WO1997039393A1 - Control and data processing device for an industrial installation - Google Patents

Control and data processing device for an industrial installation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997039393A1
WO1997039393A1 PCT/EP1997/001967 EP9701967W WO9739393A1 WO 1997039393 A1 WO1997039393 A1 WO 1997039393A1 EP 9701967 W EP9701967 W EP 9701967W WO 9739393 A1 WO9739393 A1 WO 9739393A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nbc
network
unit
internet
plc
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/001967
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Speidel
Original Assignee
Fritz Electronic Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fritz Electronic Gmbh filed Critical Fritz Electronic Gmbh
Publication of WO1997039393A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997039393A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/41845—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by system universality, reconfigurability, modularity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
    • G05B19/052—Linking several PLC's
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
    • G05B19/056—Programming the PLC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/40—Network security protocols
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31156—Network structure, internet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31159—Intranet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31161—Java programcode or simular active agents, programs, applets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/36—Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
    • G05B2219/36386—Bootstrap loader
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a controller and its process data management for an industrial plant.
  • Programmable logic controllers also known as PLCs, are known for controlling industrial plants. These usually have an input / output unit (man-machine interface), via which the user can operate / parameterize the control on site.
  • the program to be processed is written in an adapted programming language (for example IEC 1131) and is advantageously stored in a memory of the PLC and processed by a PLC controller.
  • the process data obtained is collected, processed as required and can be fed to other units for evaluation.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the technical outlay for controlling industrial plants and to collect the process data obtained in a simple manner for an immediate or later evaluation. This object is achieved according to the features of claim 1.
  • the integrated control has a secure power supply.
  • the PLC control program can be downloaded from the network.
  • All manufacturing data, downtimes, shift protocols etc. can be saved in the higher-level network and processed immediately or later.
  • Network-optimized programming languages such as JAVA, can preferably be used to describe / program the data preparation and evaluation.
  • the permanently installed software on the NBC is limited to a BOOT EPROM.
  • TCP Transmission Protocol
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • JAVA Object-oriented programming language developed by SUN-Microsystems. JAVA compilers do not generate an INTEL processor code, but a special JAVA code. This code is evaluated on the target system by suitable JAVA interpreters and translated to the respective target hardware. There are now JAVA processors that already do this translation on the hardware side. JAVA has now been licensed by all major software companies (Microsoft, IBM, etc.). Intranet
  • An intranet is a local network that expediently has the same physical and logical structure as the Internet. With intranets, fully internet-compatible company-internal networks can be set up, which can be connected to the official internet at any time. As with the Internet, the opportunity is used to use the network as a global, cross-company database.
  • Fieldbuses are networks for connecting decentralized input / output modules in industrial controls. They are not designed to transfer large amounts of data. Rather, they serve the rapid exchange of states at the process level. Common fieldbuses are Inter-Bus-S (PHOENIX), ProfiBus-DP (SIEMENS) and CAN-Bus.
  • controllers There are communication buses for connecting controllers (PLC, industrial computer, CNC, etc.) to one another. They are physically designed so that data packets can be sent directly addressed from one controller to one or more controllers. In contrast to field buses, ever larger amounts of data are sent at this protocol level. Each control manufacturer usually offers communication buses tailored to its system with different scope of services.
  • Programmable logic controller controller for logically linking process states. Mainly O 97/39393 PC17EP97 / 01967
  • the drawing shows two network-based controllers, called NBC, which preferably form a structural unit 1 as hardware.
  • Each NBC has a programmable logic control unit PLC, which is connected via a fieldbus 2 to decentralized local input / output units such as sensors / actuators 3.
  • the fieldbus 2 is connected to the NBC via a fieldbus interface 4.
  • the control unit PLC preferably has an intelligent fieldbus controller 5 with its own processor for processing the PLC program.
  • the process data which are read in via the fieldbus 2 and result in a current process image, are expediently stored in a non-volatile memory 6 on the fieldbus interface 4. This ensures that the data is protected against power failure. If the intelligent fieldbus controller 5 is used, the control unit PLC can work independently of the processor 7 of the NBC.
  • the NBC also has a BOOT EPROM 8 for the processor 7, which mainly contains the software for starting up the NBC and for basic management of the fieldbus peripherals and for downloading programs from the higher-level network 20.
  • a main memory 9 is also expediently arranged.
