WO1997030233A1 - System for non-potable water reuse - Google Patents

System for non-potable water reuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997030233A1
WO1997030233A1 PCT/GB1997/000427 GB9700427W WO9730233A1 WO 1997030233 A1 WO1997030233 A1 WO 1997030233A1 GB 9700427 W GB9700427 W GB 9700427W WO 9730233 A1 WO9730233 A1 WO 9730233A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
grey water
grey
storage tank
tank
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1997/000427
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Edwin William John Murrer
Original Assignee
Aw Creative Technologies Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aw Creative Technologies Limited filed Critical Aw Creative Technologies Limited
Priority to AU18028/97A priority Critical patent/AU1802897A/en
Publication of WO1997030233A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997030233A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
    • E03B1/04—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B1/00—Methods or layout of installations for water supply
    • E03B1/04—Methods or layout of installations for water supply for domestic or like local supply
    • E03B1/041—Greywater supply systems
    • E03B2001/045—Greywater supply systems using household water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/30—Relating to industrial water supply, e.g. used for cooling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a residential water system adapted to the reuse of non-potable water.
  • Grey water is a term used to describe domestic water that has been used in the home for light cleaning duties. Examples are bath water, shower water, hand basin water and washing machine water. Various proposals have been made for the reuse of grey water, in an effort to reduce domestic water consumption.
  • a domestic grey water reuse system is described by Hypes, in Individual Wastewater Systems, pages 209-228 (1979) .
  • This article proposes the reuse of bath and laundry water for toilet flushing, and illustrates a system comprising a collection tank for the grey water; a filter for treating the collected grey water; a storage tank for the treated grey water, which holds water for the toilet cisterns; and a pump for pumping grey water from the collection tank along a line to the treatment means and to the storage tank.
  • This invention is based in part on a statistical analysis of domestic water consumption, showing that 30-35% is used for toilet flushing, and that sufficient grey water (typically 42%) is normally produced to meet this demand.
  • Another basis of the present invention is that membrane separators can be used to treat grey water effectively, under low operating pressures. Accordingly, in one aspect of a residential water system of this invention, a system of the type described by Hypes, and as summarised above, is modified by using a separator, e.g. a membrane separator, to treat the collected grey water, the separator having an outlet for clean water leading to the storage tank, and also an outlet for concentrated grey water leading back to the collection tank.
  • a separator e.g. a membrane separator
  • the pump that is used to drive the grey water from the collection tank to the toilet cisterns can be used to operate the membrane separator. It can also be used to drive the treated water to or from the storage tank.
  • An additional advantage of the present invention is that it can simply be adapted to use cheap rate electricity, if available.
  • grey water is obtained for use in an analogous system, as the treated component of the residential waste water, following sludge removal. Following further separation, a non-potable water supply is obtained that can satisfactorily be used in the system, e.g. for toilets or for garden use. The concentrated grey water can be recycled.
  • This second aspect of the invention may be preferred for use with a number of residences, e.g. in a housing development, from which effluent discharges to a common sewer.
  • the first aspect may be preferred within a single residential unit, e.g. house, hotel or apartment block, so that the concentrated grey water and also the effluent discharge to the sewer.
  • the amount of grey water obtained by separation can be more than sufficient for toilet flushing. Any excess can be discharged. It is also a simple matter to provide means for topping up the storage tank, from the potable supply, if for any reason the amount required from the non-potable supply exceeds the amount produced in the system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a domestic grey water treatment system embodying the first aspect of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, installed in a house;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of part of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the second aspect of this invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows, inter alia , a grey water collection tank 10.
