Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/006—Water distributors either inside a treatment tank or directing the water to several treatment tanks; Water treatment plants incorporating these distributors, with or without chemical or biological tanks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
  • C02F1/5281—Installations for water purification using chemical agents

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an apparatus for water treatment and purification comprising a coagulation space, a separation space, and a concentration space in a tank.
• a prevailing part of the water treatment and purification is performed by means of technologies, according to which the water contaminants are first of all converted to the form of a separable suspension, which is further separated through separation processes. Therefore the separation processes are decisive to a great extent for the effectiveness and expenses of the construction and the operation of water treatment and purification plants. It has been known in the field of the water treatment and purification technologies to substitute the separation through sedimentation by separation through filtration in a sludge blanket. This has enabled a transition from classical settling tanks to integrated reactors with sludge blanket, which has become the main source for innovation lately. The process of separation through filtration in a sludge blanket is becoming more and more important in the field of water treatment and purification.
• New standards for construction of said apparatuses follow from the extension of use of the water treatment and purification technology to further forms of contamination and from the increase of requirments relating to the efficiency of conversion of the water contaminants into a suspension.
• a simultaneous decarbonization is required besides the purification, wherein it is necessary to incorporate a large reaction space before separation for said decarbonization.
• the intensification of the surface and underground water purification calls for an apparatus with a sufficiently large space including a source of turbulence for homogenization of the suspension before its separation in a sludge blanket.
• an incorporation of a large concentration space with a respective clearance mechanism is required.
• Another major disadvantage of the known types is the poor volume adaptability of the functional spaces of the reactor according to the specific parameters of the treated water, which results in the necessity to form individual embodiments for various kinds of water as well as for various capacities, which also raises the construction costs.
• Besides said disadvantages resulting from the geometric arrangment of the reactors with sludge blanket there are further disadvantages related to the known types having the concentric arrangment.
• Another disadvantage is represented by the necessity to form an independent construction of the separation space to arrange the same within the reactor.
• Further disadvantage of the concentric construction of the so far used reactors with sludge blanket is the length of the connecting paths between separate functional spaces an d the length of the collecting systems for concentrated sludge withdrawal and suspension removal from the sludge blanket. This is very disadvantageous in case of purification of waste water contaminated by heavy suspension, which tend to cloging the collecting system.
• the first partition wall is flat, reaches above the liquid level in the tank and adjoins the casing of the tank.
• a second partition wall is attached to the distributor, the second partition wall being inclined upwards and partitioning the separation space and the concentration space from each other, wherein the second partition wall is flat and adjoins the casing of the tank, and its upper edge is essentially lower than the upper edge of the first partition wall.
• first side wall and a second side wall are adjoint to the first partition wall and the second partition wall, wherein the side walls have one edge attached to the first partition wall and the other edge to the second partition wall.
• the coagulation space is interconnected with the separation space by means of a transferring channel formed between the first partition wall and a baffle, which is adjoint to the first partition wall, and by means of the distributor.
• the baffle is flat and parallel to the first partition wall, wherein its downwards directing edges adjoin the first partition wall or the casing of the tank, or it is flat and vertical wherein its upper edge is attached to the first partition wall and its side edges are attached to the casing of the tank.
• At least one inlet opening is formed in the distributor at the side near to the coagulation space and at least one outlet opening at the side near to the separation space, wherein the inlet openings of the distributor at the side near to the coagulation space have its total passage area corresponding to one third of the total passage area of the openings in the distributor at the side near to the separation space.
• an agitator is arranged in the coagulation space and a raw water admission mouths into the coagulation space.
• the concentration space has its largest horizontal cross-section in the middle of its height, wherein it tapers upwards and downwards.
• the coagulation space has its largest horizontal cross-section about in the middle of its height wherein it tapers upwards and downwards evenly, and the concentration space is arranged in the middle of the tank and a rake gear is arranged concentrically within said concentration space, wherein the part of the tank bottom adjoining the rake gear is inclined to the middle of the tank and an outlet for concentrated sludge is arranged at the lowest point of the bottom.
• the apparatus according to the invention has numerous advantageous characteristics. First of all, it is the flexibility of the reactor construction. A size adjustment of the functional spaces of the reactor according to the specific requirments resulting from the needs of water treatment and purification processes in a wide range of applications is achieved by a simple alteration of the placement of the flat partition walls in the reactor, and that without the necessity to change the basic uniform configuration of the reactor. This makes the unification of the reactor construction possible, which is the basis for a serial production.