  • the NBC can be operated via an optional input / output unit 10; PC-compatible units can be used as the input unit, such as a keyboard or a touchscreen 10.1, a mouse 10.2, a trackball 10.3 or an electronic pen.
  • a screen 11 is expediently provided as an optional output unit, which can be designed as a tube screen or as a flat display (LCD).
  • a preferably internal modem 12 is integrated, which works analog or digital (ISDN), via the modem 12 the NBC can advantageously with a dial-up connection (telephone network) to the Internet 21 (Worldwide Web) and thus also be connected to other NBCs.
  • ISDN analog or digital
  • a connection to an internal company intranet 22 is also possible, for which purpose the NBC has a network module 13 which establishes the physical connection to the intranet 22.
  • the intranet expediently works with a TCP or IP protocol, so that there is an Internet-compatible training which enables a direct connection 23 of the intranet 22 to the Internet 21.
  • the intranet 22 is connected to internal company storage media or servers 25.
  • a communication bus 30 for a fast direct connection between individual NBCs, which are also operated at different locations, to which each NBC is to be connected via a communication module 14. In this way, data packets can be exchanged directly between the NBCs, and direct access to memory areas of another NBC is also possible.
  • An NBC expediently also has modules for multimedia applications, for example sound controllers, video controllers, MPEG, JPEG, graphic controllers or the like.
  • the software necessary for operating an NBC can be made available and downloaded to the NBC via the higher-level network 20, namely Internet 21 or intranet 22.
  • the complete Internet functionality can be accessed via this software, whereby the NBC programs can expediently run as JAVA programs.
  • processor 7 is expediently provided as a JAVA processor.
  • the control programs for the PLC can run on the NBC, with fieldbus 2 serving as a coupling to the process (control technology). If an autonomous field bus controller 5 is provided, it can process the control software, so that the processor 7 of the NBC is relieved and, for example, in its entire capacity for multimedia applications or other data processing (Internet or intranet) Available.
  • the intranet has the same physical and logical structure as the Internet 21, so that a connection to the Internet 21 is possible at any time.
  • the network 20 can be used as a global, cross-company database.
  • the information about the network is sent in as compact a form as possible.
  • the browsers running on the NBCs interpret the data (for example HTML) and prepare images and interactive menus etc. therefrom.
  • JAVA it is possible to write complex programs such as word processing, spreadsheets, multimedia applications etc. in an object-oriented manner.
  • JAVA compilers generate code that is independent of the hardware. This must be translated and evaluated by an interpreter or a JAVA processor 7 on the NBC. All program parts required for hardware control are therefore located on the NBC terminal 1. Only the application itself is encoded in JAVA and sent via the network 20. With this handling, the code required for an application program can be broken down into two parts:
  • the NBC according to the invention is an intelligent subscriber to the Internet 21 or an intranet 22 within the company. It has all the capabilities and services of a modern Internet terminal. A hard disk or the like can be omitted.
  • the fieldbus 2 to the process is either operated directly from the main processor 7 or via its own controller 5, which is coupled to the fieldbus interface 4.
  • NBC With the NBC, the functionality of PCs, networks and general data technology can be taken into account in the field of industrial controls.
  • multimedia applications made available via the network can be used, for example service instructions by video clip, assembly pictures, maintenance instructions, circuit diagrams, online help or the like.
  • a representation on the screen of the machine control is expedient.
  • Product-related manufacturing data can also be recorded and evaluated centrally over longer periods of time, which is a requirement of ISO certification.
  • An expedient decoupling of process control and multimedia application is achieved by arranging an autonomous fieldbus control.
  • Process control and multimedia application can communicate internally with one another via a common memory or adapted mechanisms for data exchange.

Abstract

A network-based controller for industrial installations is in particular useful to replace a memory-programmable controller with a connected data processing system. To reduce local hardware requirements, the network-based controller (NBC) is connected by field busses, communication busses, an internal modem and an internet-compatible network connection to the data processing and process-controlling equipment of industrial installations. The controller uses the possibilities of distributed systems, in particular the performance characteristics of internet or intranet. The field bus connection and communication busses ensure the same performance as conventional control technologies. The software management of the network-based controller is adapted for internet and the technical processes are controlled by means of the field bus.

