WO1997022227A1 - Electrically heatable mirror assembly - Google Patents

Electrically heatable mirror assembly Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997022227A1
WO1997022227A1 PCT/NL1996/000469 NL9600469W WO9722227A1 WO 1997022227 A1 WO1997022227 A1 WO 1997022227A1 NL 9600469 W NL9600469 W NL 9600469W WO 9722227 A1 WO9722227 A1 WO 9722227A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carrier
electrodes
mirror
mirror assembly
glass
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL1996/000469
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Franciscus Adrianus Maria Van Venrooy
Original Assignee
Dsm N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dsm N.V. filed Critical Dsm N.V.
Priority to AU10418/97A priority Critical patent/AU1041897A/en
Publication of WO1997022227A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997022227A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/845—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields specially adapted for reflecting surfaces, e.g. bathroom - or rearview mirrors

Definitions

  • Electrically heatable mirror assembly for an outside rear .view mirror on a motorcar, comprising a mirror glass and a carrier for the mirror glass with the carrier being of an electrically conductive plastic mixture and containing two metal electrodes for supplying and returning the electrical current for heating the mirror glass, which electrodes are each located on one of two opposite sides of the carrier.
  • a mirror assembly of the same kind is disclosed in DE-A-3825164. It describes a mirror assembly with a carrier of polyphenylene sulphide. Connection pins are embedded in the carrier. The connection pins are connected to the electrodes at an angle. The electrodes are connected to the carrier by means of an electrically conductive adhesive or staple connections.
  • a problem with such a mirror assembly is slow heating of the mirror glass, causing the mirror glass to remain covered with ice or condensate for too long in the case of a cold start, for example.
  • FR-A-90 16590 discloses an electrically heatable mirror assembly in which two strips of electrically conductive paint or ink are applied to the carrier. The strips serve as electrodes and are in electrical contact with the connection pins. This mirror assembly, too, has the problem of too slow heating and the electrical contact between the connection pins and the strips is lost on increasing the electrical current.
  • the plastic mixture contains electrically conductive fibres
  • the electrodes extend along at least 50% of the carrier's side on which an electrode is present and the electrodes are embedded by melting into the carrier.
  • Such a mirror assembly can be heated very rapidly and with a high current with electrical contact between the electrodes and the carrier being retained.
  • the electrodes can be embedded by melting by, for example, pressing into the carrier electrodes that are preheated beyond the melting point of the conductive plastic mixture.
  • the electrodes can also be melted into the carrier by ultrasonic techniques.
  • the electrodes are placed in an injection mould for the carrier with or without the mirror glass, whereupon the electrodes are over-moulded so that the carrier is formed while the electrodes are present in it from the forming process.
  • the over- moulding technique is known per se to one skilled in the art.
  • the mirror assembly is characterized in that the electrodes extend along at least 75%, more preferably along 90% of the carrier's side on which an electrode is present. In this way, even more rapid heating and in particular more uniform heating of the mirror is achieved.
  • a still further improved mirror assembly is characterized in that the carrier for the mirror glass is thicker at the location of the centre of the mirror glass than at the location of the edges of the mirror glass. Surprisingly, this results in still more rapid heating, as manifested by, for example, more rapid heating, as manifested by, for example, more rapid demisting of the mirror glass without the electrical current being increased.
  • the carrier is 100-250% thicker than at the edge of the mirror.
  • the mirror assembly is connected to an electrical current source which on being switched on delivers a higher electrical current through the carrier for a certain period of time, preferably until the mirror glass is completely or almost completely heated, than during the time thereafter .
  • the carrier contains a thermocouple.
  • the electrical current used for heating the mirror can be controlled with the aid of the temperature measured by the thermocouple. In this way it is also possible to ensure that a larger current flows through the carrier during the heating phase.
  • the plastic mixture of the carrier may in principle contain any plastic into which the conductive fibres can be blended and which is suitable for embedding the electrodes.
  • suitable plastics are polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), styrene- aleic anhydride copolymer, polypropylene, polybutene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate and mixtures of these polymers. It is preferred for ABS to be applied.
  • metal-coated glass fibres carbon fibres and steel fibres may for example be used.
  • steel fibres are used.
  • the steel fibre content used is between for example 0.1 to 5 % vol. , preferably between 0.3 and 1.0 % vol.
  • the plastic mixture also contains glass fibres, preferably in a concentration of between
  • the carrier for the mirror glass serves among other things to protect the mirror glass against fracture. It is even possible for the carrier also to serve as outer housing of the mirror glass and for the mirror to be connected to the motorcar via the carrier.
  • the carrier must be sufficiently stiff and strong for proper performance of these functions. Preferably, therefore, the thickness of the carrier is at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm.
  • the resistivity of the carrier preferably is about 0.0001 - 0.0025 ⁇ .m in order for it to be able to generate sufficient heat in the carrier using a voltage of 12 or 24 volts as is usual in motorcars and starting from the aforementioned wall thickness for the carrier. Very good results are achieved if the electrodes are plate-shaped.
  • the electrodes preferably contain perforations. These ensure good mechanical and electrical contact between the electrodes and the carrier.
  • the electrodes have a width of between 3 and 25 mm, more preferably of between 5 and 15 mm. The width is measured at a right angle to the direction in which the electrode extends along the side of the carrier.
  • the thickness of the electrodes preferably is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.
  • the carrier for a mirror before to be mounted to a motorcar, is via the electrodes connected to an electrical source, so that an electrical current has been send through the carrier .
  • an electrical source has been used of over 12 V, preferably of over 24 V. In this way the life time of the mirror assembly is even more increased.
  • a carrier for a mirror on a lorry 300 mm long, 150 mm wide and 2 mm thick was injection-moulded using a central gate.
  • a 1:1 mixture of Faradex (TM) XA 111 and Ronfalin (TM) FG 50 (both supplied by DSM of the Netherlands) was used as plastic mixture.
  • the mixture contained 0.5 % (vol.) steel fibres.
  • Perforated electrodes had been placed in the mould before the carrier was injection moulded so that the electrodes were over-moulded with the plastic mixture and subsequently extended along the 150 mm sides of the carrier.
  • the electrodes each had a length of 100 mm, a width of 15 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm.
  • a mirror glass 4 mm thick was glued onto the carrier.
  • a 12 V current source was connected to the electrodes. The mirror glass was heated rapidly. The current source was disconnected after 24 hours. At that point the electrical connection between the electrodes and the carrier was still completely intact. Comparative example
  • a carrier with a mirror was produced as described in the example.
  • the carrier did not, however, contain the over-moulded electrodes but 10 self-tapping screws were screwed at equal intervals along each 150 mm side of the carrier.
  • the 10 self-tapping screws were interconnected with a copper wire.
  • the 12V current source was connected to the self-tapping screws. The electrical connection between the screws and the carrier was lost already after about 30 minutes.

