WO1998012154A1 - Soil additive - Google Patents
Soil additive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998012154A1 WO1998012154A1 PCT/CA1997/000667 CA9700667W WO9812154A1 WO 1998012154 A1 WO1998012154 A1 WO 1998012154A1 CA 9700667 W CA9700667 W CA 9700667W WO 9812154 A1 WO9812154 A1 WO 9812154A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- super absorbent
- additive
- polymer
- absorbent polymer
- growth
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a soil additive comprising a super absorbent polymer particulate and a growth-promoting additive absorbed therein.
- the soil additive is intended for addition to soil in low concentrations to promote growth of plants, especially to assist m facilitating growth of plants in a sustained manner during dry periods.
- the present invention relates to a controlled release fertilizer that is based on slow release of plant nutrients encapsulated in sodium polyacrylate polymer, formed by incorporation of the nutrients into the polymer when it is m a water swollen gel state, after which the product is dried.
- Controlled release fertilizers have been available for some time. Typically they are composed of chemical fertilizer granules with a porous coating which in moist soil allows diffusion of plant nutrients (ions) into the adjacent soil environment.
- An example is the controlled release fertilizer available from Scotts Co. under the trademark "Osmocote" .
- Osmocote By varying the nature and/or thickness of the coating, nutrient availability over a range of time periods can be achieved.
- the moisture environment around the granules m the soil is controlled by the moisture content of the soil, under dry conditions the transfer rate of nutrients to the roots from the fertilizer granules tends to be greatly reduced.
- Technology for increasing the retention of moisture m soils is also known. Both natural products, e.g.
- peat moss and the like, and synthetic water absorbing polymers are used in horticultural/agricultural applications.
- examples of such polymers are those available under the trademarks "Liqua-Gel” and "SuperSorb”.
- Such synthetic water absorbing polymers utilized m agricultural end- uses absorb high volumes of water as soon as they are placed in soils. Adequate moisture supply is critical to roots, especially to plants whose growing medium is subject to long periods of moisture deficiency.
- Various superabsorbent polymer (SAP) gels have been offered commercially to address the problems of inadequate moisture supply to roots.
- So called agricultural SAP chemicals which are acrylamides or acrylamide copolymers, are non-ionic or have a very low anionic character.
- anionic SAP's which are normally sodium polyacrylate, tend to lose their ability to absorb large quantities of water in a cyclic wet/dry environment because of exchange of cations from the surrounding soil, particularly from clay soils.
- sodium polyacrylate tends to condense and form crosslinks that inhibit re-swelling when it is re-wetted. Even when used in situations where a limited number of wet/dry cycles are experienced, sodium polyacrylate inhibits plant growth or in some cases is toxic to plants. This inhibition of plant growth or toxicity is believed to arise because the sodium ions in the sodium polyacrylate network are exchangeable and these ions are adsorbed by clay particles or tend to undergo exchange with cations on the surface of plant roots. The consequence is a condition that is analogous to an alkali soil, which generally tends to adversely affect or inhibit plant growth.
- U.S. 5,405,425 of Pieh et al relates to the addition of a sulphonyl group to acrylamide polymers and copolymers to reduce the deswelling effects of salts present in soil.
- U.S. 4,906,276 and 4,985,062 of Hughes disclose polymerization of acrylic acid using special polymerization procedures with potassium and ammonium ions to provide ion species for plant growth when the product is swollen in moist soil.
- U.S. 4,997,192 of Martinau et al discloses incorporation of a fine grain inorganic powder, clay, during polymerization of a cross- linked water-absorbing polymer or copolymer composed of acrylic acid and acrylamide.
- Canadian 1,309,070 of Cooke describes a polyacrylate useful in dry sandy soils to retain moisture. Nutrients or bacterial strains that increase plant yield can be absorbed by the swollen gel which is then dried and added to the soil.
- the patent is particularly directed to polymerizing an acrylamide monomer, the polymer product obtained being subsequently swollen in an aqueous medium containing additive substances e.g. plant nutrients.
- U.S. 4,559,074 of Clarke relates to use of cross- linked non- ionic polyacrylamide as an additive for a plant growth medium.
- polyacrylamides in horticultural or agricultural end uses tends to be modest, primarily because of cost. Although crop yield improvements have been reported, applications are generally restricted to some horticultural uses. Inclusion of plant nutrients in polyacrylamide applications would be expected to further increase costs.
