WO1997028837A1 - Dispositif de reinhalation - Google Patents

Dispositif de reinhalation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997028837A1
WO1997028837A1 PCT/GB1997/000377 GB9700377W WO9728837A1 WO 1997028837 A1 WO1997028837 A1 WO 1997028837A1 GB 9700377 W GB9700377 W GB 9700377W WO 9728837 A1 WO9728837 A1 WO 9728837A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mask
patient
bag
air
nose
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1997/000377
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Antonios Camille Zamar
Original Assignee
Antonios Camille Zamar
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Antonios Camille Zamar filed Critical Antonios Camille Zamar
Priority to EP97904523A priority Critical patent/EP0883416A1/fr
Priority to AU17299/97A priority patent/AU1729997A/en
Publication of WO1997028837A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997028837A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0045—Means for re-breathing exhaled gases, e.g. for hyperventilation treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mask, particularly it relates to a mask useful for controlling hyperventilation.
  • Panic attacks consist of physical, psychological and behavioural components. Physical symptoms include hyperventilation, palpitations, sweating, tremor, dizziness and "funny" abdominal sensations. Psychological symptoms are fear of death and extreme anxiety, which tend to exacerbate the panic attack, and severe panic attacks can lead to incapacity and fits and cause acute distress in the person suffering such an attack. Behavioural symptoms include avoidance of, for example people, tasks, places and can lead to running away from situations and other behaviour considered "awkward" or even anti-social. Various theories have been put forward for the cause of panic attacks including genetic, hormonal, cerebral, respiratory and neurotransmitter malfunctions. Psychological, cognitive and behavioural theories have also been proposed.
  • hyperventilation is a central feature in the pathophysiology of panic attacks and panic disorders.
  • Panic patients have been shown to be chronic hyperventilators who also acutely hyperventilate during spontaneous and induced panic.
  • Hyperventilation induces hypocapnia (low CO 2 ) and alkalosis lead to decreased cerebral perfusion, dizziness, confusion and derealisation (things feeling unreal).
  • hypocapnia low CO 2
  • alkalosis lead to decreased cerebral perfusion, dizziness, confusion and derealisation (things feeling unreal).
  • hypoventilation can lead to panic attacks and on the other hand panic attacks are characterised by hyperventilation which then aggravates fear and panic, leading to a vicious circle.
  • Breathing control as a treatment for panic was shown to be effective. This aims at slowing breathing and reducing CO 2 loss.
  • paper bags have been used to control panic attacks. The purpose was for the patient to breathe in to the paper bag to prevent CO 2 loss which should either abort an attack at the onset or prevent the aggravation of symptoms through CO 2 loss and terminate the attack.
  • the paper bag is held over the patient's mouth and nose so the patient breathes into the paper bag and rebreathes the air from the bag, which is supposed to increase the amount of CO 2 in the patient's bloodstream and thus control the symptoms of the panic attack and abort the panic attack, or at least prevent its aggravation by the relative reduction of CO ⁇ .
  • Paper bags of the appropriate size when they are available suffer several disadvantages, they do not seal well around the nose and mouth allowing loss of CO and they allow loss of CO 2 by permeation of CO 2 through the bag. It has been shown that with paper bags, even when they are well held around the nose and mouth the level in the paper bag will plateau out at a certain level which is below the level which would be most helpful and it will not rise above this level. In order to reduce the permeation of the CO 2 through the bag it has been proposed to treat the paper bag with oil and although this does improve the performance of the bag, leakage may occur around the nose and mouth.
  • a mask the mask being adapted to fit over the nose and mouth of a patient so as to prevent ingress and egress of air around the edge of the mask in contact with the patient and comprising a sealing rim for sealingly engaging the mask around the nose and mouth of the patient and a bag connected to the mask for receiving air exhaled by the patient and returning the air to the patient during inhalation.
  • the bag should be made of a flexible material which is substantially impervious to the air, so that CO cannot escape through the walls of the bag, in general inert plastics materials such as polyolefins and substituted polyolefins e.g. polyethylene, polyproplyene and their copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, polyesters etc. can be used.
  • plastics materials such as polyolefins and substituted polyolefins e.g. polyethylene, polyproplyene and their copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, polyesters etc.
  • elastic rubber type materials are not desirable as they tend to recoil, pressurise and put pressure on the patient's respiratory system.
  • the bag should have a capacity of at least four litres and can be larger e g up to six litres, for children a smaller capacity can be used In general bags of a capacity of one to six litres are suitable
  • the sealing rim is preferably made of a material which fits comfortably on a patient's face and does not cause discomfort and is easy to keep clean etc in general a flexible plastics material can be used
  • the bag When not required the bag is preferably able to be folded flat into a compact parcel and, in a preferred embodiment, the bag folds and can be placed inside the rim, which is then sealed to provide an easily portable mask which can be carried around by a potential sufferer
  • the mask has particular application in controlling hyperventilation/ panic symptoms but is also use for controlling some types of hiccups
  • the mask is readily portable and the bag is completely sealed against air entering the mask from outside and against air escaping from the mask and so allows the level of CO in the air being rebreathed to rise to high levels not otherwise achievable by alternative methods, this means the level of CO in the blood stream can more quickly and effectively rise to a level which reduces or alleviates hiccups
  • levels of CO- ⁇ in the blood should be maintained between 35-45mm Hg without compromising the total body CO 2 reserve This is only achievable by raising the CO level maximally within the mask (above 40mm Hg) without leakage or with very minimal leakage