Landscapes

  • Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

Electrically heatable mirror assembly for an outside rear view mirror on a motorcar, comprising a mirror glass and a carrier for the mirror glass with the carrier being of an electrically conductive plastic mixture and containing two metal electrodes for supplying and returning the electrical current for heating the mirror, which electrodes are each located on one of two opposite sides of the carrier, and with the plastic mixture containing electrically conductive fibres, the electrodes extending along at least 50 % of the side of the carrier on which an electrode is present and the electrodes being molten into the carrier.

Description

ELECTRICALLY HEATABLE MIRROR ASSEMBLY
Electrically heatable mirror assembly for an outside rear .view mirror on a motorcar, comprising a mirror glass and a carrier for the mirror glass with the carrier being of an electrically conductive plastic mixture and containing two metal electrodes for supplying and returning the electrical current for heating the mirror glass, which electrodes are each located on one of two opposite sides of the carrier. A mirror assembly of the same kind is disclosed in DE-A-3825164. It describes a mirror assembly with a carrier of polyphenylene sulphide. Connection pins are embedded in the carrier. The connection pins are connected to the electrodes at an angle. The electrodes are connected to the carrier by means of an electrically conductive adhesive or staple connections.
A problem with such a mirror assembly is slow heating of the mirror glass, causing the mirror glass to remain covered with ice or condensate for too long in the case of a cold start, for example.
Increasing the electrical current to achieve more rapid heating is impracticable because the electrical contact between the electrodes and the carrier would be lost in so doing. This problem occurs with electrodes of all shapes and sizes.
FR-A-90 16590 discloses an electrically heatable mirror assembly in which two strips of electrically conductive paint or ink are applied to the carrier. The strips serve as electrodes and are in electrical contact with the connection pins. This mirror assembly, too, has the problem of too slow heating and the electrical contact between the connection pins and the strips is lost on increasing the electrical current.
Various embodiments of the mirror assembly were tested by us, before we could solve the problem. Surprisingly, a well functioning mirror assembly was finally found, characterized in that the plastic mixture contains electrically conductive fibres, the electrodes extend along at least 50% of the carrier's side on which an electrode is present and the electrodes are embedded by melting into the carrier. Such a mirror assembly can be heated very rapidly and with a high current with electrical contact between the electrodes and the carrier being retained. The electrodes can be embedded by melting by, for example, pressing into the carrier electrodes that are preheated beyond the melting point of the conductive plastic mixture. The electrodes can also be melted into the carrier by ultrasonic techniques.
Preferably, the electrodes are placed in an injection mould for the carrier with or without the mirror glass, whereupon the electrodes are over-moulded so that the carrier is formed while the electrodes are present in it from the forming process. The over- moulding technique is known per se to one skilled in the art.
Preferably, the mirror assembly is characterized in that the electrodes extend along at least 75%, more preferably along 90% of the carrier's side on which an electrode is present. In this way, even more rapid heating and in particular more uniform heating of the mirror is achieved.
A still further improved mirror assembly is characterized in that the carrier for the mirror glass is thicker at the location of the centre of the mirror glass than at the location of the edges of the mirror glass. Surprisingly, this results in still more rapid heating, as manifested by, for example, more rapid heating, as manifested by, for example, more rapid demisting of the mirror glass without the electrical current being increased.
Preferably, at the location of the centre of the mirror, the carrier is 100-250% thicker than at the edge of the mirror.
Very good results are achieved if the mirror assembly is connected to an electrical current source which on being switched on delivers a higher electrical current through the carrier for a certain period of time, preferably until the mirror glass is completely or almost completely heated, than during the time thereafter .
