WO1998007960A1

WO1998007960A1 - Underground augering machine by electrical crushing, excavator, and its excavating method

Info

Publication number: WO1998007960A1
Application number: PCT/JP1997/002889
Authority: WO
Inventors: Takao Ino; Tadayuki Hanamoto; Norio Takahashi; Yutaka Kato
Original assignee: Komatsu Ltd.
Priority date: 1996-08-22
Filing date: 1997-08-20
Publication date: 1998-02-26
Also published as: EP0921270A1; EP0921270A4

Abstract

An underground augering machine by electrical crushing provided with a mechanism which can surely hold a solution around electrodes for electrical crushing, an excavator, and its control method. The underground augering machine is provided with at least one pair of electrodes (1) for electrical crushing provided on the front face of the underground augering machine, a pulse generator (10) which applies a high-voltage pulse between the electrodes (1), a solution (9) filling up the spaces around the electrodes (1), a solution retaining cover (14) which retains the solution around the electrodes (1) between the front face of the machine and the ground and is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the machine, a solution feeding pipe (7) for feeding the solution to the peripheries of the electrodes (1), a pump (6) which supplies the solution to the front face of the machine through the pipe (7), and a storage tank (5) for storing the solution. Cases (19) may be provided around the electrodes (1) for retaining the solution around the electrodes between the front face of the excavator and the ground.

Description

Description Underground excavator by electric crushing, and excavator and its excavation method

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an underground excavator by electro-fracture, an excavator, and a method of excavating the same, which efficiently retains and excavates a solution around an electrode for electro-fracture by pulsed electric energy discharge. Background technology

Conventionally, several methods have been proposed for crushing rock and concrete by discharging electric energy (hereinafter referred to as electro-crushing).

For example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-222704, a hole is formed in a solid insulator such as a rock with a drill or the like, and a viscous electrolytic solution (for example, copper sulfate electrolytic solution) is filled in the hole. A coaxial electrode is inserted into this hole with the battery inserted, and a high-voltage pulse is applied to this electrode. As a result, a plasma discharge is generated at the electrode, and the electrical energy radiated at this time crushes rocks and fragments them. Then, the inside of the confined area around the electrode is filled with the above-mentioned electrolyte, so that the destructive force generated by the plasma discharge is increased. Also, the rise time of the high-voltage pulse is reduced to a predetermined value or less, so that the discharge current easily flows through the solid insulator.

In such electrocrushing, it is important to keep the electrolyte in a confined area around the electrode in order to increase the crushing energy. For this purpose, it is also disclosed that the electrolyte is combined with a gelling agent such as bentonite or gelatin to provide sufficient viscosity so that the electrolyte does not flow out. Therefore, when a vertical hole is excavated and crushed with this hole filled with electrolyte, it is possible to retain this electrolyte by supplementing the amount of liquid that penetrates into the substance to some extent. However, it does not disclose how to hold the electrolyte in the lateral hole, and it is necessary to hold it in the conventional method. Is difficult.

By the way, when applying electro-crushing technology to machines that crush or excavate rock or concrete, crushing and excavation using this horizontal hole is a very important function in order to expand the applicable range. is there. Therefore, there is a strong demand for the development of a technology for efficiently holding a solution such as an electrolytic solution in a lateral hole. Disclosure of the invention

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and has an underground excavator by electro-crushing provided with a mechanism capable of holding a solution such as an electrolytic solution around the electrode for electro-crush securely and efficiently. And an excavator and an excavation method thereof. A first invention of an underground excavator according to the present invention includes at least one pair of electrodes for electric crushing provided on the front surface of the underground excavator, a pulse generator for applying a high-voltage pulse to this electrode, A solution filled around the electrode, a water retention bar provided on an outer peripheral surface of the excavator, for retaining the solution around the electrode between the front surface of the excavator and the ground, and And a pump for supplying the solution to the front of the excavator via the solution supply pipe, and a solution tank for storing the solution and sucking the solution by the pump. Drilling underground by discharging the electrode with a high voltage pulse 0 o

With this configuration, the solution in the storage tank is sucked up by a pump and is sent at a predetermined pressure around the front electrode through the solution feed pipe. This solution is prevented from flowing out by a water retention cover provided on the outer peripheral surface of the underground excavator. Therefore, the solution around the electrode is slightly pressurized and water is retained, and the discharge energy at the electrode is efficiently used for excavation. If a highly viscous solution is used, the leakage of the solution is further reduced, and the water retention effect is increased.

A second invention of an underground excavator includes at least one pair of electrodes for electric crushing provided on a front surface of the underground excavator, a pulse generator for applying a high-voltage pulse to the electrodes, and a periphery of the electrodes. A solution filled in the electrode, and provided around the electrode; A case for holding the solution between the front of the excavator and the ground, a solution feed pipe that feeds this solution around the electrode, and a solution supplied to the front of the excavator via this solution feed pipe A pump and a II storage tank capable of storing the solution and sucking up the solution by the pump are provided, and the electrode is discharged by a high-voltage pulse to excavate underground.

With this configuration, the solution in the storage tank is sucked up by a pump, and is supplied at a predetermined pressure to the periphery of the front electrode via the solution supply pipe. At this time, since the solution around the electrode is kept in water between the ground and the case by a case, it is possible to prevent the solution from flowing out. Therefore, the solution around the electrode is slightly pressurized and water is retained, and the discharge energy at the electrode is efficiently used for excavation. If a highly viscous solution is used, the leakage of the solution will be further reduced and the water retention effect will be increased.

A third invention mainly based on the first or second invention is characterized in that the at least one pair of electrodes is provided at an outer peripheral electrode having a shape similar to a shape of a hole to be dug, and at a central portion of the outer peripheral electrode. And internal electrodes.

In this way, the outer peripheral electrode has a shape similar to the hole to be excavated, and the outer peripheral portion is used as one electrode of the i pair of electrodes, and the other electrode is provided at the center thereof. Therefore, a hole according to the desired shape is excavated by electro-fracture. Therefore, efficient underground excavation becomes possible.

A fourth invention mainly based on the first or second invention is provided with a water retaining material for retaining the solution so as to fill up the periphery of the electrode.

As a result, the solution around the electrodes is absorbed by the water retention material to retain water. Therefore, the discharge energy at the electrode is efficiently used for excavation, and efficient underground excavation becomes possible.

A fifth invention based on the first or second invention is provided with a continuous discharging mechanism for continuously discharging soil and the like crushed and excavated by the electrode.

As a result, the electro-crushed earth and sand is discharged by the continuous discharge mechanism, enabling efficient underground excavation.

In a sixth aspect of the invention, which is mainly based on the second aspect, the case may be configured such that at least One of the pair of electrodes 1 constitutes either the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

Thus, either the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the outer peripheral electrode has a function equivalent to that of the case for retaining the solution. Therefore, the structure is simplified.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an excavator comprising: a traveling lower traveling body; a vehicle body provided on the lower traveling body; and an end of the vehicle body movably provided in up, down, left, right, and front and rear directions. An excavator comprising a working machine arm portion and a working machine provided at a tip end of the working machine arm portion, wherein at least one pair of electrodes for electrocrushing provided on the front surface of the working machine; A pulse generator that applies a high-voltage pulse to 1, a solution filled around the electrode, and a solution around the electrode, which retains water between a front surface of the working machine and an excavation object. A case provided around the electrode, a solution feed pipe for feeding the solution around the electrode, a pump for feeding the solution to the front of the excavator via the solution feed pipe, and a solution. And a storage tank for pumping up this solution. With such a configuration, a high voltage pulse is applied by a pulse generator to an electrode provided in front of the working machine at the tip of the working machine arm. By doing so, electrocrushing becomes possible. At this time, the solution around the electrodes is retained in the case, so that the electrolysis is performed efficiently. In addition, since the working machine arm can be oriented in any three-dimensional direction and the electrode surface of the working machine can be pressed against the object to be excavated, free-form surfaces can be crushed and excavated. An eighth invention mainly based on the seventh invention is such that the electrode of the working machine can be inclined with respect to the vehicle body.

As a result, the front surface (crushing surface) of the electrode can be inclined with respect to the vehicle body, so that it is possible to excavate a free-form surface and to excavate efficiently.

In a ninth invention mainly based on the seventh or eighth invention, the case includes a member that can expand and contract in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.

