WO1998003886A1 - Methode de migration des attributs geophysiques d'un milieu - Google Patents
Methode de migration des attributs geophysiques d'un milieu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998003886A1 WO1998003886A1 PCT/FR1997/001247 FR9701247W WO9803886A1 WO 1998003886 A1 WO1998003886 A1 WO 1998003886A1 FR 9701247 W FR9701247 W FR 9701247W WO 9803886 A1 WO9803886 A1 WO 9803886A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- migrated
- speed
- migration
- amplitude
- iteration
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012804 iterative process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020281 long black Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/52—Move-out correction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of migrating the geophysical attributes of a medium and more particularly of a given area of said medium.
- Seismic reflection is a common method which makes it possible, in petroleum exploration in particular, to obtain a seismic image of the medium to be explored.
- acoustic waves are emitted which propagate in the medium to be explored and are reflected on the different reflectors or horizons that it contains.
- the reflected waves are recorded, as a function of time, on suitable receivers placed on the surface of the medium.
- the records or traces are then gathered according to a criterion determined according to the objectives to be achieved and constitute collections of traces.
- the '' traces, common midpoint (CMP) gathers of traces sets that are assigned to the positions of points in the center of the segments couples transceiver used for said traces.
- Seismic processing makes it possible, from said collections of traces, to obtain a seismic image in the vertical plane passing through all of the midpoints.
- the reflections of the waves on the various reflectors observed on a collection of traces in common middle point, theoretically align along hyperbolas centered vertically from the midpoint and called indicators.
- said traces are dynamically corrected with a law or velocity field V (t).
- This velocity field is to punctually analyze the velocities on a limited number of collections of traces in common midpoint, then to interpolate the results from these analyzes, in time on the one hand for each of the analyzes. and on the x-axis on the other hand.
- Conventional speed analysis consists in successively applying to PMC trace collections, for the selected midpoints, constant speeds then summing the dynamically corrected traces for each of the speeds used and manually retaining those of speeds leading to a maximum of energy of the sum trace.
- POLYSTACK In an article entitled “Normal Moveout Revisited: Inhomogeneous media and curved interfaces", published in the journal GEOPHYSICS, Volume 53, N ° 2, Fev. 1988, pages 143 to 157, Eric de Bazelaire developed another method of speed analysis, used to obtain improved sum sections called "POLYSTACK".
- the POLYSTACK method consists in scanning all the traces of the same collection of PMC traces, in applying to all the traces a correction of the static type, according to a family of hyperbolas, independent of time, and different from a trace. sum to the other, so as to produce "baps" of which each trace is a sum of the traces of the PMC collection thus corrected.
- the two methods POLYSTACK and DELTA STACK have the particularity of comprising and / or making more accessible the geophysical attributes of the zone of the explored medium including obviously the attributes amplitude and speed.
- the sum section obtained by the various methods recalled above contains a number of anomalies (diffraction hyperbola, poor localization of slope events, etc.) which should be corrected.
- the sum section can be migrated in time or in depth depending on the goals to be achieved, it being specified that one can go from a time migration to the deep migration and vice versa. This is well known to specialists and will not be described in detail, the migration having the effect of replacing the seismic event or events appearing on the sum section vertically from their geological position.
- To migrate a seismic signal it is necessary to know the distribution of the velocities in the subsoil, which, in geophysical terms, amounts to knowing the velocity field of intervals in the migrated position.
- this interval velocity field is a priori unknown and whatever the migration technique used, wave equation or ray tracing, it is replaced by a speed distribution law from the stack or any other form modeling. Any error concerning this field of velocities introduces a bias on the result of the migration of the amplitude in particular.
- the present invention aims to propose a method which allows the migration of geophysical attributes of an area to be explored or at least geophysical attributes of interest in petroleum exploration.
- the present invention relates to the determination of a speed field in the migrated position using a migration of the amplitude attribute and the use of the migrated speed field for the migration of any other geophysical attribute.
- the subject of the present invention is a method in which:
- - at least one collection of seismic traces is classified, classified according to a determined criterion and relating to said zone, - a sum section is produced from said collection of seismic traces and using a summation speed field relating to said zone, characterized in that, in addition, a) the product of a term relating to the amplitude of the traces is produced by a term relating to the summation speeds; b) migrating with an initial migration speed, on the one hand, the amplitude data to obtain a migrated image of the amplitude and, on the other hand, said product to obtain a migrated image of said product, c) performing the ratio of the data of the migrated image of said product to the data of the migrated image of the amplitude, in order to obtain a speed in the migrated position, and d) an iteration of steps b) and c) is carried out using for each iteration a speed of migration equal to the speed in the migrated position from the immediately preceding iteration until the difference between the
- the present invention makes it possible to obtain a speed field very close to the migrated speed field from which a correct migration of the other geophysical attributes can be carried out.
