WO1997020474A1 - Method of increasing the reproduction rate of fish - Google Patents
Method of increasing the reproduction rate of fish Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997020474A1 WO1997020474A1 PCT/EP1996/005417 EP9605417W WO9720474A1 WO 1997020474 A1 WO1997020474 A1 WO 1997020474A1 EP 9605417 W EP9605417 W EP 9605417W WO 9720474 A1 WO9720474 A1 WO 9720474A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- feed
- carnitine
- amount
- increasing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/205—Amine addition salts of organic acids; Inner quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. betaine, carnitine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for increasing the reproduction rate of fish, in particular edible and ornamental fish.
- Fish farming is an important industry in many countries. Not only fish that are used as food are bred, but also ornamental fish for aquariums and ponds. Productivity is the key to the economic success of fish farming. This results from several factors, with the reproduction rate, ie the number of living offspring per female and unit of time, playing an important role. This applies in particular to fish species which lay relatively few eggs or give birth to live young, such as the guppies popular as ornamental fish. For some fish species, the sex of the animals is also decisive for their value, be it because of the different size or growth rate, because of gender-specific products such as roe and caviar, or for ornamental fish because of the often different appearance of males and females.
- this object is achieved by the method according to claim 1. It has surprisingly been found that administration of L-carnitine in an amount of 100 to 5000 mg per kg of feed or a corresponding amount of a physiologically tolerable salt of L-carnitine can significantly increase the reproduction rate of fish. This not only increases the total number of offspring, but also their survival rate. It has been known that adding L-carnitine can increase the growth rate and reduce the percentage of body fat in some fish species (US Pat. No. 5,030,657). However, no positive influence of L-carnitine on the fertility of fish has been reported. It was even more surprising that L-carnitine also affects the number ratio of male to female offspring in some fish species, such as guppies (Poecilia reticulata).
- Physiologically compatible salts of L-carnitine are to be understood here and in the following as all salts with organic or inorganic acids, the anions of which do not show any toxic effects in the dosages in question. These include, for example, the hydrochloride, the tartrate or the (acidic) fumarate.
- the administration can take place together with the usual fish feed or in the form of a separate preparation.
- Appropriate measures advantageously ensure that the readily water-soluble L-carnitine is not leached out of the feed or the preparation before being taken up by the fish. Such measures are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,030,657; they are not the subject of the present invention.
- the L-carnitine is preferably added to the fish feed in an amount of 500 to 2000 mg per kg feed.
- the method according to the invention is preferably used in edible and ornamental fish.
- cichlids cichlids, cichlidae
- tilapia Oleochromis spp.
- tilapia feed composition: 90.1% dry matter, 7.4% ash content, 32.6% crude protein, 3.3% raw fat, 14.1% fiber
- energy content 19.1 kJ / g
- the tilapia feed was ground, mixed with the desired amount of L-carnitine, moistened, kneaded, shaped into flatbreads and frozen. The same procedure was followed with the other mixture. The flatbreads were then chopped for feeding.
- the tilapia feed was given in the morning and the other mixture at noon and in the afternoon, all three rations ad libitum.
- Three groups of parents of the same age were examined (see above), one group (control group) receiving food without the addition of L-carnitine, the second group with 500 mg / kg (0.05%) and the third group with 1000 mg / kg (0.1%) L-carnitine.
- the total number of offspring in 70 days and mortality were determined. The results are summarized in Table 1.
- tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis niloticus ⁇ O. aureus) with an initial body mass of approx. 30 g were fattened to market maturity (> 200 g) in 5,000 1 plastic tanks with continuous water flow. These hybrids are known to be over 95% male. The fattening period was 144 days. The animals were fed a feed mixture with a content of 32.5% crude protein, 3.5% fat, 7.5% ashing residue and 19.1 kJ / g gross energy content in the dry matter, the amount of feed administered continuously increasing as the Body mass was adjusted.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The reproduction rate of fish is increased by administering L-carnitine in an amount of between 100 and 5000 mg per kg feed. With some species, such as for example guppys (Poecilia reticulata), the numerical ratio of male to female offspring can be influenced.
Description
Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Reproduktionsrate von FischenProcess for increasing the reproduction rate of fish
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Reproduktionsrate von Fischen, insbesondere von Speise- und Zierfischen.The present invention relates to a method for increasing the reproduction rate of fish, in particular edible and ornamental fish.