• the adaptability of the apparatus according to the invention makes possible to form a large scale of variants of water treatment and purification as well as a large scale of capacities from small apparatuses to the large city water treatment and purification plants.
• the admission path for the sludge blanket into the separation space which is shorter in comparison with the state of art facilitates makes the proportioning of the respective inlet openings with a sufficiently large minimum dimension possible, keeping the total necessary inlet area, which contributes to a trouble-free function of the apparatus. Also the favorable shape of the concentration space simplifies the admission into said space.
• the flexibility of the constructional solution of the coagulation space which allows to include a long delay period and the application of an intense mixing, facilitates the use of the apparatus according to the invention also for the decarbonization of water having temporary hardness or the clarification with coagulation by hydrolyzing coagulation agents with homogenization of the floccule suspension.
• the character of the flow in the coagulation space and the intense turbulence in said space contributes to the significant intensification of the water treatment process.
• the interconnection system between the spaces for separation and coagulation fully prevents from turbulent swirles transmission from the coagulation space into the separation space by a sludge blanket, which increases the separation efficiency.
• the apparatus according to the invention makes it possible to exchange the location of the coagulation space and the separation space mutually. Therefore, it is possible to place the coagulation spaces at the reactor walls, which broadens the applicability of the apparatus also for the purification of waste water containing heavy mineral suspension.
• the system of interconnection between the functional spaces reducing the path of purified water as well as the concentration of concentrated sludge removal in a point offtake raises the operation reliability by removing the places of possible cloging by the heavy mineral suspension.
• the conical shape of the concentration space which may be provided with a rake gear or a poker makes it possible to combine the function of water treatment and purification and the mechanic-gravitational sludge concentration in one apparatus, which improves the operation economy significantly.
• Fig. 1 shows a front view section of the reactor designed for smaller treatment capacities
• Fig. 2 shows section A-A indicated in Fig. 1
• Fig. 3 ground plan of the reactor shown in Fig. l
• Fig. 4 shows a front view section of the reactor designed for larger treatment capacities
• FIG. 7 shows a front view section of the reactor for purification of waste water heavily loaded by mineral suspension or for treatment of water having high content of contaminants which forms big volumes of sludge during its treatment and purification
• Fig. 8 shows a ground plan of the reactor shown in Fig. 7.
• the basic embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention which may be also called clarifier, is arranged in a cylindrical tank with a casing 4. having a cylindrical form (Figs. 1, 3), i.e. having the ground plan in the form of a circle or in a form only slightly differing from a circle, e.g. in the form of an ellipse, an oval or a polygon.
• the tank is divided into a reaction - coagulation space 1 , a separation space 2 and a concentration space 3..
• the coagulation space 1 is partitioned off from the separation space 2 and the concentration space 3. by at least one first partition wall 5_.
• a distributor * 3_ is incorporated in said first partition wall 5_, said distributor being interconnected with the coagulation space 1 and the separation space 2 .
• the length of the distributor 13 corresponds preferably to about two thirds of the distance between the casing 4- at one side and the casing 4. at the other side (Fig. 3) . It may be also arranged along the whole distance, or possibly its length may be adjusted otherwise to create optimal hydraulic conditions.
• the separation space 2 along with the concentration space 3_ form the separation area for the separation of the sludge from the purified water.
• the first partition wall 5_ is flat, it reaches above the liquid level in the tank (Fig. 1) , and it is adjacent to the casing and to the bottom of the tank, so it extends from one side of the casing 4. to the other side of the same.
• Another not shown embodiment is also possible, wherein the first partition wall 5_ is shifted closer to the casing 4 and adjoins the casing 4. only. Thereby, the inner area of the tank is completely divided into two parts, namely the coagulation space 1 and the separation area.
• a different not shown embodiment is also possible, wherein the first partition wall 5_ is shifted closer to the casing 4 . and adjoins the casing 4. only.
• the first partition wall 5_ may not be quite flat, it may be provided with bendings or it may be quite slightly curved, possibly otherwise adapted to the production conditions or to other parts of the apparatus .
• the separation area is divided by a second partition wall £ into two functional spaces - the upper separation space 2 for the separation of the suspension by filtration through the sludge blanket, the lower concentration space 2 for removal of the superfluous suspension from the sludge blanket and for the concentration of the sludge.