As a result, the case can be extended and contracted in the longitudinal direction of the electrode, so that even when the excavation depth by the electrode is deep, the close contact ft between the surface of the object to be excavated and the front of the case does not become β. You. Therefore, the water retention of the solution by the case is improved, and efficient excavation becomes possible.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an excavator having an excavating work machine, wherein at least one pair of electrodes for electric crushing provided at a tip of the excavating work machine, and a high voltage pulse is applied to the electrode. A pulse generator to be applied; a solution charged around the electrode; a solution feed pipe for feeding the solution around the electrode; and a drilling pipe via the solution feed pipe. A pump for supplying the solution to the tip of the working machine, and a discharging means for sucking up the soil and sand crushed by the discharge at the electrode together with the solution and discharging the soil to the outside of the excavation hole. The excavation target is excavated by discharging.

With such a configuration, a high voltage pulse is applied by a pulse generator to the electrode provided at the tip of the excavating work machine, so that electric crushing can be performed. The excavated earth and sand is sucked up together with the solution by the soil discharging means and discharged to the outside of the drilling hole. At this time, since the solution around the electrode is retained by the excavated hole and the outer electrode or the case surrounding the electrode, the electrolysis is efficiently performed.

An eleventh invention mainly based on the tenth invention is characterized in that the at least one pair of electrodes is disposed at an outer peripheral electrode having a shape similar to a shape of a drilled hole, and at a central portion of the outer peripheral electrode. It consists of internal electrodes.

As a result, the outer peripheral portion of the excavator has a shape similar to the hole to be excavated, and the outer peripheral portion is at least one of a pair of electrodes, and the other portion is located at the center of the pair. Since the electrodes are provided, a hole of the desired shape is dug by electro-fracture. Therefore, efficient excavation becomes possible.

A first invention of an excavator includes an upper vehicle body provided on a lower traveling body, an excavator for excavating in contact with an object to be excavated, and an excavator mounted on a tip portion. An excavator, comprising: a working machine arm having a base end attached to the upper vehicle body and capable of operating the excavating position of the working machine for excavation by performing at least rotation, bending, and extension / contraction. The working machine has an outer peripheral wall, and when the front end of the outer peripheral wall comes into contact with the object to be excavated, the inside of the excavating object and the outer wall surrounds the excavating object. A crushing head forming a storage chamber for storing the crushed material of the excavation object, at least a pair of electrodes for electrocrushing provided in the storage chamber, a solution filled around the electrode, A solution supply pipe for supplying the solution to the storage chamber; and a pump for supplying the solution to the storage chamber via the solution supply pipe, and the electrode is discharged by a high voltage pulse to excavate the object to be drilled. Excavating.

With this configuration, electric crushing becomes possible by applying a high-voltage pulse to the electrode provided on the crushing head at the tip of the working machine arm. At this time, a storage chamber is formed by bringing the crushing head into contact with the object to be excavated, and the solution around the electrode is kept at a pressure of water, so that the electric fracturing frame is efficiently performed. In addition, since the crushing head can be oriented in any three-dimensional direction to crush the object to be excavated, it is possible to excavate a tunnel having a free curved surface or a free sectional shape.

A thirteenth invention, which is mainly based on the twenty-second invention, is characterized in that at least one storage chamber is disposed in series communication with a lower part of the storage chamber, and sequentially stores the crushed material stored in the storage chamber. And at least one movable partition plate for separating these storage rooms from the storage room or the upper storage room, and for discharging crushed materials provided in the lowermost storage room of these storage rooms. And a movable discharge plate.

As a result, at least one storage room partitioned by a plurality of movable partition plates is provided below the storage room in series communication, and the lowermost storage room is movable among these storage rooms. A discharge plate is provided. Therefore, after the storage room is partitioned by each movable partition plate, the movable discharge plate can be opened to discharge the crushed material in the lowermost storage room. That is, since a predetermined amount of the crushed material can be stored in the storage room and discharged, the amount of the solution that is discharged together with the crushed material is reduced, and the economical excavation work can be performed. At this time, if the crushed material is filled in each storage room and sent to the lower storage room, the amount of the solution to be sent together can be further reduced, so that the running cost can be extremely reduced.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, a screw conveyor type discharge device or a vacuum type discharge device for discharging the crushed material is provided in the storage chamber. Accordingly, the discharge can be continuously performed, and efficient excavation work can be performed. In the fifteenth invention mainly based on the second invention, the inside of the crushing head is connected to the i! A front wall divided into a rear part of the storage chamber, a solution chamber formed by a rear part of the front wall and temporarily storing a solution supplied from the solution supply pipe, and a crushing head to be excavated. A valve that opens or closes a communication hole provided in the front wall by contacting with an object or detaching from an object to be excavated, and sends or stops the supply of the solution stored in this solution chamber to the storage chamber. And

As a result, a solution chamber for temporarily storing the solution is provided in the crushing head, and a valve for supplying or stopping the supply of the solution from the solution chamber to the storage chamber is provided between the solution chamber and the storage chamber. As a result, the required amount of solution can be supplied only at the time of electrocrushing. Therefore, the solution can be saved, and drilling work with low running cost can be performed.

A sixteenth invention of the excavation method according to the present invention is directed to an excavation method using electric crushing, in which a discharge is generated by high-voltage energy at an electrode, and a work machine for excavating an object to be excavated is provided at the tip of a work machine arm. In the method of excavating a machine, the work machine is moved, and a front end portion of a crushing head having an electrode therein is brought into contact with an object to be digged, and an outer peripheral wall and an object to be digged inside the crushing head. After forming a storage chamber surrounded by, the solution is supplied into the storage chamber and filled around the electrode, and then a high-voltage pulse is applied to the electrode to discharge it, thereby crushing the object to be drilled. The crushed material that has been crushed and stored in the storage room is discharged to the outside of the storage room.

With this configuration, the front end of the crushing head is brought into contact with the object to be excavated to form a storage chamber, and the solution is filled around the electrodes in the storage chamber. Become. Therefore, the solution is uniformly filled around the electrode, and crushing is efficiently performed.

The seventeenth invention of the excavation method is characterized in that an electric discharge is generated by high-voltage energy at the electrode, and a work machine for excavating an object to be excavated by the discharge is provided at the tip of the work machine arm. In the method of digging an excavator by crushing, the work machine is moved, and a front end portion of a crushing head having an electrode therein is brought into contact with an object to be digged, and the outer periphery of the crushing head is placed inside the crushing head. Forming a storage room surrounded by walls and objects to be excavated, closing at least one movable partition plate to partition the storage room, forming at least one storage room, and supplying a solution into the storage room. After filling around the electrode, a high voltage pulse is applied to the electrode to discharge it, crushing the object to be drilled, opening the movable partition between the storage room and the next storage room, and opening this storage room. When the storage room is full of crushed material, the movable partition plate is closed, and the crushed material is fed from this storage room to the next storage room. The crushed material is fed to the storage room, and the crushed material is sent to the lowermost storage room provided with the movable discharge plate, To, and open the movable discharge plate discharges the crushed material to the outside.

With this configuration, the solution is filled in the storage chamber with the movable discharge plate and the movable partition plate closed, so that the solution is not excessively supplied, and the amount of the supplied solution may be small. Also, after crushing, the movable partition plate is closed, and the movable discharge plate is opened to discharge the crushed material, so that the amount of solution discharged together with the crushed material is small, so that excavation work with low running cost is possible. Becomes At this time, if the crushed material is filled in each storage room, it is sent to the lower storage room, so that the amount of the solution to be sent together can be further reduced, so that the running cost can be extremely reduced.

An i-th invention of the excavation method is a method of excavating an excavator by electric crushing, wherein a discharge device is generated by high-voltage energy at an electrode, and a work device for excavating an excavation object is provided at the tip of a work device arm by the discharge. In the above, the work machine is moved, and the front end of the crushing head having the electrode therein is brought into contact with the object to be excavated, and the inside of the crushing head is surrounded by the outer peripheral wall and the object to be excavated. After the solution is supplied into the storage chamber and filled around the electrode, a high-voltage pulse is applied to the electrode to discharge it, thereby crushing the object to be excavated. Into the storage room ^{: The} crushed material that has been retained is continuously discharged outside the storage room.