  • This tank collects water from various units in the residential water system other than toilets and usually also dishwashers, via one or more inlets (not shown) .
  • Water from this tank is passed, on demand, by means of a pump 11, through a filter 12 with a granular medium, e.g. sand, preferably having a diameter of 0.2-2 mm or an absolute filtration rating of 1-25 ⁇ m, to a membrane separator 13 installed in a pressure tube.
  • the membrane separator has two outlets.
  • One outlet 14 is for a concentrate steam, by means of which concentrated grey water is returned, e.g. to the grey water storage tank.
  • Another outlet 15 is for a permeate stream, by means of which treated water passes to a storage tank 16.
  • the collection tank 10 (suitably situated below ground) collects grey water from the bath, shower and handbasins.
  • the grey water is pumped, by means of the pump 11, through the treatment system, so that cleaned water passes to the storage tank 16 that provides a supply to toilet cisterns.
  • the treated water is suitably provided in the loft of a house or otherwise at the top of a building.
  • the storage tank 16 (or a pressure vessel) is provided below ground.
  • a pump 17 provides a direct feed to toilet cisterns.
  • the pump 11 In a domestic environment, where cheaper electricity is available at night, the pump 11 at least can be operated during this period.
  • the pump 11 In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the pump
  • Fig. 1 also shows a preferred aspect of the invention, i.e. a chamber 18.
  • This chamber is provided for collecting a minor proportion of the cleaned water, to give backwash storage capacity.
  • This cleaned water preferably has constant residual disinfectant.
  • the water in the chamber 18 is allowed to pass under gravity via the (dotted) line 19 to backwash the filter 12; this backwash stream passes eventually to the sewer via an outlet 20.
  • Both the collection tank 10 and the storage tank 16 have overflows (not shown) direct to waste.
  • the treated water storage tank 16 is connected to a mains feed (not shown) , suitably via a low level ball valve, to ensure a supply at times when the membrane separator unit 13 is switched off, or if for any reason there is insufficient grey water to provide toilet flushing.
  • Fig. 1 Aspects shown schematically in Fig. 1 are shown in Fig. 2 in greater detail. The same reference numerals are used to indicate corresponding components.
  • Fig. 1 Aspects shown schematically in Fig. 1 are shown in Fig. 2 in greater detail. The same reference numerals are used to indicate corresponding components.
  • FIG. 2 also shows domestic units including a bath 21, basins 22 (upstairs and downstairs) , toilets 23 (upstairs and downstairs) and a washing machine 24, as well as a conventional cold water storage tank 25, a grey water manhole 26, a foul water manhole 27 and a conduit 28 leading to the sewer.
  • Fig. 4 shows a house 30 representing a residential development. Outlets from this development comprise a sewer 31 and a rainwater run-off 32. The rainwater passes to a rainwater collection tank 33 including a discharge outlet 34 to a river 35.
  • the sewer 31 e.g. having a capacity of 35 m /d
  • a septic tank 36 e.g. having a capacity of 20 m
  • An outlet line from the septic tank comprises a screenings removal unit 37, a pump 38, e.g. having a capacity of 35-210 m /d, and a "black box" 39 for the biological treatment of sewage and the separation of sludge via a sludge recycle line 40.
  • Grey water separated from the black box 39 passes via a line 41 to an interstage buffer tank, i.e. a grey water collection tank 42.
  • the tank 42 has an outlet 43 to the rainwater collection tank 33 and also an outlet to a high pressure pump 44 leading to a "grey box” 45 where the grey water is separated into wash water and permeate.
  • the wash water is recycled to the septic tank 36 via a line 46, and the permeate passes to a storage or buffer tank 47, e.g. having a capacity of 36 m , intended to provided a predicted maximum of 10 1/s.
  • the buffer tank 47 can be topped up, on demand, from a potable water supply 48, e.g. at up to 10 1/s, via a solenoid valve 49 connected to a level probe.
  • the buffer tank has an outlet 50 to the rainwater collection tank 33 and also an outlet to a pumphouse 51 having, for example, a maximum capacity of 10 1/s at 1 bar.
  • Pumps 52 in the pumphouse 51 are used to provide a source of non-potable water via a line 53 to the development.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)

