WO1998004933A1 - Dispositif et methode d'acquisition et de traitement de donnees sismiques reflexion pour l'exploration d'un milieu a tectonique complexe - Google Patents
Dispositif et methode d'acquisition et de traitement de donnees sismiques reflexion pour l'exploration d'un milieu a tectonique complexe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998004933A1 WO1998004933A1 PCT/FR1997/001280 FR9701280W WO9804933A1 WO 1998004933 A1 WO1998004933 A1 WO 1998004933A1 FR 9701280 W FR9701280 W FR 9701280W WO 9804933 A1 WO9804933 A1 WO 9804933A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- traces
- pmc
- analysis
- receivers
- collection
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/20—Trace signal pre-filtering to select, remove or transform specific events or signal components, i.e. trace-in/trace-out
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for acquiring and processing seismic data for exploring a complex tectonic medium.
- Multiple coverage is a reflection seismic data acquisition technique, in which emission sources and receivers are arranged on the surface of the medium to be explored.
- the records in the form of traces, are grouped so that the same midpoint brings together several records.
- the series of records associated with the same midpoint forms what is commonly known as a collection of traces in common midpoint. To obtain these collections of traces, it is necessary to distribute the emission sources or transmitters and the receivers according to a predetermined geometric organization on the surface of the medium.
- 2D two categories of devices can be defined: 2D or 3D.
- the transmitters and receivers are deployed theoretically in line on the surface of the medium, so as to provide a distribution of the common medium points (PMC) linear, or treated as such, with a single horizontal coordinate for each PMC.
- PMC common medium points
- the transmitters and the receivers are arranged so as to provide a surface distribution of midpoints, or treated as such, with two horizontal coordinates for each PMC.
- FR 2 729 766 of January 23, 1995 which is integrated into the present application for all that relates to the processing of the characteristics or parameters of the medium to be explored, a method of processing seismic data is described which is particularly suitable for the study of environments with complex tectonics and which makes it possible to obtain parameters characterizing at least the field of summation speeds, associated with reflective elements.
- the method described in FR 2 729 766 proposes, in particular, to record four 2D seismics of the serial type, analogous to conventional marine 3D, and oriented in four directions, any two successive directions forming between them an angle substantially equal to 45 °.
- An important advantage of this method lies in the fact that one can carry out a three-dimensional acquisition with 2D acquisitions for media which can only be explored in three dimensions.
- the present invention relates in particular to a method of acquiring and processing seismic reflection data making it possible to obtain a tensorial field of summation speeds and a 3D image block, for example in terrestrial 3D seismic and in complex tectonics.
- the method according to the invention is of the type in which at least one elastic wave transmitter and receivers of the waves reflected on at least one medium reflector are used, the reflected waves being recorded in the form of seismic traces, and it is characterized in that a) a sufficiently large number of seismic traces are generated in a first predetermined direction to have in said first direction a first dense distribution of midpoints (PM) of transmitter-receiver pairs having produced said seismic traces, and for each of the PMs distributed on the first direction, a collection of traces in PMC grouping together all the traces produced by the transmitter-receiver pairs which are substantially aligned with the first direction, the midpoint of each pair being confused with the PMC of the collection traces.
- PM midpoints
- a second dense distribution of PM is also generated in a second direction perpendicular to said first direction and a collection of PMC traces is gathered for each of the PMs distributed in the second direction, grouping together all the traces produced by the transmitter-receiver pairs which are substantially aligned with the second direction, the middle of each pair being confused with the PMC of the collection of traces, so that one obtains series of lines of PMC parallel to the first and second directions which constitute an analysis grid whose intersections are nodes of analysis, the number of seismic traces in each collection of traces in PMC being sufficient to perform an analysis of curvature of indicatrices.
- a third dense distribution of PM is also generated in a third direction and a collection of PMC traces is gathered for each of the PMs distributed in the third direction, grouping together all the traces produced by the emitting pairs.
- -receiver which are substantially aligned with the third direction, the middle of each pair being confused with the PMC of the collection of traces, the number of seismic traces in each collection of traces in PMC being sufficient to carry out an analysis of curvature of indicatrixes .
- a fourth dense distribution of PM is also generated in a fourth direction and a collection of PMC traces is gathered for each of the PMs distributed in the fourth direction, grouping together all the traces produced by the emitting pairs.
- each of the third and fourth directions makes an angle of approximately 45 ° with each of the first and second directions.
- the analysis grid constitutes a support for a device for acquiring reflection seismic data.
- 3D coverage with dense surface distribution is produced simultaneously with the constitution of the analysis grid and in that the PMs distributed in each of said directions are selected from those obtained for 3D coverage.
- the analysis grid is used with 3D coverage previously carried out.
- a value of the curvature of the indicaters in each direction is determined, the values thus obtained being used for the determination of the components of the velocity field at time t 0 associated with said PMC and for a given reflector element of the medium, t 0 being the vertical propagation time with reflection for a zero offset between transmitter and receiver.
- parameters such as: ⁇ , ⁇ , t p m ⁇ n and t p ax characterizing the geometry of said reflector element are determined, ⁇ representing the angle made by the first direction with a reference direction, t-- TM "and t-, 1 TM 1 " designating respectively the values of weakest and strongest dip of said reflective element and ⁇ designating the transit time.
- the meshes of the analysis grid are regular.
- the meshes of the analysis grid are square.
- the analysis meshes are in the form of a parallelogram.
- the device for implementing the method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least two lines of receivers arranged on the analysis grid 51 and at least one transmitter, the receivers being activated according to the type of coverage to be achieved, said transmitter being, on each shot, on or near one of said lines of receivers.
- An advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that a single seismic data acquisition campaign is sufficient to provide speed data according to a 2x2D, 3x2D or 4x2D analysis grid and simultaneously 3D coverage.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a 2x2D analysis grid
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a 3x2D analysis grid
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a 4x2D analysis grid
- - Figure 4 is an example of a 2x2D and lx3D coverage map.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the analysis grid and of the transmission and reception device according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic and partial representation of the device for a type A cover
- FIG. 7 is a schematic and partial representation of the device for a type C cover
- FIG. 8 is a schematic and partial representation for making a combination of the covers A and C.
- a device known as the acquisition of seismic data is placed on the surface of the medium to be explored, said surface possibly being for example the ground or the seabed ( Figures 5 to 7).
- the acquisition device comprises at least one transmitter which emits elastic waves in the medium to be explored and receivers which receive the waves reflected on one or more reflectors.
- the reflected waves are recorded in the form of seismic traces.
- the method according to the invention consists in establishing an analysis grid such that it allows in particular the determination of the tensor velocity field in said medium.
- a sufficiently large number of seismic traces is generated in a first direction 1 of predetermined azimuth or which forms an angle ⁇ with a reference direction.
- the number of seismic traces generated in the first direction 1 must be sufficient to obtain a dense distribution of midpoints (PM) in said first direction 1.
- a midpoint or PM is the midpoint of the distance separating a transmitter from a receiver d 'a given transmitter-receiver pair.
- a collection of traces in common medium points (PMC) is gathered for each of the PM distributed over said first direction 1 and which groups together all the traces produced by the transmitter-receiver pairs which are substantially aligned with the first direction. 1 and which are centered on the PMC, that is to say of which the midpoint (PM) is centered on the common midpoint (PMC) of said collection of traces considered.
- a number of seismic traces is also generated and in the same manner sufficient to have a dense distribution of PM in a second direction 2 which is perpendicular to the first direction 1. It is also constituted for each of the PMs distributed in the second direction 2, a collection of traces in PMC which groups together all the traces produced by the transmitter-receiver pairs which are substantially aligned with the second direction D2 and centered on the PMC of the collection of traces considered.
- One carries out series of lines of PM 1 1 parallel to direction 1 and series of lines of PM 21 parallel to direction 2.
- the two series of lines 1 1 and 21, called lines of analysis constitute a grid of analysis 5 whose meshes 3 are of regular shape, for example in the form of a diamond, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the nodes 4 of the meshes constitute analysis nodes for the velocity field.
- the analysis grid 5 is called the 2x2D analysis grid.
- an analysis grid 6, known as a 3x2D analysis grid is created, derived from the analysis grid 5 by adding a third direction 7 which, from preferably makes an angle of approximately 45 ° with each of directions 1 and 2.