- the present invention makes use of SAP widely used as absorbents in the hygienic disposables industry.
- SAP widely used as absorbents in the hygienic disposables industry.
- a process exists for recovering such SAP developed by Knowaste Technologies Inc. of ississauga, Ontario and illustrated m PCT application WO 92/07 995 of M.E. Conway et al , published May 14, 1992.
- Such SAP may be used in the preparation of the soil additives described herein.
- Improvements in existing soil additives would be beneficial, especially an increase in water absorption of super absorbent polymers over repeated wet/dry cycles in the soil to effect a gradual release of captured nutrient
- a soil additive formed from a super absorbent polymer and a growth promoting additive has now been found, which is more effective in producing plant growth than the super absorbent polymer and the growth-promoting additive when added separately to the soil.
- an aspect of the present invention provides a soil additive comprising a super absorbent polymer and a growth-promoting additive, said super absorbent polymer being a polyacrylate and being in the form of a particulate and said growth-promoting additive being absorbed into the super absorbent polymer particulate, said super absorbent polymer containing growth-promoting additive having an absorption capacity index in the range of about 4 to 50, where absorption capacity index is defined as: (wt of water saturated gel polymer - polymer dry wt) /polymer dry wt .
- the present invention provides a soil additive comprising a super absorbent polymer and a growth-promoting additive, said super absorbent polymer being a polyacrylate and being in the form of a particulate and said growth-promoting additive being absorbed into the super absorbent polymer particulate, said super absorbent polymer having been treated, when it is in a swollen aqueous gel state, with a composition, a major portion of said composition being inorganic compounds and at least part of said composition being growth-promoting additive, said treatment with said composition effecting shrinkage of the super absorbent polymer such that the absorption capacity index of said super absorbent polymer containing growth-promoting additive is in the range of about 4 to 50, where absorption capacity index is defined as: (wt of water saturated gel polymer - polymer dry wt) /polymer dry wt .
- the growth-promoting additive is urea or a nitrate, especially ammonium nitrate or calcium nitrate.
- the super absorbent polymer is sodium polyacrylate.
- the super absorbent polymer is recycled super absorbent polymer, especially super absorbent polymer separated from a process for recovery of components from personal care products.
- the soil additive is added to soil in an amount of 0.01-0.5 percent by weight.
- the inorganic compound is calcium nitrate
- the growth promoting additive s urea the ratio of urea to super absorbent polymer is 0.5-3:1 by weight and the ACI of the superabsorbent polymer, after urea addition, is in the range of 2-30.
- a method of forming a soil additive comprising a super absorbent polymer and a growth-promoting additive, said super absorbent polymer being a polyacrylate and being in the form of a particulate and said growth- promoting additive being absorbed into the super absorbent polymer particulate, said method comprising the steps of treating super absorbent polymer in a swollen aqueous gel state with a composition, a major portion of said composition being inorganic compounds and at least part of said composition being growth-promoting additive, said treatment with said composition effecting shrinkage of the super absorbent polymer such that the absorption capacity index of said super absorbent polymer containing growth-promoting additive is in the range of about 4 to 50, where absorption capacity index is defined as: (wt of water saturated gel polymer - polymer dry wt) /polymer dry wt, and separating said soil additive.
- Figure 1 is a graphical representation of results obtained in Example III.
- Figure 2 is a graphical representation of results obtained in Example VI.
- the present invention is a granular soil additive, and the related soil treatment, that incorporates slow fertilizer release in a specially formulated hydrogel that undergoes gradual expansion in a wet environment .
- the soil additive is formed from a sodium or potassium polyacrylate super absorbent polymer (SAP) that has been treated in its gel state with growth-promoting additives. The treatment is adjusted to produce a controlled degree of gel deswelling. After it is dried, and during use in soil, the soil additive undergoes slow reswelling in a moist soil and the trapped growth-promoting additive is released slowly over time. Typically during a growing season, soils undergo repeated wet/dry cycles. During each cyclic wetting, there is an additional release of growth-promoting additives into the soil.
- SAP sodium or potassium polyacrylate super absorbent polymer
- the present invention relates to a soil additive comprising a super absorbent polymer and a growthpromotmg additive, and use thereof.