Abstract

A residential water treatment system adapted to the reuse of grey water, the system comprising: a collection tank (10) for the grey water; a grey water separator (13), with outlets (14, 15) for concentrated grey water and for treated grey water; a storage tank (16) for the treated grey water, with an outlet for a supply of non-potable water; and a pump (11) for pumping grey water from the collection tank along a line to the separator and to the storage tank.

Description

SYSTEM FOR NON-POTABLE WATER REUSE Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a residential water system adapted to the reuse of non-potable water. Background of the Invention
Grey water is a term used to describe domestic water that has been used in the home for light cleaning duties. Examples are bath water, shower water, hand basin water and washing machine water. Various proposals have been made for the reuse of grey water, in an effort to reduce domestic water consumption.
A domestic grey water reuse system is described by Hypes, in Individual Wastewater Systems, pages 209-228 (1979) . This article proposes the reuse of bath and laundry water for toilet flushing, and illustrates a system comprising a collection tank for the grey water; a filter for treating the collected grey water; a storage tank for the treated grey water, which holds water for the toilet cisterns; and a pump for pumping grey water from the collection tank along a line to the treatment means and to the storage tank. Summary of the Invention
This invention is based in part on a statistical analysis of domestic water consumption, showing that 30-35% is used for toilet flushing, and that sufficient grey water (typically 42%) is normally produced to meet this demand. Another basis of the present invention is that membrane separators can be used to treat grey water effectively, under low operating pressures. Accordingly, in one aspect of a residential water system of this invention, a system of the type described by Hypes, and as summarised above, is modified by using a separator, e.g. a membrane separator, to treat the collected grey water, the separator having an outlet for clean water leading to the storage tank, and also an outlet for concentrated grey water leading back to the collection tank. The pump that is used to drive the grey water from the collection tank to the toilet cisterns can be used to operate the membrane separator. It can also be used to drive the treated water to or from the storage tank. An additional advantage of the present invention is that it can simply be adapted to use cheap rate electricity, if available.
In another aspect of this invention, "grey water" is obtained for use in an analogous system, as the treated component of the residential waste water, following sludge removal. Following further separation, a non-potable water supply is obtained that can satisfactorily be used in the system, e.g. for toilets or for garden use. The concentrated grey water can be recycled.
This second aspect of the invention may be preferred for use with a number of residences, e.g. in a housing development, from which effluent discharges to a common sewer. The first aspect may be preferred within a single residential unit, e.g. house, hotel or apartment block, so that the concentrated grey water and also the effluent discharge to the sewer.
As indicated above, the amount of grey water obtained by separation can be more than sufficient for toilet flushing. Any excess can be discharged. It is also a simple matter to provide means for topping up the storage tank, from the potable supply, if for any reason the amount required from the non-potable supply exceeds the amount produced in the system. Description of the Invention
This invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a domestic grey water treatment system embodying the first aspect of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, installed in a house; Figure 3 is a schematic representation of part of an alternative embodiment of the present invention; and
Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the second aspect of this invention. Fig. 1 shows, inter alia , a grey water collection tank 10. This tank collects water from various units in the residential water system other than toilets and usually also dishwashers, via one or more inlets (not shown) . Water from this tank is passed, on demand, by means of a pump 11, through a filter 12 with a granular medium, e.g. sand, preferably having a diameter of 0.2-2 mm or an absolute filtration rating of 1-25 μm, to a membrane separator 13 installed in a pressure tube. The membrane separator has two outlets. One outlet 14 is for a concentrate steam, by means of which concentrated grey water is returned, e.g. to the grey water storage tank. Another outlet 15 is for a permeate stream, by means of which treated water passes to a storage tank 16.
In use, especially during the daytime and evening, the collection tank 10 (suitably situated below ground) collects grey water from the bath, shower and handbasins.
The grey water is pumped, by means of the pump 11, through the treatment system, so that cleaned water passes to the storage tank 16 that provides a supply to toilet cisterns. As indicated in Fig. l, the treated water is suitably provided in the loft of a house or otherwise at the top of a building. Alternatively, as shown in the partial representation of Fig. 3, the storage tank 16 (or a pressure vessel) is provided below ground. A pump 17 provides a direct feed to toilet cisterns.
In a domestic environment, where cheaper electricity is available at night, the pump 11 at least can be operated during this period. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the pump
11 drives both the membrane separator and the supply to the storage tank.
Fig. 1 also shows a preferred aspect of the invention, i.e. a chamber 18. This chamber is provided for collecting a minor proportion of the cleaned water, to give backwash storage capacity. This cleaned water preferably has constant residual disinfectant. At the end of the treatment cycle, the water in the chamber 18 is allowed to pass under gravity via the (dotted) line 19 to backwash the filter 12; this backwash stream passes eventually to the sewer via an outlet 20.
Both the collection tank 10 and the storage tank 16 have overflows (not shown) direct to waste. The treated water storage tank 16 is connected to a mains feed (not shown) , suitably via a low level ball valve, to ensure a supply at times when the membrane separator unit 13 is switched off, or if for any reason there is insufficient grey water to provide toilet flushing. Aspects shown schematically in Fig. 1 are shown in Fig. 2 in greater detail. The same reference numerals are used to indicate corresponding components. Fig. 2 also shows domestic units including a bath 21, basins 22 (upstairs and downstairs) , toilets 23 (upstairs and downstairs) and a washing machine 24, as well as a conventional cold water storage tank 25, a grey water manhole 26, a foul water manhole 27 and a conduit 28 leading to the sewer.
Fig. 4 shows a house 30 representing a residential development. Outlets from this development comprise a sewer 31 and a rainwater run-off 32. The rainwater passes to a rainwater collection tank 33 including a discharge outlet 34 to a river 35.
The sewer 31, e.g. having a capacity of 35 m /d, leads to a septic tank 36, e.g. having a capacity of 20 m , provided with means for sludge removal. An outlet line from the septic tank comprises a screenings removal unit 37, a pump 38, e.g. having a capacity of 35-210 m /d, and a "black box" 39 for the biological treatment of sewage and the separation of sludge via a sludge recycle line 40.
Grey water separated from the black box 39 passes via a line 41 to an interstage buffer tank, i.e. a grey water collection tank 42. The tank 42 has an outlet 43 to the rainwater collection tank 33 and also an outlet to a high pressure pump 44 leading to a "grey box" 45 where the grey water is separated into wash water and permeate. The wash water is recycled to the septic tank 36 via a line 46, and the permeate passes to a storage or buffer tank 47, e.g. having a capacity of 36 m , intended to provided a predicted maximum of 10 1/s. The buffer tank 47 can be topped up, on demand, from a potable water supply 48, e.g. at up to 10 1/s, via a solenoid valve 49 connected to a level probe.
The buffer tank has an outlet 50 to the rainwater collection tank 33 and also an outlet to a pumphouse 51 having, for example, a maximum capacity of 10 1/s at 1 bar. Pumps 52 in the pumphouse 51, connected in parallel, are used to provide a source of non-potable water via a line 53 to the development.