Description

Vorrichtung zur Steuerung und Datenaufbereitung einer industriellen Anlage Device for the control and data preparation of an industrial plant
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Steuerung und deren Prozeßdatenverwaltung für eine industrielle Anlage.The invention relates to a controller and its process data management for an industrial plant.
Zur Steuerung von industriellen Anlagen sind speicherpro- grammierbare Steuerungen bekannt, auch SPS genannt. Diese weisen meist eine Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit (Man-Machine-Inter- face) auf, über die der Benutzer vor Ort eine Bedie- nung/Parametieren der Steuerung vornehmen kann. Das abzu¬ arbeitende Programm ist in einer angepaßten Programmier¬ sprache (zum Beispiel IEC 1131) geschrieben und wird vor¬ teilhaft in einem Speicher der SPS abgelegt und von einem SPS-Controller abgearbeitet. Die dabei anfallenden Proze߬ daten werden gesammelt, nach Bedarf aufbereitet und können anderen Einheiten zur Auswertung zugeführt werden.Programmable logic controllers, also known as PLCs, are known for controlling industrial plants. These usually have an input / output unit (man-machine interface), via which the user can operate / parameterize the control on site. The program to be processed is written in an adapted programming language (for example IEC 1131) and is advantageously stored in a memory of the PLC and processed by a PLC controller. The process data obtained is collected, processed as required and can be fed to other units for evaluation.
Der Sammlung, Aufbereitung und Verwaltung der bei der Pro¬ duktion in industriellen Anlagen anfallenden Daten kommt immer größere Bedeutung zu; einerseits für die Qualitäts¬ sicherung und Fehlersuche, andererseits für die kaufmänni¬ sche Auswertung.The collection, processing and management of the data generated during production in industrial plants are becoming increasingly important; on the one hand for quality assurance and troubleshooting, on the other hand for commercial evaluation.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den technischen Aufwand zur Steuerung industrieller Anlagen zu senken und die anfallenden Prozeßdaten auf einfache Weise für eine so¬ fortige oder spätere Auswertung zu sammeln. Diese Aufgabe wird nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 ge¬ löst.The object of the invention is to reduce the technical outlay for controlling industrial plants and to collect the process data obtained in a simple manner for an immediate or later evaluation. This object is achieved according to the features of claim 1.
Durch diesen erfindungsgemäßen Aufbau wird erreicht:This construction according to the invention achieves:
- Steuerungsprogramm und eventuelle Multimedia- oder Datenaufbereitungs-Anwendungen/Netzwerkkopplung laufen auf demselben System. Bei Verwendung eines zusätzlichen Controllers (Prozessor) für die Feldbus-Kopplung sind beide Systeme sogar entkoppelt.- Control program and any multimedia or data processing applications / network coupling run on the same system. When using an additional controller (processor) for the fieldbus coupling, both systems are even decoupled.
- Bei Spannungs-/Netzwerkausfall kann der Prozeßzustand gesichert werden. Die integrierte Steuerung verfügt über eine gesicherte Stromversorgung.- In the event of a voltage / network failure, the process status can be saved. The integrated control has a secure power supply.
- Festplatten und anfällige PC-Komponenten (Steckkarten) entfallen.- Hard disks and vulnerable PC components (plug-in cards) are eliminated.
- Mit gängigen Software-Anwendungen kann von der Maschi¬ nensteuerung auf alle Daten/Bilder/Anwendungen im über¬ geordneten Netz (Internet, Intranet) zugegriffen werden.- With common software applications, all data / images / applications in the higher-level network (Internet, intranet) can be accessed by the machine control.
- Das SPS-Steuerungsprogramm kann per Download aus dem Netzwerk geladen werden.- The PLC control program can be downloaded from the network.
- Fernwartungen, Programmänderungen und Datenerfassungen sind über das übergeordnete Netz (Internet, Intranet) möglich.- Remote maintenance, program changes and data acquisition are possible via the higher-level network (Internet, intranet).
- Alle Herstellungsdaten, Stillstandszeiten, Schichtpro¬ tokolle usw. können im übergeordneten Netz gespeichert und sofort oder später weiterverarbeitet werden. - Zur Beschreibung/Programmierung der Datenaufbereitung und Auswertung können bevorzugt netzwerkoptimierte Pro¬ grammiersprachen, wie zum Beispiel JAVA, eingesetzt wer¬ den.- All manufacturing data, downtimes, shift protocols etc. can be saved in the higher-level network and processed immediately or later. Network-optimized programming languages, such as JAVA, can preferably be used to describe / program the data preparation and evaluation.