  • With paper bags it has not been generally possible to achieve levels over 45mm Hg. Oily bags have achieved levels of 57mm Hg but may not be suitable for panic patients as they hamper vision and may increase the sense of loss of control
  • the patient can simply offer the mask up to the face to cover the nose and mouth and press the mask against the face so as to seal the mask against the face around the mouth and nose
  • the bag is preferably permanently connected to the rim and made of non leaking material.
  • the mask can optionally include a band for fitting around the head of a patient but normally it is preferable for the patient to hold the mask in place.
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a mask on a patient's face with the bag in its stowed configuration:
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the mask on the patient's face with the bag in its deployed configuration
  • Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the mask with the bag in its stowed configuration
  • a mask 1 has the generally triangular shape when viewed from the front, having a concave portion 2 for receiving the nose 3 and mouth 4 of patient 5.
  • the mask 1 can be made of transparent flexible material such as a rubbery plastics material which preferably has some flexibility in order to aid comfort and fitting to the face of the patient 5.
  • a seal 6 is made of a flexible material so as to aid sealing of the mask 1 to the patient's face around the nose 3 and mouth 4.
  • the seal 6 may be fixed to the mask 1 or, as an alternative the seal 6 may be integral with the body of the mask 1.
  • a container 7 Connected to the portion of the mask 1 remote from the seal 6 is a container 7 which contains a bag 8 when the mask is not in use.
  • the container 7 consists of a rigid circular ring 9 which encircled the front end of the mask 1 and a lid 10 which is connected to the ring 9 by a hinge 1 1.
  • a clip 12 is provided on the opposite side of the lid 10 for engagement with the ring 9 in order to allow the lid 10 to be clipped to the ring 9 in order to close the container 7.
  • the bag 8 is connected at its open end through the ring 9 to the mask 1 in an air tight manner.
  • the bag 8 is made of a very flexible material such as a high density polyethylene.
  • the bag 8 can be folded into the container 7 when not in use, which makes the whole mask readily transportable and also serves to protect the bag during transport.
  • the bag 8 is entirely sealed against the atmosphere so that air cannot escape from or enter the bag 8 other than to or from the patient.
  • Along the length of the bag there are longitudinal folds 14 to allow for maximal expansion with the least use of volume and facilitates the ability of the bag to fold flat when not in use.
  • the patient 5 When the patient 5 is undergoing a panic attack, or is otherwise hyperventilating, the patient 5 opens the lid 10 of the container 7 and pulls out the bag 8.
  • the mask 1 is then pressed up against the patient's face so that the seal 6 engages over the nose and mouth against the patient's face.
  • the patient 5 then breathes through the mask 1 into the bag 8 during exhalation and rebreathes the air from the bag 8 during inhalation. Pressing the mask 1 against the face ensures that no air can enter the bag 8 or mask 1 from the atmosphere, this will maximise the build up of CO 2 in the air in bag 8 which is inhaled by the patient 5.
  • the connection of the bag 8 to the mask 1 is also air tight, again to prevent air from entering the bag 8 or mask 1 from the atmosphere.
  • the patient will hold the mask 1 against his face for perhaps a few minutes so as to allow time for the CO levels to build up in the inhaled air and then in bloodstream so as to prevent hyperventilation and so prevent a panic attack from starting or at least prevent aggravation of a panic attack which would otherwise occur if the patient were allowed to hyperventilate.
  • the patient can easily remove the mask 1 from his face if he feels distressed, but the patient should be urged to keep the mask against his face until the panic symptoms have subsided.
  • the bag should clearly be of sufficient volume to enable there to be enough oxygen in the inhaled air.
  • Panic attacks can usually last from five to twenty minutes and it is expected that the mask 1 need be held against the face for perhaps only a few minute in order to prevent the panic attack from occurring or at least to reduce the effect of the panic attack.
  • the mask 1 may be fitted with an elastic head band 13 for securing the mask to the face.
  • an elastic head band 13 for securing the mask to the face.
  • the patient learns to hold the mask 1 to the face, rather than rely on the head band, as this will encourage the patient to control panic attacks and hopefully act quickly enough to prevent onset of a full panic attack. Holding the mask against the face prevents any risk of lack of oxygen if the patient is unable to remove the mask held on by the band.
  • the mask 1 of the present invention also has application in controlling some types of hiccups. Following abdominal surgery or any other intra-abdominal diaphragmatic irritation or renal failure hiccups can occur.
  • the mask 1 of the present invention can be used to control or alleviate such hiccups, perhaps in conjunction with medication if necessary and is used in the same manner as described above for controlling hyperventilation and panic disorders.
  • the mask 1 is disposable to prevent bacteria build up in the bag 8 through use and the patient can use a new bag after each use.
  • the mask and bag of the invention can be made of materials which are sufficiently inexpensive to permit this.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un masque destiné à être utilisé sur des patients souffrant de crises de panique et qui sont ou pourraient être, en hyperapnée. Ce masque comporte une partie rebord à laquelle est fixé un sac fabriqué dans un matériau ne laissant pas pénétrer l'air. Ce rebord peut être maintenu hermétiquement contre la surface du visage entourant le nez et la bouche du patient de sorte que celui-ci expire dans le sac et inspire uniquement l'air du sac dont la teneur en dioxide de carbone a augmenté du fait de la réinhalation. Le masque forme un angle de façon que, en utilisation, le patient puisse avoir un champ de vision nette, lui permettant une vision maximale, et ait le sentiment de bien contrôler son environnement.
PCT/GB1997/000377 1996-02-12 1997-02-11 Dispositif de reinhalation WO1997028837A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97904523A EP0883416A1 (fr) 1996-02-12 1997-02-11 Dispositif de reinhalation
AU17299/97A AU1729997A (en) 1996-02-12 1997-02-11 Rebreathing device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9602779.2A GB9602779D0 (en) 1996-02-12 1996-02-12 Mask
GB9602779.2 1996-02-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997028837A1 true WO1997028837A1 (fr) 1997-08-14