With this configuration, the crushed material that has been crushed and retained in the storage room is continuously discharged to the outside of the storage room, so that efficient excavation work by electric crushing can be performed. The ninth invention of the excavation method is a method of excavating an excavator by electric crushing, wherein a discharge device is generated by high-voltage energy at an electrode, and a work machine for excavating an object to be drilled is provided at the tip of a work machine arm by the discharge. Supplying a solution to a solution chamber provided in a rear portion of the crushing head, moving the work machine, and bringing a front end portion of the crushing head having an electrode therein into contact with an object to be excavated; A storage chamber surrounded by the outer peripheral wall and the object to be excavated is formed inside the crushing head, and the valve is opened to supply the solution in the solution chamber into the storage chamber and fill around the electrode. A high-voltage pulse is applied to the tank to discharge it, crushing the object to be drilled, then closing the valve, and discharging the crushed material stored in the storage chamber to the outside of the storage chamber.

With this configuration, the solution valve is supplied by opening the solution valve during crushing, and the solution valve is closed when discharging the crushed material. Therefore, the amount of the solution discharged together with the crushed material is reduced, and the running cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an underground excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the underground excavator according to the second embodiment at the start of excavation.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the underground excavator according to the second embodiment during excavation.

4A to 4D show examples of the cross-sectional shape of the electrode of the underground excavator according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of a non-circular cross-section excavator of a third embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a semicircular excavation head of the underground excavator of the third embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view thereof.

8A to 8B show detailed views of the shape and mounting structure of the electrode of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a front view of a rectangular excavation head of the underground excavator according to the third embodiment, and FIG. 0 is a perspective view thereof.

Fig. 11-Fig. 11 B show a detailed view of the shape and mounting structure of the electrode of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12-Fig. 13 show perspective views of an example of an excavator according to the fourth embodiment.

Fig. 14 is a detailed view of the electrode mounting structure of Fig. 13, and Fig. 15 is a side sectional view of the electrode. The details are shown below.

FIG. 16 shows details of a side sectional view of another example of the electrode of FIG.

FIGS. 17 to 18 show perspective views of an example of an excavator according to the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 19 shows details of a side sectional view of the working machine of FIG.

FIG. 20 shows a side view of the boring machine of the sixth embodiment.

Fig. 21 is a side view of an example of a free-section excavator according to the seventh embodiment, Fig. 22 is a rear view of the excavator, and Fig. 23 is a detail of a side cross-sectional view showing an excavation state of the excavation head of Fig. 21. is there.

FIG. 24 is a side sectional view showing the discharge state of FIG.

FIG. 25 is a detail of a side sectional view showing an excavated state of the crushing head of the eighth embodiment. FIG. 26 is a side sectional view showing the discharge state of FIG.

FIG. 27 is a side sectional view showing another configuration of the crushing head of the eighth embodiment.

FIG. 28 shows a side sectional view of the crushing head of the ninth embodiment.

FIG. 29 is a side sectional view of the crushing head of the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 30 shows a side sectional view of the crushing head of the eleventh embodiment.

FIG. 31 shows a detailed view of the periphery of the FIG. 30 electrode.

FIG. 32 shows a side sectional view of the crushing head of the 12th embodiment.

FIG. 33 shows a detailed view of the valve chamber of FIG.

FIG. 34 shows a side sectional view of the crushing head of the thirteenth embodiment.

FIG. 35 shows a detailed view around the valve stem of FIG.

FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram of the function and effect of electrolysis by the water retention of the solution according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The first embodiment according to the present invention applies electric crushing to an underground machine.

FIG. 1 shows a side cross-sectional view of the underground excavator 20. The electrode 1 is provided on the front surface of the tip of the underground excavator 20, and includes at least one pair of a stop electrode 2 and a negative electrode 3. The positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 are provided at a predetermined distance from each other. Underground excavation The tip of the machine 20 is rotatable with respect to the main body via a bearing 23.Each electrode 1 is connected to a power cable 11 laid on the main body via a slip ring 16. Have been. Then, a high-voltage pulse is applied from a pulse generator (not shown) by the power cable 11. In addition, the tip of the underground excavator 20

The rocking jack 24 allows rocking, and the digging direction can be set arbitrarily.

A water retention cover 14 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the underground excavator 20 on the main body side, and the water retention bar 14 is attached to the excavation start end surface of the ground (for example, the side surface of a shaft). In addition, a seal member 15 is attached to a contact portion between the water retention bar 14 and the outer peripheral surface of the main body. The water retention bar 14 is provided with a solution supply hole 14a, and the solution 9 is supplied from the pump 6 via the solution supply hole 14a. This solution 9 flows in the direction of arrow A in the figure through the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the body and the tip of the underground excavator and the drilled hole, and fills around the electrode 1 on the front of the tip. It has become. A scraper 25 is provided at the front of the tip, and the solution 9 and the electro-crushed earth and sand are taken into the main body from the scraper 25. Then, the agitated impeller 21 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft shaft that rotates the tip of the underground excavator causes the taken-in solution 9 and the earth and sand to flow in the direction of the arrow B shown in FIG. Through the underground excavator.

According to such a configuration, when the tip of the underground excavator 20 is at an arbitrary rotation angle position, a high-voltage pulse is applied between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 of the electrode 1 to generate a discharge. Rocks and the like are crushed by the discharge energy. Since the tip is rotating sequentially, a circular hole is drilled horizontally. Around the electrode 1 is filled with a solution 9 supplied from a pump 6, and the solution 9 efficiently discharges energy into the rock. At this time, since the solution 9 is prevented from leaking by the water retention cover 14 and the shield member 15, the water is retained between the outer peripheral surface of the underground excavator and the excavated hole. The sediment with the solution 9 is discharged behind the underground excavator. In this way, the lateral hole D is excavated in the ground and goes on. Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

This embodiment shows another example of the underground excavator 2 ϋ. Figures 2 and 3 are side sectional views of the underground excavator 20 mm, showing the state at the start of excavation and the state during excavation, respectively. In the present embodiment, the outer peripheral member at the tip of the underground excavator 20 mm is either the positive electrode 2 or the negative electrode 3 of the electrode 1, and the other pole is disposed at the center of the tip. I have. 2 and 3 show an example in which the negative electrode 3 is used as an outer peripheral member. An insulator 13 is provided between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3, and a power supply cable is provided between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3.

Two

—Pulse generator 10 is connected via cable 11. The insulator 溶液 3 has a solution feed pipe 7 for supplying the solution 9 around the electrode 1 and the excavated earth and sand around the electrode 1 is discharged together with the solution 9 to the rear of the underground machine. A discharge pipe 8 is provided. A pump 6 is connected to the solution feed pipe 7, and this pump 吸い sucks up the solution 9 stored in the storage tank “) and supplies it at a predetermined pressure. Main body of the underground excavator 20 機The outer peripheral member on the side is insulated from the negative electrode 3 by the insulator 12 and the outer member is propelled in the excavation direction by the propulsion jack 22. The outer peripheral portion of the body of the underground machine Is provided with a water retention bar 14 which is attached to the excavation start end face of the ground, and a seal between the water retention bar 14 and the outer peripheral surface of the main body. Member 15 is attached.

FIGS. 4A to 4D show an example of a cross-sectional shape of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 constituting the electrode 1 in the present embodiment. The outer peripheral member at the tip of the underground excavator 20 A is the negative electrode 3, and the positive electrode 2 is disposed at the center of the negative electrode 3. By applying a high-voltage pulse to the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 by the pulse generator 10, the discharge energy at the electrode 1 crushes rocks and the like between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3. Therefore, by forming the outer peripheral shape of the electrode 1 to be similar to the desired cross-sectional shape of the hole to be excavated, the shape of the electro-crushed hole can be used as it is without additional excavation. Therefore, it is efficient because a hole having a desired shape can be easily excavated.

Then, pumping is performed at a predetermined pressure by the pump 6 so that the solution 9 fills the periphery of the electrode 1 on the front surface of the underground machine 20 A. The delivered solution 9 is outside the underground machine 2 OA Water is retained by the water retention bar 14 and its sealing member 15 so as not to flow out of the excavation start end face through the peripheral surface. As a result, since the discharge energy at the electrode 1 is reliably injected into the rock through the solution 9, an efficient crushing force <becomes possible. In addition, a water retention case surrounding the periphery of the electrode 1 may be provided on the front surface of the underground excavator 2 OA to retain the solution 9 around the electrode 1.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

When the electro-fracture technology according to the present invention is applied, it is not necessary to rotate the excavation head when excavating a tunnel, and therefore, it is possible to excavate a tunnel having a non-circular cross section in all sections. This embodiment shows an example of an underground excavator having a non-circular cross section to which electro-fracture is applied.

FIG. 5 shows a side cross-sectional view of a non-circular cross-section excavator 60. The electrode 1 is attached to the front of the excavation head 61 provided at the tip of the non-circular cross section excavator 60, and a pulse generator arranged in the tunnel by cables (not shown) etc. It is connected to 10 so that a high-voltage pulse is applied.