- Die fest installierte Software auf dem NBC beschränkt sich auf ein BOOT-EPROM.- The permanently installed software on the NBC is limited to a BOOT EPROM.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weite¬ ren Ansprüchen sowie dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten und nachstehend im einzelnen beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, wobei in der Beschreibung folgende Begriffe verwendet werden:Further features of the invention result from the further claims and the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in the drawing and described in detail below, the following terms being used in the description:
• Internet• Internet
I) Mehrere Paketvermittlungsnetze, die mit Hilfe von Brücken und Routern verbunden sind und über Proto¬ kolle kommunizieren, so daß sie als einheitliches virtuelles Netz erscheinen.I) Several packet switching networks, which are connected with the aid of bridges and routers and communicate via protocols, so that they appear as a uniform virtual network.
II) Ein weltweites Netz, das vom US-amerikanischen Ver¬ teidigungsministerium ins Leben gerufen wurde und das Transmission Protocol (TCP) sowie das Internet Protocol (IP) benutzt.II) A worldwide network that was established by the United States Department of Defense and uses the Transmission Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP).
• JAVA• JAVA
Objektorientierte Programmiersprache, entwickelt von SUN-Microsystems. JAVA-Compiler generieren keinen INTEL- Prozessorcode, sondern einen speziellen JAVA-Code. Die¬ ser Code wird auf dem Zielsystem von geeigneten JAVA- Interpretern ausgewertet und auf die jeweilige Ziel¬ hardware übersetzt. Mittlerweile existieren JAVA-Prozes- soren, die diese Übersetzung bereits hardwareseitig übernehmen. JAVA wurde inzwischen von allen bedeutenden Softwareunternehmen lizenziert (Microsoft, IBM usw.). IntranetObject-oriented programming language developed by SUN-Microsystems. JAVA compilers do not generate an INTEL processor code, but a special JAVA code. This code is evaluated on the target system by suitable JAVA interpreters and translated to the respective target hardware. There are now JAVA processors that already do this translation on the hardware side. JAVA has now been licensed by all major software companies (Microsoft, IBM, etc.). Intranet
Als Intranet wird ein lokales Netzwerk bezeichnet, das zweckmäßig die gleiche physikalische und logische Struk¬ tur besitzt wie das Internet. Mit Intranets können voll Internet-kompatible firmeninterne Netzwerke aufgebaut werden, die jederzeit an das offizielle Internet ange¬ koppelt werden können. Dabei wird wie beim Internet die Möglichkeit genutzt, das Netzwerk als globale firmen- ubergreifende Datenbank zu nutzen.An intranet is a local network that expediently has the same physical and logical structure as the Internet. With intranets, fully internet-compatible company-internal networks can be set up, which can be connected to the official internet at any time. As with the Internet, the opportunity is used to use the network as a global, cross-company database.
FeldbusFieldbus
Feldbusse sind Netzwerke zur Verbindung dezentraler Ein- /Ausgabemodule bei industriellen Steuerungen. Sie sind nicht auf die Übertragung großer Datenmengen ausgelegt. Vielmehr dienen sie dem schnellen Austausch von Zuständen auf Prozeßebene. Gängige Feldbusse sind Inter- Bus-S (PHOENIX), ProfiBus-DP (SIEMENS) und CAN-Bus.Fieldbuses are networks for connecting decentralized input / output modules in industrial controls. They are not designed to transfer large amounts of data. Rather, they serve the rapid exchange of states at the process level. Common fieldbuses are Inter-Bus-S (PHOENIX), ProfiBus-DP (SIEMENS) and CAN-Bus.
KommunikationsbussystemeCommunication bus systems
Um Steuerungen (SPS, Industnecomputer, CNC usw.) mit¬ einander zu verbinden, gibt es Kommunikationsbusse. Sie sind physikalisch so ausgelegt, daß Datenpakete direkt adressiert von einer Steuerung an eine oder mehrere Steuerungen versandt werden können. Im Gegensatz zu Feldbussen werden auf dieser Protokollebene immer größere Datenmengen verschickt. Jeder Steuerungs¬ hersteller bietet üblicherweise auf sein System zuge¬ schnittene Kommunikationsbusse mit unterschiedlichem Leistungsumfang an.There are communication buses for connecting controllers (PLC, industrial computer, CNC, etc.) to one another. They are physically designed so that data packets can be sent directly addressed from one controller to one or more controllers. In contrast to field buses, ever larger amounts of data are sent at this protocol level. Each control manufacturer usually offers communication buses tailored to its system with different scope of services.