Family

ID=10788513

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1997/000377 WO1997028837A1 (fr) 1996-02-12 1997-02-11 Dispositif de reinhalation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0883416A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1729997A (fr)
GB (1) GB9602779D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997028837A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011044914A1 (fr) * 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Balancair Aps Masque respiratoire médical
CN102631743A (zh) * 2012-04-25 2012-08-15 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 气管导管面罩二氧化碳负反馈调节系统
GB2522894A (en) * 2014-02-09 2015-08-12 Piotr Mozolewski Extra breath
JP2019506955A (ja) * 2016-02-16 2019-03-14 バランサイアー エーペーエスＢａｌａｎｃａｉｒ Ａｐｓ 呼吸装置
CN109966612A (zh) * 2019-04-23 2019-07-05 上海市肺科医院 精油止呃呼吸锻炼气袋

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5816078B2 (ja) * 2008-04-01 2015-11-17 サイエンティフィック オプティクス， インク． 汎用コンタクトレンズの後面構造
CN105726027B (zh) * 2016-04-21 2018-10-23 罗英梅 一种无创呼吸肌功能检测仪

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2113555A (en) * 1982-01-20 1983-08-10 Dr Selwyn Leon Dexter A breathing device to abort migraine
DE8525131U1 (de) * 1985-09-03 1985-11-21 Wüst, Willi, 6200 Wiesbaden Mund-Nasenmaske
DE4208096A1 (de) * 1991-03-19 1992-09-24 Von Ardenne Inst Fuer Angewand Atemmaske
WO1993023102A1 (fr) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-25 Saul Gilbert D Appareil de stimulation respiratoire sans gaspillage et dispositif respiratoire pour hautes altitudes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2113555A (en) * 1982-01-20 1983-08-10 Dr Selwyn Leon Dexter A breathing device to abort migraine
DE8525131U1 (de) * 1985-09-03 1985-11-21 Wüst, Willi, 6200 Wiesbaden Mund-Nasenmaske
DE4208096A1 (de) * 1991-03-19 1992-09-24 Von Ardenne Inst Fuer Angewand Atemmaske
WO1993023102A1 (fr) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-25 Saul Gilbert D Appareil de stimulation respiratoire sans gaspillage et dispositif respiratoire pour hautes altitudes

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011044914A1 (fr) * 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Balancair Aps Masque respiratoire médical
US9132251B2 (en) 2009-10-14 2015-09-15 Balancair Aps Medical breathing mask
CN102631743A (zh) * 2012-04-25 2012-08-15 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 气管导管面罩二氧化碳负反馈调节系统
GB2522894A (en) * 2014-02-09 2015-08-12 Piotr Mozolewski Extra breath
GB2522894B (en) * 2014-02-09 2016-07-20 Mozolewski Piotr Device for allowing a user to re-breathe their exhaled breath
JP2019506955A (ja) * 2016-02-16 2019-03-14 バランサイアー エーペーエスＢａｌａｎｃａｉｒ Ａｐｓ 呼吸装置
JP2022084950A (ja) * 2016-02-16 2022-06-07 リハラー エーペーエス 呼吸装置
US11547818B2 (en) 2016-02-16 2023-01-10 Rehaler Aps Breathing device
CN109966612A (zh) * 2019-04-23 2019-07-05 上海市肺科医院 精油止呃呼吸锻炼气袋
CN109966612B (zh) * 2019-04-23 2020-07-03 上海市肺科医院 精油止呃呼吸锻炼气袋

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9602779D0 (en) 1996-04-10
AU1729997A (en) 1997-08-28
EP0883416A1 (fr) 1998-12-16

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