A seal member 15 is provided around the excavation head 61, and the seal member 15 keeps water between the inner surface of the tunnel and the outer surface of the excavation head 61. The solution 9 is pumped by the pump 6 through the solution feed pipe 7 to the excavation head 61, where it is located in the space between the excavation surface of the tunnel ahead of the sealing member 15 and the outer surface of the excavation head 61. It is supplied to fill around the electrode 1.

A propulsion jack 22 is attached to the rear end of the excavation head 6 1 so as to be able to expand and contract. 6 Push 1 forward. The crushed material enters the chamber 62 provided inside the excavation head fi 1 and is then discharged to the rear of the tunnel by the conveyor 33 disposed behind the chamber 62. Is done.

When tunnel excavation work is performed with such a configuration, the tip of the electrode i of the non-circular cross section excavator 60 is brought into contact with the bedrock, and the solution 9 is filled around the electrode. At this time, the solution 9 is held at the front of the excavation head 61 by the sealing member 15. next When a voltage pulse is applied from the pulse generator 10 to the electrode 1, the electrode 1 is discharged, and the rock is electrocrushed. The crushed material enters the chamber 62 and is discharged by the conveyor 33. Thereafter, the excavating head 61 is advanced by the propulsion jack 22. In this way, the excavation can proceed continuously and efficiently.

FIG. 6 is a front view of an excavating head 61A showing an example of a non-circular cross-section excavating head according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the excavating head 61A. The section of the excavation head ΰ1 A perpendicular to the excavation direction has a non-circular shape (here, semicircular), and the front part of this cross section is divided into a plurality of fan-shaped sections 63 A. I have.

FIG. 8A is a detailed perspective view of the fan-shaped section 63A, and FIG. 8B is a sectional view taken along the line EE. A positive electrode 2 is provided at the center of the fan-shaped section 63 A, and a negative electrode 3 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the flat section 63 A. The positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 constitute the electrode 1. ing. The positive electrode 2 is supported in a state insulated from the negative electrode 3 by a support member made of an insulating material such as plastic. Further, since the solution 9 is filled in the space surrounded by the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3, the discharge energy is efficiently injected into the rock.

In this manner, the use of this excavating head 61 A allows the entire cross-section of a tunnel having a semicircular cross section to be excavated, and a tunnel having a desired cross-sectional shape can be excavated in a single excavation. It can be done efficiently.

FIG. 9 is a front view of an excavation head 61 B having a rectangular cross section, which is another example of a non-circular cross section, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the excavation head 61 B. The front of the excavating head 61B is divided into a plurality of rectangular sections 63B.

FIG. 11A is a detailed perspective view of the rectangular section 63B, and FIG. 11B is a sectional view taken along line FF of FIG. A star-shaped positive electrode 2 is provided at the center of the rectangular section 6 3 B, and a negative electrode 3 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the rectangular section 6 3 B. The positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 constitute an electrode i. are doing. The positive electrode 2 is supported in a state of being insulated from the negative electrode 3 by a support member 64 B made of an insulating material such as plastic. The space between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 is filled with the solution 9, so that the discharge energy is efficiently It is thrown into.

In this way, by using this excavation head 61 B, a tunnel having a rectangular cross section can be excavated in all cross sections, and it becomes possible to excavate a tunnel having a desired cross section shape by one excavation. Can be performed efficiently.

Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment shows an example in which electric crushing is applied to an excavator.

FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 are perspective views of an excavator representing the present embodiment. The excavator 30 is provided with a lower traveling body 31 that can travel freely. 1, 5 An upper revolving body 32 is provided at a substantially central portion on the lower traveling body 31 so as to be freely rotatable. A swing member 37 is attached to the front of the upper swing body 32 so as to swing vertically, and the swing member 37 is swinged by a swing drive cylinder 38. A working machine 34 for electric crushing is attached to the tip of the swinging member 37 via a working machine driving cylinder 39, and the working machine driving cylinder 39 activates the electric crushing machine. The working machine 34 can be oriented in any direction in the three-dimensional space. That is, the front surface of the electric crushing work machine 34 can be inclined in an arbitrary three-dimensional direction with respect to the upper rotating body 32. Further, a conveyor 33 is provided from below the electric crushing work machine 34 to the rear of the excavator, and discharges excavated earth and sand.

A plurality of electrodes 1 are provided in a two-dimensionally (planar) array on the electrocrushing work machine 34. Each electrode 1 is composed of a positive electrode 2 and a negative electrode 3. In the present embodiment, the negative electrode 3 is a quadrangular prism, and is formed in a force, a hollow shape, and the positive electrode 2 is provided at the center of the hollow portion of the negative electrode 3. . The excavation surface of each electrode 1 is arranged in the same direction, and the entire excavation surface of the plurality of electrodes 1 constitutes the excavation surface of the electric crusher working machine 34. FIG. 14 shows the mounting structure of the electrode 1 in the electric crushing machine 34. Electrode 1 is attached via a spring 35 to a support member 36 provided on working machine 34 for electrocrushing. Each electrode 1 can move forward or backward in a direction orthogonal to the excavation surface of the electric crushing machine 34. Thus, each electrode 1 can be brought into close contact with the uneven surface of the surface of the object to be excavated. The negative electrode 3 of each electrode has the same function as the case of retaining the solution 9, and the solution 9 supplied to the electrode 1 is retained inside the negative electrode 3 and around the positive electrode 2. .

FIG. 15 shows an example of a side sectional view of the electrode 1. An insulator 13 is provided inside the hollow of the negative electrode 3, and the positive electrode 2 is provided in the hollow center of the negative electrode 3 inside the insulator 13. Further, a pulse generator 10 is connected to the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3. The tips of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 project forward from the front end of the insulator〗 3. A solution feed pipe 7 is provided on the insulator〗 3, and a solution 9 in a storage tank 5 is fed by a pump 6 in the direction C shown in the drawing, and the insulator 1 is passed through the solution feed pipe 7. 3, that is, to the front ends of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3. The supplied solution 9 is retained in a region surrounded by the negative electrode 3, the insulator 13 and the surface of the object to be drilled. At this time, if a predetermined highly viscous solution such as an aqueous solution of Dalisu® water-absorbing polymer is supplied as the solution 9, the water retention area becomes slightly pressurized, and the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 The solution ί) is easily retained around. Further, it is also possible to completely fill the periphery of the electrode 1 in the water retention area with a water retention material 18 such as a sponge, and absorb the solution 9 into the water retention material 18 to retain water. In addition, when the sealing member 17 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the tip portion of the negative electrode 3, the water retention is further improved.

FIG. 16 shows another configuration example of each electrode 1, in which a positive electrode 2 and a negative electrode 3 are housed in a case 19. As shown in the figure, a case 19 for holding the solution 9 is provided outside the electrode 1 for each electrode〗.

By feeding the highly viscous solution 9 with the pump 6 in this way, the solution 9 around the electrode 1 becomes slightly pressurized, and thus has good water retention. Furthermore, the water retention can be improved by filling the water retention material 18 in the water retention area around the electrode 1.

The excavator as shown in the present embodiment can be applied to, for example, building demolition work, crushing of rocks by blasting, and the like. It can also be used as an excavator in the open caisson method. Next, a fifth embodiment will be described based on FIG. 7 to FIG.

FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 are perspective views showing the excavator of the present embodiment. The excavator 40 is provided with a lower traveling body 41 that can travel freely, and an upper revolving body 42 is rotatably provided substantially at the center of the lower traveling body 41. A boom 43 is attached to the front of the upper swing body 42 so as to be vertically swingable, and an arm 44 is attached to the tip of the boom 43 so as to be vertically swingable. Each of the boom 43 and the arm 44 is oscillated by, for example, a driving cylinder. At the tip of the arm 44, a working machine 45 for electrocrushing, which is elongated in the left-right direction toward the front of the excavator 40, is attached. The angle formed between the longitudinal direction of the electric crushing work machine 4) and the arm 44 can be changed by, for example, a working machine driving cylinder.