Die Fischzucht ist in vielen Ländern ein wichtiger Erwerbszweig. Gezüchtet werden nicht nur Fische, die als Nahrungsmittel dienen, sondern auch Zierfische für Aquarien und Teiche. Für den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg einer Fischzucht ist in erster Linie die Produktivität massgebend. Diese ergibt sich aus mehreren Faktoren, wobei die Reproduktionsrate, also die Zahl der le- benden Nachkommen pro Weibchen und Zeiteinheit, eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Dies gilt ins¬ besondere für Fischarten, die relativ wenige Eier legen oder lebende Junge gebären, wie bei¬ spielsweise die als Zierfisch beliebten Guppys. Bei einigen Fischarten ist auch das Geschlecht der Tiere für ihren Wert massgeblich, sei es wegen der unterschiedlichen Grösse oder Wachs¬ tumsrate, wegen geschlechtsspezifϊscher Produkte wie Rogen und Kaviar, oder bei Zierfischen wegen des oft unterschiedlichen Aussehens von Männchen und Weibchen.Fish farming is an important industry in many countries. Not only fish that are used as food are bred, but also ornamental fish for aquariums and ponds. Productivity is the key to the economic success of fish farming. This results from several factors, with the reproduction rate, ie the number of living offspring per female and unit of time, playing an important role. This applies in particular to fish species which lay relatively few eggs or give birth to live young, such as the guppies popular as ornamental fish. For some fish species, the sex of the animals is also decisive for their value, be it because of the different size or growth rate, because of gender-specific products such as roe and caviar, or for ornamental fish because of the often different appearance of males and females.
Es war daher wünschenswert, ein Verfahren oder Mittel zur Erhöhung der Reproduktionsrate von Fischen oder ein Verfahren oder Mittel zur Beeinflussung des Zahlenverhältnisses von männlichen und weiblichen Nachkommen zur Verfügung zu haben.It was therefore desirable to have a method or agent for increasing the reproductive rate of fish or a method or agent for influencing the numerical ratio of male and female offspring.
Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe durch das Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Es wurde überraschend gefunden, dass durch Verabreichung von L-Carnitin in einer Menge von 100 bis 5000 mg pro kg Futter oder einer entsprechenden Menge eines physiologisch ver¬ träglichen Salzes des L-Carnitins die Reproduktionsrate von Fischen signifikant erhöht wer- den kann. Hierbei wird nicht nur die Gesamtzahl der Nachkommen erhöht, sondern auch de¬ ren Überlebensrate. Es war bekannt, dass bei einigen Fischarten durch Zufuhr von L-Carnitin die Wachstumsrate erhöht und der Anteil an Körperfett verringert werden kann (US-A 5 030 657). Über einen positiven Einfluss von L-Carnitin auf die Fertilität von Fischen wurde bisher jedoch nicht berichtet. Noch überraschender war, dass L-Carnitin ausserdem bei einigen Fischarten, wie zum Beispiel Guppys (Poecilia reticulata), das Zahlenverhältnis von männlichen zu weiblichen Nachkommen beeinflusst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the method according to claim 1. It has surprisingly been found that administration of L-carnitine in an amount of 100 to 5000 mg per kg of feed or a corresponding amount of a physiologically tolerable salt of L-carnitine can significantly increase the reproduction rate of fish. This not only increases the total number of offspring, but also their survival rate. It has been known that adding L-carnitine can increase the growth rate and reduce the percentage of body fat in some fish species (US Pat. No. 5,030,657). However, no positive influence of L-carnitine on the fertility of fish has been reported. It was even more surprising that L-carnitine also affects the number ratio of male to female offspring in some fish species, such as guppies (Poecilia reticulata).
Unter physiologisch verträglichen Salzen des L-Carnitins sind hier und im folgenden alle Salze mit organischen oder anorganischen Säuren, deren Anionen in den in Frage kommenden Dosierungen keine toxischen Wirkungen zeigen, zu verstehen. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise das Hydrochlorid, das Tartrat oder das (saure) Fumarat.