In this way, it is achieved that a higher electrical current flows through the electrodes and the carrier only during the heating phase of the mirror glass so that the mirror glass still heats up quickly, whilst thereafter the mirror glass remains heated at a lower yet sufficiently high temperature by a lower electrical current. In this way, the life of the mirror assembly is prolonged, while it is even possible to reduce the heating time still further by increasing the electrical current during the heating phase still further . It is preferred for the carrier to contain a thermocouple. The electrical current used for heating the mirror can be controlled with the aid of the temperature measured by the thermocouple. In this way it is also possible to ensure that a larger current flows through the carrier during the heating phase. The plastic mixture of the carrier may in principle contain any plastic into which the conductive fibres can be blended and which is suitable for embedding the electrodes. Examples of suitable plastics are polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), styrene- aleic anhydride copolymer, polypropylene, polybutene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate and mixtures of these polymers. It is preferred for ABS to be applied.
As conductive fibres metal-coated glass fibres, carbon fibres and steel fibres may for example be used. Preferably, steel fibres are used. The steel fibre content used is between for example 0.1 to 5 % vol. , preferably between 0.3 and 1.0 % vol.
Good results are achieved if, besides the conductive fibres, the plastic mixture also contains glass fibres, preferably in a concentration of between
2 and 15 % wt . This results in a still longer life of the mirror assembly.
A process for the preparation of a polymer composition which contains the conductive fibres is described in for example GB-A-2.112.796 and in EP-A-
0.366.180. Preferably, the method in EP-A-0.366.180 is used.
Besides heating the mirror glass, the carrier for the mirror glass serves among other things to protect the mirror glass against fracture. It is even possible for the carrier also to serve as outer housing of the mirror glass and for the mirror to be connected to the motorcar via the carrier. The carrier must be sufficiently stiff and strong for proper performance of these functions. Preferably, therefore, the thickness of the carrier is at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm.
The resistivity of the carrier preferably is about 0.0001 - 0.0025 Ω.m in order for it to be able to generate sufficient heat in the carrier using a voltage of 12 or 24 volts as is usual in motorcars and starting from the aforementioned wall thickness for the carrier. Very good results are achieved if the electrodes are plate-shaped. The electrodes preferably contain perforations. These ensure good mechanical and electrical contact between the electrodes and the carrier. Preferably, the electrodes have a width of between 3 and 25 mm, more preferably of between 5 and 15 mm. The width is measured at a right angle to the direction in which the electrode extends along the side of the carrier. The thickness of the electrodes preferably is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.
In a preferred embodiment the carrier for a mirror, before to be mounted to a motorcar, is via the electrodes connected to an electrical source, so that an electrical current has been send through the carrier .
Still more preferably an electrical source has been used of over 12 V, preferably of over 24 V. In this way the life time of the mirror assembly is even more increased.
Example
A carrier for a mirror on a lorry 300 mm long, 150 mm wide and 2 mm thick was injection-moulded using a central gate. A 1:1 mixture of Faradex (TM) XA 111 and Ronfalin (TM) FG 50 (both supplied by DSM of the Netherlands) was used as plastic mixture. The mixture contained 0.5 % (vol.) steel fibres. Perforated electrodes had been placed in the mould before the carrier was injection moulded so that the electrodes were over-moulded with the plastic mixture and subsequently extended along the 150 mm sides of the carrier. The electrodes each had a length of 100 mm, a width of 15 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm. A mirror glass 4 mm thick was glued onto the carrier. A 12 V current source was connected to the electrodes. The mirror glass was heated rapidly. The current source was disconnected after 24 hours. At that point the electrical connection between the electrodes and the carrier was still completely intact. Comparative example
A carrier with a mirror was produced as described in the example. The carrier did not, however, contain the over-moulded electrodes but 10 self-tapping screws were screwed at equal intervals along each 150 mm side of the carrier. The 10 self-tapping screws were interconnected with a copper wire. The 12V current source was connected to the self-tapping screws. The electrical connection between the screws and the carrier was lost already after about 30 minutes.

Claims

C A I M S
1. Electrically heatable mirror assembly for an outside rear view mirror on a motorcar, comprising a mirror glass and a carrier for the mirror glass with the carrier being of an electrically conductive plastic mixture and containing two metal electrodes for supplying and returning the electrical current for heating the mirror glass, which electrodes are each located on one of two opposite sides of the carrier, characterized in that the plastic mixture contains electrically conductive fibres, the electrodes extend along at least 50% of the carrier's side on which an electrode is present and the electrodes are molten into the carrier.
2. Mirror assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes extend along at least 75% of the carrier's side on which an electrode is present.
3. Mirror assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes extend along at least 90% of the carrier's side on which an electrode is present.
4. Mirror assembly according to any one of Claims 1-
3, characterized in that the carrier is thicker at the location of the centre of the mirror glass than at the location of the edges of the mirror glass.
5. Mirror assembly according to any one of Claims 1-
4, characterized in that the electrodes are plate- shaped.
6. Mirror assembly according to Claim 5, characterized in that the electrodes contain perforations.
PCT/NL1996/000469 1995-11-30 1996-11-28 Electrically heatable mirror assembly WO1997022227A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU10418/97A AU1041897A (en) 1995-11-30 1996-11-28 Electrically heatable mirror assembly

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1001789A NL1001789C2 (en) 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 Electrically heated mirror group.
NL1001789 1995-11-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997022227A1 true WO1997022227A1 (en) 1997-06-19

Family

ID=19761949

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL1996/000469 WO1997022227A1 (en) 1995-11-30 1996-11-28 Electrically heatable mirror assembly

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1041897A (en)
NL (1) NL1001789C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1997022227A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10986700B2 (en) 2017-03-09 2021-04-20 Aptiv Technologies Limited Sensor assembly with integral defroster/defogger

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4061601A (en) * 1973-05-29 1977-12-06 Acheson Industries, Inc. Electrically conductive rear view mirror
DE2826974A1 (en) * 1978-05-12 1980-01-17 Licentia Gmbh Electrically heated driving mirror - has conducting backing layer with embedded connecting electrodes and insulating layer inside
EP0693400A2 (en) * 1994-07-23 1996-01-24 MEKRA Rangau Plastics GmbH & Co KG External rear-view mirror for vehicle

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4061601A (en) * 1973-05-29 1977-12-06 Acheson Industries, Inc. Electrically conductive rear view mirror
DE2826974A1 (en) * 1978-05-12 1980-01-17 Licentia Gmbh Electrically heated driving mirror - has conducting backing layer with embedded connecting electrodes and insulating layer inside
EP0693400A2 (en) * 1994-07-23 1996-01-24 MEKRA Rangau Plastics GmbH & Co KG External rear-view mirror for vehicle

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10986700B2 (en) 2017-03-09 2021-04-20 Aptiv Technologies Limited Sensor assembly with integral defroster/defogger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL1001789C2 (en) 1997-06-04
AU1041897A (en) 1997-07-03

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