- the migration is a migration in time.
- step c) is carried out on the envelopes of the traces after time migration of the amplitude and of the product.
- the term relating to the summation speeds is assigned an exponent less than or equal to 1.
- each of the other geophysical attributes is migrated in time with the final velocity field by performing steps a) to c) only.
- the initial migration speed is a summation speed.
- FIG. 1 is a synthetic representation of a collection of traces in common midpoints
- FIG. 2 is a synthetic representation of a geological model concerning an area considered to be explored
- FIG. 3 is a synthetic representation of a sum model
- FIG. 4 is a synthetic representation of a field of speeds before migration
- FIG. 5 is a synthetic representation of the estimate of the speed field after the first iteration
- FIGS. 6 to 8 are synthetic representations of the estimates of the speed field after the second, third and fourth iterations respectively
- FIG. 9 is a synthetic representation of the migration of the amplitude with the speed field of Figure 8
- - Figure 10 is a synthetic representation of the migration of the amplitude with conventional migration techniques.
- the initial geological model of the area concerned is shown synthetically in Figure 2, the ordinates representing the depths while in the other figures, the ordinates represent times.
- the geological model we can point a certain number of reflectors H j to H 6 located at depths located between 490 m for the reflector H j and 2060 m for the reflector H 6 .
- the geological model is by nature almost perfect since it is carried out manually by the geophysicist. From the geological model, we synthesize collections of PMC traces then we perform velocity analyzes, and we perform the summation of traces of PMC collections to obtain a sum model or stack model like the one represented in figure 3, on which we finds the same reflectors Hj to H 6 at the corresponding times.
- the stack model in Figure 3 is representative of the amplitude stack, which constitutes a geophysical attribute that one wishes to migrate in time, for example.
- any initial speed field such as for example the speed field used for the summation or else the speed field obtained by the POLYSTACK or DELTA STACK processes mentioned in the preamble.
- An initial speed field usable for the migration of the attribute amplitude can be that represented on figure 4.
- this field of speeds one notes various gradations of tones which go from black to white with gray and which correspond to isovitesses whose values can be determined using the palette illustrated on the left in figure 4.
- the method according to the invention consists, in a first step, in carrying out the product of the term amplitude A with a term representative of the speed of stack V.
- the product A * V being the simplest combination but any invertible function of A and V could be used to make the combination.
- this first step consists in sampling each sum trace of the stack model and in performing the product of the amplitude of each sample by the corresponding stack speed.
- the term V is weighted by an exponent ⁇ which is at most equal to 1, in order to reduce the parasitic effects of migration.
- the exponent ⁇ is equal to 0.5.
- the second operation consists in migrating on the one hand the amplitude trace A and, on the other hand, the product A * V ⁇ in the same interval velocity field originating from the initial velocity field used which, as recalled above , may be the stack velocity field.
- the journey times are calculated using, for example, the algorithm known as EIKONAL, because the calculation is unique for the two migrations A and A * V ⁇ .
- EIKONAL the algorithm known as EIKONAL
- any other time migration can be used, such as wave equation migration, a technique that specialists are well aware of.
- the previous time migration thus produces a time migrated image corresponding to the amplitude and a time migrated image corresponding to the product A * V ⁇ .
- the third step consists in carrying out the ratio of the migrated image (A * V ⁇ ) on the migrated image A, so that a first speed is obtained in the migrated position V ⁇ because:
- the present invention also consists in making the migrated speed field converge by successive iterations.
- (A) migrates to obtain at the end of iteration 1 a speed in the migrated position V 2 . This is what is shown in Figure 5 where we can still see long black spots.
- the speed in migration position V 3 is used as the migration speed, the resulting migrated speed field being represented in FIG. 7.
- the speed field of FIG. 7 converges satisfactorily.
- FIG. 9 represents the migrated image of the amplitude with the iteration speed field 4.
- this migrated image is compared with a migrated image of the same amplitude but performed with the prior techniques and represented in FIG. 10, easily that the reflectors H and H 3 of FIG. 9 are more curved after their apex than the same reflectors of FIG. 10, which further defines the fault which is located by the right ends of said reflectors.
- the last reflector H 7 downwards in FIGS. 9 and 10 is more marked in FIG. 9 than in FIG. 10.
- the present invention also makes it possible to migrate in time other geophysical attributes A ⁇ . such as signal-to-noise ratio, accuracy on curvature, etc.
- Another advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the spatial distribution of the interval speeds is better known, which makes it possible to know the true speeds in the migrated section and the knowledge of these true speeds participates in the determination of the lithology of the basement for example.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/043,217 US6044039A (en) | 1996-07-19 | 1997-07-09 | Geophysical attribute migration method for a medium |
AU36252/97A AU712392B2 (en) | 1996-07-19 | 1997-07-09 | Geophysical attribute migration method for a medium |
EP97932870A EP0888562A1 (fr) | 1996-07-19 | 1997-07-09 | Methode de migration des attributs geophysiques d'un milieu |
BR9706587A BR9706587A (pt) | 1996-07-19 | 1997-07-09 | Método de migração dos atributos geofísicos de um meio |
NO980938A NO980938L (no) | 1996-07-19 | 1998-03-04 | Fremgangsmåte for migrasjon av geofysisk attributt til et medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR96/09094 | 1996-07-19 | ||
FR9609094A FR2751428B1 (fr) | 1996-07-19 | 1996-07-19 | Methode de migration des attributs geophysiques d'un milieu |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998003886A1 true WO1998003886A1 (fr) | 1998-01-29 |
Family
ID=9494250
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1997/001247 WO1998003886A1 (fr) | 1996-07-19 | 1997-07-09 | Methode de migration des attributs geophysiques d'un milieu |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6044039A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0888562A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1198216A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU712392B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9706587A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2229580A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2751428B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO980938L (fr) |
OA (1) | OA10673A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998003886A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6466873B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-10-15 | Pgs Americas, Inc. | Method of extended recursive f-k migration |
CN101598806B (zh) * | 2008-06-04 | 2011-05-25 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | 一种提高构造图准确度的偏差消除方法 |
US8332156B2 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2012-12-11 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for propagating pseudo acoustic quasi-P waves in anisotropic media |
CN113866827B (zh) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-05-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种解释性速度建模地震成像方法、系统、介质和设备 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4813027A (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1989-03-14 | Arabian American Oil Company | Method and apparatus for enhancing seismic data |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4888742A (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1989-12-19 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method of migrating seismic data |
US5530679A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1996-06-25 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method for migrating seismic data |
-
1996
- 1996-07-19 FR FR9609094A patent/FR2751428B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-07-09 AU AU36252/97A patent/AU712392B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-07-09 CN CN97190928A patent/CN1198216A/zh active Pending
- 1997-07-09 BR BR9706587A patent/BR9706587A/pt unknown
- 1997-07-09 US US09/043,217 patent/US6044039A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-09 EP EP97932870A patent/EP0888562A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-09 CA CA002229580A patent/CA2229580A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-09 WO PCT/FR1997/001247 patent/WO1998003886A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1998
- 1998-03-04 NO NO980938A patent/NO980938L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-03-18 OA OA9800031A patent/OA10673A/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4813027A (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1989-03-14 | Arabian American Oil Company | Method and apparatus for enhancing seismic data |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
AL-YAHYA: "Velocity analysis by iterative profile migration", GEOPHYSICS, vol. 54, no. 6, June 1989 (1989-06-01), TULSA, pages 718 - 729, XP002030424 * |
BAZELAIRE DE E: "NORMAL MOVEOUT REVISITED: INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA AND CURVED INTERFACES", GEOPHYSICS, vol. 53, no. 2, February 1988 (1988-02-01), pages 143 - 157, XP000617851 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2751428B1 (fr) | 1998-08-28 |
NO980938D0 (no) | 1998-03-04 |
AU3625297A (en) | 1998-02-10 |
BR9706587A (pt) | 1999-07-20 |
MX9802077A (es) | 1998-08-30 |
CA2229580A1 (fr) | 1998-01-29 |
CN1198216A (zh) | 1998-11-04 |
FR2751428A1 (fr) | 1998-01-23 |
OA10673A (en) | 2002-09-25 |
NO980938L (no) | 1998-03-04 |
US6044039A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
AU712392B2 (en) | 1999-11-04 |
EP0888562A1 (fr) | 1999-01-07 |
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