At the front of the electrocrushing work machine 45, a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the longitudinal direction thereof in a power train. Each electrode 1 is composed of a positive electrode 2 and a negative electrode 3, each of which protrudes slenderly toward the front of the electric crushing machine 45. In the present embodiment, the positive electrodes 2 and the negative electrodes 3 are arranged alternately. Then, the periphery of all the electrodes 1 is surrounded by a sealing member 46 which is naturally expandable and contractible in the longitudinal direction of the electrode j. FIG. 19 shows a side sectional view of the electric crushing work machine 45. The solution 9 supplied around the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 is retained in a region surrounded by the seal member 46 and the surface of the object to be excavated. According to the above configuration, the telescopic working machine 45 has a telescopic sealing member 46 at the front, so that the solution 9 around the electrode 1 is retained between the surface of the drilling object and the solution 9. be able to. At this time, even if the object to be excavated is crushed by the electric discharge at the electrode 1 and the excavation depth is deepened, the sealing member 46 and the surface of the object to be excavated by the elastic function of the seal member 46 described above. Is good. As a result, water retention is improved, and efficient excavation becomes possible.

In addition, since the electrodes 1 of the electric crushing machine 45 are arranged in a row, it is suitable for excavating in an elongated groove shape. By arbitrarily changing the angle formed between the longitudinal direction of the electric crushing work machine 45 and the arm 44, grooving of an arbitrary shape in free space becomes possible. Next, a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

The present embodiment shows an example of application of electrocrushing to a boring machine, and FIG. 20 is a side view showing the present embodiment. The boring machine 50 includes a lower traveling body 51 that can travel freely, and an upper revolving body 52 is provided at a substantially central portion of the lower traveling body 51 so as to freely rotate. A pump 6 for supplying a solution 9 and a pulse generator 10 for generating a high-voltage pulse are provided on the upper rotating body 52. A drum 57 is provided on the upper revolving unit 52, and a solution supply pipe 7 for supplying a solution 9 from a pump 6 and a power cable 11 connected to a pulse generator 10 are provided. A cable 55 leading to the boring machine 5 is made extendable and contractible by a drum 57. A boom 53 is provided at the front end of the upper revolving body 52 so as to be vertically swingable, and a roller 58 is rotatably attached to the boom 53. The cable! 5 is guided from the drum 57 to the boring machine 54 through the mouth 58. Excavated soil and the like are collected by the cable 55 together with the solution 9 on the drum 57 side and discharged from the drum 57, and the discharged soil is conveyed by the boring machine 5 by the conveyor 59. Discharged outside of 0.

The boring machine 54 is provided with electrodes for electrocrushing. This electrode 1 may be composed of a plurality of electrodes as in the above embodiments. Alternatively, the electrode 1 may be composed of a negative electrode 3 forming the outer peripheral portion of the boring machine 54 and a positive electrode 2 provided at the center of the negative electrode 3. A case is provided around the electrode 1, and the solution 9 supplied via the cable 55 is retained by the case around the electrode. When the negative electrode 3 forms the outer periphery of the boring machine 54, the negative electrode has the same function as the above case, and the solution 9 is retained in the negative electrode 3. In this case, the outer peripheral shape of the negative electrode 3 can have a cross-sectional shape similar to a boring hole to be excavated. This eliminates the need to additionally drill a borehole after drilling, thus enabling efficient drilling.

Next, a seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

This embodiment shows an example of application of electric crushing to a free section excavator. FIG. 22 is a side view showing the state, and FIG. 22 is a rear view.

The free-section excavator 70 includes a lower traveling body 71 that can travel freely, and an upper body 72 is disposed above the lower traveling body 71. In the present embodiment, the upper vehicle body 72 is rotatably mounted substantially at the center of the lower traveling body 71, and hence the upper vehicle body 72 is hereinafter referred to as the upper revolving body 72. A first arm 74 is rotatable about a horizontal axis X-X, and is rotatable in a plane including the horizontal axis X-X, on a platform 73 provided at the front end of the upper swing body 72. The second arm 75 is attached to the distal end of the first arm 74 so as to be freely movable in a plane including the same horizontal axis X--X as the first arm 74. Is being worn. A crushing head 76 is rotatably attached to the tip of the second arm 75 in a plane including the same horizontal axis XX as the first arm 7.

The position and posture of the crushing head 76 are determined by rotating the upper revolving unit 72, rotating the first arm 74 around the horizontal axis X--X, or rotating in the plane including the horizontal axis X--X. Then, a predetermined excavation position is set by performing an operation such as rotation of the second arm 75 or the crushing head 7G in a plane including the horizontal axis X-X. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 22, it is possible to excavate an excavation hole or a tunnel having a free sectional shape. The operation mode of the work implement arm for setting the position and posture of the crushing head 76 to a predetermined excavation position is not limited to the above. That is, the position and posture of the crushing head 76 can be similarly controlled by rotating, bending and extending, or expanding and contracting the work machine arm around a predetermined axis. Further, although the upper revolving unit 72 is rotatable with respect to the lower traveling unit 7], the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the work implement arm may be rotatable with respect to the upper revolving unit 72.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing a detailed configuration of the crushing head 76. A sealing member 46 is provided at the front end of the outer peripheral wall of the crushing head 76, and the sealing member 46 is brought into contact with the excavating object Z so that the excavating object Z A storage chamber 77 is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the crushing head 76 and the insulator 13 inside the crushing head 76. The positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 2 of each electrode pair The pole 3 is attached via an insulator i 3, and each of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 is provided on the vehicle body side of the free-section excavator 70 or outside the vehicle body. 10 (not shown) is connected to the high voltage output terminal. Further, a solution feed pipe 7 for supplying a solution 9 from a pump 6 is connected to the storage chamber 77.

Next, an excavation method according to the present embodiment will be described.

(1) As shown in FIG. 23, the sealing member 46 on the front surface of the crushing head 76 is brought into contact with the object Z to be excavated to form a storage chamber 77.

(2) Next, the solution 9 is supplied from the pump 6 via the solution supply pipe 7, and the solution 9 is filled around the electrode 1 in the storage chamber 77.

(3) Next, the electrode 1 is discharged by a high-voltage pulse from the pulse generator 10 to electro-fracture the object Z to be excavated.

(4) After a predetermined amount of crushed material is stored in the storage chamber 77, as shown in FIG. 24, the upper revolving unit 72 rotates, the first arm 74 rotates, or the second By rotating the arm 75 or the crushing head 76, the crushing head 76 is separated from the excavation target Z, and the crushed material is discharged to the outside of the storage room 77.

(5) Excavation is performed by repeating the above operations (1) to (4). Hereinafter, embodiments of various crushing heads will be sequentially described.

First, an eighth embodiment will be described based on FIG. 25 and FIG.

FIG. 25 is a side sectional view showing the configuration of the crushing head 80 of the present embodiment. A seal member 46 is attached to the front end of the outer peripheral wall of the crushing head 80, and by contacting the seal member 46 with the excavation object Z, the excavation object and the The storage chamber 81 is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the crushing head 80 and the bottom plate 80 a of the crushing head 80. On the front surface of the crushing head 80, a plurality of electrode pairs, a positive electrode 2 and a negative electrode 3 are attached via an insulating member 82, and the respective positive electrode 2 and negative electrode 3 are It is connected to the high voltage output terminal of the same pulse generator 10 (not shown) provided on the vehicle body side of the free section excavator 70 or outside the vehicle body. I have. In addition, the insulating member 82 is provided with a hole 83 having a predetermined size to allow the crushed material to pass therethrough. Further, a solution feed pipe 7 is attached to the upper part of the crushing head 80, and a solution 9 can be supplied from a pump (not shown) via the solution feed pipe 7. A storage room 84 is formed below the storage room 81 so as to be able to be separated from the storage room 81 on the upper side, and a discharge port 85 is provided below the storage room 84. Have been. The discharge port 85 is provided with a movable discharge plate 87 opened and closed by a first cylinder 86, and a second cylinder 88 opens and closes between the storage room 81 and the storage room 84. A movable partition plate 89 is provided.

(1) As shown in FIG. 25, the sealing member 46 on the front surface of the crushing head 80 is brought into contact with the object to be excavated Z to form the storage chamber 81.

(2) Next, the first cylinder 86 and the second cylinder 88 are operated to close the movable discharge plate 87 and the movable partition plate 89 to separate the storage room 81 from the storage room 84.

(3) Next, the solution 9 is supplied from the solution feed pipe 7 to the storage chamber 81, and is filled around the electrode 1.

(4) Next, the electrode 1 is discharged by a high-voltage pulse from the pulse generator 10 to crush the excavation target Z.

(5) Next, as shown in FIG. 25, the second cylinder 88 is operated to open the movable partition plate 89, and the crushed material stored in the storage room 81 is moved to the storage room 84.