- the growth-promoting additive is absorbed into the super absorbent polymer, and is not merely an admixture of super absorbent polymer and growth-promoting additive.
- Anionic super absorbent polymers are preferred as the SAP used in the preparation of the soil additive of the present invention, especially because their level of swelling m aqueous solutions tends to be dependent upon the cation concentration of the solutions.
- Potassium and sodium polyacrylates are especially preferred and furthermore have the advantage of being available commercially because they are widely used for absorption of body fluids m hygienic disposable products, e.g. baby diapers, sanitary napkins, adult incontinence pro ⁇ ucts and the like.
- Super absorbent polymers that are acrylate polymers are normally cross-linked during the manufacturing process. Any cross-linking referred to herein is m addition to cross- linking that may have occurred in the processes for the manufacture of the polymer.
- the super absorbent polymer may be virgin polymer, but it is particularly intended that the super absorbent polymer would be such polymer that has been recovered from another process, one example of which is recovery from used disposable diapers or other absorbent sanitary paper products, also referred to herein as personal care products, during processes for recycling and recovery of components of such processes for future use.
- dry solid sodium polyacrylate is swollen in water, using ratios of about 1:25 to 1:300 of sodium polyacrylate: water. At ratios below about 1:75, the gel absorbs essentially all of the water, and dry ionic solids or even slightly soluble molecules such as calcium hydroxide or water-soluble organic molecules such as urea may be added directly to the gel. The solids essentially dissolve in the bound water in the gel, which undergoes extensive deswelling.
- the super absorbent polymer after treatment for use in the soil additive of the present invention, preferably has an absorption capacity index (ACI) that is in the range of about 4-50, especially in the range of about 10-45.
- ACI is defined as: (wt of water saturated gel polymer - polymer dry wt) /polymer dry wt . The measurement of ACI is described herein.
- the ACI of an anionic super absorbent polymer such as the polyacrylate polymers, may be decreased by cross- linking of the polymer with cations.
- chemical compounds that may be added to the aqueous solution to effect cross-linking include soluble salts of at least one of an alkaline metal, an alkaline earth metal, aluminum, copper (II), iron (III) and zinc.
- salts examples include calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulphate potassium nitrate, dipotassium phosphate, superphosphate, disodium phosphate, barium chloride, barium nitrate, disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium nitrate, aluminum sulphate, aluminum nitrate, zinc sulphate and zinc nitrate.
- salts of ammonium ions e.g. diammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate and especially ammonium nitrate may be used.
- Calcium hydroxide may also be included to aid in deswelling the SAP.
- the cation used is potassium, calcium or ammonium or a combination of these cations, and the anion is nitrate.
- the amounts of cross-linking agent and growth- promoting additive are adjusted so that the absorption capacity index (ACI) of the super absorbent gel polymer is preferably in the range of about 4-50, as indicated above. This is substantially less than ACI typically characteristic of super absorbent polymers, which is substantially above 100.
- the particulate gel super absorbent polymer that has been treated as described herein is separated from the aqueous solution and subjected to drying procedures, preferably in a heated air stream at about 60°C or lower. In embodiments, drying is allowed to proceed until a hard solid of about 1-10% moisture content is obtained, which is then ground to size for adding to soil.
- the growth-promoting additives that may be used herein include the nitrate and phosphate compounds mentioned herein as cross-linking agents, as such compounds may function as both cross- linking agents to deswell the SAP and as growth-promoting agents.
- Urea is another growth-promoting additive that can be incorporated into the super absorbent gel matrix to produce a delayed release fertilizer. Urea is a water soluble organic compound that is slightly basic. However, it is not cationic, and thus it does not deswell anionic super absorbent polymer gels.
- urea As will be shown in an example, addition of urea to a SAP gel, that was previously treated with an inorganic compound such that the SAP gel had an ACI in the 5 to 50 range, results in absorption of the urea into the SAP gel, dissolving in the bound water within the gel. There is no further deswelling with this treatment, and it is believed that all of the urea is retained within the gel.
- the preferred ionic deswelling agents are compounds that contain ions beneficial to plant growth, e.g. ammonium, potassium, nitrate, phosphate etc. It is preferred that the resulting dry solid have a controlled reswelling characteristic i.e. the first expansion in the presence of water is moderate and subsequent wetting with pure water brings on an increase in swelling over several cycles.