SPSPLC
Speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung: Controller zur logi¬ schen Verknüpfung von Prozeßzustanden. Hauptsächlich O 97/39393 PC17EP97/01967Programmable logic controller: controller for logically linking process states. Mainly O 97/39393 PC17EP97 / 01967
werden Anweisungsketten mit festen Zykluszeiten sequen¬ tiell abgearbeitet.instruction chains with fixed cycle times are processed sequentially.
In der Zeichnung sind zwei Netzwerk-basierende Controller, genannt NBC, dargestellt, die bevorzugt als Hardware eine Baueinheit 1 bilden. Jeder NBC weist eine speicherpro¬ grammierbare Steuerungseinheit SPS auf, die über einen Feldbus 2 mit dezentralen lokalen Ein-/Ausgabeeinheiten wie Sensoren/Aktoren 3 verbunden ist. Der Feldbus 2 ist über ein Feldbus-Interface 4 an den NBC angeschlossen. Bevorzugt weist die Steuerungseinheit SPS einen intelligenten Feld- bus-Controller 5 mit eigenem Prozessor zum Abarbeiten des SPS-Programms auf. Die Prozeßdaten, die über den Feldbus 2 eingelesen werden und ein aktuelles Prozeßabbild ergeben, werden zweckmäßig in einem nichtflüchtigen Speicher 6 auf dem Feldbus-Interface 4 abgelegt. Die Daten sind so netz- ausfallsicher gesichert. Wird der intelligente Feldbus- Controller 5 verwendet, kann die Steuerungseinheit SPS vom Prozessor 7 des NBC unabhängig arbeiten.The drawing shows two network-based controllers, called NBC, which preferably form a structural unit 1 as hardware. Each NBC has a programmable logic control unit PLC, which is connected via a fieldbus 2 to decentralized local input / output units such as sensors / actuators 3. The fieldbus 2 is connected to the NBC via a fieldbus interface 4. The control unit PLC preferably has an intelligent fieldbus controller 5 with its own processor for processing the PLC program. The process data, which are read in via the fieldbus 2 and result in a current process image, are expediently stored in a non-volatile memory 6 on the fieldbus interface 4. This ensures that the data is protected against power failure. If the intelligent fieldbus controller 5 is used, the control unit PLC can work independently of the processor 7 of the NBC.
Der NBC weist ferner einen BOOT-EPROM 8 für den Prozessor 7 auf, der hauptsächlich die Software zum Hochlaufen des NBC und zur Grundverwaltung der Feldbus-Peripherie sowie zum Download von Programmen aus dem übergeordneten Netz 20 ent¬ hält. Zweckmäßig ist ferner ein Hauptspeicher 9 angeordnet. Über eine optionale Ein-/Ausgabeeinheit 10 ist der NBC zu bedienen; als Eingabeeinheit sind PC-kompatible Einheiten verwendbar, so eine Tastatur oder ein Touchscreen 10.1, eine Maus 10.2, ein Trackball 10.3 oder auch ein elektronischer Stift. Als optionale Ausgabeeinheit ist zweckmäßig ein Bildschirm 11 vorgesehen, der als Röhren- bildschirm oder als Flachdisplay (LCD) ausgebildet sein kann. Zur Anbindung des NBC an das übergeordnete Netz 20 ist ein vorzugsweise internes Modem 12 integriert, welches analog oder digital (ISDN) arbeitet, über das Modem 12 kann der NBC vorteilhaft mit einer Wählverbindung {Telefonnetz) an das Internet 21 (Worldwide Web) und damit auch an andere NBCs angeschlossen sein. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist auch eine Anbindung an ein firmeninternes Netz Intranet 22 möglich, wozu der NBC eine Netzwerkbaugruppe 13 aufweist, welche die physikalische Verbindung zum Intranet 22 her¬ stellt. Zweckmäßig arbeitet das Intranet mit einem TCP- oder IP-Protokoll, so daß eine Internet-kompatible Ausbil¬ dung vorliegt, die eine direkte Verbindung 23 des Intranets 22 mit dem Internet 21 ermöglicht. Das Intranet 22 steht mit firmeninternen Speichermedien bzw. Servern 25 in Verbindung.The NBC also has a BOOT EPROM 8 for the processor 7, which mainly contains the software for starting up the NBC and for basic management of the fieldbus peripherals and for downloading programs from the higher-level network 20. A main memory 9 is also expediently arranged. The NBC can be operated via an optional input / output unit 10; PC-compatible units can be used as the input unit, such as a keyboard or a touchscreen 10.1, a mouse 10.2, a trackball 10.3 or an electronic pen. A screen 11 is expediently provided as an optional output unit, which can be designed as a tube screen or as a flat display (LCD). To connect the NBC to the higher-level network 20, a preferably internal modem 12 is integrated, which works analog or digital (ISDN), via the modem 12 the NBC can advantageously with a dial-up connection (telephone network) to the Internet 21 (Worldwide Web) and thus also be connected to other NBCs. As an alternative or in addition, a connection to an internal company intranet 22 is also possible, for which purpose the NBC has a network module 13 which establishes the physical connection to the intranet 22. The intranet expediently works with a TCP or IP protocol, so that there is an Internet-compatible training which enables a direct connection 23 of the intranet 22 to the Internet 21. The intranet 22 is connected to internal company storage media or servers 25.