Die Verabreichung kann sowohl zusammen mit dem üblichen Fischfutter als auch in Form einer separaten Zubereitung erfolgen. Vorteilhaft wird durch geeignete Massnahmen sicher¬ gestellt, dass das leicht wasserlösliche L-Carnitin nicht vor der Aufnahme durch die Fische aus dem Futter bzw. der Zubereitung ausgelaugt wird. Derartige Massnahmen sind beispiels- weise in US-A 5 030 657 beschrieben, sie sind nicht Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.Physiologically compatible salts of L-carnitine are to be understood here and in the following as all salts with organic or inorganic acids, the anions of which do not show any toxic effects in the dosages in question. These include, for example, the hydrochloride, the tartrate or the (acidic) fumarate. The administration can take place together with the usual fish feed or in the form of a separate preparation. Appropriate measures advantageously ensure that the readily water-soluble L-carnitine is not leached out of the feed or the preparation before being taken up by the fish. Such measures are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,030,657; they are not the subject of the present invention.
Vorzugsweise wird das L-Carnitin dem Fischfutter in einer Menge von 500 bis 2000 mg pro kg Futter beigemengt.The L-carnitine is preferably added to the fish feed in an amount of 500 to 2000 mg per kg feed.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren wird vorzugsweise bei Speise- und Zierfischen angewandt.The method according to the invention is preferably used in edible and ornamental fish.
Ebenfalls bevorzugt ist die Anwendung bei Süsswasserfischen.Use in freshwater fish is also preferred.
Besonders bevorzugt ist die Anwendung des Verfahrens bei Cichliden (Buntbarsche, Cichli- dae), insbesondere Tilapien (Oreochromis spp.). Sogar bei Tilapia-Hybriden, die unter norma¬ len Bedingungen praktisch keine Nachkommen erzeugen, weil sie fast ausschliesslich männ¬ lichen Geschlechts sind und die wenigen weiblichen Exemplare wenig fruchtbar sind, wurden überraschenderweise zahlreiche (in diesem speziellen Fall allerdings unerwünschte) Jung¬ fische beobachtet.The use of the method is particularly preferred for cichlids (cichlids, cichlidae), in particular tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Even with tilapia hybrids, which produce practically no offspring under normal conditions because they are almost exclusively of male sex and the few female specimens are not very fertile, surprisingly numerous (in this special case undesirable) juveniles have been observed .
Ebenfalls besonders bevorzugt ist die Anwendung des Verfahrens bei Fischen der Familie Poeciliidae, insbesondere Guppys (Poecilia reticulata). Bei diesen erhöht sich hierdurch auch der Anteil an männlichen Jungtieren, was wegen des im Vergleich zu den Weibchen höheren Handelswerts der Männchen sehr erwünscht ist.Also particularly preferred is the use of the method in fish of the Poeciliidae family, in particular guppies (Poecilia reticulata). These also increase the proportion of male pups, which is very desirable because of the higher commercial value of the males compared to the females.
Die nachfolgenden Beispiele veranschaulichen die Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens.The following examples illustrate the implementation of the method according to the invention.
Beispiel 1example 1
In 800 1 Kunststofftanks mit kontinuierlichem Wasserdurchfluss wurden jeweils Zuchtgrup¬ pen von 20 männlichen und 200 weiblichen erwachsenen blauen Guppys (Poecilia reticulata) in einem Kompartiment des Tanks gehalten. Die Kompartimente wurden durch ein fein- maschiges Netz gebildet, das nur für die Jungtiere durchlässig ist und die erwachsenen Tiere zurückhält. Hierdurch wurde verhindert, dass ein erheblicher Teil der Jungtiere von den er¬ wachsenen Tieren aufgefressen wurde (unter Guppys ist Kannibalismus ziemlich verbreitet).
