WO1998012476A1 - Dispositif de rechauffement catalytique emettant de la chaleur radiante - Google Patents

Dispositif de rechauffement catalytique emettant de la chaleur radiante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998012476A1
WO1998012476A1 PCT/NL1997/000522 NL9700522W WO9812476A1 WO 1998012476 A1 WO1998012476 A1 WO 1998012476A1 NL 9700522 W NL9700522 W NL 9700522W WO 9812476 A1 WO9812476 A1 WO 9812476A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion
catalytic
temperature
combustion chamber
metal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL1997/000522
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joannes Maria Der Kinderen
Simon Theodorus Van Schaaik
Anthony Van Waveren
Stanislaw Tadeusz Kolaczkowski
Original Assignee
Gastec N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gastec N.V. filed Critical Gastec N.V.
Priority to AU42247/97A priority Critical patent/AU4224797A/en
Publication of WO1998012476A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998012476A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/18—Radiant burners using catalysis for flameless combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F23C13/08—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by the catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber having an elongated tubular form, e.g. for a radiant tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/13002—Catalytic combustion followed by a homogeneous combustion phase or stabilizing a homogeneous combustion phase
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for the catalytic combustion of combustible gases, such as hydrocarbons (natural gas and the like), CO and/or H 2 . More specifically, the invention is directed to a method for the catalytic combustion of combustible gases or gas mixtures under emission of indirect heat (radiant heat) , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon is brought to a temperature of between 700 and 1200°C by partial, catalytic combustion of the hydrocarbon and/or by heat exchange with gases of combustion, whereafter m a last step a homogeneous gas phase combustion takes place. The radiant heat is emitted specifically from this last step.
  • radiant heat indirect heat
  • Indirect heating for instance in ovens, utilizing radiant heaters is a suitable technique if both a high temperature and clean heating are required.
  • gas-fired closed radiant tube heaters are known, for instance from applications m the metal industry, where the gas flame is disposed m a heat-resistant closed tube and the heat is emitted as heat of radiation by the surface of the closed tube.
  • a further advantage is that of a low noise level and a better heat transfer to the radiating surface.
  • the present invention concerns a method for the catalytic combustion of gaseous hydrocarbon, CO or H 2 using an oxygen- containmg gas, wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon is brought to a temperature of between 700 and 1200°C by partial catalytic combustion of the hydrocarbon and/or by heat exchange with combustion gases and is fed to a combustion chamber provided with means for emitting radiant heat, in which combustion chamber, in the presence of a high-temperature catalyst, a homogeneous, at least partly non-catalytic, complete combustion occurs.
  • the desired temperature prior to the homogeneous combustion is obtained by catalytic combustion of the hydrocarbon m one or more catalytic stages. It is also possible, however, that the temperature can already be achieved by heat exchange between the gases to be combusted and the flue gases of the homogeneous combustion. For that matter, from the viewpoint of economy, such a heat exchange will generally take place. Surprisingly, it has been found that in this way an efficient, stable combustion can be obtained, whereby only few undesired compounds are formed.
  • What the invention accordingly consists in is that after an optional preheating of the combustion gas mixture (air, combustible gas) , the combustible gas is partly burned m a catalytic part of the heater in the presence of one or more combustion catalysts, whereby the temperature rises to a value of from about 850°C to 1000°C. After this catalytic section the gas ignites and a complete, homogeneous gas phase combustion occurs .
  • the catalytic section can consist of a single section in which the desired final temperature is achieved. This is an option in the case where the initial temperature of the gas/gas mixture is already m the neighborhood of 700°C. In that case it can suffice to use a single type of catalyst, a high- temperature combustion catalyst. If the initial temperature is lower, it will be necessary to use more than one type of catalyst .
  • combustion catalysts have a rather limited optimum action temperature range, owing to the nature of the support materials used and the structure of the catalytically active material.
  • the so-called low-temperature catalysts have optimum action the range of 300 to 850°C.
  • These are typically supported palladium or platinum/palladium catalysts, with the support being a ceramic material, such as alumina, zirconia, silica, titania and the like.
  • the support has been stabilized against thermal and/or chemical degradation with the aid of lanthanum, silicon and/or yttrium.
  • Catalysts for the range of 500 to 1000°C include noble metal, such as platinum or palladium, on stabilized ceramic supports, rhodium oxide, and/or transition metal oxides, such as of copper, manganese, iron, nickel and/or cobalt, on stabilized ceramic supports.
  • noble metal such as platinum or palladium
  • rhodium oxide such as of copper, manganese, iron, nickel and/or cobalt
  • transition metal oxides such as of copper, manganese, iron, nickel and/or cobalt
  • transition metal alum ates such as Cu(II) alummate, Mn(II) alummate, Mg alummate, but also CuO/Mg alummate
  • the catalytically active material can be provided in the catalytic sections in a conventional manner, it being obviously of importance that on the one hand a sufficient amount of catalyst is present, while on the other the pressure drop across the catalysts is slight and the contact between the gas mixture and the catalyst surface is good.
  • the catalysts be provided on the surface of porous structures such as monoliths, metal or. ceramic foams, metal fiber mats, sintered metal bodies, gauzes or gas mixers .
  • catalytic sections As has been indicated, use can be made of a number of catalytic sections. These sections, viewed in the direction of flow of the gas, are disposed behind each other, while optionally a non-catalytically active material is present between two sections to stabilize the reaction. It is also possible, however, to use combinations of two or more different types of catalysts, more or less homogeneously mixed with each other. Depending on the prevailing temperature, at a certain site in the catalyst bed one type will be stablest, while another type will be stabler in another part of the bed.
  • the combustion chamber Arranged at the exit of the catalyst bed (the catalyst beds) is the combustion chamber in which the homogeneous gas phase combustion occurs.
  • an inert porous material for instance a monolith of a non-catalytically active material, between the last catalyst bed and the combustion chamber. It has been found that such a construction is conducive to the stability of the combustion and prevents flashback of the flame.
  • the combustion chamber comprises at least one wall of a material capable of emitting heat to the surroundings by radiation. This is, for instance, a wall at the end of the chamber or around the chamber.
  • the material thereof should be resistant to the temperature in the combustion chamber. Suitable materials include metals with a good high-temperature resistance and ceramic materials. More specifically, Hastalloy, Inconel 310, Fecralloy, SiC, S ⁇ 3 N « or cordierite is used.
  • a homogeneous gas phase combustion occurs. This combustion can occur by spontaneous ignition of the gas-air mixture, which happens if the temperature of the gas mixture after the last catalyst bed is sufficiently high. It is preferred, however, that in the. combustion chamber a high-temperature combustion catalyst is present, which provides for the ignition and the stabilization. This catalyst can be applied, for instance, to the wall of the chamber, or to a gauze, a short metal monolith, a sintered metal sheet, a metal fiber mat, or a perforate metal sheet, which can be present in the combustion chamber.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simple embodiment of a radiant heater. Air is preheated in electric preheater 1. Upon supply of natural gas, air and natural gas are mixed in gas mixer 2 and the mixture obtained is fed via low-temperature catalyst 3
  • combustion chamber 7 which is provided with an SiC radiant plate.
  • a high-temperature catalyst is provided on a gauze 9, for instance of FeCrAlloy.
  • the flue gases are discharged from the combustion chamber 7 via outlets. It will be clear that within the framework of the invention the combustion chamber consists of an open space, which is not comparable to a monolith, in the channels of which a combustion occurs.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 give test results obtained using the set-up according to Fig. 1.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 show embodiments of the heater according to the invention, where the surface for emitting radiant heat is formed by a closed tube 8, which is arranged around the combustion chamber 7.
  • SER Single Ended Recuperator
  • the heat is primarily generated by a flame in an inner tube.
  • This inner tube radiates the heat to the outer tube, which in turn emits the heat through radiation.
  • the flue gases flowing between the inner and outer tube do not contribute substantially to the emission of radiation.
  • Fig. 4 shows a variant with three catalysts which by partial combustion of the hydrocarbon provide for the desired temperature at the inlet of the high-temperature catalyst. In Fig. 5 this temperature is obtained by heat exchange between the flue gases and the hydrocarbon to be combusted.
  • a higher turbulence of the gas mixture in the catalytic system provides for a better heat and mass transfer. This can be accomplished in different ways:
  • This increased turbulence can be created, for instance, by: Dividing catalysts 3 and 4 into small monolith segments of, for instance, 1-2 cm length and arranging them in series at a mutual distance of, for instance, 0.5 cm.
  • SiC already possesses an emission factor of 0.9 ⁇ 0.05.
  • this air can be heated up to the required initiation temperature of the first catalyst.
  • the efficiency can be increased still further by using a heat exchanger system whereby the incoming mixture is heated to the initiation temperature of the medium- or high- temperature catalyst. As a consequence, the upstream low- temperature catalyst can be omitted.
  • the heater can be started up at a low air factor (1.1 ⁇ n ⁇ 1.6) by an ignition mechanism in the combustion chamber. At the moment when the temperature after the heat exchanger has reached the initiation temperature of catalyst 3 , the required temperatures in the total system can be adjusted and set by controlling the air supply.
  • the monitoring system can consist of thermocouples at the most critical points, such as after the heat exchanger and in the combustion chamber.
  • Preheated air (600 Nl/mm) of 400°C is admixed with natural gas to 3.5% by volume, and after passing a gas mixer the combustion mixture is passed with a linear velocity of 20 m/s through a catalytic system with a cylindrical closed combustion chamber behind it. Before the gas mixture leaves the combustion chamber, a portion of the heat is transferred to an SiC-plate.
  • the catalytic system consists of two catalysts linked in series. To measure the temperature of the catalysts and of the exiting gas mixture, thermocouples are placed in the catalysts and also a thermocouple is placed in the blank monolith 5. The results are shown m Fig. 2. Thirty- five percent of the natural gas is catalytically converted in catalysts 3 and .
  • the temperature of these catalysts rises to 780°C and 860°C, respectively.
  • the temperature of the exiting gas mixture is then 740°C.
  • the exiting gas mixture then comes into contact in the combustion chamber with the catalytically active gauze and is completely converted by both the gauze and the homogeneous gas phase reaction.
  • the temperature of the gauze (catalyst 6) is 1050°C and the temperature in the combustion chamber is on average 950°C.
  • the external temperature of the SiC- plate is 650°C. (See also Fig. 3) .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de combustion catalytique d'un hydrocarbure gazeux, CO ou H2 au moyen d'un gaz contenant de l'oxygène, ce qui consiste à amener l'hydrocarbure gazeux à une température située entre 700 et 1200 °C, soit par combustion catalytique partielle de l'hydrocarbure, soit par échange thermique avec des gaz de combustion et à l'introduire dans une chambre de combustion pourvue de moyens servant à émettre de la chaleur radiante et dans laquelle s'effectue une combustion complète, homogène et au moins partiellement non catalytique en présence d'un catalyseur à température élevée.
PCT/NL1997/000522 1996-09-17 1997-09-16 Dispositif de rechauffement catalytique emettant de la chaleur radiante WO1998012476A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU42247/97A AU4224797A (en) 1996-09-17 1997-09-16 Catalytic radiant heater

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1004051A NL1004051C2 (nl) 1996-09-17 1996-09-17 Katalytische stralingsbrander.
NL1004051 1996-09-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998012476A1 true WO1998012476A1 (fr) 1998-03-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL1997/000522 WO1998012476A1 (fr) 1996-09-17 1997-09-16 Dispositif de rechauffement catalytique emettant de la chaleur radiante

Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU4224797A (fr)
NL (1) NL1004051C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998012476A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2791419A1 (fr) * 1999-03-25 2000-09-29 Sunkiss Aeronautique Equipement d'emission surfacique d'un rayonnement infra-rouge, du type tunnel, comportant des dispositifs de combustion catalytique
CN100445646C (zh) * 2006-05-31 2008-12-24 太原亚乐士新技术有限公司 火焰传输点火装置
CN103394359A (zh) * 2013-07-26 2013-11-20 中国计量学院 一种用于氢催化燃烧的复合催化剂及其制备方法
CN103398378A (zh) * 2013-07-26 2013-11-20 中国计量学院 一种自燃型氢催化燃烧器
US10103309B2 (en) * 2015-01-20 2018-10-16 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Combustion system having improved temperature resistance
KR20180133456A (ko) * 2016-04-14 2018-12-14 달리안 인스티튜트 오브 케미컬 피직스, 차이니즈 아카데미 오브 사이언시즈 오염물 배출이 최소화된 촉매 무화염 연소장치 및 연소방법
CN114110658A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2022-03-01 上海交通大学 氢燃料分级无焰燃烧方法及燃烧装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154568A (en) * 1977-05-24 1979-05-15 Acurex Corporation Catalytic combustion process and apparatus
JPS62252811A (ja) * 1985-11-22 1987-11-04 Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk 液体燃料の燃焼方法および装置
US4730599A (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-15 Gas Research Institute Radiant tube heating system
EP0327177A1 (fr) 1988-02-02 1989-08-09 Gastec N.V. Catalyseur sur support pour l'oxydation non sélective de composés organique, procédé pour l'oxydation non sélective, en particulier de composés organiques
JPH02238206A (ja) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-20 Sakai Chem Ind Co Ltd 接触燃焼方法とその燃焼装置
WO1992009849A1 (fr) * 1990-11-26 1992-06-11 Catalytica, Inc. Procede multi-etage pour la combustion des melanges combustibles
DE4202018C1 (en) * 1992-01-25 1993-04-29 Abb Patent Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim, De Combustion chamber for gas turbine plant - has two catalyst holders consisting of honeycomb segments with flame holder downstream of them.