(6) Further, after a predetermined amount of the crushed material is stored in the storage chamber 84, the movable partition plate 89 is closed by operating the second cylinder 88, as shown in FIG. The movable discharge plate 87 is opened by operating the cylinder 86, and the crushed material is discharged out of the storage room 84.

(7) Excavation is performed by repeating the above operations (1) to (6).

Therefore, since the crushing head 80 can be excavated without leaving the excavation target Z, the work efficiency is improved. Initially, only the storage room 81 supplies the solution 9; therefore, the supply amount of the solution 9 is small, and when discharging crushed materials, only the amount temporarily stored in the storage room 84 is required. And the amount of solution 9 discharged is small. Since it is not necessary, running costs are reduced.

In the present embodiment, one storage room 84 is provided below the storage room 81, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 27, a plurality of storage chambers 84a and 84 are arranged in series below the storage chamber 8], and a second cylinder 88a, A movable partition plate 8 9 a, 89 that can be opened and closed by the opening 8 may also be used. In this case, the crushed material stored in the storage room 81 is sequentially sent to the lower storage rooms 84a and 84, and when the storage room 84a is full, it is sent to the next storage room 84. Sa

Two

It is. In this way, after being sent to the lowermost storage room 84, the movable discharge plate 87 of the lowermost storage room 84 can be opened and discharged to the outside. Thereby, the discharge amount of the solution 9 can be reduced, and the running cost can be extremely reduced.

Next, the crushing head 80 of the ninth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The configuration of this embodiment is the same as that of the eighth embodiment except for the crushed material discharging structure, and therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference characters and description thereof is omitted.

At the lower end of the crushing head 80 A, a screw conveyor type discharging device 90 for discharging crushed materials is provided. The screw conveyor type discharge device 90 includes a discharge pipe 92, and a screw 93 rotating inside the discharge pipe 92 around a rotation axis along the length direction of the discharge pipe 92. It is a screw drive (not shown) that drives the screw 93 to rotate.

Next, an excavation method will be described.

(1) As shown in FIG. 28, the sealing member 46 on the front surface of the crushing head 80A is brought into contact with the object Z to be excavated to form the storage chamber 81.

(2) Next, the solution 9 is supplied from the solution feed pipe 7 to the storage chamber 81, and is filled around the electrode 1.

(3) Next, the electrode 1 is discharged by a high-voltage pulse from the pulse generator 10 to crush the object Z to be excavated.

(4) Next, the screw conveyor type discharging device 90 is operated to discharge the crushed material to the outside of the storage room 81. Therefore, excavation and crushed material discharge work is performed continuously, which is efficient. A separating device (not shown) for separating the crushed material and the solution 9 may be provided at the discharge port of the screw conveyor type discharging device 90, and the solution 9 separated by the separating device may be reused.

Next, the crushing head 80B of the tenth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The configuration of this embodiment is the same as that of the eighth embodiment except for the crushed material discharging structure, and therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference characters and description thereof will be omitted.

At the lower end of the crushing head 80 B, a vacuum discharge device 91 for discharging crushed material is provided. The vacuum discharge device 91 reduces the pressure in the discharge pipe 92 to a pressure lower than the outside air pressure, and discharges the crushed material and the solution 9 flowing into the discharge pipe 92 to the outside of the storage chamber 81. is there.

Next, the excavation method will be described.

(1) As shown in FIG. 29, the sealing member 46 on the front surface of the crushing head 80B is brought into contact with the object Z to be excavated to form the storage chamber 81.

(2) Next, the solution 9 is supplied from the solution feed pipe 7 to the storage chamber 81, and is filled around the electrode i.

(4) Next, the vacuum discharge device 91 is operated by a vacuum device (not shown) to discharge the crushed material to the outside of the storage room 81.

Therefore, excavation and crushed material discharge work is performed continuously, which is efficient. In addition, a separation device (not shown) for separating the crushed material and the solution 9 may be provided at the outlet of the vacuum discharge device 91, and the separated solution 9 may be reused. Next, the crushing head 95 of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

A sealing member 46 is attached to the front end of the outer peripheral wall of the crushing head 95, and the sealing member 46 is brought into contact with the digging object Z, so that the digging object Z and the crushing object can be crushed. Between the outer peripheral wall of the head 95 and the front wall 97 separating the front and rear inside the crushing head 95. A storage room 81 is formed therebetween. In the storage chamber 81, each electrode pair of the plurality of electrodes 1, the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 are provided via a front wall 97 made of an insulator. A solution chamber 96 which is separated from the storage chamber 81 by the front wall 97 is provided at a rear portion inside the crushing head 95.

FIG. 31 is a detailed view of the periphery of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 of each electrode 1. The front wall 97 has a recess 98 formed on the storage chamber 81 side, and the recess 98 has a communication hole 99 for supplying the solution 9 from the solution chamber 96 to the storage chamber 81. I have. In the center of the bottom of the concave portion 98, a through hole 100 is provided that penetrates from the solution chamber 96 to the storage chamber 81. The distal end side of the electrode 1 (the storage chamber 81 side) slidably passes through the through hole 100 through H. The base end of the electrode 1 is the solution chamber ί) 6 The rear wall 10〗 Support hole provided in the electrode] 0 2 A flange 1 13 is provided at the center of the electrode 1 which is inserted into the electrode 2. A spring is provided between the flange 1 () 3 and the rear wall 101. 104 is interposed, constantly biasing electrode 1 in the direction of front wall 97. During the excavation work, the tip of the electrode 1 is always in contact with the object to be excavated owing to this urging force. In addition, a valve 105 is provided on the front of the flange 103, and as shown by a thin two-dot chain line in FIG. 9, so that the supply of the solution 9 from the solution chamber 96 to the storage chamber 81 is stopped.

Next, excavation will be described.

()) Supply the solution 9 from the solution transport pipe 7 to the solution chamber 96.

(2) Next, as shown in FIG. 30, the sealing member 4G of the crushing head 95 is brought into contact with the object to be excavated to form the storage chamber 81. At this time, the electrode 1 is pressed by the excavation target Ζ and overcomes the urging force of the spring 104 and moves rearward, whereby the valve 105 moves away from the front wall 97. At this time, the solution 9 is supplied to the storage chamber 81 through the communication hole 99 as shown by the arrow, and is filled around the electrode 1.

(3) Next, the electrode 1 is discharged with a high voltage pulse from the pulse generator 10 to crush the object to be excavated. (4) Next, the crushing head 95 is moved to separate the seal member 46 from the excavation target Z, and the crushed material at this time is discharged to the outside of the storage room 81. At this time, the electrode 1 moves in the direction of the front wall 97 by the urging force of the spring 104, so that the valve 105 comes into contact with the front wall 97 as shown by a thin two-dot chain line in FIG. The supply of the solution 9 to the storage chamber 81 is stopped.

(5) Excavation is performed by repeating the above operations (1) to (4).

As described above, when the crushing head 95 is separated from the excavation target Z, the supply of the solution 9 to the storage chamber 81 is stopped by the valve 105, so that the solution 9 discharged together with the crushed material is discharged. And the running cost is low.

Next, the crushing head 95A of the 12th embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

A sealing member 46 is attached to the front end of the outer peripheral wall of the crushing head 95A, and by contacting the sealing member 46 with the digging object Z, the digging object and the crushing object are crushed. A storage chamber 81 is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the head 95 mm and the front wall 97 that partitions between the front part and the rear part inside the crushing head 95A. In addition, a solution chamber 96 partitioned by an upper front wall 97 is provided at the rear inside the crushing head 95A. Then, in the storage chamber 81, each electrode pair of the plurality of electrodes 1, the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 are provided via the front wall 97 made of an insulator. The base end of each of the electrodes 1 (the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3) penetrates from the storage chamber 81 to the solution chamber 96, and is slidably supported by the front wall 97. In addition, a step having an end face 114 on the front wall 97 side is provided at the center of each electrode 1, and each electrode 1 is interposed between this end face 114 and the front wall 97. Spring 110 is urged forward (from storage chamber 81 toward object Z to be excavated). Due to this urging force, each electrode 1 is always in contact with the object to be excavated Z during excavation work. Further, a valve chamber 120 is provided substantially at the center of the front wall 97. Further, a discharge port 111 is provided on the lower surface of the storage chamber 81, and a discharge gate 113 opened and closed by a cylinder 112 is provided.

