WO1997020876A1

WO1997020876A1 - Rapid-foaming foam for prefabricated system building

Info

Publication number: WO1997020876A1
Application number: PCT/EP1996/005283
Authority: WO
Inventors: Henning Kaaber; Hans Ole Larsen; Ture Kindt-Larsen; Inge Holmskov; Bent Von Scholten
Original assignee: Rathor Ag
Priority date: 1995-12-01
Filing date: 1996-11-29
Publication date: 1997-06-12
Also published as: AU1095197A; CA2242672A1; EP0863927A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a two-component system for producing polyurethane foams, the system comprising a polyol component A with at least one polyol having a functionality of two or more, water and a catalyst system comprising at least two catalysts, of which at least one can catalyze the reaction of the polyisocyanate with the polyol and/or water and at least one further catalyst can catalyze the trimerization of isocyanate groups. The system further comprises a polyisocyanate component B having at least one polyisocyanate with a functionality ≥ 2, the ratio between NCO groups in component B and OH groups in component A being > 1.

Description

Fast foaming assembly foam

description

The invention relates to an improved and fast-foaming urethane foam which is set fire-retardant. In particular, the invention relates to an improved reactive two-component urethane-isocyanurate-type foam which results from the reaction of a polyol with an isocyanate. The foam is particularly suitable for assembly work in the construction industry.

The invention further relates to the use of the foam in assembly work, in particular in the construction industry, for example for frames made of, for example, pine for windows and doors, and to solid structures, such as masonry.

Such foam also has other uses, for example as packaging foam, molding compound and the like.

In particular in the construction industry, for the assembly of door frames or the like, use foams based on polyurethane for fixing the frames, for example, concrete walls are used. For a conventional door frame, up to 6 portions of foam are required, which is introduced into the joint between the frame and the wall and foams there, so that good contact is produced between the two parts, whereupon the foam masses become egg harden hard dimensionally stable material that fixes the frame. The foams can also be used to close wall openings for cables and pipes, as well as for insulation and insulation purposes.

For all of these applications it is important that the foam has good adhesion and is fully expandable. Such assembly foams can be present as a one-component system (1K), which is based on an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer and usually contains plasticizers, blowing agents, catalysts and foam stabilizers, and possibly further additives. The hardening is based on the reaction between the terminal isocyanate groups and water removed from the environment.

Alternatively, 1.5K systems can also be used which consist of an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, a separate, small amount of glycol and blowing agent.

Finally, two-component foams (2K) are used, which are produced by mixing the liquid components, an isocyanate and a reactive polyol in the presence of a blowing agent, catalyst and foam-stabilizing silicones and possibly other additives.

Two-component foams for assembly work are usually handled in pressure-resistant containers, for example aluminum aerosol containers charged with propellant gas under pressure or packaging with a cylindrical chamber, the two components having to be kept separate from one another before use. This can be done by using two separate containers in parallel, but also by, for example, introducing one component into an outer container and the second component into an inner container arranged in this outer container, this second container being affected by external influences in the outer container can be opened. The content of the second container then mixes with that of the first container and leads to the desired reaction. When the valve of the outer container is opened, the foam exits through the valve under the pressure of the propellant in the container. Furthermore, cartridge systems are known in which the two components are guided from two adjacent cartridges with the aid of pistons and a mixing head and are applied via an application system, such as a spray gun or joint gun.

After the reactive components have first been mixed, the mixture must be applied to the place of use, where it solidifies, sets and develops its adhesive effect. For assembly purposes, for example, a quick-curing foam is desired, so that the time during which the mounting part must be supported remains short. On the other hand, a foam is desirable that expands to full size, in which it then solidifies

A typical disadvantage of commercial foam systems is that the mixture remains free-flowing for too long and that it takes too long until the foam is fully expanded and thereby becomes "self-supporting". The foam formed partially flows out of the frame and has to be cut away after curing.

In order to counter this problem, additional aids in the form of preassembled cardboard strips or the like are often used. Nevertheless, in most cases it is necessary to cut out any material that has escaped.

On the basis of expected environmental protection regulations, it is also desirable to have an assembly foam system which can be introduced into the packaging system, which is simple in construction, simple and inexpensive to produce and has little environmental impact.