Die Jungtiere wurden durch ausserhalb der Kompartimente angebrachte Futterschalen durch das Netz gelockt und jeden zweiten Tag dem Tank entnommen, gezählt und in einen anderen Tank umgesetzt, wo sie bis zur handelsüblichen Grösse herangezogen wurden. Jeweils nach 10 Tagen wurde beim Umsetzen der Jungtiere auf einen anderen Tank gewechselt, so dass das Alter der Jungtiere in jedem Aufzuchttank um maximal 11 Tage differierte. Die Wassertempe¬ ratur lag im Bereich von 25 bis 28 °C. Als Futter wurde abwechselnd ein übliches Tilapia- Futter (Zusammensetzung: 90,1% Trockenmasse, 7,4% Aschenanteil, 32,6% Rohprotein, 3,3% Rohfett, 14,1% Faserstoffe; Energieinhalt: 19,1 kJ/g) und eine Mischung aus Fischmehl, Weizenmehl, Kaninchenfutter und Vitaminpremix verabreicht. Das Tilapia-Futter wurde ge¬ mahlen, mit der gewünschten Menge L-Carnitin versetzt, angefeuchtet, geknetet, zu Fladen geformt und eingefroren. Entsprechend wurde mit der anderen Mischung verfahren. Zur Füt¬ terung wurden die Fladen dann zerkleinert. Das Tilapia-Futter wurde jeweils morgens, die andere Mischung mittags und nachmittags gegeben, und zwar alle drei Rationen ad libitum. Es wurden drei gleichaltrige Gruppen von Elterntieren (siehe oben) untersucht, wobei eine Gruppe (Kontrollgruppe) Futter ohne Zusatz von L-Carnitin erhielt, die zweite Gruppe solches mit 500 mg/kg (0,05%) und die dritte Gruppe Futter mit 1000 mg/kg (0,1%) L-Carnitin. Be¬ stimmt wurden die Gesamtzahl der Nachkommen in 70 Tagen und die Mortalität. Die Ergeb¬ nisse sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengefasst.Breeding groups of 20 male and 200 female adult blue guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were kept in a compartment of the tank in 800 l plastic tanks with continuous water flow. The compartments were formed by a fine-mesh network that is permeable only to the young animals and retains the adult animals. This prevented a considerable part of the young animals from being eaten by the adult animals (cannibalism is quite common among guppies). The young animals were lured through the net by feeding bowls attached outside the compartments and removed from the tank every other day, counted and transferred to another tank, where they were used up to the commercial size. After every 10 days, the young animals were switched to a different tank, so that the age of the young animals differed by a maximum of 11 days in each breeding tank. The water temperature ranged from 25 to 28 ° C. Alternating tilapia feed (composition: 90.1% dry matter, 7.4% ash content, 32.6% crude protein, 3.3% raw fat, 14.1% fiber) was alternately used as feed; energy content: 19.1 kJ / g ) and a mixture of fish meal, wheat flour, rabbit food and vitamin premix. The tilapia feed was ground, mixed with the desired amount of L-carnitine, moistened, kneaded, shaped into flatbreads and frozen. The same procedure was followed with the other mixture. The flatbreads were then chopped for feeding. The tilapia feed was given in the morning and the other mixture at noon and in the afternoon, all three rations ad libitum. Three groups of parents of the same age were examined (see above), one group (control group) receiving food without the addition of L-carnitine, the second group with 500 mg / kg (0.05%) and the third group with 1000 mg / kg (0.1%) L-carnitine. The total number of offspring in 70 days and mortality were determined. The results are summarized in Table 1.
Tabelle 1Table 1
Beispiel 2Example 2
In 5000 1-Kunststofftanks mit kontinuierlichem Wasserdurchfluss wurden jeweils 500 Tilapia- Hybriden (Oreochromis niloticus χ O. aureus) mit einer anfänglichen Körpermasse von ca. 30 g bis zur Marktreife (>200 g) gemästet. Diese Hybriden sind dafür bekannt, dass sie zu über 95% männlichen Geschlechts sind. Die Mastdauer betrug 144 Tage. Die Tiere wurden mit einer Futtermischung mit einem Gehalt von 32,5% Rohprotein, 3,5% Fett, 7,5% Ver- aschungsrückstand und 19,1 kJ/g Bruttoenergieinhalt in der Trockenmasse gefüttert, wobei die verabreichte Futtermenge kontinuierlich dem Zuwachs der Körpermasse angepasst wurde. Es wurden drei Gruppen von je drei Tanks gebildet, wobei eine Gruppe (Kontrollgruppe) Fut-
ter ohne Carnitinzusatz erhielt und bei den beiden anderen dem Futter 150 mg/kg bzw. 300 mg/kg L-Carnitin zugesetzt wurden. In den Tanks der Kontrollgruppe wurden keine Jung¬ fische beobachtet, während in den Tanks mit L-Carnitin-Zusatz ca. 20 bzw. 40 Nachkommen je Tank gefunden wurden.