- This behavior may be achieved with divalent ions such as calcium or magnesium.
- calcium salts can be used with ammonium salts.
- Relatively insoluble calcium compounds can be used e.g. calcium hydroxide.
- Water soluble organic compounds may be introduced into the gel network either before or after the deswelling agent is added. In embodiments, sufficient urea is added, for example, to yield a final product with more than 32% nitrogen. In other embodiments, when the sodium polyacrylate :water ratio is in the range of 1:30-50, urea dissolves in the bound water in the gel with little or no deswelling of the gel. A high concentration of urea in the sodium polyacrylate increases its rewet ACI.
- a multi-step process as described above has certain advantages.
- the first treatment using the aforementioned cross-linking agents, reduces the ACI of the swollen gel to a desirable level for its separation from the other recycle products.
- Multivalent, low pH salts are disclosed in the aforementioned PCT application of M.E. Conway et al . that do not create sewage disposal problems.
- basic compounds such as calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate may be used to dewater the gel SAP.
- a growth-promoting additive may be added in a separate step, it is preferred that the treatment and formation of the particulate form of the super absorbent polymer and addition of the growth-promoting additive be carried in one step by utilizing a cross-linking agent that is in itself also a growth-promoting agent. Nonetheless, it is to be understood that for practical reasons it may be necessary to utilize two or more steps to effect deswelling and incorporation of a growth- promoting additive. As an example, use of ammonium nitrate for both deswelling and as growth-promoting additive may require the use of environmentally- unacceptable amounts of ammonium nitrate. If the growth promoting additive has nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, it may be preferable to utilize a three-step process to formulate the soil additive.
- the soil additive of the invention is added to soil, for instance by using techniques typically used for the addition of fertilizers to soil.
- the amount of soil additive added to soil may be varied over a wide range of concentrations. Nonetheless, a concentration of soil additive that is sufficient to effect promotion of growth of plants within the soil but not substantially in excess of such a concentration should be used, for practical reasons.
- typical concentrations may be in the range of 0.05-0.5% based on the dry weight of soil, with a preferred range of 0.1-0.4%, although it should be understood that the concentration to be used will depend on the concentration of the growth-promoting agent used, the soil composition and the type of plants grown.
- the invention discloses a novel way to provide a growth-promoting additive that is released slowly over time into soil as the soil undergoes alternate wet and dry periods.
- these growth-promoting additives are released, they are in an environment of relatively high moisture content which surrounds each gel super absorbent polymer particulate.
- the zone surrounding the super absorbent particulate better retains its moisture and this zone also has a greater concentration of the growth-promoting additive.
- the particulate of this invention undergoes an increase in absorption capacity index when subjected to alternate wet and dry cycles; therefore, additional amounts of growth-promoting additive are released over time to the soil for absorption by plant roots.
- the absorption capacity index (ACI) test used herein was as follows: l.Og of the dried particulate product was placed in 200 ml of water for a period of time. The resultant gel was collected on a fine mesh screen and the weight of the gel was measured, from which the ACI value was calculated. The procedure was repeated, after discarding the water not absorbed in the gel, using a further 200 ml of water and the ACI value was recalculated. This procedure was repeated for 5 or more cycles. This testing cycle was used as a simulation of the moisture behaviour found in soil. For instance, under wet soil conditions, where there is runoff and/or loss to the water table in the soil, the SAP should experience swelling similar to immersion in water.
- Example I Table 1 contains a summary of the composition and properties of a series of formulations of super absorbent polymer compositions.
- the columns showing water ratios list the solid/water ratio for each of the ingredients. A value of zero indicates that the solid was added as a dry salt.
- SLT 2 When two or more salts were added sequentially, with filtration and collection of the gel between addition of the salts, the second salt is shown in the column "SLT 2". When two salts were added without an intermediate filtration of the gel, both salts are listed in "SLT 1" along with their respective weights.
- the first step in the procedure used in the 'Runs of Table 1 above was to dissolve the SAP in water.
- Runs 1-12 and 14-23 large quantities of water (150:1 to 300:1) were used so that there was excess of water i.e. free water, present with the swollen gel.