The assembly foams currently on the market are generally of the urethane type (PUR) and typically have an NCO excess of 5 to 10%. This value is somewhat higher for hybrid isocyanate foams (PUR / PIR). Pure isocyanurate foams (PIR) with a low content of urethane groups are known for insulating purposes because of their good fire-retardant properties. They are processed into blocks or plates, there being no special requirements for the foaming time and the curing time and their relationship to one another.

The English terms cream time, πse time and tack free time are used below. This is generally understood to mean the time from mixing the product to

- to the first preliminary reaction, and until the product has a whitish color due to the has started to form cells (cream time),

- the foam is completely expanded (rise time), and

- understand the point in time at which a rubber glove no longer sticks to the foam surface (tack free time).

From US-A-5 294 647 (Blanpeid) a process for the production of CFC / water-driven hard PUR / PIR foams is known which can be used as a dam material. Mainly a polyester polyol is used as the polyol component, the NCO / OH ratio being essentially between 2: 1 and 5: 1. The catalyst system consists of a) a tertiary amine and b) an organic alkali metal salt. The formation of urethane is temporarily delayed by the organic alkali metal salt of the initiator system, while at the same time the tertiary amine requires the reaction between isocyanate and water and thus the formation of carbon dioxide, which acts as the primary foaming agent. The organic metal salt subsequently provides sufficient heat of reaction for the evaporation of the CFC propellant and for the complete expansion of the system before it solidifies. Component a) of the catalyst system can be selected from various types. For example, bis (dimethylammoethyl) ether (Thancat CDP) and 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (K54) can be used. The special composition of the system makes it possible to replace the previously used chlorofluorocarbon blowing agents of the CFC 11 type with HCFC and HCC in combination with water. The examples show that the tack free time is several times shorter than the rise time and that the rise time is extremely long, typically more than 75 seconds. The high alkali acetate can lead to the hydrolysis of, for example, phosphorus-containing fire-retardant additives.

US Pat. No. 4,785,605 (Williams) describes the use of stabilizing (with regard to the reaction time) polyester polyols for the production of polyurethane or polyisocyanate foam Polyester polyols consist of a mixture of a polyester polyol with a molecular weight of 400 to 10,000 and a functionality of 2 to 6, a tertiary amine catalyst, an organic carboxylic acid with a defined dissociation constant that is not decarboxylated, a fluorocarbon blowing agent and one certain amount of a non-amine catalyst. To achieve sufficient stability, there are at least as many carboxylic acid equivalents as amine equivalents. The stable and, in addition, long reaction times (the rise time is more than 1 minute), which are achieved with this polyester mixture even after long storage at elevated temperature, are a result of the salt formation between the amine and the added acid. It is therefore important to use an essentially equivalent amount of acids and amines. The salt formation can prolong the reaction time a little, so that it may be expedient to use a little more amine catalyst and the equivalent amount of acid. Amine catalysts can be selected arbitrarily from the class which also includes bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether and 2,4,6-tris (methylaminomethyl) phenol.

The initiator system has also been used for other purposes, such as in US-A-4,177,173 (Carr) or in an article in the Journal of Applied Polymersigns, vol. 27, 4029-4042 (1982).

A fast and effective curing system made of polymercaptan-polyepoxide is described in the US publication. The system consists of a polymercaptan and at least one poly ((N, N-dimethylamino) alkyl) ether with 2, 3 or 4 tertiary amino groups.

In the aforementioned article there is an investigation of the kinetics of various catalysts and their use in connection with reactions of phenyl isocyanate with water and phenylaniline, in particular for the production of polyurea compounds. Bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether and tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol are also among the catalysts examined. The first step in polyurea formation, namely the reaction between water and isocyanate, is the reaction rate. step in the system. The first-mentioned amine catalyst has the highest rate constant. There is no indication that these catalysts can be used advantageously for PUR / PIR systems.

A number of urethane catalysts are sold, for example, by Condea Chemie GmbH, Germany under the name Thancat. Special trimizing catalysts for isocyanate foams are available, for example, under the name K54 from Anchor Chemicals.

Overall, it would be desirable to have an ultra-fast-reacting urethane foam, the rise time of which ends before non-tackiness sets in.

