Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
  • E04B1/383—Connection of concrete parts using adhesive materials, e.g. mortar or glue
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
  • B28B19/003—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to insulating material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
  • E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
  • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
  • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
  • E04B2001/3583—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using permanent tensioning means, e.g. cables or rods, to assemble or rigidify structures (not pre- or poststressing concrete), e.g. by tying them around the structure

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a structure defining a hollow and self-supporting modular volume obtained by the juxtaposition of precast concrete panel panels, compressed together and forming a rigid and undeformable box. Depending on their position, the panels constitute walls or floors.
• These structures defining a modular volume are preferably constructed at floor level. The modular volume is assembled in the factory, completely finished outside and inside. The completed modular volumes are transported to the site for the rapid construction of buildings produced by the installation of one or more modules. A building designed and constructed using this type of concrete structure box is particularly suitable for resisting earthquakes.
• the prefabricated lightweight concrete panels are concrete panels of constant thickness.
• the present invention provides a modular volume completely completed inside and outside, factory built, which allows a considerable reduction in costs, thanks to the productivity of the production of modules in series.
• the invention advantageously combines the solidity of the concrete and the lightness of the entire volume, which is decisive for the stability of the building and the cost of transport.
• the present invention relates to a structure defining a hollow and self-supporting modular volume obtained by assembling between them prefabricated concrete panels comprising reservations for doors, windows, stairs, etc., said panels being very advantageously lightened by the digging of cells between a network of beams and / or crosspieces or ribs running through the panel.
• This network constitutes a skeleton framework of the structure, while the sleepers or ribs of each panel are connected together by a thin concrete veil on the areas delimited by the cells.
• the steels necessarily present in the concrete in order to meet the technical standards of stability are advantageously used to ensure both stability and assembly in compression of the panels.
• the steels working in tension in the ribs floors are used as tie rods to compress the vertical walls against said floor.
• the connection between the panels of the vertical walls and the panels of the floors or ceiling to obtain the modular structure is carried out by compressing the vertical walls against the edges of the floors by means of studs connected by screwing to the steel tie rods located in the floors.
• the modular structure according to the invention essentially consists of two vertical panels, the flat walls of which face towards one another, and of two horizontal panels, said horizontal panels being placed between the flat walls of said two vertical panels and being attached to said vertical panels by means of studs introduced into tubes of the vertical panels before being screwed into sockets located at the ends of the tie rods of the horizontal panels.
• the floors or the ceiling and the floor do not rest on supports made up of sills of the walls or other elements of the construction.
• the floors or the ceiling and the floor are compressed between vertical walls by studs which ensure the resumption of the shearing force and impose significant friction between the concrete walls in contact.
• a layer of adhesive or concrete extends between the contact surfaces of the panels with one another. This layer is applied in liquid form and allows, after hardening or solidification, to reduce or even eliminate the shearing forces applied to the studs.
• the structure according to the invention comprises at least four concrete panels connected two by two, each panel consisting of a rectangular or square frame formed of beams between which extend a series of crosspieces or ribs so as to define a series d cells between said sleepers or ribs or beams, said beams and said sleepers or ribs being interconnected by a concrete veil of a thickness less than 40 mm, advantageously less than 30 mm, in particular between 10 and 25 mm. This veil forms a flat wall.
• Said panels include a series of tie rods embedded in the concrete.
• Said structure is made up of:
• each horizontal panel comprising tie rods connected to threaded bushings each having a opening along a side wall of a beam, said side wall being perpendicular to the plane wall of the horizontal panel, said horizontal panels being placed between the plane walls of said two vertical panels, so that the socket openings d 'a wall of the beam of a horizontal panel are located opposite passages defined in the lower or upper beam of a vertical panel, and
• the structure comprises one or two end panels, this or these end panels making it possible to take up counter wind forces, each end panel consisting of a rectangular or square frame formed of beams, of which two vertical beams between which extend a series of sleepers or ribs so as to define a series of cells between said sleepers or ribs or beams, said beams and said sleepers or ribs being connected together by a concrete veil of a thickness less than 40 mm forming a flat wall, said panels comprising a series of tie rods embedded in the concrete and extending between a first vertical beam and a second vertical beam.
• tie rods of the or each end panel are connected to threaded bushings each having an opening along a side wall of a vertical beam, said side wall being pe ⁇ endicular to the flat wall of the panel.
