WO1997031289A1 - Appareil et procede de regulation de la reponse spectrale d'un reseau de bragg a guide d'ondes - Google Patents

Appareil et procede de regulation de la reponse spectrale d'un reseau de bragg a guide d'ondes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997031289A1
WO1997031289A1 PCT/CA1996/000106 CA9600106W WO9731289A1 WO 1997031289 A1 WO1997031289 A1 WO 1997031289A1 CA 9600106 W CA9600106 W CA 9600106W WO 9731289 A1 WO9731289 A1 WO 9731289A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grating
bragg grating
guided
controlling
intrinsic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA1996/000106
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tino Alavie
Michel Joseph Leblanc
Shangynan Huang
Robert Maaskant
Raymond Massey Measures
Myo Myint Ohn
Original Assignee
Electrophotonics Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electrophotonics Corporation filed Critical Electrophotonics Corporation
Priority to PCT/CA1996/000106 priority Critical patent/WO1997031289A1/fr
Priority to AU47788/96A priority patent/AU4778896A/en
Publication of WO1997031289A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997031289A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0128—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects
    • G02F1/0131—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence
    • G02F1/0134—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence in optical waveguides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02195—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating
    • G02B6/022—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02195—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating
    • G02B6/02204—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating using thermal effects, e.g. heating or cooling of a temperature sensitive mounting body
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on thermo-optic effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/30—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 grating
    • G02F2201/307—Reflective grating, i.e. Bragg grating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to method and apparatus for the control of the properties of a guided-wave Bragg grating through the imposition of an intra-grating strain distribution.
  • the present invention relates to the broad use of guided wave Bragg
  • gratings and in particular fiber optic intracore Bragg gratings have been employed as narrow band optical filters and mirrors in the fiber optic field since their invention. Their use was greatly accelerated by improved methods of fabrication based on transverse holographic illumination.
  • the sensitivity of the reflective spectrum centre wavelength of the intracore Bragg gratings to the strain and thermal environment to which they are subjected has made them very popular as sensors and as tuning elements for fiber and diode lasers. Chi ⁇ ed gratings have been shown to compensate for the dispersion
  • the wavelength of peak reflection for a Bragg grating can be shifted
  • the grating is subject to a strain or temperature gradient the modulation period of the index of refraction and the mean index of refraction becomes a function of position along the grating.
  • This chirp in the grating leads to both a shift and a broadening of the reflective spectrum of the grating.
  • This chirp of the grating also means that the different wavelength components of an incident light pulse are reflected from different locations along the grating.
  • An appropriately chirped grating can therefore compensate for dispersion suffered by a short duration light pulse that has propagated a certain length of an optical fiber.
  • the present invention involves the imposition of a precise strain distribution along the length of a Bragg grating in order to accurately control its properties. This allows the grating centre wavelength to be tuned over a wide spectral range, and ;.- spectral distribution to be accurately tailored.
  • the grating can thus serve as a narrow band tunable filter or mirror with an adjustable bandwidth.
  • This form of controlled Bragg grating can be applied to laser tuning, laser mode locking or optical dispersion compensation and has broad
  • the method and apparatus forming the present invention allows rapid imposition of a precise intra-grating strain distribution in order to accurately
  • the invention has a compact and durable form that allows the characteristics of the Bragg grating, such as centre wavelength, spectral shape or dispersion compensation characteristics to be quickly changed or precisely maintained.
  • the applications for this invention include an intrinsic optical fiber dispersion compensation device with no wavelength shift, an intrinsic optical fiber dispersion compensation device with an adjustable wavelength shift, an in-line fiber optic spectral filter that can be tuned and have
  • One method involves the use of a set of independently contr lled transducer elements that are distnaded along the length of the grating This gives the greatest versatility in terms of control Examples of possible transducer elements are: piezoelectric, electrostnctive, magnetost ⁇ ctive, shape memory alloy, or thermo-elect ⁇ c actuators
  • the second method relies on embedding, or attaching, the grating to a small structural element in a manner that permits a precise strain distribution to be imposed on the grating by means of bending, twisting or tensing (or a combination thereof) the element.
  • a Bragg grating is embedded within, or attached to, a structural element that is strained by means o a set of transducer elements in the form of a segmented piezoelectric stack that can be selectively excited at a number of positions along the length of the grating.