- Runs 24-34 lower water quantities were used (20:1 to 35:1) .
- the gels obtained were semi -solid i.e. there was not free water present with the gel .
- Run 13 was a run in which granular SAP was added to a higly concentrated calcium nitrate solution, without addition of water.
- the composition had water : calcium nitrate in a ratio of 1:0.6.
- the anion present in the calcium salt also affects rewet characteristics.
- a large hydrated ion reduces crosslinking which results in higher rewet values after the treated SAP has been dried.
- Run 1 used calcium nitrate whereas Run 5 used calcium hydroxide.
- the initial rewet of Run 1 is low, but it increases with repeat cycles.
- Run 5 use of calcium hydroxide resulted in a treated SAP that essentially does not reswell.
- Run 16 a high concentration of calcium nitrate (15 g of calcium nitrate with 10 g SAP) after addition of 40 g of urea, showed an initial rewet with a low ACI (3) , but on subsequent rewet cycles the ACI value increased significantly.
- Ion diffusion out of the gel of Run 16 is lower than the diffusion from the gel of Run 31, which could be expected from its lower ACI value. Also, diffusion of the nitrate ion from the gels is greater than ammonium ion diffusion. Even after 1000 min of stirring, the nitrogen remaining in the gel of Run 31 is estimated at over 90% based on a total nitrogen measurement of the original compound.
- Run 34 The product of Run 34 was used in a plant trial to determine the effect of the superabsorbent polymer product on plants, and especially on the roots of plants.
- the sphagnum moss/vermiculite medium was examined at the end of the trial and a number of swollen SAP gels of >2mm diameter were observed. Most of the gels were penetrated by roots and in some cases the roots also exited i.e. passed right through, the gels.
- the roots were not adverse to the presence of the treated SAP product, and actually sought out the nutrients and water absorbed within the product. It is believed that the roots have the capability of extracting nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate and potassium ions directly from the treated gels of the SAP product.
- compositions of super absorbent polymers and plant growth promoting additives is shown in Table 3. The method of preparation of each composition is given, together with the ACI of the product prior to 5 drying. "Favor ' Sodium polyacrylate polymer, FAM type, from Stockhausen was used as the starting material for all compositions .
- the rate and degree to which these products reswell in water are shown in Figure 1.
- the ACI vs Water Treatment is also shown for the SAP polymer used in preparation of the above compositions, identified as untreated SAP in Figure 1, which is believed to be typical of polyacrylate polymers used in hygienic disposable products. Measurable swelling in water is very rapid, taking place in less than one minute. An unmodified commercial sodium polyacrylate polymer would not be a satisfactory medium for controlled, delayed release of growth promoting substances in soil.
- Sample 5 did not swell or take on gel characteristics after repeated ACI tests. This formulation would not be a suitable candidate for slow release, into soil, of a growth-promoting additive because it is believed that diffusion of trapped ions
- Sample 5 demonstrates that sodium polyacrylate polymer has a high affinity for Ca" ion since it absorbs this ion from dilute solution causing most of the calcium hydroxide, which has a low solubility product, to dissolve.
- the calcium ion concentration in Sample 5 is actually lower in the SAP than it is in Sample 4, yet Sample 4 shows greater reswelling properties in water. Its resistance to reswelling is attributed to steric effects.
- the presence of the larger nitrate anion in the gel vs the hydroxyl anion in Sample 5 is believed to prevent the SAP network from condensing as much during drying and it is more amenable to subsequent swelling in water.
- This test result demonstrates that difficultly-soluble salts can be incorporated into water swollen SAP in appreciable quantities.
- growth-promoting substances with low solubility can be incorporated into the gel structure if they have an ionic character.
- Example V The SAP used in preparation of the samples of Example IV was treated as in Table 3. 70 g Ammonium nitrate in 1.5 liters of water was added to 30 g SAP in 6 liters of water to give a gel ACI of 45 (Run 3 of Table I) . This sample was coded SAP/AN. The composition was tested as a soil additive, and compared with the use of each component separately as a soil additive viz. the use of each of sodium polyacrylate and ammonium nitrate as a soil additive, as well as addition of a mixture of SAP and ammonium nitrate in admixture i.e. in which the ammonium nitrate was merely admixed with the SAP but not absorbed therein.