• each vertical panel has at least one vertical beam extending between the lower beam and the upper beam, said vertical beam has a series of passages defined by tubes whose axis is pe ⁇ endicular to the flat wall of the vertical panel.
• each end panel is placed between the flat walls of said two vertical panels, of so that the openings of sockets of a side wall of a first vertical beam of an abutting panel are opposite to passages defined in a vertical beam of a first vertical panel, and so that the openings of sockets of a wall of the second vertical beam of an abutting panel are opposite to passages defined in a vertical beam of the second vertical panel.
• a series of at least partially threaded studs are introduced into passages of the vertical panels before being screwed into tie rod bushings of the end panel or panels. said studs compressing the flat walls of each vertical panel against a side wall of the end panel or of each end panel.
• the structure is characterized: in that the or each front panel has a lower beam and an upper beam between which extend said first and second vertical beams of the abutting panel; in that said lower and upper beams of the end panel have a series of passages defined by tubes or sockets whose axis is pe ⁇ endicular to the flat wall of the end panel; in that each horizontal panel comprises a beam having a series of passages defined by tubes or sockets whose axis is parallel to the flat wall of the horizontal panel, said horizontal panels being placed with respect to the end panel or with respect to each end panel. so that the openings of sockets or passages of a beam of a first horizontal panel are located opposite passages or sockets of the lower beam of the end panel. and in such a way that the openings of sockets or passages of a beam of the second horizontal panel are located opposite passages or sockets of the upper beam of the end panel.
• the lower horizontal panel of the structure is arranged at a level distant from the base of the vertical panels, this which results in defining a free area located under said horizontal panel and therefore under said structure. This free zone is useful for the passage of pipes and accessories necessary for the infrastructure of the building to build.
• the invention also relates to a panel for a structure according to the invention, this prefabricated panel being lightweight, having a wall is adapted to be form a floor, an inner face of a workpiece, and optionally a ceiling.
• the panel according to the invention has joists, for example made of wood, facilitating the fixing of decorative panels or exterior facade panels, and has means allowing the panels to be fixed to one another by studs.
• the panel according to the invention allows a saving in weight of 60%, or even more, relative to the weight of the solid panels, while retaining mechanical characteristics meeting technical standards.
• the concrete panel according to the invention has a flat wall and consists of a concrete assembly formed by:
• the concrete veil has a thickness of between 10 and 30 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
• each concrete cross member or rib is connected by the same tie rod to the two parallel beams between them.
• each tie rod is connected to a complementary bar by oblique bars or a zigzag-shaped bar.
• This complementary bar is parallel to the tie rod and defines therewith a vertical plane in which the oblique bars extend or by the zigzag bar.
• the panel when the concrete is not a reinforced concrete, the panel has a lattice extending in the web and in the comer braces or ribs and the beams near their first side.
• the panels intended to form vertical walls have two beams parallel to each other, each comprising a series of tubes connected together by at least one plate, said tubes extending from the first face of the beam to the second face of the beam.
• the tubes extending in a beam are interconnected by two parallel plates between them, while the plates connecting tubes between them are located along the second face of the beam.
• the plates constitute a support for the studs around the tubes, which constitutes a better distribution of the compressive forces exerted by the studs on the areas located around the tubes when two panels are attached to each other and in particular vertical panels with horizontal panels.
• concrete can be ordinary concrete, it is possible and even advantageous to use special concretes, such as concretes containing fibers, or composite concretes.
• the troughs defined between the beams and braces or ribs contain a block or plate of insulating material, while the second face of the beams is provided with a block or insulation plate extending between a joist and the block or plate of insulating material placed in a bowl.
• the beams are provided with plates of insulating material placed at the bottom of the casting, that is to say on the face opposite to the plain face constituted by the thin concrete veil.
• the insulating material is an expanded material, in particular a closed cell foam, in particular with a density less than 1.
• the insulating material consists of polystyrene foam, polyurethane, recycled material, etc.
• the joists advantageously made of wood preferably have a dovetail tenon directed towards the first face of the beam or a crosspiece. This post is actually embedded in the concrete forming either a beam or a crosspiece or rib.
• the bowls defined between the beams and crosspieces or ribs contain a block of insulating material, while the second face of the beams is provided with a block of insulating material extending between a joist and the block placed in a bowl.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a panel according to the invention.
• a mold is used having a bottom and side walls defining with the bottom a bowl.
• the bottom of the mold is covered with a membrane (preferably honeycomb or other) ensuring air circulation between the panel once cast and the bottom of the mold, this membrane can advantageously be drawn or marked to increase the speed of installation elements forming the panel;
• joists and blocks or plates of rigid insulating material for example of density less than 1.2
• rigid insulating material for example of density less than 1.2
• joists are laid to define the bottoms of the casting channels of the sleepers or ribs;
• blocks of insulating material which has a thickness at least greater (for example two times greater) than the thickness of the sleeper of the crosspieces are placed on the membrane between the main casting channels of the beams and of the ribs and crosspieces ribs; * optionally (in particular in the case of vertical panels), a series of tubes connected together by one or two plates are placed on the bottom of each of the two main channels, the tubes extending from bottom to top in said channels from their background;
• a tie rod or tie rods fitted with one or more threaded bushes are introduced into the transverse channels or just above the transverse channels, pins are introduced into holes which have the side walls of the mold, and said studs are screwed in the bushings of the tie rods to hold the tie rods in place and so that the bushings are each applied against a lateral wall of the mold, said holes in the mold wall advantageously making it possible to position the bushings of the tie rods in their exact location for the purpose of assembly of panels;
• structures comprising a tie rod, a bar parallel to said tie rod and oblique bars or a zigzag bar connecting the tie rod to the parallel bar, and at least partially a structure is placed in a transverse channel, preferably in each transverse channel.
• a quantity of concrete is poured sufficient to obtain a concrete veil formed above the blocks having a thickness of between 10 and 30 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
• a trellis is placed so that it rests on tie rods or structural bars.
• FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a structure according to the invention
• - Figure 2 is a view of the vertical panel of the structure of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the ceiling panel of the structure of Figure 1;
• Figure 4 is a view of the end panel of the structure of Figure 1;
• FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view along the line V-V of Figure 1;
• - Figure 6 is a partial sectional view along line VI-VI of Figure 1;
• FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view along line VII-VII;
• FIG. 8 is a partial view in cross section along the line VIII-VIII;
• FIG. 9 is a partial view in cross section along the line IX-IX;
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of a vertical panel according to the invention
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view with cutaway of
• the structure of Figure 1 has six panels, namely two vertical panels 100, 101; two horizontal panels 102, 103, and two end panels 104, 105. These panels are made of concrete. Each panel consists of a rectangular or square frame formed by beams 4A.4B.4C, 4D. Between two opposite beams 4A.4B extend a series of sleepers or ribs 9 so as to define a series of cells 15 between said sleepers or ribs or beams, said beams and said sleepers or ribs being connected together by a web of concrete 14 with a thickness of less than 40 mm forming a flat wall 2, said panels comprising a series of tie rods 19 embedded in the concrete.
• Said structure is made up of:
• each horizontal panel 102, 103 comprising tie rods 19 connected to threaded bushes 20 each having an opening along a side wall of a beam 4A, 4B, said side wall being pe ⁇ endicular to the wall plane 2 of the horizontal panel.
• said horizontal panels being placed between the flat walls 2 of said two vertical panels 100, 101. so that the bushing openings 20 of a wall of the beam of a horizontal panel are located opposite passages defined by tubes 23 in the lower beam 4B or upper 4A of a vertical panel.
• each front panel being comprised of a rectangular or square frame formed two vertical beams 4C.4D and lower beams 4B and 4A above. between the two vertical beams 4C.4D extend a series of sleepers or ribs 9 so as to define a series of cells 15 between said sleepers or ribs or beams, said beams and said sleepers or ribs being connected together by a web of concrete 14 with a thickness of 20 to 25 mm forming a flat wall 2, said panels comprising a series of tie rods 19 embedded in the concrete and extending between a first vertical beam 4 A and a second vertical beam 4B; the tie rods of each end panel are connected to threaded bushings 20 each having an opening along a side wall of a vertical beam, said side wall being pe ⁇ endicular to the flat wall of the end panel.
• Each vertical panel 100, 101 has two vertical beams 4D, 4C extending between the lower beam 4B and the upper beam 4 A, said vertical beam have a series of passages defined by tubes 23 A whose axis is pe ⁇ endicular to the flat wall of the vertical panel.
• Each end panel 104, 105 is placed between the flat walls 2 of said two vertical panels 100, 101, so that the socket openings 20 of a side wall of a first vertical beam of an end panel are located opposite passages defined in a vertical beam 4C, 4D of a first vertical panel, and so that the socket openings 20 of a wall of the second vertical beam of an end panel are in look of passages defined in a vertical beam of the second vertical panel.
• a series of at least partially threaded studs 106 are introduced into passages 23 to vertical panels 100, 101 before being screwed into sockets 20 of tie rods 19 of the end panels, said studs compressing the flat walls of each vertical panel against a side wall of each end panel.
• the lower beams 4 A and upper 4B of the end panel have a series of passages 23 B defined by tubes or sockets whose axis is pe ⁇ endicular to the flat wall 2 of the end panel.
• Each horizontal panel 102.103 has two beams 4C, 4D extending between the vertical panels.
• Said beams have a series of passages 23C defined by tubes or sockets whose axis is parallel to the flat wall of the horizontal panel.
• Said horizontal panels 102, 103 are placed relative to each end panel.
• a layer of glue or concrete extends between the contact surfaces of the panels with one another.
• the horizontal panels are compressed between the vertical panels by the studs 106 and do not rest by gravity on supports.
• the studs 106 ensure the resumption of the shearing force, and cause significant friction between the concrete walls in contact. The studs are therefore subjected to a shearing force, which force is reduced by the use of the adhesive layer.
• the studs 106 provide traction in the tie rods.
• the horizontal crosspieces or ribs 108 of the vertical panels make it possible to serve as a support for the installation of windows, said crosspieces and ribs being able to advantageously draw or represent the perimeter of a reservation or other opening.
• the tie rod 19 is located in the vicinity of the joist 21 of the crosspieces or ribs. In vertical panels, the tie rods are located in the middle of the ribs 9. For horizontal panels whose flat wall is used as a ceiling, the tie rods are close to the flat wall.
• the total thickness of the panels is variable.
• the thickness of the horizontal panels thickness of the veil + height of the rib
• the thickness of the vertical panels and the end panels is greater than that of the vertical panels and the end panels.
• the structure has on its upper part a series of openings 22 of sockets for tie rods of the vertical panels. These sockets can be used to fix anchor points or lifting rings 107. This facilitates the movement of the structures.
• the bottom of the vertical panels 100, 101 of the structure advantageously rests on a leveling system 110.
• a foot provided with a rod screwed into the tie sleeve, the screwing more or less important of the rod allowing to adjust the position of the foot.
• Such a system can also be used for anchoring two structures according to the invention one above the other.
• the concrete panel 1 used in the structure shown in FIG. 1 is advantageously a panel having a flat wall 2 and side walls 3.
• This panel 1 consists of: * four main beams forming a frame and each having a first face 5 forming a part of the flat wall 2 of the panel 1, a second face 6 opposite the first face 5, an inner side face 7 facing the other beam 4. and an outer side face 8 which is opposite the inner side face 7; * a series of crossbeams or ribs 9 of concrete extending between the beams 4 and each having a first face 10 forming a part of the plane wall 2 of the panel, a second face 11 opposite to the first face 10, a lateral face 12 facing an adjacent cross member or rib 9, and a face 13 opposite to said lateral face 12;
• the beams 4C, 4D each have a series of tubes 23 connected together by two plates 24 parallel to each other, said tubes 23 extending from the first face 5 of the beam (aperture 25 of the tube) to the second face 6 of the beam, said dishes being located along the second face 6 of the beam.
• the beams 4C, 4D each comprise a series of tubes 23 interconnected by two plates 24 parallel to each other. The axis of said tubes is parallel to the planar wall 2 of the panel.
• the lower and upper beams each comprise a series of tubes 23 connected to each other by two plates 24 parallel to each other. whose axis is pe ⁇ endicular to the flat wall 2 of the panel, while the vertical beams 4C, 4D each comprise a series of tubes 23 connected to each other by two flat 24 parallel to each other, whose axis is parallel to the flat wall 2 of the panel.
• the height of the vertical panel 100.101 corresponds to the height of the end panel 104.105
• the width of the vertical panel corresponds to the sum of the thicknesses of the end panels and the length of a horizontal panel.