• the second partition wall 2 is preferably flat, it is attached to the distributor 12 and it is arranged in the direction from the distributor obliquely upwards. It is advantageous that the second partition wall £ has its sides adjacent to the casing 4 . of the tank (Fig. 3), wherein its upper edge is considerably lower than the upper edge of the first partition wall 2, e.g. it reaches a little bit above the middle of the height of the separation space 2 (Fig. l) .
• agitator 1Q_ arranged in the coagulation space 1, into which a raw water admission .12 mouths.
• the raw water admission 12. is finished close above the liquid level in the tank, it may be led below the liquid level or into other place of the tank, too, e.g. through the casing 4 closely above the bottom of the tank.
• the essential part of the agitator JLQ is formed by a vertically arranged shaft ⁇ a, at which a system of paddles 10b is provided. Said paddles lOb are fastened to the shaft lOa in several levels (Fig l) evenly spaced from each other.
• the length of the paddles lOb is adapted to the width of the space, within which they are arranged, i.e. the highest paddles 10b are the shortest ones and the lowest paddles 10b are the longest ones. Regarding the hydraulic conditions it is expedient that the paddles 10b are of the same length in several of the lowest levels (Fig. l) .
• the number of the paddles at one level ranges usually from two to eight depending besides other things on the necessary turbulence intensity.
• the shaft 10a of the agitator l£ is placed e.g. with its lower part within a footstep bearing 10c at the bottom of the tank and with its upper part in a not shown frame above the tank.
• stator elements H which are fastened to the casing 4. of the tank (Fig. 3), namely along the whole circumference of the casing 4 . forming the wall of the coagulation space (Fig. 3) .
• Said stator elements have a rectangular or a trapezoidal shape. It is important, that the stator elements JL have edges 11a formed at their both sides, as said edges 11a act as stream baffles during the rotation of the agitator shaft 10a in both the one and the other direction.
• the stator elements 1_1 are arranged in planes, which are always between the respective planes of agitator paddles 10b (Fig. l) .
• the paddles 10b reach between the stator elements H in at least some of the planes .
• the coagulation space l is interconnected with the separation space 2 by means of a transferring channel 2 and the distributor 12.
• the transferring channel is formed between the first partition wall 2 and a baffle £ corresponding to the first partition wall 2-
• the baffle £ is flat, parallel to the first partition wall 2, wherein its lower edge reaches above the bottom and its upper edge below the liquid level in the tank.
• Said baffle £ ranges through an essential part of the tank width, e.g. its width equals the length of the distributor 12 (Fig. 3), wherein its downwards directing edges adjoin the first partition wall £.
• the baffle £ adjoins with its downwards directing edges the casing . of the tank. In that case the width of the baffle exceeds the length of the distributor 12- - l i ⁇
• baffle £ is placed in the coagulation space in front of the distributor .
• the baffle £ is provided with side walls £a., £_> at its downwards inclined margins, said side walls £a, £b_ adjoining the first partition wall £ (Fig. 2) .
• the upper margin and possibly the lower margin, too, of the baffle £ may be provided with .a not shown shoulder, baffle or flap for regulation of the flow entering from above the transferring channel 1_ .
• the distributor 12 is provided with at least one inlet opening 14 at the side near to the coagulation space 1 and with at least one outlet opening 12 at the side near to the separation space 2 .
• the total passage area of the inlet opening 14. in the distributor 12 corresponds to one third of the total passage area of the outlet opening 12 in the distributor 12-
• the inlet opening 14 and the outlet opening 12. are preferably formed as a slot ranging along the whole width of the distributor 12 (Figs. 1 and 3) . They may be also formed by a system of circular or oval holes in the distributor 12. evenly spaced from each other.
• the total passage area of the inlet opening 14 or of the inlet openings l ⁇ is optimal, in case it equals 2,2 % of the area of the sludge blanket level in the separation space 2.
• the shape of the coagulation space 1 and the separation space influence favorably the dimensions of the inlet opening 2 ⁇ and the outlet opening 12-
• the separation space has its maximum width at its most upper part and it tapers downwards .
• the downward tapering of the separation space 2 is showed off by the insertion of a first side wall 2£ and a second side wall 21, which are adjoint to the first partition wall 2 and the second partition wall £ (Fig. 3) .
• Both side walls 20. - 21 have one edge attached to the first partition wall 2 and the other edge to the second partition wall £.