The aim of the invention is to provide a urethane foam which has appropriate mechanical properties, but which avoids the known problem of too long an expansion time and too short a tack-free time.

This aim is achieved with a two-component system for producing polyurethane foams, which consists of a polyol component A with at least one polyol with a functionality of 2 or more, water and a catalyst system with at least two catalysts, at least one of which is the reaction of the polyisocyanate is able to catalyze with the polyol and / or water and there is at least one further trimerization of isocyanate groups and a polyisocyanate component B with at least one polyisocyanate with a functionality of>> 2, the ratio between the NCO groups in component B and reactive OH groups in component A> 1.

With the foam system according to the invention, the existing prejudice on the market that ultrafast foams harden before they fully expand and can develop their adhesive properties and that they show poor adhesiveness to melamine surfaces is refuted. The foam according to the invention reaches its full volume before it loses its adherence, so that when looking out for cavities and in particular when installing window and door frames, a good and resilient connection between the frame structure and the surrounding masonry is achieved.

With slow-reacting foam types, the thermal conductivity and capacity of the material on which the foam is foamed are of great importance for the result. If a large part of the heat of reaction is removed from the foam via the surrounding substrate, this can lead to the glass temperature or the required reaction temperature of the mixture, particularly during the reaction of the isocyanate groups, "overtaking" the foam temperature, which leads to the termination of the reaction.

Melamine composites, such as chipboard with a melamine surface, have a large heat capacity, which makes it extremely difficult to keep the foam temperature above the glass temperature.

It is therefore an advantage that the foam according to the invention reacts and expands so quickly that it also reaches melamine surfaces in a reactive and adhesive state.

The foams produced with the two-component system according to the invention can be characterized as water-driven, hard, tough, hybrid two-component isocyanurate-urethane-carbamide foams. For certain purposes, it may be expedient to provide a propellant gas component in addition to the water component, it being possible to use propellant gases customary in this field. If only water is present, the CO2 released by the reaction of the water acts as the sole propellant.

The individual components and in particular the polyol part are selected so that the reaction temperature is always above the glass temperature. This is extremely important, otherwise the reaction will stop. It is a precisely agreed and new two-stage catalyst reaction, the course of which is described in detail below.

After mixing, the isocyanate component and the polyol component form a whitish, gas-bubble-containing, low-viscosity mixture which foams by the reaction of the isocyanate groups with the water containing, with the formation of CO 2, until the water is used up. Thereafter, the foam is an unpressurized, tough material, which, however, still sticks due to the excess isocyanate groups. Any additional blowing agents present, for example in the form of liquid gases or low-boiling hydrocarbons, evaporate in the course of this formation process and support the foam formation.

A precisely coordinated excess of isocyanate is of great importance so that the foam does not crosslink prematurely. For this purpose, the catalyst system is oriented in such a way that, after the foam has expanded completely, the remaining isocyanate groups causing the adhesion polymerize to isocyanurate groups. After the isocyanate groups have been completely used up, the foam no longer sticks.

The catalyzed formation of the isocyanurate groups also has the consequence that the flame-retarding and retarding properties of the foam improve.

The combination of these two different reaction paths, the formation of urethane and the formation of isocyanurate, thus results in a number of effects which are not described and which are surprising to the person skilled in the art.

The foam produced according to the invention also has a good cell structure and good strength properties in terms of tensile / compressive strength. In contrast to pure isocyanurate foam, it has only a low brittleness. It was found that the foam produced according to the invention has quite good strength properties that those on assembly foam on the market mostly surpass. In addition, with the foam systems according to the invention there is only a slight odor nuisance during production, use and from the freshly produced foam.

The polyol component used according to the invention is a stable mixture of polyol, water, any additives and blowing agents that may be present.

These effects achieved according to the invention are a result of the combination of certain starting materials, in particular the polyols, catalysts, the blowing agent system and the polyisocyanates. It should be noted, however, that the formulations according to the invention are quite insensitive to deviations in the mixing ratio between polyol component A and isocyanate component B, the specific composition of polyol component A playing a role. This is particularly important when using simple mixing systems in which the required material cannot always be optimally mixed.

The polyol component A expediently consists of a mixture of 2 or more polyols in combination with water, 2 or more catalysts and, if appropriate, a proportion of flame-retardant and surface-active additives, agents for influencing the pore structure and the reology and further blowing agents.