• the widths of the horizontal panels and the end panels are identical.
• the tie rods 19 are each connected to a complementary bar 26 by oblique bars or a zigzag-shaped bar 27.
• the joists 21 and 18 are made of wood and have a tenon 28 in dovetail directed towards the first face of the beam 4 or of a cross member or rib 9. This makes it possible to ensure excellent fixing of the joists to the concrete.
• the concrete sleepers or ribs 9 are parallel to each other and extend pe ⁇ endicular to the axial direction of two beams, sleepers or ribs could have intersected or intersected so as to allow to resume efforts in different directions.
• the panel comprises a trellis 29 extending in the web 14, as well as in the sleepers or ribs 9 and the beams 4 in the vicinity of their first face.
• the beams 4 are advantageously covered with a rigid plate of insulating material 30, so that the face of the panel 1 opposite to the face 2 of the panel consists of insulating material and wooden joists.
• the insulating material is a rigid expanded material with closed cells, in particular with a density less than 1.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a panel according to the invention, in which concrete is poured into a mold 200 having a bottom 201 and side walls 202 defining with the bottom 201 a bowl.
• the side walls have a series of openings 203.
• the bottom of the mold is covered with a membrane, preferably honeycombed, 300 ensuring air circulation between the panel once cast and the bottom of the mold, this membrane ensuring the presence of a quantity of air distributed under the panel once the concrete has been poured, said membrane being able advantageously to receive by graphic process all of the constructions and the layout of the elements which should constitute the panel;
• joists are placed on the membrane 18 and blocks or plates 30 of rigid insulating material (for example of density less than 1.2), at least of thickness less than or equivalent to the thickness of the joists so as to define the bottoms of two main channels 204 for the casting of two first beams 4 parallel to one another, and joists 21 are laid to define the bottoms of the channels 205 for casting sleepers or ribs 9;
• rigid insulating material for example of density less than 1.2
• a tie rod 19 provided at its ends with one or more threaded bushes 22 is introduced into the transverse channels 205 or just above the transverse channels, and studs 106 are introduced into holes 203 which have the side walls 202, and said studs 106 are screwed into the sockets 22 of the tie rods 19 to hold the tie rods 19 in place and so that the sockets 22 are each applied against a side wall 202 of the mold;
• Concrete is poured into the main channels 204 and the transverse channels 205 , as well as above the blocks 30 of insulating material, the quantity of concrete poured being such that the thickness of the veil 14 of concrete formed above the blocks 30 is less than 40 mm, for example from 20 to 25 mm;
• structures comprising a tie rod 19. a bar 26 parallel to said tie rod and oblique bars 27 or a zigzag bar connecting the tie rod to the parallel bar, and at least partially a structure is placed in each transverse channel. 205.
• a mesh is placed 29 that it bears on the tie rods or bars structures, said mesh extending above the insulating blocks 17, preferably by not touching them.
• Lattice structures or beams are for example formed by concrete bars parallel to each other. connected at regular intervals by oblique struts.
• the studs 106 are removed and attachment means are introduced into tubes 23. These attachment means are then connected to a lifting means which, thanks to the membrane 300, allows demolding without risk of breakage of the thin veil 14.
• the rigid insulating blocks are slightly compressed and therefore adhere firmly to concrete. If necessary, it is possible to remove part or all of the insulating blocks, for example by milling.
• a trailer or semi-trailer Transporting the structure to the construction site of the building, a trailer or semi-trailer is advantageously used.
• the structure is provided on its lower part with a cradle consisting of two cross beams (each attached directly to sockets 22 below the vertical main panels), a first beam resting directly on the transport plate, while the second beam rests on the transport plate by means of a separate support, which support allows the pivoting of the pe ⁇ endicular beam to the first beam and in a plane parallel to the transport plate.
• This arrangement eliminates the twisting forces that could be caused by the transport tray.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
• On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)

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Cited By (5)

Citations (7)

• 1996
  • 1996-04-05 BE BE9600290A patent/BE1010092A6/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1997
  • 1997-04-04 WO PCT/BE1997/000041 patent/WO1997038179A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1997-04-04 EP EP97916276A patent/EP0891458B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-04-04 DE DE69703881T patent/DE69703881D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (7)

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