Es kann zweckmäßig sein, für eine schnelle Direktverbindung zwischen einzelnen auch an unterschiedlichen Standorten be¬ triebenen NBCs einen Kommunikationsbus 30 auszubilden, an den jeder NBC über eine Kommunikationsbaugruppe 14 anzu¬ schließen ist. Es können so Datenpakete zwischen den NBCs direkt ausgetauscht werden, und es ist auch ein direkter Zugriff auf Speicherbereiche eines anderen NBC möglich.It may be expedient to design a communication bus 30 for a fast direct connection between individual NBCs, which are also operated at different locations, to which each NBC is to be connected via a communication module 14. In this way, data packets can be exchanged directly between the NBCs, and direct access to memory areas of another NBC is also possible.
Zweckmäßig weist ein NBC auch Bausteine für Multimedia-An¬ wendungen auf, so zum Beispiel Sound Controller, Video Con¬ troller, MPEG, JPEG, Graphic Controller oder dergleichen.An NBC expediently also has modules for multimedia applications, for example sound controllers, video controllers, MPEG, JPEG, graphic controllers or the like.
über das übergeordnete Netz 20, nämlich Internet 21 oder Intranet 22, kann die zum Betrieb eines NBC notwendige Software zur Verfügung gestellt und auf den NBC herunter¬ geladen werden. Über diese Software kann auf die komplette Internet-Funktionalität zugegriffen werden, wobei die NBC- Programme zweckmäßig als JAVA-Programme ablaufen können. Hierzu ist der Prozessor 7 zweckmäßig als JAVA-Prozessor vorgesehen. Die Steuerungsprogramme für die SPS können auf dem NBC ablaufen, wobei als Kopplung zum Prozeß (Steue¬ rungstechnik) der Feldbus 2 dient. Ist ein autarker Feld¬ bus-Controller 5 vorgesehen, kann dieser die Steuerungs¬ software abarbeiten, so daß der Prozessor 7 des NBC ent¬ lastet ist und zum Beispiel in seiner gesamten Kapazität für Multimedia-Anwendungen oder sonstige Datenaufbereitung (Internet oder Intranet) zur Verfügung steht.The software necessary for operating an NBC can be made available and downloaded to the NBC via the higher-level network 20, namely Internet 21 or intranet 22. The complete Internet functionality can be accessed via this software, whereby the NBC programs can expediently run as JAVA programs. For this purpose, processor 7 is expediently provided as a JAVA processor. The control programs for the PLC can run on the NBC, with fieldbus 2 serving as a coupling to the process (control technology). If an autonomous field bus controller 5 is provided, it can process the control software, so that the processor 7 of the NBC is relieved and, for example, in its entire capacity for multimedia applications or other data processing (Internet or intranet) Available.
Das Intranet weist dabei die gleiche physikalische wie logische Struktur auf wie das Internet 21, so daß jederzeit eine Verbindung zum Internet 21 möglich ist. Das Netz 20 kann dabei als globale, firmenübergreifende Datenbank ge¬ nutzt werden.The intranet has the same physical and logical structure as the Internet 21, so that a connection to the Internet 21 is possible at any time. The network 20 can be used as a global, cross-company database.