  • This segmented piezoelectric stack can be used to impose a precise
  • This invention permits tuning of the centre wavelength of the grating and/or controlling its spectral profile.
  • This invention allows, for example, an appropriate chirp to be imposed on a fiber optic intracore Bragg grating such that it can be used to compensate for the dispersion experienced by short optical pulses traversing an arbitrary length of optical fiber without shifting the centre wavelength of the grating.
  • the centre wavelength of the grating can be shifted to any desired value. This can be applied to alter the spectral profile of gratings chirped at fabrication and gratings which have not been chirped at fabrication.
  • a Bragg grating is embedded within a specially shaped cantilever beam that subjects the grating to near linear strain gradients when the tip of the beam is deflected.
  • the strain gradient can be tailored so as to provide dispersion compensation with or without a shift
  • the precise tailoring of the strain field in the grating is controlled by the shape of the beam, the external load or deformation imposed on it, and the specific location and geometry of the grating attachment to the beam.
  • Figure 1 is a set of six reflective spectra for a fiber optic intracore Bragg grating operating at the six temperatures shown;
  • Figurer 2 is a set of eight experimental and calculated reflective spectra for a fiber optic intracore Bragg grating subject to the eight strain gradients displayed in FIG 3(a);
  • Figure 3(a) is a set of eight strain gradients calculated from the corresponding deflections of the specially shaped cantilever beam shown in FIG. 3(b);
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a grating attached to a beam in such a way that independent control of an imposed chirp and wavelength shift
  • Figure 5(a) is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the
  • Figure 5(b) is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrating the mounting of an fiber optic intracore Bragg grating to the exterior of a piezoelectric stack with quasi-distributed voltage control;
  • Figure 6 is a series of plots of reflection spectra from a fiber optic Bragg grating subjected to various strain profiles: (a) uniform strain profile, (b) strain increasing in uniform steps along the length of the grating, (c) square wave
  • the present invention involves the following novel features:
  • the grating is subject to a strain that is uniform along its length, or a change in temperature, its Bragg ⁇ centre ⁇ wavelength will shift by an amount that is proportional to the strain or change in the temperature.
  • An example of the shift 0 in the Bragg wavelength as the temperature is increased is presented as Figure
  • strain is not uniform along the length of the grating its influence can be determined by representing the grating by a set of small Bragg grating elements each of which can be assumed to have a uniform strain along its length. Each grating element, however, is subject to a slightly different strain from its 5 neighbour.
  • a transfer matrix formulation based on coupled-mode theory has been used to treat the interaction of the optical field with each grating element and evaluate the change in the properties of the total grating subject to specific forms of strain distribution.
  • An example of the change in the reflective spectrum Q of a fiber optic intracore Bragg grating subject to an increasing ⁇ approximately linear ⁇ strain gradient is presented as Figure 2.
  • the index modulation of the grating was taken to be roughly a Gaussian function of the axial position about the centre of the grating.
  • the predicted reflective spectrum of the grating, shown at 20 is progressively broadened with increasing strain gradient, a result that is in close agreement with experimental reflective spectra that are shown at 22 in Figure 2.
  • the invention involves both a method and an apparatus for controlling the strain distribution of a guided-wave Bragg grating in order to tailor its spectral properties. Of particular importance are the centre wavelength and chirp of its reflective and transmissive properties. 15 In one embodiment of the invention ( Figure 4) a fiber optic intracore
  • Bragg grating 30 is embedded within a specially shaped support structure 32 that imposes a precise strain distribution on the grating through: bending,
  • a cantilever beam that is subject to simple deflection of its tip is one of the simplest forms of grating controlling 5 structures.
  • a fiber optic intracore Bragg grating 40 is either embedded within ( Figure 5(a)), or attached to the exterior of ( Figure 5(b)), a segmented piezoelectric stack 42, the elements 44 of which can be selectively excited at a number of positions along its length.
  • This segmented piezoelectric stack 42 can thus be used to tune the centre wavelength of the grating or control the grating profile so as to broaden its reflective spectrum and compensate for a broad range of Q dispersion.
  • This device can also be used to alter the shape of the reflective and transmissive spectra so as to produce a desired spectral filter as is illustrated in
  • the grating can also be mounted on some other structural element that is strained by a segmented piezoelectric stack. It is also possible to use in place of the segmented piezoelectric stack a set of other independently controlled transducer elements, such as: electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, shape memory alloy, or thermo-electric