500 tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis niloticus χ O. aureus) with an initial body mass of approx. 30 g were fattened to market maturity (> 200 g) in 5,000 1 plastic tanks with continuous water flow. These hybrids are known to be over 95% male. The fattening period was 144 days. The animals were fed a feed mixture with a content of 32.5% crude protein, 3.5% fat, 7.5% ashing residue and 19.1 kJ / g gross energy content in the dry matter, the amount of feed administered continuously increasing as the Body mass was adjusted. Three groups of three tanks each were formed, one group (control group) fut ter without added carnitine and 150 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg L-carnitine were added to the feed for the other two. No young fish were observed in the tanks of the control group, while in the tanks with L-carnitine addition about 20 or 40 offspring were found per tank.
Claims
1. Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Reproduktionsrate von Fischen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diesen L-Camitin in einer Menge von 100 bis 5000 mg pro kg Futter oder eine ent- sprechende Menge eines physiologisch verträglichen Salzes des L-Carnitins verabreicht wird.1. A method for increasing the reproduction rate of fish, characterized in that this L-camitine is administered in an amount of 100 to 5000 mg per kg of feed or a corresponding amount of a physiologically tolerable salt of L-carnitine.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das L-Camitin in einer Menge von 500 bis 2000 mg pro kg Futter dem Futter beigemengt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the L-camitin is added to the feed in an amount of 500 to 2000 mg per kg of feed.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Fische Speisefische eingesetzt werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that edible fish are used as fish.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Fische Cichliden eingesetzt werden.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that cichlids are used as fish.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Cichliden Tilapien. insbe¬ sondere solche der Gattung Oreochromis, eingesetzt werden.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that tilapia as cichlids. in particular those of the genus Oreochromis can be used.
6. Verfahren nach Anspmch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Fische Süsswasser- fische eingesetzt werden.6. The method according to Anspmch 1 or 2, characterized in that freshwater fish are used as fish.
7. Verfahren nach Anspmch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Fische Zierfische eingesetzt werden.7. The method according to Anspmch 1 or 2, characterized in that ornamental fish are used as fish.
8. Verfahren nach Anspmch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Fische solche der Familie Poeciliidae, insbesondere Guppys (Poecilia reticulata), eingesetzt werden.8. The method according to Anspmch 7, characterized in that those of the family Poeciliidae, in particular guppies (Poecilia reticulata), are used as fish.
9. Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Anteils an männlichen Nachkommen bei Guppys (Poecilia reticulata), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diesen L-Camitin in einer Menge von 100 bis9. A method for increasing the proportion of male offspring in guppies (Poecilia reticulata), characterized in that this L-camitin in an amount of 100 to
5000 mg pro kg Futter oder eine entsprechende Menge eines physiologisch verträglichen Salzes des L-Carnitins verabreicht wird.5000 mg per kg of feed or a corresponding amount of a physiologically acceptable salt of L-carnitine is administered.
