin 21 for tie-rod 22 of in Figs 18 and 19 not illustrated return spring 49.
• breech block 1 and its carrier £ are in front dead center due to the action of return spring 22, i this position said breech block 1 is pressed by its face 9. to face of barrel 12 and lever of the third order 12 (Fig. 1) is by its arched friction surface 21, arranged on its shorter leg 22, in contact with sliding surface 22 on side wall of transverse channel-like recess 24 in breech block 1 and by its bearing surface 22 it is in contact with stop surface 22 in breech casing 2 . Said breech block 1 is thus in locked position.
• breech block 1 in breech block 1, so that during the following phase of rearward motion of carrier 2 motion of breech block 1 towards the read dead center begins, during said motion a not shown usual claw on breech block 1 fits behind a not shown sear of a not shown trigger mechanism.
• Transmission ratio between the length of differential leg 22 and longer leg 2£ is selected so that the rate of shift of fired cartridge case 12 out of cartridge chamber 14 when carrier £ begins to move until the moment of unlocking of breech block 1 is such that it reliably avoids leakage of powder gas pressure around external wall of fired cartridge case 12.
• intensive braking of recoiling masses being the sum of masses of particularly breech block 1, carrier £ and lever of the third order 12 takes place .
• Locking mechanism of the second preferred embodiment according to Figs . 7 up to 11 operates practically in the same way as in the design according to Figs. 1 and 2.
• Cocking of the arm is exactly the same and locking of breech block 42 . in its front dead center is also exactly the same, i.e. in this case by a lever of the third order 2J3. comprising two webs 22, 42 embracing rear part of breech block 47.
• said second preferred embodiment is provided with a hammer 22 which can be put in action only after locking of breech block 4 by pulling a not shown trigger via a not shown trigger mechanism. Hammer 22 then hits the rear end of firing pin 28.
• a locking mechanism comprising a lever of the third order £2, swingably mounted on a single-arm lever £4 which in turn is swingably mounted in opened bed £2 in car- rier ££
• cocking of the arm proceeds again exactly in the same way as cocking of preceding locking mechanisms with the only difference that disengagement of lever of the third order £2 out of engagement with sliding surface 22 and with stop surface 22 takes place during a longer time interval than in case of preceding preferred embodiments, because there is stil a displacement of cylindrical part 12 of lever of the third order £2 along a circular path due to a swing of single-arm lever £4 around pin £5 towards breech block 68.
• unlocking of breech block 68 takes place in the same way as unlocking of a locking mechanism according to other preferred embodiments .
• Motion of breech block 68 into its rear dead center proceeds as described in cocking of the arm according to mentioned third preferred embodiment .
• Locking mechanism according to the invention can be used in hand-carried fire-arms both long with a high rate of fire and short, e.g. pistols, but also in artillery weapons of larger calibers such as cannons and howitzers .

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
• Toys (AREA)

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Citations (5)

• 1996
  • 1996-12-18 CZ CZ963736A patent/CZ283180B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1997
  • 1997-06-03 SK SK697-97A patent/SK281187B6/sk unknown
  • 1997-11-17 WO PCT/CZ1997/000040 patent/WO1998027396A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1997-11-17 AU AU47710/97A patent/AU4771097A/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (5)

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