• the first partition wall £ reaches in vertical direction behind the connection area with the side walls down to the bottom of the tank, wherein the second partition wall 8 reaches in the connection area with the side walls 23 , 21 in vertical direction just to the said side walls 23 , 21-
• the inlet opening 14 into the distributor as well as the outlet opening 12 from the distributor is shorter than the biggest width of the separation space 2- If the same hydraulic conditions, especially the area of the inlet opening 14 . and the outlet opening 12 of the distributor, are maintained, the width of the slots forming the inlet opening 14 and the outlet opening 12 may be larger, which reduces the probability of cloging for both of the openings 14 and 15.
• the separation space 2 and the concentration space 2 have their upper parts mutually interconnected. Said interconnection is provided by means of entries 1£ in the second partition wall £ below the liquid level in the tank. There is a concentrating guiding wall 3. adjoint from below to the upper part of the second partition wall £, behind which guiding wall _£ an offtake 1£ for settled water is arranged in the casing 4..
• the concentration space 2 has the geometrical shape of an upwards tapering pyramid, extending to a downwards tapering pyramid. Both pyramids have only two side walls. One of them is flat, referring to the upper pyramid it is formed by the second partition wall £, referring to the lower pyramid it is formed by the lower part of the first partition wall 2-
• the second wall of both pyramids is cylindrical and it is formed by the casing 4. of the tank. As the intersection of a plane and a cylindrical area is elliptic, the joint between the first partition wall 2 and the casing 4. has the shape of an ellipse. So the concentration space 2 has its largest horizontal cross-section about in the middle of its height, wherein it tapers upwards and downwards evenly.
• the lower part of the concentration space 2 is provided with a sludge outlet 12 for concentrated sludge in the wall 4. of the tank, preferably the sludge outlet 17 is provided at the bottom of the concentration space 2, i.e. at the bottom of the tank, in one place, which means it is a point outlet.
• the above mentioned offtake 18 for settled water in the upper part of the concentration space is a point offtake, too.
• the point form of the sludge outlet 12 for the concentrated sludge and of the offtake 1£ for settled water is possible due to the construction of the functional spaces, which means, that the concentration space 2 tapers towards the point outlet 1 as well as towards the point offtake 1£, and so the flow of the withdrawn settled water and of concentrated sludge directs to the point outlet 12 and offtake 1£, respectively.
• a collecting trough 12 for the removal of the purified water is arranged in the upper part of the separation space 2 .
• the raw water is led into the coagulation space 1, into which also an appropriate quantity of coagulation agent, e.g. calcium hydroxide, is added.
• coagulation agent e.g. calcium hydroxide
• the chemical process of decarbonization through coagulation by the calcium hydroxide i.e. the clarification of the taken raw water, needs a sufficient time for reaction and a contact action between the flocculed suspension particles and the newly coming raw water, in which the coagulation means are dosed.
• This is achieved in the apparatus according to the invention due to a considerable share of coagulation space 1 on the total inner space of the tank, due to the time of delay of the water, some tens of minutes, e.g. 30 minutes, and due to the intense mixing by means of the agitator Q. in the coagulation space.
• the shape of the upwards tapering coagulation space in the cylindrical tank forms during the agitation by the agitator l£ a vertical flow, which causes a recirculation of the floccule suspension into the place of entry of the raw water with the dosed coagulation agents.
• the water mixture with the coagulation agents and the precipitated suspension is pushed by the centrifugal force, like in a centrifugal pump, in the direction from the shaft 10a of the agitator 10 towards its outside diameter and further away from the agitator area.
• the mixture flows pushed out in this manner have no other way out than upwards, from the largest part along the first partition wall 2 and along the baffle £, above the area of paddles 10b.
• said ascending flows of mixture are returned back in the area of raw water entry in the apparatus, along with the particles of suspension formed in the coagulation space i, and they go ahead downwards together with the taken raw water essentially along the shaft 10a of the agitator 10, whereby the circulation circuit in the coagulation space 1 is closed.
• a dissipation of kinetic energy of the mixing in coagulation space 1 occurs as a consequence of interaction between the paddles 10b and the stator elements n. Thereby, the circular movement of the mixture in the coagulation space 1 is broken down into small swirles.
• the conditions for contact precipitation necessary for decarbonization of the water, especially the already arisen carbonate particles get into the necessary contact with the entering raw water, and thereby the contact reaction between the materials causing temporary hardness and the carbonate suspension is ensured. This contributes considerably to an acceleration of the reaction and to the completion of the reaction.