Um die Netzbelastung gering zu halten, werden die Informa¬ tionen über das Netz in möglichst kompakter Form ver¬ schickt. Die auf den NBCs ablaufenden Browser interpretie¬ ren die Daten (zum Beispiel HTML) und bereiten daraus Bil¬ der und interaktive Menüs usw. auf. Mit der Programmier¬ sprache JAVA ist es möglich, komplexe Programme wie Text¬ verarbeitung, Tabellenkalkulation, Multimedia-Anwendungen usw. objektorientiert zu schreiben. JAVA-Compiler erzeugen einen von der Hardware unabhängigen Code. Dieser muß von einem Interpreter oder einem JAVA-Prozessor 7 auf dem NBC übersetzt und ausgewertet werden. Alle zur Hardware-An- steuerung notwendigen Programmteile befinden sich also auf dem NBC-Terminal 1. Nur die Anwendung selbst wird in JAVA kodiert und über das Netz 20 verschickt. Durch diese Hand¬ habung kann der für ein Anwendungsprogramm notwendige Code in zwei Teile zerlegt werden:In order to keep the network load low, the information about the network is sent in as compact a form as possible. The browsers running on the NBCs interpret the data (for example HTML) and prepare images and interactive menus etc. therefrom. With the programming language JAVA it is possible to write complex programs such as word processing, spreadsheets, multimedia applications etc. in an object-oriented manner. JAVA compilers generate code that is independent of the hardware. This must be translated and evaluated by an interpreter or a JAVA processor 7 on the NBC. All program parts required for hardware control are therefore located on the NBC terminal 1. Only the application itself is encoded in JAVA and sent via the network 20. With this handling, the code required for an application program can be broken down into two parts:
a) Logischer Programmkern und ProgrammablaufStruktur b) Bausteine zur Hardware-Steuerung/-Verwaltunga) Logical program core and program flow structure b) Modules for hardware control / management
Auf dem NBC befinden sich nur die Bausteine zur Hardware- Steuerung und -Verwaltung; Programmkern und Programmdaten sowie die Programmstruktur werden nach Bedarf aus dem Netz 20 geladen.Only the hardware control and management components are on the NBC; The program core and program data as well as the program structure are loaded from the network 20 as required.
Der erfindungsgemäße NBC ist ein intelligenter Teilnehmer am Internet 21 bzw. einem firmeninternen Intranet 22. Er verfügt über alle Fähigkeiten und Leistungen eines modernen Internet-Terminals. Eine Festplatte oder ähnliches kann entfallen. Der Feldbus 2 zum Prozeß wird entweder direkt vom Hauptprozessor 7 aus bedient oder über einen eigenen Controller 5, der mit dem Feldbus-Interface 4 gekoppelt ist.The NBC according to the invention is an intelligent subscriber to the Internet 21 or an intranet 22 within the company. It has all the capabilities and services of a modern Internet terminal. A hard disk or the like can be omitted. The fieldbus 2 to the process is either operated directly from the main processor 7 or via its own controller 5, which is coupled to the fieldbus interface 4.