FIG. 33 is a detailed sectional view of the valve chamber 120. The valve chamber 120 has a first communication hole 12 1 communicating with the solution chamber 96, and a second communication hole 1 2 2 communicating with the storage chamber 81. Are provided. In the valve chamber 120, a valve stem 123 with a valve 105 is provided at the tip (the storage chamber 81 side), and the valve chamber 120 is provided at the rear end. Penetrates and engages solenoid 124. The valve stem 1 2 3 is always urged toward the second communication hole I 22 by the spring 1 2 5. When the solenoid 24] is energized, the valve stem 1 2 3 becomes the solenoid 2 4 Side to open and close the second communication hole 122.

Next, the excavation method will be described.

(1) Solution 9 is supplied from solution supply pipe 7 to solution chamber 96.

(2) As shown in FIG. 32, the sealing member 46 of the crushing head 95 Α is brought into contact with the excavated object Z to form the storage chamber 81. At this time, the tip of the electrode 1 is pressed against the excavation object Z, and overcomes the urging force of the panel 110 to move backward by a predetermined amount. Therefore, the electrode 1 is always in contact with the excavation target Z by this urging force.

(3) Operate the solenoid 124 by energizing to move the valve stem 123 to the solenoid 124 side, open the valve 105 and communicate the second communication hole 122. A predetermined amount of the solution 9 in the solution chamber 96 is supplied to the storage chamber 81 via the first communication hole 122 to be charged around the electrode 1.

(4) Turn off the solenoid 124 and close the valve 105 to stop supplying the solution 9 to the storage chamber 81.

(5) Discharge the electrode 1 with a high voltage pulse from the pulse generator 10 to crush the excavation target Z.

(6) After a predetermined amount of the crushed material is stored in the storage chamber 81, the discharge gate 113 is operated by the cylinder 111, and the discharge port 111 is opened to store the crushed material in the storage chamber 81. Discharge to the outside.

(7) Operate the discharge gate 1 1 3 and close the discharge 1 1 1.

(8) Excavation is performed by repeating the above operations (1) to (7).

Therefore, crushing head 9 Γ) Excavation work can be performed without separating A from excavation target Z, which is very efficient. In addition, the supply amount of solution 9 can be adjusted arbitrarily Accordingly, the amount of the solution 9 discharged when the crushed material is discharged to the outside of the storage chamber 8] can be reduced, and the running cost can be reduced.

Next, the crushing head 95B of the thirteenth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

The configuration of this embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments only in the opening / closing mechanism of the valve 105. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

At a substantially central portion of the front wall 97, a concave portion 98 is provided on the storage chamber 8i side, and a communication hole 9 9 for communicating the solution chamber 96 with the storage chamber 81 is formed in the concave portion 98. The valve stem 130 is slidably disposed at the center of the concave portion 98.

FIG. 35 is a detailed sectional view of the periphery of the valve stem 130. At the center of the bottom of the concave portion 98, a through hole 33 extending from the solution chamber 96 to the storage chamber 81 is provided. In this through hole 133, the base end of the valve stem 130 is provided. It penetrates slidably. A flange 134 is provided at the end of the valve stem 130 on the solution chamber 96 side, and the flange 1 opposing the solution chamber 96 surface of the front wall 97 near the concave portion 98.

A valve 105 is provided on the surface 34. In addition, a flange 13 is provided at an intermediate portion of the valve stem 130 which penetrates the storage chamber 8 1 side.

A spring 1 3 1 is provided between 1 3 2 and the bottom of the concave portion 9 8.

By 1 the valve stem 130 is urged toward the storage chamber 81 side. If the tip of the valve stem 130 comes into contact with the object to be excavated Z and overcomes this urging force and is pressed, the valve stem 1310 moves while shortening the panel 131, and the valve 105 opens. Solution chamber

9 6 and the storage room 81 communicate with each other. When the tip of the valve stem 130 moves away from the object Z to be excavated, the valve stem 130 moves to a position shown by a thin two-dot chain line by the urging force of the panel 131, and the valve 105 closes. ing.

Next, the excavation method will be described.

(1) The solution 9 is supplied to the solution chamber 96 from the solution supply pipe 7. At this time, the valve 105 is closed, and the solution 9 is stored in the solution chamber 96.

(2) As shown in Fig. 34, the seal member 46 of the crushing head 95B was To form a storage chamber 81. At this time, the tip of the electrode 1 (the pair of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3) comes into contact with the excavation target Z, and the spring 110 is shortened by a predetermined amount. At the same time, the tip of the valve stem # 30 comes into contact with and is pressed against the excavated object Z, shortening the panel 13i and opening the valve 105. As a result, the solution 9 is supplied from the solution chamber 96 to the storage chamber 81 through the communication hole 99, and is charged around the electrode 1.

(3) Discharge the electrode 1 with a high voltage pulse from the pulse generator 10 to crush the excavation target Z.

(4) After a predetermined amount of the crushed material is stored in the storage room 81, the crushing head 95B is moved backward, the seal member 46 is separated from the excavation target Z, and the crushed material is stored. Discharge to outside of 1. At this time, the valve stem ί30 moves forward as shown by the thin two-dot chain line in FIG.35, and the valve〗 05 closes to stop the supply of the solution 9 to the storage chamber 8〗.

(5) Excavation is performed by repeating the above operations (1) to (4).

Therefore, a small amount of the solution 9 is discharged when the crushed material is discharged, and the running cost can be reduced.

As described above, the present invention ensures that a solution 9 such as an electrolytic solution is filled around an electrode provided at the tip of an underground excavator or an excavation head of an excavator so that water can be retained. . As a result, it is possible to efficiently perform electric crushing by discharging electricity into the crushed material itself such as bedrock or generating a shock wave in the solution by discharging in the solution. .

In other words, efficient crushing by discharging electricity into the crushed material itself, such as rocks, can be achieved by appropriately setting the rise time of the pulse voltage applied to the electrodes. For example, FIG. 36 shows a general relationship between the rise time of the applied pulse voltage and the dielectric strength of each insulator when the pulse voltage is applied. Here, the horizontal axis represents the rise time of the applied pulse voltage (usually indicated by the time required to rise from 10% to 90% of the maximum value of the pulse voltage), and the vertical axis represents the absolute withstand voltage. In addition, the horizontal axis represents the logarithm [3 logarithms with semilogarithm. In the figure, curves I 4 1, 1 4 2, 143 represent the characteristics of water, marble and sandstone, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, when, for example, water is used as the solution, the withstand voltage of rocks such as marble and sandstone is smaller than that of water when the rise time of the pulse voltage is short. Therefore, in this case, the discharge current is more likely to flow in the rock than in the solution (water), so that a hole is drilled in the rock at the start of crushing to increase the crushing efficiency of the rock, or Suitable for crushing stones deeply. In the above, when the rise time of the pulse voltage is long, the withstand voltage of rocks such as marble and sandstone has a higher withstand voltage than water. Therefore, in this case, the discharge current flows more easily in the solution (water) than in the rock, and it is suitable for crushing over a wide area by the shock wave generated in the solution.

Thus, even when the same solution is used, the relationship between the rise time of the applied pulse voltage, the withstand voltage of the component such as rock to be crushed, and the withstand voltage of the solution with respect to this rise time The path of the discharge current can be selected by changing the rise time of the applied pulse voltage. This makes it possible to select whether to discharge in a solution or in rock. As a result, underground excavation or rock excavation can be efficiently performed by electric crushing. Industrial applicability

According to the present invention, it is possible to reliably fill a solution such as an electrolytic solution around an electrode provided in a tip portion of an underground excavator or an excavation head of an excavator to perform electro-crushing capable of efficiently retaining water. Therefore, it is especially useful as an underground excavator for crushing or excavating horizontal holes, and as an excavator and its excavation method.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. In an underground excavator, at least one pair of electrodes for electrocrushing provided on the front of the excavator (1), a pulse generator (10) for applying a high-voltage pulse to the electrodes, and A solution (9) filled around the excavator; a water retention cover (14) provided on the outer peripheral surface of the excavator, for retaining the solution around the electrode between the excavator front surface and the ground; A solution feed pipe (7) for feeding the solution around the electrode, a pump (6) for feeding the solution to the front surface of the machine via the solution feed pipe, An underground excavator comprising: a storage tank (5) for storing and sucking up the solution by the pump; and excavating underground by discharging the electrode with a high-voltage pulse.