- lines 71 of PM are produced which are parallel to the third direction 7.
- the lines 71 intersect the lines 11 and 21 at points which are already points of intersection of the said lines 11 and 21.
- These triple intersection points 8 are analysis and summation nodes for the grid 6 while the double intersection points 9 (between a line 11 and a line 21 only) are summation nodes only.
- an analysis grid 10 is created for 4x2D, derived from grid 6 by addition of a fourth direction 12 which, preferably, makes an angle of approximately 45 ° with each of directions 1, 2 and 7.
- lines 121 of PM are produced which are parallel to the fourth direction 12.
- the lines 121 are substantially perpendicular to lines 71 and pass through the triple intersection points of the lines 1 1, 21 and 71, which therefore become quadruple intersection points 13.
- the intersection points 13 are analysis and summation nodes for the grid 10, the other non-quadruple intersection points 14 being nodes summons.
- the regular spatial sampling of the surface is adapted to the spatial fluctuations of the velocity field near this surface.
- the density of the PMCs along the analysis lines is chosen to correctly sample the steepest medium reflectors or the diffractions present in the medium, for the analysis of curvature.
- Each PMC of the analysis lines gathers a sufficient number of traces whose azimuth, that of the associated transmitter-receiver pair, is close to that of the direction considered, to carry out an analysis of curvature of the indicators in this azimuth.
- substantially aligned used previously means that this corresponds to the angular tolerance of the analysis for which a deviation of an order of magnitude of about 15 ° from the collinearity of transmitter-receiver pairs and analysis lines can to be used.
- the 2x2D, 3x2D or 4x2D coverage is associated with 3D coverage for the medium concerned.
- 3D coverage can be performed simultaneously with the creation of one of the analysis grids and it has a dense surface distribution. PM distributed along the directions of the grid used are selected from those obtained for 3D coverage. It is also possible to combine 2x2D, 3x2D or 4x2D coverage with 3D seismic coverage previously produced for the medium in question.
- FIG. 4 represents an example of a coverage map for the analysis grid 5 represented in FIG. 1.
- the analysis lines 11 and 21 there are a large number of MPs of the order of 160, compared to the number (32) of MPs that are located on lines that are not analyzed.
- the data have two distinct parts: a) those which are recorded with common midpoints along the lines of analysis; and b) those recorded with common midpoints outside of these lines of analysis.
- the two measured values of t p for the same t 0 are the two extreme values t p 1 TM 11 and y TM.
- the angle ⁇ represents the orientation of the major axis of the summing umbrella relative to a reference axis. If we define an angle ⁇ relative to the major axis of the summation umbrella, the value of t p ( ⁇ ) is given by the formula:
- the measured t p are linearly integrated in the direction of the recording lines. It will take four integrations to crisscross the terrain. Any midpoint located outside the diagonal lines will be provided with four p inte ⁇ olated bi-linearly from the inte ⁇ olated values along the diagonals of each respective square.
- the parameters ⁇ , ⁇ , t p TM - '"and t p max describing the shape of the local stack umbrella are then calculated.
- the first solution is to resort to a third direction of oblique acquisition, at approximately 45 ° from one of the two preceding ones (passage to 3x2D) to obtain an independent measurement and to estimate the parameter ⁇ .
- a basic 2x2D + l x3D device is used for data acquisition which, combined with other acquisition devices, makes it possible to obtain complete l x3D + 4x2D and 2x3D + 4x2D covers as well as under-covers.
- the l x3D + 4x2D coverage can be obtained by combining the l x3D + 2x2D coverage with the 2x2D coverage or the l x3D + lx2D coverage with the 3x2D coverage or even the lx3D coverage with the 4x2D coverage.
- a device which is particularly advantageous for implementing the method according to the invention is of the type described below.
- FIG. 5 On the surface to be covered (FIG. 5) or more precisely on which it is desired to carry out the covers indicated above and which is represented by a so-called analysis grid 51 like that of FIG. 1, there is an emission set and a set of reception which constitute the device itself.
- the reception assembly is constituted by a swath 52 which comprises receivers situated along the lines of the analysis grid and which comprises a certain number of regular square or diamond-shaped meshes 53.