Claims

1. A residential water treatment system adapted to the reuse of grey water, the system comprising: a collection tank (10) for the grey water; a grey water separator (13), with outlets (14,15) for concentrated grey water and for treated grey water; a storage tank (16) for the treated grey water, with an outlet for a supply of non-potable water; and a pump (11) for pumping grey water from the collection tank along a line to the separator and to the storage tank.
2. A system according to claim l, in which the grey water is supplied from residential units other than toilets.
3. A system according to claim 2, which additionally comprises a self-cleaning filter (12) in the line.
4. A system according to claim 3, which additionally comprises, above the filter, a chamber (18) for holding a minor proportion of the treated water, and a line (19) through which the held water can pass, for backwashing the filter, as required.
5. A system according to any preceding claim, in which the storage tank is located above the toilet cisterns.
6. A system according to any of claims 1 to , in which the storage tank is located below ground, and the system comprises a further pump (17), for pumping stored water to the toilet cisterns.
7. A system according to any preceding claim, in which the outlet for concentrated grey water leads back to the collection tank.
8. A system according to any preceding claim, which comprises, in advance of the collection tank, sludge removal apparatus.
9. A system according to claim 8, which comprises a septic tank.
10. A system according to any preceding claim, in which the separator is a membrane separator.
11. A system according to any preceding claim, in which the non-potable water supply leads to toilets.
12. A system according to any preceding claim, in which either or each of the collection tank and the storage tank is associated with means for introducing water, on demand, from the residential potable water supply.
PCT/GB1997/000427 1996-02-14 1997-02-14 System for non-potable water reuse WO1997030233A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU18028/97A AU1802897A (en) 1996-02-14 1997-02-14 System for non-potable water reuse

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9602989.7 1996-02-14
GBGB9602989.7A GB9602989D0 (en) 1996-02-14 1996-02-14 System for grey water reuse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997030233A1 true WO1997030233A1 (en) 1997-08-21

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PCT/GB1997/000427 WO1997030233A1 (en) 1996-02-14 1997-02-14 System for non-potable water reuse

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AU (1) AU1802897A (en)
GB (1) GB9602989D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1997030233A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000020697A1 (en) * 1998-09-23 2000-04-13 Dunbriar Investments Limited Sewage system and method of handling wastewater
WO2010025797A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-11 Spinflow Gmbh Gray water utilization system having aerator control
CN107879547A (en) * 2017-07-07 2018-04-06 无锡城市职业技术学院 A kind of rainwater buck combines reclamation set
EP3423418A4 (en) * 2016-03-03 2019-10-09 Greyter Water Systems Inc. Residential grey water recycling system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011089548A1 (en) 2010-01-21 2011-07-28 Nehemiah Kaplan Investments Ltd. A toilet flushing system for reusing gray water

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202402C (en) * 1905-05-23 1908-10-08
DE3722240A1 (en) * 1987-07-06 1988-03-10 Rothberg Simone Treatment system for slightly soiled waste water for re-use in residential buildings
US5106493A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-04-21 Mcintosh Todd Gray-water reclamation and reuse system
WO1994016157A1 (en) * 1992-12-30 1994-07-21 Merpro Tortek Limited Water management system
GB2278388A (en) * 1993-05-27 1994-11-30 Hynes Patricia R Water conservation/recovery system
US5374356A (en) * 1992-07-28 1994-12-20 Pall Corporation Fluid treatment process using dynamic microfiltration and ultrafiltration
GB2281582A (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-03-08 John Peter Hernon A domestic waste water recovery system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202402C (en) * 1905-05-23 1908-10-08
DE3722240A1 (en) * 1987-07-06 1988-03-10 Rothberg Simone Treatment system for slightly soiled waste water for re-use in residential buildings
US5106493A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-04-21 Mcintosh Todd Gray-water reclamation and reuse system
US5374356A (en) * 1992-07-28 1994-12-20 Pall Corporation Fluid treatment process using dynamic microfiltration and ultrafiltration
WO1994016157A1 (en) * 1992-12-30 1994-07-21 Merpro Tortek Limited Water management system
GB2278388A (en) * 1993-05-27 1994-11-30 Hynes Patricia R Water conservation/recovery system
GB2281582A (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-03-08 John Peter Hernon A domestic waste water recovery system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000020697A1 (en) * 1998-09-23 2000-04-13 Dunbriar Investments Limited Sewage system and method of handling wastewater
WO2010025797A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-11 Spinflow Gmbh Gray water utilization system having aerator control
EP3423418A4 (en) * 2016-03-03 2019-10-09 Greyter Water Systems Inc. Residential grey water recycling system
US10934691B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2021-03-02 Greyter Water Systems Inc. Intake filter for water collection system with pressure activated backwash valve
US11879236B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2024-01-23 Greyter Water Systems Inc. Intake filter for water collection system with pressure activated backwash valve
CN107879547A (en) * 2017-07-07 2018-04-06 无锡城市职业技术学院 A kind of rainwater buck combines reclamation set

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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GB9602989D0 (en) 1996-04-10

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