2. In the underground excavator, at least one pair of electrodes for electro-crushing a) provided in front of the excavator and a pulse generator G O) for applying a high voltage pulse to this electrode α)

A solution (9) filled around the electrode, a case (19) provided around the electrode, and holding the solution around the electrode between the front surface of the excavator and the ground; A solution feed pipe (7) for feeding the solution around the electrode, a pump (6) for feeding the solution to the front surface of the excavator via the solution feed pipe, and An underground excavator comprising: a storage tank (5) capable of sucking up the solution by the pump; and excavating underground by discharging the electrode with a high-voltage pulse.

3. The underground machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one pair of electrodes (1) has an outer peripheral electrode (3) similar to a shape of a hole to be excavated; An underground excavator comprising: an inner electrode (2) disposed at a central portion.

4. The underground excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a water retention material (18) for retaining the solution (9) is provided so as to completely fill around the front electrode (1).地 Ψ Excavator.

5. The underground excavator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a continuous discharging mechanism (33) for continuously discharging soil and the like crushed and excavated by the front electrode (1). An underground excavator featuring

6. The underground machine according to claim 2, wherein the case (19) forms one of a positive electrode (2) and a negative electrode (3) of at least one pair of the electrodes (1). An underground excavator characterized by the following:

7. A movable lower traveling body, a vehicle body provided on the lower traveling body, a work machine arm provided at an end of the vehicle body so as to be movable up and down, left and right, and back and forth. An excavator comprising a working machine provided at the tip of the

At least one pair of electrodes for electrocrushing provided on the front surface of the working machine, a pulse generator for applying a high-voltage pulse to the electrodes, and a periphery of the electrodes. A solution (9), a case (19) provided around the electrode for retaining water around the electrode between a front surface of the working machine and an object to be excavated, and a solution provided around the electrode. A solution feed pipe (7) for feeding the solution to the excavator via the solution feed pipe, and a pump (6) for feeding the solution to the front surface of the excavator via the solution feed pipe. An excavator, comprising: a storage tank (5) capable of sucking up the solution (9); and excavating an object to be excavated by discharging the electrode with a high-voltage pulse.

8. The excavator according to claim 7, wherein the electrode (1) of the working machine is tiltable with respect to the vehicle body.

9. The excavator according to claim 7, wherein the case (19) includes a member (35) that is extendable and contractible in a longitudinal direction of the electrode (1).

10. In an excavator having an excavator, the excavator (54) is provided at a tip of the excavator (54). At least one pair of electrodes for electrofracturing (1), a pulse generator (10) for applying a high-voltage pulse to the electrodes, and a solution (9) filled around the electrodes. A solution feed pipe (7) for feeding a solution around the electrode, a pump (6) for feeding the solution to the tip of the drilling machine via the solution feed pipe, Earth discharging means (55, 57) for sucking up the crushed earth and sand together with the solution and discharging the earth and sand outside the excavation hole, and discharging the object (1) with the high voltage pulse to the electrode (1). An excavator characterized by excavating.

11. The excavator according to claim 10, wherein the at least one pair of electrodes (1) is disposed at an outer peripheral electrode having a shape similar to a shape of a hole to be excavated, and at a central portion of the outer peripheral electrode. An underground excavator comprising: an inner electrode;

1 2. An upper vehicle body provided on the lower traveling body, a digging work machine for excavating in contact with an object to be excavated, and one end mounted on the upper vehicle body and the other end mounted on the upper vehicle. An excavator (70) comprising: a work machine attached to the work machine for excavation and capable of moving the excavation position of the work machine for excavation at least by performing rotation, bending, extension, and contraction; The excavating work machine has an outer peripheral wall, and when the front end of the outer peripheral wall comes into contact with the object to be excavated, the excavating object is placed inside the surface of the excavating object and the outer peripheral wall. Crushing heads (76, 80, 80A, 80B, 95, 95A, 95B) forming storage chambers (77, 81) for storing the crushed materials of at least one pair of electric crushers provided in this storage chamber Electrode (1), solution (9) charged around this electrode, and supply this solution to this storage chamber A solution supply pipe (7); and a pump (6) for supplying the solution to the storage chamber via the solution supply pipe. The electrode is discharged by a high-voltage pulse to excavate an object to be drilled. An excavator characterized by excavating.

13. The excavator according to claim 12, wherein at least at least one of the excavators is disposed in series with a lower portion of the storage chamber (81), and sequentially stores the crushed material stored in the storage chamber. One storage room (84, 84a), and these storage rooms from or above said storage room (81) At least one movable partition plate (89, 89a) separating from the storage room (84a), and a movable discharge plate for discharging crushed materials provided in the lowermost storage room (84) of these storage rooms. (87) An excavator comprising:

14. The excavator according to claim 12, wherein the storage chamber (81) is provided with a screw conveyor type discharge device (90) or a vacuum type discharge device (91) for discharging the crushed material. Excavator featuring.

15. A front wall (97) that divides the inside of the crushing head (95, 95A, 95B) according to claim 12 into the storage chamber (80 and a rear part of the storage chamber). A solution chamber (96) formed by a rear portion of the wall and temporarily storing a solution (9) supplied from the solution feed pipe (7); and the crushing head is in contact with or to be drilled. A valve that opens or closes the communication holes (99, 121, 122) provided in the front wall by detaching from the object, and feeds or stops feeding the solution stored in the solution chamber to the storage chamber. 105) An excavator comprising:

16. A method of digging an excavator by electro-fracture, in which an electric discharge is generated at the electrode (1) by high-voltage energy, and a work machine for excavating an object to be excavated is provided at the tip of a work machine arm by this discharge.

(1) The work machine is moved, and the front end of a crushing head (76) having the electrode (1) therein is brought into contact with an object to be excavated. And a storage room (77) surrounded by excavated objects,

(2) After supplying the solution (9) into the storage chamber and filling around the electrode,

(3) A high voltage pulse is applied to the electrodes to discharge and crush the object to be drilled,

(4) Next, a digging method characterized by discharging the crushed material crushed and stored in the storage room (77) to the outside of the storage room.

17 7. In the method of digging an excavator by electro-crushing, a discharge is generated at the electrode (1) by high-voltage energy and a work machine for digging an object to be digged is provided at the tip of the work machine arm by the discharge.

()) The working machine is moved to bring the front end of the crushing head (80) having the electrode (υ) into contact with an object to be excavated. Forming a storage room (81) surrounded by the object to be excavated,

(2) Close at least one movable partition (89, 89a) to partition this storage chamber,

Three

At least one storage room (84, 84a) is formed.

(3) After supplying the solution (9) into the storage chamber (81) and filling around the electrode, (4) applying a high voltage pulse to the electrode to discharge and crush the object to be drilled And

(5) Open the movable partition plate (89a) between this storage room and the next storage room (84a) and feed the crushed material to this storage room (84a).

(6) When the storage room (84a) is full of crushed material, close the movable partition plate (89a) and send the crushed material from this storage room to the next storage room.

(7) Thereafter, the crushed material is sequentially sent to the next storage room, and the crushed material is sent to the lowermost storage room (84) equipped with the movable discharge plate (8 7),

(8) Next, a drilling method characterized by opening the movable discharge plate (87) and discharging the crushed material to the outside.

1 8. In the method of excavating an excavator by electro-fracture, a work machine for excavating an object to be excavated is provided at the tip of the work machine arm by generating a discharge due to high voltage energy at the electrode (1).

()) The work machine is moved, and the front end of the crushing head (80) having the electrode therein is brought into contact with an object to be excavated. Forming a storage room (81) surrounded by objects,

(2) After supplying the solution (9) into the storage chamber and filling around the electrode, (3) applying a high voltage pulse to the electrode to discharge and crush the object to be drilled, (4) Next, a digging method characterized in that the crushed material that has been crushed and stored in the storage room (81) is continuously discharged to the outside of the storage room.

1 9. Electrode 0) generates a discharge by high-voltage energy, and the work implement for excavating the object to be excavated is provided at the tip of the work machine arm by this discharge.

(1) The solution (9) is supplied to the solution chamber (96) provided at the rear of the crushing head (95, 95A, 95B).

(2) The work machine is moved, and the front end of the crushing head (95, 95 mm, 95 mm) having the electrode therein is brought into contact with an object to be excavated. Forming a storage room (81) surrounded by walls and excavated objects,

(3) After opening the valve (105) and supplying the solution in the solution chamber (96) into the storage chamber to fill around the electrode,

(4) a high voltage pulse is applied to the electrode to crush the excavation object by discharging,

(5) Next, the valve is closed, and the crushed material crushed and stored in the storage chamber (81) is discharged to the outside of the storage chamber.