WO1994020790A1 (fr) * 1993-03-01 1994-09-15 Engelhard Corporation Systeme ameliore de combustion catalytiaue comprenant un corps serarateur
US5569020A (en) * 1994-11-05 1996-10-29 Abb Research Ltd. Method and device for operating a premixing burner
US5593299A (en) * 1991-01-09 1997-01-14 Pfefferle; William C. Catalytic method

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154568A (en) * 1977-05-24 1979-05-15 Acurex Corporation Catalytic combustion process and apparatus
JPS62252811A (ja) * 1985-11-22 1987-11-04 Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk 液体燃料の燃焼方法および装置
US4730599A (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-15 Gas Research Institute Radiant tube heating system
EP0327177A1 (fr) 1988-02-02 1989-08-09 Gastec N.V. Catalyseur sur support pour l'oxydation non sélective de composés organique, procédé pour l'oxydation non sélective, en particulier de composés organiques
JPH02238206A (ja) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-20 Sakai Chem Ind Co Ltd 接触燃焼方法とその燃焼装置
WO1992009849A1 (fr) * 1990-11-26 1992-06-11 Catalytica, Inc. Procede multi-etage pour la combustion des melanges combustibles
US5593299A (en) * 1991-01-09 1997-01-14 Pfefferle; William C. Catalytic method
DE4202018C1 (en) * 1992-01-25 1993-04-29 Abb Patent Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim, De Combustion chamber for gas turbine plant - has two catalyst holders consisting of honeycomb segments with flame holder downstream of them.
WO1994020790A1 (fr) * 1993-03-01 1994-09-15 Engelhard Corporation Systeme ameliore de combustion catalytiaue comprenant un corps serarateur
US5569020A (en) * 1994-11-05 1996-10-29 Abb Research Ltd. Method and device for operating a premixing burner

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 556 (M - 1057) 11 December 1990 (1990-12-11) *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2791419A1 (fr) * 1999-03-25 2000-09-29 Sunkiss Aeronautique Equipement d'emission surfacique d'un rayonnement infra-rouge, du type tunnel, comportant des dispositifs de combustion catalytique
WO2000058678A1 (fr) * 1999-03-25 2000-10-05 Sunkiss Equipement de chauffage par emission surfacique d'un rayonnement infrarouge, du type tunnel
JP2002540378A (ja) * 1999-03-25 2002-11-26 サンキス 赤外線表面輻射によるトンネル型加熱装置
US6494712B1 (en) 1999-03-25 2002-12-17 Sunkiss Tunnel type heating equipment for surface transmission of infrared radiation
JP4698029B2 (ja) * 1999-03-25 2011-06-08 サンキス 赤外線放射の表面放射用装置
CN100445646C (zh) * 2006-05-31 2008-12-24 太原亚乐士新技术有限公司 火焰传输点火装置
CN103394359A (zh) * 2013-07-26 2013-11-20 中国计量学院 一种用于氢催化燃烧的复合催化剂及其制备方法
CN103398378A (zh) * 2013-07-26 2013-11-20 中国计量学院 一种自燃型氢催化燃烧器
US10103309B2 (en) * 2015-01-20 2018-10-16 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Combustion system having improved temperature resistance
KR20180133456A (ko) * 2016-04-14 2018-12-14 달리안 인스티튜트 오브 케미컬 피직스, 차이니즈 아카데미 오브 사이언시즈 오염물 배출이 최소화된 촉매 무화염 연소장치 및 연소방법
JP2019511696A (ja) * 2016-04-14 2019-04-25 中国科学院大▲連▼化学物理研究所Ｄａｌｉａｎ Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ Ｏｆ Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ Ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ Ａｃａｄｅｍｙ Ｏｆ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ 汚染物質の排出が極めて低い触媒式無炎燃焼装置及び燃焼方法
EP3444530A4 (fr) * 2016-04-14 2019-12-11 Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dispositif de combustion sans flamme de catalyse et procédé de combustion produisant une émission de polluants extrêmement faible
KR102232434B1 (ko) * 2016-04-14 2021-03-26 달리안 인스티튜트 오브 케미컬 피직스, 차이니즈 아카데미 오브 사이언시즈 오염물 배출이 최소화된 촉매 무화염 연소장치 및 연소방법
CN114110658A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2022-03-01 上海交通大学 氢燃料分级无焰燃烧方法及燃烧装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL1004051C2 (nl) 1998-03-18
AU4224797A (en) 1998-04-14

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