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil destinés à réguler la réponse spectrale d'un réseau de Bragg à guide d'ondes optique (30, 40) par régulation de la répartition des contraintes ou répartition de la température régnant le long du réseau. Le gradiant de contrainte précis est, par exemple, produit par un ensemble de transducteurs (44) commandés indépendamment, tels que des actionneurs piézoélectriques, magnétostrictifs, thermoélectriques répartis sur la longueur du réseau. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le réseau de Bragg (33) est lié à une barre en porte à faux (32) ou logé dans celle-ci, laquelle est soumise à un cintrage, une torsion ou une tension. Les réseaux de Bragg à guides d'ondes régulés selon l'invention peuvent être utilisés pour compenser la dispersion subie par de courtes impulsions optiques à mesure qu'elles se propagent le long d'une fibre optique. Ils peuvent être syntonisés et modulés sur une large gamme spectrale avec ou sans décalage dans la longueur d'onde centrale du réseau. De plus, ils peuvent être utilisés pour produire divers filtres spectraux.
PCT/CA1996/000106 1996-02-23 1996-02-23 Appareil et procede de regulation de la reponse spectrale d'un reseau de bragg a guide d'ondes WO1997031289A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA1996/000106 WO1997031289A1 (fr) 1996-02-23 1996-02-23 Appareil et procede de regulation de la reponse spectrale d'un reseau de bragg a guide d'ondes
AU47788/96A AU4778896A (en) 1996-02-23 1996-02-23 Apparatus and method for controlling the spectral response of a waveguide bragg grating

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA1996/000106 WO1997031289A1 (fr) 1996-02-23 1996-02-23 Appareil et procede de regulation de la reponse spectrale d'un reseau de bragg a guide d'ondes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997031289A1 true WO1997031289A1 (fr) 1997-08-28

Family

ID=4173138

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA1996/000106 WO1997031289A1 (fr) 1996-02-23 1996-02-23 Appareil et procede de regulation de la reponse spectrale d'un reseau de bragg a guide d'ondes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4778896A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997031289A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0989437A1 (fr) * 1998-09-23 2000-03-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Dispositif optique de guide d'ondes avec reseau à periode modulée accordable
EP1134608A1 (fr) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-19 Lucent Technologies Inc. Noeud d' extraction possédant une fonction optique d' extraction et de continuité pour un réseau de transmission optique
WO2002059678A2 (fr) * 2000-12-20 2002-08-01 Harris Corporation Reseau optique reconfigurable a systeme micro-electromecanique
US6525870B1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-02-25 Ciena Corporation Method and system for controlling Raman gain flatness sensitivity to pump laser wavelength variation
US6760519B2 (en) 2001-06-28 2004-07-06 Corning Incorporated Optical device for compensating chromatic dispersion
US20120082182A1 (en) * 2009-06-08 2012-04-05 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Integration of an optical waveguide of a sensor into a component

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0356056A1 (fr) * 1988-08-16 1990-02-28 Gec-Marconi Limited Modulateur optique de phase
US5007705A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-04-16 United Technologies Corporation Variable optical fiber Bragg filter arrangement
WO1995030926A1 (fr) * 1994-05-06 1995-11-16 The University Of Sydney Dispositif dont on peut faire varier les proprietes de transmission de la lumiere

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0356056A1 (fr) * 1988-08-16 1990-02-28 Gec-Marconi Limited Modulateur optique de phase
US5007705A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-04-16 United Technologies Corporation Variable optical fiber Bragg filter arrangement
WO1995030926A1 (fr) * 1994-05-06 1995-11-16 The University Of Sydney Dispositif dont on peut faire varier les proprietes de transmission de la lumiere