In general, the polyol component should be liquid and stable to hydrolysis within the temperature range important for the application. The polyol component must contain polyols with rapidly reacting OH groups, ie primary or secondary OH groups. The functionality of the individual polyols should be 2 or greater. It is essential for the selection of the polyols that they ensure an appropriate glass transition temperature Difunctional block copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, produced by alkoxylation of, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or water as starter molecules, are particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention. These copolymers generally have molecular weights in the range from 1,000 to 6,000 and OH numbers in the range from 10 to 60 mg KOH / g. Such difunctional block copolymers are often used as surface-active agents in, for example, detergents, but also for IC can foams.

Particularly preferred compounds have molecular weights of 2,000 to 5,000 and in particular of about 4,000. They contain primary OH groups and consist of a middle segment made of polypropylene oxide which is terminated with polyethylene oxide units. The polyols used according to the invention are all liquid, low-viscosity compounds with relatively high equivalent weights, which make the resulting foam soft and elastic.

As additional or alternative polyol components there are naturally occurring polyols such as castor oil. Modified natural oils can also be used with advantage, for example polyols from the transesterification of non-OH-containing triglycerides with glycerol, ethylene glycol and other low molecular weight polyols. Other examples of modified natural oils are epoxidized natural oils, as can be obtained by reaction with alcohols or polyols, for example epoxidized soybean oil. Finally, commercially available diols or tylenes are also suitable, which are obtained by propoxylation or ethoxylation of starter molecules such as water, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, ethylene glycols, propylene glycol or the like.

The use of these special polyols enables relatively large amounts of water to be admixed. If hydrocarbons or similar compounds are used as propellants, these can be mixed in without compatibility problems. When using, for example, pentane-type propellants, far more water could be added than expected. The above-mentioned difunctional block copolymers of propylene oxide, as are available, for example, under the brands Synperonic and Pluronic, are particularly suitable. The low HLB value of these polyols ensures good miscibility with the isocyanate component and facilitates the dispersing in of water. It also has a viscosity-stabilizing effect and as a solvent for other constituents of the polyol component.

A second particularly suitable group of polyols in the polyol component A is a "hard" polyol, as is marketed, for example, under the Arcole brand name. These are aromatic aminopolyols with OH numbers from 400 to 600 and a functionality from 4 to 6. Chemically speaking, they are propoxylated di (hydroxyethylaminomethyl) phenols.

These are highly viscous compounds with a syrupy consistency at room temperature. The viscosity increases with the functionality. Because of the aromatic core, these compounds are self-extinguishing. These aromatic aminopolyols have a very steep increase in viscosity below room temperature, at which the aromatic aminopolyols also assume a glassy form. According to the invention, particularly good results are achieved if polyols of the former "soft" type are combined with those of the latter "hard" type. The weight ratio of "softer" to "hard" polyols can advantageously be between 6: 1 and 1: 2, in particular between 4: 1 and 1: 1.

Another essential aspect of the invention is the catalyst mixture used. The special requirements for the foaming process and the course of curing cannot be met with catalysts that are used in known foam systems. A catalyst system is required which, in addition to the formation of polyurethane, also causes the formation of isocyanurate groups. It is also essential that the used Catalysts for polyurethane formation act sufficiently quickly to meet the requirements for the rise time.

A group of catalysts that meets these requirements are amm compounds with an ether function in the m 2 position from the tertiary nitrogen atom. An example of a compound of this type is bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether, another 2-dimethylammoethyl-3-dimethylammopropyl ether. Such catalysts are sold under the name Thancat CDP or DD.

Another catalyst compound suitable for the system according to the invention is pentamethyldiethylenetriamine.

As the polymerization catalyst for the formation of polyisocyanurate, there are customary catalysts for this reaction, such as potassium carboxylates, for example potassium acetate or octoate; Dabco TMR and Dabco TMR-2, as well as 2,4,6-

Tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, that is, catalysts based on alkali metal carboylates, quaternary ammonium salts or phenol-substituted trialkylamines. Such a catalyst is on the market under the trade name K54.

The combination of a urethane catalyst of the Thancat brand, in particular Thancat CDP or DD, with the polymerization catalyst K54 is particularly preferred and suitable for the foam systems according to the invention.

The catalysts should not be too alkaline nurse if the two-component system according to the invention contains phosphate esters as fire-retarding agents. Phosphate esters are decomposed by alkaline wet nurse in the presence of water.

The Thancat catalysts are known for the rapid catalysis of water or polyol with isocyanate groups. It has been shown that they act much faster than K54 and other trimming catalysts, so that the reaction between isocyanate and Water or polyol runs faster than K54 can catalyze trimerization and curing with formation of isocyanurate.

The two catalysts of the catalyst system and K54 can be used in equal amounts of more than 0.84% by weight, preferably more than about 3.0% by weight, based on the weight of polyol and water and coordinated with the amount of isocyanate . The total content is typically between 7 and 10% by weight, based on polyol and water.

In addition to water, which acts both as a blowing agent and as a reactive and crosslinking component, the polyol component A can contain further blowing agents, insofar as this is necessary or advantageous for certain applications. Low-boiling ethers, hydrocarbons and fluorohydrocarbons, as are customarily used for producing polyurethane foams, are particularly suitable in this connection. According to the invention, preference is given in particular to dimethyl ether, propane, butane, pentane, isopentane and cyclopentane and mixtures thereof. In general, there are liquid or liquefiable propellants whose boiling point is between -40 ° C and 50 ° C.

The isocyanate component B contains at least one polyisocyanate with a functionality of 2 or more. The polyisocyanates primarily include aromatic polyisocyanates such as, for example, MDI (diisocyanatodiphenylmethane) and TDI (tolylene diisocyanate), both in crude form and in the form of the pure isomers or their mixtures (phenylene diisocyanate, Xylylene enthusiocyanate, triphenylmethane trusocyanate, tolylene triol isocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate and NDI (Dnεocyanana naphthalene), prepolymers of aromatic isocyanates and prepolymerized isocyanates such as liquid, carbodumide-containing MDI can also be used.

Aliphatic and alicyclic polyisocyanates can also be used, preferably also in a mixture with aromatic polyisocyanates. Examples were HDI (1,6-diisocyanate hexane) and IPDI (isophorone isocyanate), also hydrogenated MDI and TDI. A proportion of aliphatic polyisocyanates of up to 50% by weight of the isocyanates B is particularly preferred.

It is important overall that the ratio of NCO groups and OH groups is> 1 and is in particular between 1.2 and 2.0. A ratio of approximately 1.3 to approximately 1.8 is preferred, particularly preferably a ratio of approximately 1.4 to approximately 1.6. The excess of NCO equivalents is essential for controlling tack free

NCO groups are understood to mean the total number of NCO groups m in the polyisocyanate component B. The term OH groups refers to the OH groups present in the related polyols and also includes active hydrogen, such as that contained in water and possibly in the amine catalyst and in additives and for reaction with the NCO- Is capable of groups.

If possible, the isocyanate component and the polyol component should be composed in such a way that the components have a reasonably identical viscosity, which promotes miscibility. This is of some importance, especially when mixing in simple mixing inserts such as known static mixers.

Another advantage of the polyol mixture according to the invention is that the viscosity is little dependent on the temperature over a wide temperature range from about 5 ° C. to about 30 ° C. and that the reaction times are largely the same within this temperature interval.

The low temperature sensitivity in relation to known commercial products is a particular advantage since, for example, the room temperature in new buildings etc. typically extends over a wide range. The foam systems according to the invention have, compared to conventional systems, reduced cream time and rise time with, at the same time, adequate tack free time. Under all circumstances, the tack free time only sets after the rise time, so that the foam is fully expanded before it loses its adhesive power. The creamy and viscous nature of the developing product also leads to better adhesion at the desired location and to an optimal foaming process without the product tending to "leak". As a result, the material consumption is reduced and no larger (leaked) amounts of foam have to be removed subsequently.

With the two-component systems according to the invention it is achieved in particular that after mixing the system has eme cream time of 1 to 4 seconds, eme rise time of 4 to 15 seconds and eme tack free time of 10 seconds and more, the tack free time always starts only after the expansion process has ended, generally about 5 seconds later.

Both the polyol component A and the isocyanate component B can contain conventional additives as are known and used in this field. For example, the polyol mixtures can contain large amounts of flame retardants, typically phosphate esters or phosphonates. These can also be used as plasticizers on the foam. Preference should be given to those which are resistant to hydrolysis, for example TCPP (trichloropropylphosphate) or Fyrol PCF (organic phosphoric acid ester).

The amount of water should be sufficient to provide the amount of CO 2 necessary for the foaming process. On the other hand, there should not be too much urea groups in the foam because this increases the brittleness. Overall, the water content should be such that 20 to 50% of the isocyanate groups present in the system can react with water to form urea groups. The brittleness of the resulting foam system be controlled by suitable selection of "soft" polyols and by the addition of plasticizers and fire-retardant additives.

The polyol content in the polyol component is expediently such that about 10 to 50% of the isocyanate groups can react to form polyurethane groups. At the same time, the isocyanate index of the polyisocyanate component should be in the range from 120 to 200. This corresponds to a 20 to 100% excess of isocyanate groups over the OH groups.

The CO2 which is formed by reaction of the water serves primarily as the blowing agent. In addition, it may be desirable to add further blowing agents. For pressureless applications from cartridges, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling point of 25 to 50 ° C. can be used, for example iso- or cyclopentane with boiling points at 28 ° C. and 49 ° C.

If the polyol mixture is not completely homogeneous, the required homogeneity can be achieved by shaking the container immediately before use.

As mentioned, the two-component systems according to the invention can contain customary additives, such as, for example, surface-active compounds, thickeners and the like.

Silicone compounds can be used as the surface-active compound, which ensure a stable cell structure and result in a more elastic surface film, which is important for the foaming phase. The silicones also initiate the formation of bubbles and stabilize the bubbles in the mass. As a result, the bubble size and the elasticity can be influenced.

The density of the foam can be influenced by the blowing agent. When using a conventional vaporizable blowing agent this can be contained in an amount of 3 to 14%, in particular 5 to 11%, based on the polyol part.

It should also be noted that the additives required for the quality of the foam, provided that they do not intervene in the foam formation, can in principle be present in both polyol component A and isocyanate component B, as required.

A particularly preferred polyurethane system for assembly purposes has the following composition:

Poly component A

8 to 28% by weight difunctional polyol

20 to 40% by weight aromatic polyol

15 to 45% by weight flame retardant

1.5 to 10 wt .-% catalyst for urethane formation

0 to 12 wt% catalyst for trimerization

0.5 to 3.0 wt% water

0 to 12% by weight of additional blowing agent (hydrocarbon)

1.5 to 3.0 wt% surfactant.

Isocyanate component B

80 to 100% polyisocyanate

20 to 0% fire retardant additives.

Further preferred compositions can be seen from the examples.

The two-component foam systems according to the invention can be produced both from unpressurized cartridges and from pressure cans. When used from pressurized cans, the two components A and B can be contained in separate pressurized cans and simultaneously applied and mixed using a device known for such purposes. For the storage of the two components, however, conventional 2-component aerosol cans are also suitable, which contain the second component in a separate chamber in its interior, which need is opened by a trigger mechanism that can be operated from the outside and releases its contents into the surrounding pressure cell.

In any case, the isocyanate component B and the polyol component A can be mixed and dispensed using conventional equipment using known tackics.

Since the system according to the invention can be set almost without pressure, it is possible to store components A and B in foil containers and to use them from them. This is an advantage over known printing systems, especially when it comes to product and work safety.

example

A number of compositions for polyol component A and polyisocyanate component B were produced. These formulations can be stored without pressure and, when mixed together, result in foam systems according to the invention which meet the requirements for cream time, rise time and tack free time in each case. All examples gave usable assembly foams with high tensile strength, which are suitable for application to melamine. For each of the compositions, the NCO excess and the NCO index are also given, as is the breakdown of the NCO consumption by water, polyol and trimerization.