• the decarbonated water leaves the purification process in the coagulation space into the separation area already sufficiently stabilized and with minimal reactions fading away in further purification process or in the distribution network at its utilization.
• the floccules in suspension are also well homogenized, which positively affects the separation in the sludge blanket .
• the precipitated water enters the transferring channel 2 and passes therefrom further through the inlet openings 14 into the distributor 1 and from the distributor 12 through the outlet opening 12 into the separation space 2, where the carbonate suspension is separated from the clarified water by filtration in a sludge blanket.
• the intense turbulent flow in the coagulation space 1 is shielded from the laminar flow in the sludge blanket by the baffle £, which forms the transferring channel 1_ .
• the flow is directed in this transferring channel 2 substantially to a streaming in one direction. Any transmission of the flows from the coagulation space 1 is completely prevented by the passage through the distributor 12, namely by the dissipation of energy in the distributor 12, and so optimal conditions for uniform flow in the separation space 2 are provided.
• the carbonate suspension gets from the separation space 2 through the entry 1£ into the concentration space 2 / where the suspension is separated and concentrated due to the gravity effect .
• the settled water is taken away from the concentration space 2 in its upper part through the offtake 18 for settled water and the concentrated sludge of the separated suspension is removed from the lower part through the sludge outlet 12 (Figs. 1,3).
• the purified water, drained away through the collecting trough 12 and the settled water drained away through the offtake 1£ is further treated and used in a usual manner.
• the apparatus according to the example 1 is designed especially for boiler water, possibly for other water, which needs to be clarified and decarbonated. It is not limited to the described water purification combined with decarbonization, but it may be also used for chemical water treatment using hydrolyzing coagulation agents by iron salts or aluminium salts.
• Example 2 Apparatus shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6 is a modification of the basic embodiment of the reactor shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The difference is that there are two separation areas for suspension separation in a mirror arrangement against each other and formed in the tank with the casing 4 by an insertion of two first partition walls 5 (Fig. 4) .
• the separation spaces 2 and the concentration spaces 2 are built identically with the example 1 including all parts which they comprise or which are connected to them. In other words, the separation space 2 and the concentration space 2 are divided into the separated parts, which are symmetrical to each other along the plane going through the axis of the tank.
• the coagulation space 1 is central and so its shape differs from the shape of the coagulation space 1 according to the example 1. It is provided with an agitator 23 - It may be expedient to arrange more agitators 23 in the coagulation space 1. e.g. beside one another.
• the stator elements H of the agitator 1£ are fixed in two sections opposite each other at the casing 4. in the coagulation space 1.
• the raw water admission 12 mouths into the central coagulation space 1.
• the remaining arrangment is identical with the basic embodiment .
• the function of the reactor rather differs from the example 1 in that there are two branches of the circulation circuit formed in the coagulation space 1, two upward flows arise along the first partition wall £ and along the baffle £ of both of the separation spaces 2- Otherwise, the function of the reactor is essentially identical with the function of the basic embodiment. Said embodiment with two separation areas in one tank makes an increase of the capacity of the apparatus possible.
• Example 3 There are two flat first partition walls 105 arranged oppositely in the tank and attached by their upper part to the casing 104 of the tank. They are attached by their lower parts to the distributor 113 nd they separate the coagulation space 101 and the separation space 102 from each other.
• the distributor 113 extends from one side of the casing 104 to the other side of the casing 104 of the tank, this embodiment is not provided with side walls, as it was the case of examples l and 2.
• the separation spaces 102 as well as the coagulation spaces 101 are separated from the central area by the two second partition walls 108.
• the central area represents the concentration space 103 for suspension removal from the sludge blanket and for sludge concentration.
• a guiding wall 109 is attached from below to the upper part of the two second partition walls 108 in the concentration space 103, at least one offtake 118 for settled water being arranged behind said guiding wall 109 closely under the water surface, i.e. essentially in the plane going through the tank axis.
• a part of the tank bottom is inclined towards the center of the tank, so that it forms a conical shape of the bottom of the concentration space 1Q2.
• the basic part of the rake gear 120 is formed by a vertical shaft 120a, at which shaft raking paddles 120b are fastened near to the bottom of the tank.
• the shaft 120a is arranged in a footstep bearing 120c on the bottom of the tank and in the bearing 120d above the liquid level in the tank and it is driven by a not shown mechanism situated above the liquid level of the reactor.