Mit dem NBC können im Bereich der industriellen Steuerungen die Funktionalität von PCs, Netzwerken und allgemeiner Datentechnik Berücksichtigung finden. Insbesondere über das Netz zur Verfügung gestellte Multimedia-Anwendungen sind einsetzbar, so zum Beispiel Serviceanleitungen per Videoclip, Montagebilder, Wartungsanleitungen, Strom¬ laufpläne, On-Line-Hilfe o.a. Dabei ist eine Darstellung auf dem Bildschirm der Maschinensteuerung zweckmäßig. Pro¬ duktbezogene Herstellungsdaten können auch über längere Zeiträume zentral erfaßt und ausgewertet werden, was ein Erfordernis einer ISO-Zertifizierung ist. Eine zweckmäßige Entkopplung von Prozeßsteuerung und Multimedia-Anwendung wird durch Anordnung einer autarken Feldbussteuerung er¬ reicht, über einen gemeinsamen Speicher oder angepaßte Mechanismen für den Datenaustausch können Prozeßεteuerung und Multimedia-Anwendung intern miteinander kommunizieren. With the NBC, the functionality of PCs, networks and general data technology can be taken into account in the field of industrial controls. In particular, multimedia applications made available via the network can be used, for example service instructions by video clip, assembly pictures, maintenance instructions, circuit diagrams, online help or the like. A representation on the screen of the machine control is expedient. Product-related manufacturing data can also be recorded and evaluated centrally over longer periods of time, which is a requirement of ISO certification. An expedient decoupling of process control and multimedia application is achieved by arranging an autonomous fieldbus control. Process control and multimedia application can communicate internally with one another via a common memory or adapted mechanisms for data exchange.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer industriellen Anlage, bestehend aus einer Steuerungseinheit (SPS), die über einen Feldbus (2) mit lokalen Eingabe-/Ausgabeeinheiten (3) einer Steuerungstechnik verbunden ist, mit einem Prozessor (7) und einem diesem zugeordneten BOOT- Speicher (8), einer Eingabeeinheit (10) und einer Anschalteinheit (12, 13) an ein übergeordnetes Netz (20), welches das SPS-Programm selbst oder die dazu notwendige Software zur Verfügung stellt, wobei die zentrale Steuerungseinheit (SPS), der Prozessor (7) mit dem BOOT-Speicher (8) und die Anschalteinheit (12, 13) einen Netzwerk-basierenden Controller NBC bilden.Device for controlling an industrial system, comprising a control unit (PLC), which is connected via a fieldbus (2) to local input / output units (3) of a control technology, with a processor (7) and a BOOT memory ( 8), an input unit (10) and a connection unit (12, 13) to a higher-level network (20), which provides the PLC program itself or the software required for this, the central control unit (PLC), the processor ( 7) form a network-based controller NBC with the BOOT memory (8) and the connection unit (12, 13).
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der NBC eine Anzeigeeinheit (11), vorzugsweise einen Bildschirm/Flachdisplay um¬ faßt.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the NBC comprises a display unit (11), preferably a screen / flat display.
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der NBC einen HauptspeicherApparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the NBC has a main memory
(9), insbesondere ein RAM enthält.(9), in particular contains a RAM.
Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anschalteinheit ein vorzugsweise internes, digitales oder analoges Modem (12) ist. 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anschalteinheit eine Netzwerkbaugruppe (13) zur Anschaltung an ein lokales Netz (Intranet 22) ist, welche vorzugsweise mit dem Protokoll TCP oder IP arbeitet.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connection unit is a preferably internal, digital or analog modem (12). 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the connection unit is a network module (13) for connection to a local area network (intranet 22), which preferably works with the TCP or IP protocol.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere NBC an ein lokales Netzwerk (Intranet 22) angeschlossen sind.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that several NBC are connected to a local area network (intranet 22).
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der NBC eine physikalische Schnittstelle mit Zugriff auf das Internet (21) auf¬ weist.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the NBC has a physical interface with access to the Internet (21) auf¬.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der NBC über eine Kommuni¬ kationsbaugruppe (14) und einen Kommunikationsbus (30) unmittelbar mit einem weiteren NBC verbunden ist.8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the NBC is directly connected to a further NBC via a communication module (14) and a communication bus (30).
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Prozessor des NBC ein JAVA-Prozessor (7) ist.9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the processor of the NBC is a JAVA processor (7).
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zentrale Steuerungs¬ einheit (SPS) einen nichtflüchtigen Speicher (6) für das Prozeßabbild aufweist. 11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Feldbus (2) ein Inter- bus-S (PHOENIX), ein ProfiBus (SIEMENS) oder ein CAN- Bus ist.10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the central control unit (PLC) has a non-volatile memory (6) for the process image. 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the field bus (2) is an Interbus-S (PHOENIX), a ProfiBus (SIEMENS) or a CAN bus.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eingabeeinheit (10) eine PC-Eingabeeinheit wie eine Maus (10.2), ein Track¬ ball (10.3), ein Touchscreen oder eine Tastatur (10.1) oder ein elektronischer Stift ist.12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the input unit (10) is a PC input unit such as a mouse (10.2), a Track¬ ball (10.3), a touchscreen or a keyboard (10.1) or an electronic Pen is.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hardware des NBC zu einer Baueinheit (1) zusammengefaßt ist. 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the hardware of the NBC is combined into a structural unit (1).
PCT/EP1997/001967 1996-04-18 1997-04-18 Control and data processing device for an industrial installation WO1997039393A1 (en)

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