Two-component foam systems suitable for application from cartridges were prepared from the formulations for the polyol component A and the isocyanate component B set out in Tables 1 and 2. All data are in percent by weight, unless stated otherwise. Table 1 Polyol component A

Formulation 1/1 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/6 1/7 1/8

EO / PO block copolymer 1 15.9 25.3 15.9 15.9 15.9 21.2 15.9 16.2

Aromatic

Aminopolyol 2 25.1 25.3 25.1 25.1 25.1 33.4 25.1 25.6

Water 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.7 1.7 3.0

(OHZ 6230)

Cyclopentane 11.9

TMCP 50.0 40.4 48.2 48.1 49.1 33.4 35.1 47.5

Silicon SR 321 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.0

UAX6164 4.7

Thancat CDP

70% 3.0 3.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 3.0 1.0

K 54 2.0 2.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 2.7 5.3 2.0

OHZ 262 324 262 324 262 350 243 327

Isocyanate component B

Desmodur

44V20L 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

NCO% content 31.60 31.60 31.60 31.60 31.60 31.60 31.60 31.60

cartridge

Filling weight polyol 93.3 91.1 92.9 92.9 93.1 90.5 89.8 93.0

Filling weight isocyanate 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0

Total mass 189.3 187.1 188.9 188.9 189.1 186.5 185.8 189.0 NCO% excess 6.37 4.40 6.43 4.13 6.39 3.56 7.54 4.

NCO index 166 137 167 134 166 128 186 133 through water Q. 31 47 31 47 31 42 27 47 through polyol ^* o 30 27 30 29 30 37 28 29 through trimming% 39 26 39 24 39 20 45 24

Total% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

EO / PO block copolymer 1 Synperonic L 121 with 10% EO content, MW ca 4400, OHZ 25.5

Aromatic aminopolyol 2 Arcol 3750, OHZ 530

Desmodur 44V20L raw MDI

Table 2 Polyol component A

Formulation 2/1 2/2 2/3 2/4 2/5 2/6 2/7 2/8

Rub oil transesterified 29.0 44.0

Ruböl modified (water) 32.0

Soybean oil modified (methanol) 32.5

EO / PO block copolymer 3 37.0 37.0

EO / PO block copolymer 2 37.0 27.0

EO / PO block copolymer 1 37.0 25.0 20.0 25.0

Aromatic aminopolyol 2 24.0 Aromatic

Aminopolyol 3 24.0 24.0 24.0 10.0

Water 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

(OHZ 6230)

Plasticizer containing phosphorus 29.5 30.5 30.5 29.5 20.0 18.5 24.5 20.0

Flame retardant, containing chlorine 6.5 8.0

Flame retardant, bromine-containing, OHZ 239 10.0 8.0

Stabilizer 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine 3.0 3.0

K 54 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

OHZ 328 331 334 329 269 271 292 289

Isocyanate component B

Desmodur

44V20L 100.0 98.0 98.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Stabilizer 1.0 1.0

Thixotropy 1.0 1.0

NCO% content 31.60 30.97 30.97 31.60 31.60 31.60 31.60 31.60

cartridge

Fill weight polyol 88.5 89.0 88.7 88.9 90.9 88.2 88.5 85.6

The filling weight isocyanate 96.0 95.6 95.6 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 Total mass 184.5 184.7 184.3 184.9 186.9 184.2 184.5 181.6

NCO% content 4.66 4.11 4.04 4.57 6.43 6.76 5.98 6.51

INDEX 139 134 133 138 165 169 157 164 through water 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 through polyol 26 27 28 27 15 13 18 15 through trimming 27 26 25 26 38 40 36 38

Sum m% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Table 2 / Continuation

Polyol component A

Formulation 2/9 2/10 2/11 2/12

Polypropylene triol, OHZ 380 20.0

Castor oil 23.0

Ruböl, modified, (water) 10.5

Ruböl modified, (butanol) 34.0

EO / PO block copolymer 1 15.0 26.0 37.0 30.0

Aromatic aminopolyol 1 10.0

Aromatic

Aminopolyol 3 11. .5

Water 3. .0 3.0 3., 0 3.0

Plasticizer, containing phosphorus 30 .0 31.5 30. .0 30.0

Flame retardant, contains bromine 23 .5 Stabilizer 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Bis (di. Methylaminoeithyl) ether 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