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HILL K O ET AL: "Variable-spectral-response optical waveguide Bragg grating filters for optical signal processing", OPTICS LETTERS, 15 JUNE 1995, USA, vol. 20, no. 12, ISSN 0146-9592, pages 1438 - 1440, XP000509292 *
LAUZON J ET AL: "Implementation and characterization of fiber Bragg gratings linearly chirped by a temperature gradient", OPTICS LETTERS, 1 DEC. 1994, USA, vol. 19, no. 23, ISSN 0146-9592, pages 2027 - 2029, XP000484587 *
MEASURES R M ET AL: "Controlled grating chirp for variable optical dispersion compensation", PROCEEDINGS OF 13TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON EUROPEAN FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, BRIGHTON, UK, 27-30 JUNE 1995, ISBN 3-905084-38-4, 1995, BASEL, SWITZERLAND, pages 38 - 41 vol.3, XP000607525 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0989437A1 (fr) * 1998-09-23 2000-03-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Dispositif optique de guide d'ondes avec reseau à periode modulée accordable
EP1134608A1 (fr) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-19 Lucent Technologies Inc. Noeud d' extraction possédant une fonction optique d' extraction et de continuité pour un réseau de transmission optique
WO2002059678A2 (fr) * 2000-12-20 2002-08-01 Harris Corporation Reseau optique reconfigurable a systeme micro-electromecanique
WO2002059678A3 (fr) * 2000-12-20 2003-06-05 Harris Corp Reseau optique reconfigurable a systeme micro-electromecanique
US6628851B1 (en) 2000-12-20 2003-09-30 Harris Corporation MEMS reconfigurable optical grating
US6760519B2 (en) 2001-06-28 2004-07-06 Corning Incorporated Optical device for compensating chromatic dispersion
US6525870B1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-02-25 Ciena Corporation Method and system for controlling Raman gain flatness sensitivity to pump laser wavelength variation
US20120082182A1 (en) * 2009-06-08 2012-04-05 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Integration of an optical waveguide of a sensor into a component

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4778896A (en) 1997-09-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5694501A (en) Apparatus and method of bragg intra-grating strain control
JP3776930B2 (ja) 圧縮により波長可変としたファイバグレーティング
EP0826161B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un reseau de diffraction de guide d'ondes optiques
Mohammad et al. Analysis and development of a tunable fiber Bragg grating filter based on axial tension/compression
US6169829B1 (en) Chirped optical fibre grating
US6360042B1 (en) Tunable optical fiber gratings device
Hill et al. Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview
EP0924546B1 (fr) Agencement de filtre de Bragg à fibre optique variable
US6408117B1 (en) Mechanically induced long period optical fiber gratings
US6832023B1 (en) Optical fiber gratings with azimuthal refractive index perturbation, method of fabrication, and devices for tuning, attenuating, switching, and modulating optical signals
EP0985941B1 (fr) Réseau de fibre optique reconfigurable avec une gaine ayant une sensibilité accrue à la temperature
US7801403B2 (en) Optical fiber grating tuning device and optical systems employing same
CA2665333A1 (fr) Procede de filtrage de signaux optiques avec un dispositif optique accordable de guide d'ondes capillaire
Yang et al. Multiwavelength tunable fiber ring laser based on sampled chirp fiber Bragg grating
EP0867736A2 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour accorder la longueur d'ondes et la bande passante d'un réseau de diffraction optique
WO1997031289A1 (fr) Appareil et procede de regulation de la reponse spectrale d'un reseau de bragg a guide d'ondes
US7133582B1 (en) Fiber-optic filter with tunable grating
US6757462B2 (en) Bragg grating filter optical waveguide device
US6788851B1 (en) Apparatus and method for adjusting the spectral response of an optical waveguide grating
RU2234723C2 (ru) Способ спектрально-селективного преобразования мод оптического излучения в волноводе и устройство для его реализации
Markowski et al. Custom FBGs inscription using modified phase mask method with precise micro-and nano-positioning
US6658171B2 (en) Optical fiber bragg grating polarizer
JP2004191509A (ja) 光ファイバおよび分散補償器
CA2221167C (fr) Reseau de diffraction de guide d'ondes optiques
Zou et al. Polymer Bragg gratings for telecom applications

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU BR CN JP MX

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

Ref document number: 97529671

Format of ref document f/p: F

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase