WO1997030227A1

WO1997030227A1 - Asymmetric pavement tile

Info

Publication number: WO1997030227A1
Application number: PCT/SE1997/000240
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rolf H. S. Trojmar
Original assignee: Patentsten International Ab
Priority date: 1996-02-16
Filing date: 1997-02-14
Publication date: 1997-08-21
Also published as: DE69731449D1; DE69731449T2; AU1818197A; ATE281562T1; SE504268C2; EP0840826A1; EP0840826B1; SE9600583D0; SE9600583L

Abstract

The innovation is meant for use as of example pavement tile, or a tile in general. By the tiles characteristic design where the sides are known by its asymmetrically vertically and horizontally form, by in and outward bent in a parallel function towards each other in both base planes and hereby will grip in to each other by interaction overlapping laying, and in spite of the joints will interlock each other in a three-dimensional way. The tiles will hereby create a 'bridge construction', meaning that they are relatively insensitive to the ground, soil underneath, which will reduce construction costs. The tiles are spreading out point loads to neighbour tiles, and the total load capacity will increase extremely. The tiles cannot move horizontally or vertically and are therefor a guarantee to a smooth surface, without risks for stumble and accidents.

Description

Asymmetric pavement tile.

Present innovation refer to a body, that is a pavement tile, or a tile in general, of the kind that are given closer explanation in the introduction to patent claim 1, and thereafter followed under claims.

The purpose with the innovation is first of all to eleminate the problems created by conventional tiles when they separate in horizontal and vertical direction, with risk to stumble, and severe personal damages. In order to achiev the function, the body is developed according to the introduction of the "characteristic" part of patent claim 1. The interlock effect is achieved by the tiles design, with varying bewelling around the tiles (bodys) all four sides, so that they will grip into each other in all three dimensions, by the fact, that the vertically bewelling is limited to approximately 10 degrees, and the horizontally curvations to approximately 5 % , of the tiles square side, they will form a top wiew look, very close to conventional tiles, thus they lock to each other whitout any other binder than their own form. Since a joint is a joint, that never can be zero, and of practical reasons, sand dirt etc the tile can not be layed if the tile where not asymmetrical, it is absolute necessary in order to achiev the interlock effect, by laying the tiles in changing, alternative overlapping joint between the tiles, as later will be described. Thus the solution gives possibility to choose jointwidth whithin relatively wide frames. The design of the tiles simplify the construction work, by the fact, that they are relatively unsensitive to the ground they are to be layed on, meaning, they can be layed direct to a relatively flat soil whithout sand or other preparations. The innovation will hereby be discribed direct to settled drawings and figures, that are examples of designs whithin the claim 1, and thereafter followed patent claims. Figure 1, shows a non measured drawing of a tile with its horizontally radius Rl and R2 plus the cut section A-A with its vertically radius rl and r2.

Figure 2, shows the same tile in a three dimensional projection, pointing out the difference between radius Rl and R2, where Rl is a concave, in the horizontally plane, and R2 is a convex, in the same horizontally plane.

Figure 3, is showing how the asymmetricality is built up between the to radius Rl and R2.

Figure 4, shows a shadowed three dimensional picture of the tile in figures 1 , 2 and 3.

Figure 5, shows a number of tiles from a straigth top wiew, with the joints proportionally exaggerated.

Figure 6, show the same tiles as in figure 5, but in a three dimensional perspective.

Figure 7, show a tile A, that to its asymmetrically is the same as the one in figure 1 and 4, but the corner passages are different the tile in figure 1.

Figure 8, show a tile B, where the asymmetry is the same as the tiles according to figure 1, 4 and 7, but the comers "H" and "h" are mirror faced A according to figure 7. B.

Figure 9, shows tiles as in figure 7, 8, but in an complementary laying. The tile as in figure 1 is an example of a pavement tile, (tile in general) or wall tile (out or indoors) that to its geometry is so designed that they along their four sides in the upper and lower horizontally base plane, is given a circle segment with a convex bow R2, that at its approximately centre side, 5, figure 3, changes into a concave bow Rl. The both plane are bound togheter by two vertically, against each other standing half circle segments rl and r2, creating contact between the planes. Although the vertically curvation rl, r2, is zero in all four co ers from where they increase continuosely against its maximum by the horizontal bows Rl and R2:s maximum, wich is approximately by a quarter respectively three quarters, of the tiles horizontal plan with "H" as a startpoint and from there return to zero at the tiles approximately centre point, figure 3, 5 and its comer 4, figure 1. Hereby the choosen distans will follow the tiles througout the sides, in all three dimensions. This means that the tiles sides only have three points in one and the same level, the comers "H" and 4, plus the absolute crosspoint in the absolute centre of the tiles side, figure 3, 6.

All curvatures both horizontally and vertically can be changed by the radius r and R depending of how accentuated "F" is desired to be, meaning the bewelling between in and outward bends, depending of the tiles wished final design, figure 1 cut section A- A.

Nor vertically or horizontally bows needs to be circle segment, they can be replaced by ellips segments, or a mix, depending of how accentuated the in and outward bends is desired. What above has been told regarding the geometry, is un¬ intended the bows form, size etc, it is the asymmetry, that is of most import¬ ance, and absolute necessary, meaning the difference beetwen Rl and R2:s changing point, or start point 5, figure 3, that is of the importance to the tiles practical use, since interlock between the tiles only can be achieved in an alternatively overlapping laying according to figure 5 and 6, and that the joints demands asymmetry between Rl , R2 and rl, r2. The Y-side is described out of figure 1 where "H" is a reference comer. Starting from "H" the Y-sides lower horizontally base plan begin with a convexed circle segment 1 , (R2) with maximum radius by a quarter of the plan (A) and from there again return to zero at the sides approximately centre point (2) and changes into a concave circle segment (3) where the radius is the same as R2, plus the desired distans, (jointwidth). The concavities maximum (Rl) is achieved by approximately three quarters of the base plane, counting from "H", and retum to zero at the comer 4, also a straight comer like "H". The upper horizontally base plan is converted the lower plan of Y-side, again starting from "H" the plan begin with a concave circle segment 5, (Rl) with its maximum by a quarter (A) of the side and return to zero by the sides approximately centre point 2, where the concavity changes to a convex outward bend 6, where maximum is achieved at approximately three quarters of the side, and then again retum to zero at the comer 4.

The both base plan is vertically connected by two half circle segments standing against each other, rl, r2, (cut section A-A figur 1), where r2, counting from "H", is zero, and hereby forms the straight co er "H", The circle bow r2, has its given vertically maximum in the same point as the lower plan R2, has its convex maxi¬ mum A, (cutsection A-A) and the against convex r2, vertically standing concave circlebow rl , starts in the same way from the comer "H", in zero, and has its concave maximum where the upper horizontally plane, circle segment Rl, has its maximum A, and retum to zero at the bodys approximately centre point 2, and diagonally, vertically changes sign, figur 3. 5-5, why they will follow the bodys horizontally circle segment R1-R2 and build up the in and outward bends Rl-rl, and R2-r2 (F). The bodys X-side is described in the same way, starting from "H". The bodys both other X-Y sides starting from "h" diagonal "H", is to be described in the same way.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

Asymmetric tile as example, a pavement tile, or a tile in general purposed to be layed besides each other in an overlapping interaction pattern so that they will interlock each other, in a three dimensional function, whithout any other binder than their own presens.

C h a r a c t e r i s t i c thereof, it is an asymmetrically quadraple body, and on its four sides, in the both base plane is furnished with in and outward bends, Rl and R2, shaped as circle segrnent or ellips segment that by two vertically, to each other reversed standing half circle segments rl, r2, between upper and lower base plan (figure 1), where the horizontal radius of Rl and R2 is different, where all convex outward bend is less than all concave inward bend, (depending of choosen distans) and by that way creates the asymmetricallity along all the tiles sides in all plane. Since all concave radius Rl horizontally over exceed the planes centre point 5, (figure 3) so that the two half circle bows faced against each other rl, r2 diagonally, vertically in the sides centre point (6, figure 3) cross each other and creates a point in plane with same level as the comers "H" and 4, of tile (figure 1) where "H", is a reference co er to the Y-side, where lower base plan starts with an outward bend, R2, (1) and by approximately half the bodys side change to an inward bend, Rl , (3) that end up in the comer 4, (figure 1 and 3) meanwhile the upper base plan from "H", starts with an inward bend, Rl, (5) and by the sides approximately centre point change to an outward bend, R2, (6) to end up in the comer 4, by the vertically circle segments rl, r2, to be zero in all co ers, and increase to its maximum at same point as the horizontally radius Rl, R2, has their maximum and than retum to zero at the sides approximately centre point (2) where rl , r2, change sign, to follow the sides other horizontally bow pair R2, Rl, (6,3) the bodys X-side is identical with the Y-side, starting from "H" and the bodys both other sides is identical starting from "h", diagonally "H".

2. Asymmetrical body according to claim 1. C h a r a c t e r i s t i c thereof, it is almost identical with body, according to claim 1. But yet different. Starting from reference point "H", (figure 7) A, on its Y-side, meanwhile the X-side, in the lower base plan, starts with a concave inward bend, Rl , and at the the bodys approximately centre point changes to a convex outward bend, R2, and the upper plan starting from "H", begin with a convex, outward bend, R2, that by the bodys approximately centre point changes to a concave, inward bend, Rl , while the other both X-Y sides from "h", diagonally "H", starts in the same way and is hereby in an interaction overlapping joi t laying (figure 10) to be interlocked by a complementary body, tile, (figure 9) that is identical with body in this demand (Figure 7) A, but the complementary body (figure 8) B, is mirror faced, body A.