- the swath 52 is moved after each emission or series of emissions, as explained below to cover said analysis grid 51.
- each strand 54 On each side of a mesh 53 of the swath 52 is disposed an elementary strand 54 which is in fact a chain of receivers 55, for example four in number, distributed evenly and spaced apart by a distance e which is called intertrace.
- the length 1 of each strand is less than the L side of the mesh of the analysis grid 51 and it is equal to Le with e / 2 at each end, so that four consecutive strands arranged in a cross and belonging to four adjacent meshes of the swath are spaced from each other in the two pe ⁇ endicular directions, by a distance equal to e.
- the strands are arranged in the perpendicular directions so that a vacuum 56 is created at the intersection of said directions and of square shape on the side e-f ⁇ 12 and that no receiver is located at the tops of the meshes of the analysis grid 51.
- the ends of each elementary strand 54 are spaced from the ends of the side of the mesh of the analysis grid on which it is arranged.
- the number of strands or the succession of strands of each receiver line depends essentially on the size of the swath that you wish to move on the analysis grid.
- the emission assembly can take several forms depending on the nature of the emitting source and the number of sources used for each shot.
- the firing is carried out between two receivers 55 and substantially in the middle of the distance separating two consecutive receivers 55. In this case, there will be a transmission at the center 56 ′ of the vacuum 56 created between the strands.
- the receivers 55 are only activated, a simple 2D coverage is obtained.
- the receivers 55 and 55 ′ of two pe ⁇ endicular strands are activated, 3D coverage and 2x2D coverage are obtained.
- the receivers 55 and 55 'of three zigzag strands are activated (arrows D2), then one obtains a coverage l x3D + 3x2D.
- the emission being carried out at the center 56 'of the voids 56, we obtain what is called here a type A cover.
- cover A and C can also be combined by firing successively at the base of the receptors of each elementary strand 54 and in the middle of the distance separating two consecutive receivers 55 or 55 ′ from each elementary strand, as well as at the crossings 56 ′ of the directions of said elementary strands.
- a node 80 for analyzing this combination is represented in FIG. 8, in which the black dots 81 represent the mid-points, the crosses 82 represent the transmitters and the squares 83 represent the receivers, the node 80 corresponds to the quadruple node of the figure 3. The combination can be carried out respecting the geometrical conditions indicated on figure 8.
- the interest of the method is to allow for example, by the treatment, to apply a correction of curvature of indicator (known starting from the study of the field of speed 4x2D in the general case) allowing 'addition in phase of all azimuths and all offsets, even if this correction varies depending on the azimuth.
- each strand is provided with a transmitter 90 which is connected, by a wireless link, for example radio, to the recording laboratory, responsible for receiving for each shot, the data of a certain strands, to organize them in the form of windrows and to record them on a magnetic support, for example, for treatment according to the method of the invention.
- a wireless link for example radio
- the transmission will be carried out each time in a position longitudinally perpendicular to each receiver or on either side of each receiver (FIG. 7),
- the device described above can also be used in the technique of bottom cable and called OBS (Ocean Bottom Survey).
- OBS Ocean Bottom Survey
- receivers of the geophone type with one or three components and / or hydrophones at the bottom of the sea, for example by unwinding heavy seismic cables from cable boats. These receivers are linked to a recording laboratory. The emission is done for example from the surface with a source boat equipped with air cannons.
- a first network of cables is unwound in a direction, for example towards the North, to define the first direction of the mesh on the swath,
- a reception geometry is therefore obtained which is suitable for a device of type A or C,
- the transmission can then be done for example first on a series of lines navigated directly above each of the North lines, then on another series of transmissions below the West lines, in either direction, by setting the emission positions between two reception points (type A) or above these points (type VS),
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9702357A BR9702357A (pt) | 1996-07-25 | 1997-07-11 | Dispositivo e método de aquisição e de tratamento de dados sísmicos de reflex o para a exploração de um meio com tectônica complexa |
EP97933712A EP0857307A1 (fr) | 1996-07-25 | 1997-07-11 | Dispositif et methode d'acquisition et de traitement de donnees sismiques reflexion pour l'exploration d'un milieu a tectonique complexe |
US09/043,381 US5999487A (en) | 1996-07-25 | 1997-07-11 | Seismic reflection data acquisition and processing method and device for prospecting in tectonically complex environments |
NO980988A NO980988L (no) | 1996-07-25 | 1998-03-06 | Seismiske refleksjonsdata-innsamling og behandlingsfremgangsmåte og anordning for undersökelse innenfor tektoniske komplekse omgivelser |
MXPA/A/1998/002292A MXPA98002292A (en) | 1996-07-25 | 1998-03-24 | Seismic reflection data acquisition and processing method and device for prospecting in tectonically complex environments |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9609397A FR2751757B1 (fr) | 1996-07-25 | 1996-07-25 | Methode d'acquisition et de traitement de donnees sismiques reflexion pour l'exploration d'un milieu a tectonique complexe |
FR96/09397 | 1996-07-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998004933A1 true WO1998004933A1 (fr) | 1998-02-05 |
Family
ID=9494492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR1997/001280 WO1998004933A1 (fr) | 1996-07-25 | 1997-07-11 | Dispositif et methode d'acquisition et de traitement de donnees sismiques reflexion pour l'exploration d'un milieu a tectonique complexe |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5999487A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0857307A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1198215A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9702357A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2229988A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2751757B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO980988L (fr) |
OA (1) | OA10676A (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2193217C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998004933A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0100207D0 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2001-02-14 | Geco Prakla Uk Ltd | A method of processing seismic data |
US8913462B2 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2014-12-16 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Real-time reflection point density mapping during three-dimensional (3D) vertical seismic profile (VSP) surveys |
CN102243319B (zh) * | 2010-05-14 | 2013-10-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种地下不连续体的检测方法及装置 |
CN102183790A (zh) * | 2011-02-12 | 2011-09-14 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 基于时空双变网格的弹性波正演模拟技术 |
US10088596B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-10-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Meshless representation of a geologic environment |
CN105388513B (zh) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-12-05 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | 地震采集观测系统的建立方法和装置 |
CN111538083A (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-08-14 | 吉林大学 | 基于速度梯度的崎岖海底界面的光滑处理方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1489908A (en) * | 1974-12-11 | 1977-10-26 | Mobil Oil Corp | Determination of interval velocity in the presence of dip |
US4742497A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1988-05-03 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method of processing seismic data |
WO1996012975A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-02 | Elf Aquitaine Production | Methode d'analyse et de traitement de donnees sismiques reflexion |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4611311A (en) * | 1983-04-20 | 1986-09-09 | Chevron Research Company | Method of seismic processing involving converted P- or S-wave data |
-
1996
- 1996-07-25 FR FR9609397A patent/FR2751757B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-07-11 RU RU98107567/28A patent/RU2193217C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-11 CA CA002229988A patent/CA2229988A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-11 CN CN97190967A patent/CN1198215A/zh active Pending
- 1997-07-11 WO PCT/FR1997/001280 patent/WO1998004933A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-11 US US09/043,381 patent/US5999487A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-11 EP EP97933712A patent/EP0857307A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-11 BR BR9702357A patent/BR9702357A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-03-06 NO NO980988A patent/NO980988L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-03-25 OA OA9800034A patent/OA10676A/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1489908A (en) * | 1974-12-11 | 1977-10-26 | Mobil Oil Corp | Determination of interval velocity in the presence of dip |
US4742497A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1988-05-03 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method of processing seismic data |
WO1996012975A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-02 | Elf Aquitaine Production | Methode d'analyse et de traitement de donnees sismiques reflexion |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1198215A (zh) | 1998-11-04 |
NO980988D0 (no) | 1998-03-06 |
NO980988L (no) | 1998-03-06 |
MX9802292A (es) | 1998-05-31 |
BR9702357A (pt) | 1999-07-20 |
FR2751757B1 (fr) | 1998-08-28 |
EP0857307A1 (fr) | 1998-08-12 |
RU2193217C2 (ru) | 2002-11-20 |
OA10676A (en) | 2002-09-26 |
CA2229988A1 (fr) | 1998-02-05 |
US5999487A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
FR2751757A1 (fr) | 1998-01-30 |
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