- Control refers to samples that were watered but which were not treated with SAP and/or AN in any form.
- SAP/AN refers to the modified SAP of Example III i.e. samples of the invention, whereas SAP+AN refers to addition of the SAP and AN in admixture only.
- Table 5 shows the average results from the four testing conditions applied to the five soil treatments over the indicated period of time.
- the marigold plants grown in containers with the treatment of the present invention, SAP/AN showed the greatest growth. This growth was superior to use of the known fertilizer, ammonium nitrate (AN) or to the use of an admixture of SAP and AN.
- the treatment of SAP alone at this concentration, 0.03 weight %, resulted in plant growth that was indistinguishable from the untreated control.
- Leaching indicates that the amount of water added in each cycle was sufficient to cause drainage from the container and salts were leached from the soil, whereas “No Leaching” indicates that the amount of water added was insufficient to cause drainage from the container.
- the plants were compared and rated for overall size, (1 for largest and 20 for smallest) after 6 watering cycles, at which time they were becoming rootbound .
- Step 1 of each experiment 10.0 g of Stockhausen "Favor' Fam type sodium polyacrylate were mixed with 1.5 liters of water. The resulting gel had no free water present. After about 30 minutes, the first nitrogen containing compound was added. After a further one hour, the dewatered SAP gel was filtered from any free water.
- the gel obtained was weighed and the ACI calculated.
- Step 2 the other nitrogen containing compound was added to the gel from Step 1.
- the gel was filtered from any free water present .
- the gel was then weighed and the ACI calculated. Subsequently, the gel was dried at about 770°C.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002304239A CA2304239A1 (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1997-09-15 | Soil additive |
AU41967/97A AU4196797A (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1997-09-15 | Soil additive |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9619415.4 | 1996-09-17 | ||
GBGB9619415.4A GB9619415D0 (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1996-09-17 | Soil additive |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998012154A1 true WO1998012154A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
Family
ID=10800070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA1997/000667 WO1998012154A1 (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1997-09-15 | Soil additive |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU4196797A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2304239A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9619415D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998012154A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009123699A3 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2010-01-07 | Rhodia Inc. | Self-situating stimuli-responsive polymer compositions in soil additives and methods for use |
EP2647613A1 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2013-10-09 | Dieter Wehrhahn | Substrate for use in soils and a method for producing a substrate |
WO2016162783A1 (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-10-13 | Upl Limited | Water absorbent composition |
EP3099650A1 (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2016-12-07 | Liliz | Modified superabsorbent polymer containing a fertilizer |
US9730393B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-15 | Adama Makhteshim Ltd. | Microenvironment for efficient uptake of fertilizers and other agrochemicals in soil |
RU2651290C1 (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2018-04-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет имени И.Т. Трубилина" | Substrate for growing fruit seedlings |
JP2021010303A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-02-04 | 株式会社クラレ | Water-retaining material |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2216512A (en) * | 1988-01-12 | 1989-10-11 | Fernandes Paula Janetta Foster | Plant growth media |
DE3831261A1 (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1990-03-15 | Lentia Gmbh | Process for the preparation of liquid-absorbent acrylic resins |
WO1991011410A1 (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1991-08-08 | Salah Barbary | Products for the cultivation of plants on all types of soil, and processes for their manufacture |
US5209768A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-05-11 | American Colloid Company | Method of improving sod growth |
JPH05339567A (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-21 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Water holding agent for soil |
-
1996
- 1996-09-17 GB GBGB9619415.4A patent/GB9619415D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-09-15 CA CA002304239A patent/CA2304239A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-15 WO PCT/CA1997/000667 patent/WO1998012154A1/en active Application Filing
- 1997-09-15 AU AU41967/97A patent/AU4196797A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2216512A (en) * | 1988-01-12 | 1989-10-11 | Fernandes Paula Janetta Foster | Plant growth media |
DE3831261A1 (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1990-03-15 | Lentia Gmbh | Process for the preparation of liquid-absorbent acrylic resins |
WO1991011410A1 (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1991-08-08 | Salah Barbary | Products for the cultivation of plants on all types of soil, and processes for their manufacture |
US5209768A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-05-11 | American Colloid Company | Method of improving sod growth |
JPH05339567A (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-21 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Water holding agent for soil |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9404, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A14, AN 94-032018, XP002046124 * |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009123699A3 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2010-01-07 | Rhodia Inc. | Self-situating stimuli-responsive polymer compositions in soil additives and methods for use |
EP2265647A2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2010-12-29 | Rhodia Opérations | Self-situating stimuli-responsive polymer compositions in soil additives and methods for use |
US8784681B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2014-07-22 | Rhodia Operations | Self-situating stimuli-responsive polymer compositions in soil additives and methods for use |
EP2265647A4 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2014-11-26 | RHODIA OPéRATIONS | Self-situating stimuli-responsive polymer compositions in soil additives and methods for use |
EP2647613A1 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2013-10-09 | Dieter Wehrhahn | Substrate for use in soils and a method for producing a substrate |
US9730393B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-15 | Adama Makhteshim Ltd. | Microenvironment for efficient uptake of fertilizers and other agrochemicals in soil |
EP3099650A1 (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2016-12-07 | Liliz | Modified superabsorbent polymer containing a fertilizer |
WO2016162783A1 (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-10-13 | Upl Limited | Water absorbent composition |
CN107429162A (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2017-12-01 | Upl有限公司 | Water-absorbent compositions |
AU2016245416B2 (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2020-08-13 | Upl Limited | Water absorbent composition |
CN107429162B (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2021-09-24 | Upl有限公司 | Water-absorbing composition |
CN113717730A (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2021-11-30 | Upl 有限公司 | Water-absorbing composition |
CN113717730B (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2023-09-29 | Upl 有限公司 | Water-absorbing composition |
RU2651290C1 (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2018-04-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет имени И.Т. Трубилина" | Substrate for growing fruit seedlings |
JP2021010303A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-02-04 | 株式会社クラレ | Water-retaining material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9619415D0 (en) | 1996-10-30 |
CA2304239A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
AU4196797A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
BRPI0820184B1 (en) | SOIL IMPROVEMENT AGENT AND USE OF THE SAME. | |
IL186753A (en) | Water-swellable hybrid material with inorganic additives and process for its preparation | |
NZ563738A (en) | Coated plant seeds and a method for coating seeds | |
CA2022899C (en) | Soil conditioners | |
Rajakumar et al. | Hydrogel: Novel soil conditioner and safer delivery vehicle for fertilizers and agrochemicals–A review | |
CN103011973A (en) | Manufacture method of synergic type nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer with slow release and loss control effect | |
AU3402100A (en) | Controlled release pesticide and fertilizer briquettes | |
WO1998012154A1 (en) | Soil additive | |
US4985062A (en) | Method of improving crop yield | |
CN109179964B (en) | Recyclable sludge-water separation material and application thereof | |
JPH0816220B2 (en) | Powdery granular soil conditioner and method for producing the same | |
CN111492742B (en) | Desertification control method of degradable integrated chemical fertilizer soil | |
Lang et al. | Water retention and sustained release of magnesium-based biochar modified hydrogel composite materials | |
CN109906911B (en) | Modified soil applied to football field lawn planting and preparation process thereof | |
CN109853326B (en) | Football court layer structure with natural lawn surface | |
CN103011972A (en) | Manufacture method of synergic type nitrogenous fertilizer with slow release and loss control effect | |
JPH10191777A (en) | Water holding agent for soil or horticulture | |
WO1998049252A1 (en) | Polyacrylate gel for horticultural use | |
FR3016878A1 (en) | MODIFIED SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMER COMPRISING A FERTILIZER | |
JP2005231950A (en) | Fertilizer having function for insolubilizing cadmium compound | |
CN100352845C (en) | Plant polyphenol water-loss reducer and its preparation method | |
CN114231292A (en) | Bentonite-based plateau soil conditioner and application thereof | |
Pietz et al. | Sewage Sludge Application to Calcareous Strip‐Mine Soil: I. Effect on Corn Yields and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg Compositions | |
Sarkar et al. | Hydrogel Formulations for Increasing Input Use Efficiency in Agriculture | |
Skrzypczak et al. | Smart fertilizers—Toward implementation in practice |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH HU IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD GH |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 1998514094 Country of ref document: JP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09254761 Country of ref document: US |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2304239 Country of ref document: CA Kind code of ref document: A Ref document number: 2304239 Country of ref document: CA |