• the shape of the concentration space 103 makes possible its extending by enlarging its conical part according to the needs, it may be put into practice also for water purification accompanied by a production of a high quantity of floccule suspension, which calls for further treatment by mechanic-gravitational sludge concentration.
• the lower part of the conical bottom is provided with an outlet for removal of the concentrated sludge .
• the functional area below the separation space 102 forms a coagulation space 101 (Fig. 7) and is provided with a paddle agitator 110.
• the shaft 110a of the agitator 11Q is preferably arranged horizontally in the casing 104 of the tank.
• the former is preferably provided with only one row of paddles 110b (Fig. 7) , but a different configuration of the paddles 110b is also possible. Due to its configuration, the coagulation space 101 is not provided with any stator, unlike the basic embodiment.
• a raw water admission 112 is formed near to the bottom of the coagulation space 101.
• the coagulation space has its largest cross-section in about the middle of its height, and it is evenly tapering upwards and downwards, as it was the case of the concentration space 2 from the example 2, because it is formed geometrically in the same way as said concentration space 2-
• the coagulation space i£l communicates with the separation space 102 through a transferring channel 107 which is formed by a baffle 106 situated in front of the distributor 112-
• the baffle ip_£ with its embodiment differs from the baffle £ from the previous embodiments.
• the baffle 106 is flat and vertical and it is fastened by its upper part to the first partition wall 105 and it extends along the whole width of the tank, i.e.
• the transferring channel 107 is not of the same cross-section along its whole length, unlike the basic embodiment, and the entry into the transferring channel 107 is from below only.
• the proportion of the total area of the inlet opening 114 and of the total area of the outlet opening 115 is the same as by the basic embodimen .
• the raw water with dosed coagulation agents enters the coagulation spaces 101 through raw water admissions 112 at its bottom and said mixture is thoroughly mixed by the agitator 110.
• the shape of the coagulation space 101 described in detail as the shape of the concentration space 2 according to Figs. 1 and 2, makes the point admission 112 of raw water favorable.
• the water with the suspension from the coagulation spaces 101 enters the separation spaces 102 by means of the distributor 112-
• the baffle 106 and the distributor 113 prevent from turbulence transmission from the coagulation space 101 into the separation space 102.
• the withdrawal of the purified water after the filtration in the sludge blanket is performed by means of collecting troughs 112.
• the level of the sludge blanket in the separation space 102 is kept by the removal of its abundance through the entries 116 into the concentration space 103.
• the removal of the excess suspension is facilitated by the drainage of a part of the purified water from the reactor through the offtake 118 from the top of the concentration space 103.
• the mixture of water and suspension sucked from the surface of the sludge blanket in the separation space 102 into the concentration space 103 is directed by means of the guiding wall 109 into the lower part of the concentration space 103. where the settling occurs .
• the apparatus according to the example 3 (Figs. 7 and 8) represents an apparatus modification designed especially for waste water purification contaminated by heavy mineral suspension or for purification of considerably contaminated water which produces large volumes of sludge at the purification, said sludge needing to be further processed by a mechanic-gravitational concentration.
• the apparatus according to the invention is designed for treatment of surface and underground water for drinking and industrial purposes and for waste water purification.
• One of the possibilities of putting the apparatus according to the invention into practice is the water purification accompanied by decarbonization, but it may be used for chemical water treatment using hydrolyzing coagulation agents of iron and aluminium salts as well.
• the prolonged time of coagulation with a high intensity of mixing ensures the homogenization of fl ⁇ ccules and thereby a more effective separation in the sludge blanket.
• the apparatus is also designed for purification of waste water having a high concentration of heavy mineral suspension and for the water purification accompanied by a production of a major quantity of floccule suspension as well, which needs to be further processed by a mechanic- gravitational concentration.
• the apparatus according to the invention is not limited by the described examples, but it may be used in other cases of water purification by transferring the contaminants into a suspension. This is e.g. the case of an added sorbent, which has to be separated from the purified water by a filtration in a sludge blanket after the reaction.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)

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Citations (4)

• 1996
  • 1996-09-13 CZ CZ962687A patent/CZ268796A3/cs unknown
• 1997
  • 1997-08-27 AU AU38458/97A patent/AU3845897A/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-08-27 WO PCT/CZ1997/000032 patent/WO1998011024A1/en not_active Ceased

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