K 54 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

OHZ 301 277 253 297

Isocyanate component B

Desmodur

44V20L 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

NCO% content 31.60 31.60 31.60 31.60

cartridge

Fill weight polyol 86.8 86.4 95.2 87.5

Weight of isocyanate 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0

Total mass 182.8 182.4 191.2 183.5

NCO% content 5.93 6.82 6.46 5.96

INDEX 155 169 169 156 through water 47 47 47 47 through polyol 19 13 13 18 through trim 34 34 40 40 35

Total in% 100 100 100 100

Rub oil, transesterified with ethylene glycol (90:10), OHZ 180

Ruboil epoxidized, modified with water, OHZ 248

Soybean oil, epoxidized, modified with methanol, OHZ 118

Ruboil epoxidized, n-butanol modified, OHZ 137

EO / PO block copolymer 3 (Synperonic L81) with 10% EO content, MW approx. 2700, OHZ 41

EO-PO block copolymer 2 (Synperonic L92) with 20% EO content, MW approx. 3400, OHZ 32 EO / PO block copolymer 1 (Synperonic L121) with 10% EO content, MW ca 4400, OHZ 25.5

Aromatic aminopolyol 1 Arcol 3541, OHZ 475

Aromatic aminopolyol 2 Arcol 3750, OHZ 530

Aromatic aminopolyol 3 Arcol 3758, OHZ 550

All formulations result in foams with good properties in terms of compressive strength and adhesion to wood veneer, melamine, masonry and concrete. The foams have density in the range from 30 to 50 kg / m ³ .

All foams according to Tables 1 and 2 showed the correct order in terms of rise time and tack free time. The foam expansion was closed after 4 to 15 seconds and freedom from tack was reached after 13 to 33 seconds. Due to the extremely short cream time of less than 3 seconds, there was little tendency to run away and flow away. The application was easy in any case. Particularly good strength properties are achieved with an NCO / OH ratio of> _ 1.4.

Claims

claims

1. Two-component system for producing polyurethane foams, consisting of a polyol component A with at least one polyol with a functionality of 2 or more, water and a catalyst system consisting of at least two catalysts, at least one of which is the reaction of the polyisocya is able to catalyze nates with the polyol and / or the water and at least one other is able to catalyze the trimerization of isocyanate groups, and also a polyisocyanate component B with at least one polyisocyanate with a functionality of. 2, where the ratio between NCO groups in component B and OH groups in component A is> 1.

2. Two-component system according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyol component A additionally contains an organic blowing agent.

3. Two-component system according to claim 2, characterized in that the organic blowing agent is a hydrocarbon, ether, fluorocarbon and / or a mixture thereof with a boiling point in the range from -40 ° C to + 50 ° C.

4. Two-component system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that propellant consists of propane, butane, pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether or mixtures thereof.

5. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the poly isocyanate component B aromatic isocyanates, pre- contains polymers made from aromatic isocyanates or prepolymerized isocyanates.

6. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the poly isocyanate component B contains aliphatic polyisocyanates.

7. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyol component A contains one or more polyether polyols having a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 6000 and an OH number from 10 to 60.

8. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyol component A contains at least one aromatic aminopoly lyol having a functionality of 4 to 6 and an OH number of 400 to 600.

9. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyol component A contains naturally occurring polyols, modified natural oils or mixtures thereof.

10. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a catalyst which can catalyze the reaction of the polyisocyanate with water or polyol, bis (2-dimethylammoethyl) ether, 2-dimethylaminoethyl-3-dimethylammopropyl ether, pentamethyltriethylene dia - min, or mixtures thereof.

11. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a potassium carboxylate 2,4,6- as a catalyst which catalyzes the polymerization of isocyanate groups. Tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, Dabco TMR, Dabco TMR-2 or mixtures thereof.

12. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains conventional flame retardants, stabilizers, plasticizers, agents for adjusting the flowability, cell structure and viscosity and the like.

13. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an isocyanate index of the system from 120 to 200.

14. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water content is dimensioned such that 20 to 50% of the isocyanate groups present in the system can react with water to form urea groups.

15. Two-component system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyol content in the polyol component is such that 10 to 50% of the isocyanate groups can react to give polyurethane groups.

16. Cartridge or pressure can system containing daε

Two-component system of one of the preceding claims.

17. Use of a two-component system according to one of claims 1 to 15 for producing assembly, packaging, Fugenεchaum and casting compound.