10. Verwendung von L-Camitin oder physiologisch verträglichen Salzen des L-Carnitins zur Erhöhung der Reproduktionsrate von Fischen, insbesondere Zier- und Speisefischen. 1. Verwendung von L-Camitin oder physiologisch verträglichen Salzen des L-Camitins als Futterzusatz für Zierfische. 10. Use of L-camitine or physiologically acceptable salts of L-carnitine to increase the reproduction rate of fish, in particular ornamental and edible fish. 1. Use of L-camitin or physiologically acceptable salts of L-camitin as a feed additive for ornamental fish.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU11904/97A AU1190497A (en) | 1995-12-07 | 1996-12-04 | Method of increasing the reproduction rate of fish |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3453/95 | 1995-12-07 | ||
| CH345395 | 1995-12-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997020474A1 true WO1997020474A1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
Family
ID=4256277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1996/005417 WO1997020474A1 (en) | 1995-12-07 | 1996-12-04 | Method of increasing the reproduction rate of fish |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU1190497A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997020474A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999041979A1 (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-08-26 | Lonza Ag | Method for increasing the resistance of fish to the cold |
| CN101904435A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2010-12-08 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Meat quality and flavor improver for tilapia mossambica and preparation method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56121441A (en) * | 1980-02-27 | 1981-09-24 | Shimahisa Yakuhin Kk | Feed additive for culturing fish or shell |
| US5030657A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1991-07-09 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | L-carnitine supplemented catfish diet |
| JPH05103597A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1993-04-27 | Yukio Yanagimoto | Feed for aquatic organism |
| WO1996025859A1 (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-08-29 | Lonza Ag | Use of l-carnitine as a feed-additive for crustaceans |
-
1996
- 1996-12-04 WO PCT/EP1996/005417 patent/WO1997020474A1/en active Application Filing
- 1996-12-04 AU AU11904/97A patent/AU1190497A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56121441A (en) * | 1980-02-27 | 1981-09-24 | Shimahisa Yakuhin Kk | Feed additive for culturing fish or shell |
| US5030657A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1991-07-09 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | L-carnitine supplemented catfish diet |
| JPH05103597A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1993-04-27 | Yukio Yanagimoto | Feed for aquatic organism |
| WO1996025859A1 (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-08-29 | Lonza Ag | Use of l-carnitine as a feed-additive for crustaceans |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 005, no. 200 (C - 084) 18 December 1981 (1981-12-18) * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 446 (C - 1098) 17 August 1993 (1993-08-17) * |
| V. JAYAPRAKAS ET AL.: "Effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth and reproductive performance of male Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters)", FISHERY TECHNOLOGY, vol. 33, no. 2, 1996, pages 84 - 90, XP000645958 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999041979A1 (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-08-26 | Lonza Ag | Method for increasing the resistance of fish to the cold |
| CN101904435A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2010-12-08 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Meat quality and flavor improver for tilapia mossambica and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1190497A (en) | 1997-06-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE69130924T2 (en) | CAPSAICIN OR ITS DERIVATIVES OR ANALOG-CONTAINING BIRD FEED | |
| DE2953334C1 (en) | 3- (2,2,2-Trimethylhydrazinium) propionate, process for its preparation and feed containing it | |
| DE1692452B2 (en) | Mixture of feed additives for ruminants | |
| DE60203624T2 (en) | FEED MODIFICATION FOR INCREASING FERTILITY | |
| DE69726283T2 (en) | Process for rearing high-performance cows using amino acids protected from rumen digestion | |
| WO1997020474A1 (en) | Method of increasing the reproduction rate of fish | |
| EP1333728B1 (en) | Feedstuff | |
| DE3722764A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR PROMOTING HEALTH AND GROWTH OF PIGLETS | |
| DE1692503C3 (en) | Use of a mixture containing fat, at least one emulsifier and starchy components as a complete feed for Mustelhden | |
| EP4003050B1 (en) | Use of a composition to reduce feather loss in birds | |
| EP3407732B1 (en) | Animal feed additive comprising diurnosid and/or cestrumoside | |
| DE60002026T2 (en) | Use of stevia powder to prevent eggshell breakage | |
| DE3002338A1 (en) | MEANS AND METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE PRESERVATION OF PRE-RABBIT | |
| DE2257630A1 (en) | POULTRY FEED | |
| DE69931492T2 (en) | L-CALCIUM PIDOLATE CONTAINING COMPOSITION FOR LEGEGE WING | |
| DE1492881A1 (en) | Feed for piglets | |
| CH630236A5 (en) | Method of combat development of flying in the mist of warm blue tern. | |
| DE2321596A1 (en) | METHOD AND MEANS OF FERTILITY CONTROL | |
| DE1692447C (en) | Use of tree and rock lichens as an active ingredient in animal feed | |
| DE2010709C (en) | Process for rearing crustaceans in large quantities | |
| EP4241572A1 (en) | Animal feed or animal feed additive with canadine and / or canadine derivative | |
| DE1593977C3 (en) | S ^ -Dinitrosalicyläur-S-nitrofurfurylidene hydrazide and processes for its preparation and feedstuffs and chemotherapeutic agents for poultry breeding containing this compound | |
| DE2553020C2 (en) | Use of grain equipped with a seed husk and containing sodium diacetate as fodder | |
| DE1692392C3 (en) | Complementary feed | |
| DE1816722A1 (en) | Method of treating pregnant female mammals |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG |
|
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 97520986 Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
| REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |