WO1997018039A1 - Systeme de cyclone pour separer des particules d'un flux de liquide - Google Patents
Systeme de cyclone pour separer des particules d'un flux de liquide Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997018039A1 WO1997018039A1 PCT/US1995/014754 US9514754W WO9718039A1 WO 1997018039 A1 WO1997018039 A1 WO 1997018039A1 US 9514754 W US9514754 W US 9514754W WO 9718039 A1 WO9718039 A1 WO 9718039A1
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- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- liquid
- liquid stream
- stream according
- separating particles
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009300 dissolved air flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1431—Dissolved air flotation machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/0018—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation provided with a pump mounted in or on a settling tank
- B01D21/0021—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation provided with a pump mounted in or on a settling tank provided with a jet pump
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/26—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force
- B01D21/267—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force by using a cyclone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/30—Control equipment
- B01D21/302—Active control mechanisms with external energy, e.g. with solenoid valve
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/30—Control equipment
- B01D21/34—Controlling the feed distribution; Controlling the liquid level ; Control of process parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
- B03D1/028—Control and monitoring of flotation processes; computer models therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1418—Flotation machines using centrifugal forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1443—Feed or discharge mechanisms for flotation tanks
- B03D1/1475—Flotation tanks having means for discharging the pulp, e.g. as a bleed stream
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1493—Flotation machines with means for establishing a specified flow pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/16—Flotation machines with impellers; Subaeration machines
- B03D1/18—Flotation machines with impellers; Subaeration machines without air supply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/24—Pneumatic
- B03D1/247—Mixing gas and slurry in a device separate from the flotation tank, i.e. reactor-separator type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2221/00—Applications of separation devices
- B01D2221/02—Small separation devices for domestic application, e.g. for canteens, industrial kitchen, washing machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1412—Flotation machines with baffles, e.g. at the wall for redirecting settling solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1437—Flotation machines using electroflotation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
- B04C2009/001—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with means for electrostatic separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
- B04C2009/002—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with external filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
- B04C2009/007—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with internal rotors, e.g. impeller, ventilator, fan, blower, pump
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to systems for removing contaminants from liquids and, more specifically to a system for removing particles, both large or heavy particles and light, fine or buoyant particles from a liquid stream.
- Water supplies for domestic drinking water, process water for chemical plants or other liquids are often contaminated with both large, heavy particles and fine, light, buoyant particles.
- the ⁇ e particles must be removed in a reliable, cost effective manner.
- Contaminates have been found to pass through a sand filter whenever water flow rates are changed and whenever the pump is stopped and turned on again. In order to meet standards, it may be necessary to pump filtered water to waste after every backwash cycle, disposing of thousands of gallons of water, until the filter "ripens" or compacts. Thus, these filter systems are less than desirable for use today.
- Particulate material has also been removed from liquids by floatation, another gravitational method, in which bubbles of a gas, such as air or oxygen, are introduced into the lower levels of the liquid and float to the top, carrying fine particles with them.
- Flotation is a gravitational method because the rise of bubbles is due to the gravitational acceleration acting on the mass of the liquid in accordance with the basic force equals mass time acceleration relationship.
- a force balance relative to a pocket of gas phase within liquid (a bubble) where the mass of the bubble is its volume times its density, shows that the bubble must rise to find equilibrium, because the density of a gas is generally less than that of a liquid.
- Gravitational methods for separation of particles from a liquid, such as water, are particularly inefficient where the particles to be removed are close in density to water or so small that they remain suspended for very long periods of time.
- The requires a very large storage volume for a filter or floatation system to process large volumes of liquid.
- Ozone oxygen or air are sometimes mixed with water or other liquids to oxidize suspended solids, in particular organic contaminants.
- the ozone gas is applied at the base of a tall column.
- the ozone-oxygen bubbles float to the surface slowly, their upward movement slowed by the downward counter flow of the water stream.
- the concentration of dissolved ozone- oxygen is undesirably diluted in the larger vertical columns. While ozone-oxygen contact in mixing chambers is generally effective, there is a need for improved mixing in smaller mixing vessels.
- Cyclone separators are often used to separate heavy particulate material from liquids such as water. Typical of such cyclone systems is that described by Laval in U.S. Patent 3,568,837. In such separators, a fluid stream is directed at high velocity into a cylindrical tank at an angle that cause the fluid to rotate at high speed, driving entrained particles to the wall from which the particles move downward into a conical tank bottom with a central valve for removing the collected particles. The liquid is removed from the center top of the tank.
- conventional cyclone suspended solids separators only remove heavy particles, with any entrained gases and light or buoyant particles remaining in the exiting fluid stream.
- a version of the cyclone type separator called the hydrocyclone as originally described by Miller in U.S. Patent No. 4,279,743 uses a cylindrical chamber having a mesh wall through which air is introduced into a rotating mixture of water and fine mineral particles. Bubbles are generated to which fine particles adhere. Bubbles and fine particles pass through an overflow outlet and water with heavy particles pass out through an underflow outlet. While effective in fine mineral separation, this device is not capable of separating both fine, light particles and dense, heavy particles from the liquid to clean the liquid. Further, since only inlet velocity cause the vortex to form and the very rough mesh surface exerts considerable drag on the rotating vortex, the mesh reduces vortex velocity and efficiency. Further, large amounts of heavy, large particles tend to clog the mesh surface.
- a particle separation system using centrifical velocity fields to generate centripetal forces on the influent particle bearing liquid that are many times greater than the forces associated with gravitational acceleration to separate the influent into three effluent streams, an outerflow containing larger and higher density particles, an annular flow containing liquid substantially free of particles and a central flow containing light, buoyant, or very fine particles.
- This system can separate solid particles from liquids, colloidal liquid particles in an immiscible liquid phase, etc.
- the separation chamber may be operated in a horizontal or some other plane, it preferably is arranged substantially vertically.
- the chamber is elongated and preferably has a circular cross section, with a preferred length to diameter ratio of at least 4.
- An optimum length to diameter ratio is from about 12 to 15.
- An axial impeller driven by an electric motor or the like, is provided near one end of the chamber to aid in maintaining the vortex flow.
- Influent liquid is directed into one end of the chamber at a tangential angle to the chamber diameter.
- the influent liquid may contain gas bubbles, or may be saturated with a gas under pressure to aid in generating gas bubbles in the liquid in the chamber, as desired.
- a venturi may be provided at the influent entry line for mixing air or other gas into the influent liquid flow.
- a plurality of injection jets are provided at selected locations along and through the length of the outer wall of the chamber for introducing air, another selected gas or a gas-saturated liquid under a pressure higher than the pressure within the chamber. Jets may be provided at any suitable locations around the circumference and along the length of the chamber. These jets are preferably oriented to direct the fluid being introduced in a tangential direction to aid in maintaining the vortex flow of liquid in the chamber.
- the jets may be either separate nozzles inserted in openings in the chamber wall having suitable fine holes or fine holes directly formed at the desired tangential angle in the wall of the chamber, such as by conventional laser drilling. In the case of nozzles, the entire nozzles may be oriented in the preferred tangential direction, or the fine holes in the nozzle outlet may be formed in the desired direction
- each jet will have a flow rate of from about 0.5 to 0.7 gallons per minute.
- at least 1 jet will be provided per lineal inch of the separator system length, at least in the central section spaced from the influent and affluent assemblies.
- the total flow through the jets will range from about 1 to 50 per cent of the process stream flow (including the main influent flow). While any suitable jet pattern and inlet flow direction may be used, the insertion angle will preferably be parallel to a tangent to the inner chamber surface with the injected liquid moving in the same direction as the vortex flow.
- Any suitable jet nozzle configuration may be used with gas or saturated liquid.
- Typical saturated liquid nozzles are described by Rykaart et al. in the paper "Behavior of Air Injection Nozzles in Dissolved Air Flotation", Proceedings of the IAWQ-IWSA-AWWA Joint Specialized Conference on Flotation Processes in Water and Sludge Treatment, Orlando FL, 26-28 April 1994.
- a piezo electric or ultrasonic actuator may advantageously used near the tip of a jet nozzle to aid in producing smaller bubbles.
- an effluent line for carrying away the outerflow from the chamber interior periphery, containing heavy or high density particles and an annular effluent line for carrying away cleaned liquid from an annular region of the chamber, between the outer heavy particle region and the central fine or low density particle region.
- An effluent line for removing the mixture of buoyant, light or fine, particles and gas from the axial region of the chamber is provided at one end of the chamber.
- Flow of influent liquid and effluent liquids in the chamber may be either co-current or counter current, as desired.
- the influent particle-bearing liquid enters tangentially into the top of the chamber, with an impeller near the top of the chamber reinforcing the vortex flow.
- the influent passes downwardly separating into three regions, an outer region enriched in heavy large particles, a central region enriched in the gas (generally forming a froth) and light, fine and buoyant particles and an annular region between the outer and central regions which is significantly reduced in particle concentration, often substantially free of particles.
- Heavy particles in the outer region move down the chamber wall and exit through the heavy particle outflow.
- the light particles and gas exit through the axial outflow line.
- the cleaned liquid exits through the annular outflow line.
- a second preferred embodiment of a co-current particle separation system operates generally similarly to the first system, described above, but has the liquid influent and impeller at the bottom of the chamber and the three outflow lines at the top.
- a preferred embodiment of a counter current separator system has the impeller and the outflow lines for the outer, heavy particle region and for the annular, cleaned liquid, at the bottom and the particle bearing influent entering at the top and having the outflow for the central, fine, light, buoyant particle and gas froth at the top.
- upper and/or lower sections having greater diameters such as a rounded "barbell" shapes having rounded walls tapering inwardly toward a narrower central section, or conical sections with apexes toward the center may have significant advantages in specific applications.
- the use of piezoelectric or ultrasonic transducers may be advantageously incorporated into the tips of the jets along the chamber to produce smaller bubbles.
- an electrochemical gas phase production device along the inner wall of the chamber may be used advantageously in producing small bubbles all along the chamber interior wall.
- magnets along the chamber wall may be used to increase the separation of such particles.
- an electromagnet may be used to draw such particles to the outer region, then turned off to allow the particles to move downwardly to the heavy particle outflow line.
- one or more offset recirculating pumps may be used.
- the pump will be arranged adjacent to the chamber, with the pump inlet and outlets penetrating the chamber wall tangentially to the wall so that both the drawing of liquid from the chamber and the return of the liquid will increase the vortex forces.
- a center section may be made rotatable relative to the end sections.
- the rotating center section will entrain liquid through friction and increase the vortex.
- ozone may be introduced with the influent liquid and the clean, annular region, liquid may be passed through additional high-efficiency filter systems of the sort described in parent U.S. Patent Application, Serial No. 08/188,092, filed January 28, 1994.
- Figure 1 is a schematic elevation view, partially in section, of a first embodiment of a co-current particle separation system
- Figure 2 is a schematic detail plan view of the system of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a schematic elevation view, partially in section, of a second embodiment of a co-current particle separation system
- Figure 4 is a schematic elevation view, partially in section, of a of a counter-current particle separation system
- Figure 5 is a schematic detail elevation view, partially in section, of the impeller and lower outflow section of the embodiment of Figure 3 ;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic detail of an electrochemical gas generation embodiment
- Figure 7 is a schematic elevation view of a second embodiment of the system separation chamber
- Figure 8 is a schematic elevation view of a third embodiment of the system separation chamber
- Figure 9 is a schematic transverse section view through the separation chamber, showing use of an offset recirculating pump
- Figure 10 is a schematic elevation view showing an arrangement for rotating part of the separation chamber to increase the vortex
- Figure 11 shows detail axial sections through a jet nozzle shell and adjustment insert incorporating a piezo electric or ultrasonic actuator
- Figure 12 is a schematic elevation view, partly cut away, illustrating the use of magnets to aid particle separation.
- a particle bearing liquid such as water from a lake or well to be treated to potable water standards, is directed into chamber 10 through an inlet 13.
- the liquid may contain a gas, such as air, oxygen or the like, under pressure so that the gas nucleates and forms small bubbles after entering chamber 10.
- Any conventional gas mixing chamber 15 may be used.
- inlet 10 enters at an angle tangential to chamber 10 to establish a rotating vortex in the water column within chamber 10.
- a shaft 14 with suitable seals to prevent leakage, enters chamber and is supported for rotation on support 16.
- An impeller 18 is mounted on shaft 14 for rotation therewith. Shaft 14 is rotated by motor 20. Impeller 18 is rotated in the same direction as the vortex generated by the influent liquid, so as to reinforce the vortex.
- a conventional venturi 21 may be provided to entrain air in a liquid passing through the venturi and mix that air with the influent liquid to add further bubbles to the liquid in chamber 10.
- a plurality of inlet jets 12 for directing a gas, such as air, a gas saturated liquid under pressure or the like into chamber 10 are provided at selected locations along the chamber, as detailed above.
- a gas may be directly introduced into the chamber to form small bubbles.
- a saturated liquid containing a gas under high pressure may be introduced through jets 12, to form bubbles spontaneously as the saturated liquid enters the lower pressure chamber.
- the vortex causes separation of the rotating liquid mass into three regions, an outer region containing heavy, large, particles, an axial region containing light, fine, buoyant particles and gas and a clean liquid annular region therebetween.
- Heavy particles move downwardly along the inner wall of chamber 10 and exit with a small amount of liquid through heavy particle outflow line 24.
- the mixture of gas and light particles generally in the form of a froth, passes down the center of chamber 10 and exits with a small amount of liquid through air outflow line 26.
- the cleaned liquid in the annular region moves down adjacent to the chamber wall and out annular receiver 28 to annular outflow line 30. Baffles 32 around the edge of annular receiver 28 aid in separating heavy particles from the cleaned liquid.
- the heavy particles from line 24 and froth from line 26 are generally passed to waste while the cleaned liquid from line 30 is passed to further treatment facilities, such as filters, post treatment systems and the like, then put into use.
- FIG. 3 A second co-current flow embodiment is shown in Figure 3.
- Chamber 10 and jets 12 are basically the same as in Figure 1.
- the particle bearing liquid enters at the bottom of chamber through a tangential line 13 as in Figure 1.
- the assembly of shaft 14, support 16, impeller 18, motor 20 and belt 22 are basically the same as in Figure 1, except that assembly is now mounted at the bottom of chamber 10.
- the heavy particle outer region along the inner wall of chamber 10 is forced and swept upwardly and out through heavy particle outflow line.
- the axial mixture of light particles and gas passes axially up the center of chamber and out through axial air outflow line 26.
- the cleaned liquid in the annular region passes up and out through annular receiver 28 to annular outflow line 30, past baffles 32.
- FIGS 4 and 5 provide schematic representations of third embodiment of the separator of this invention; in this case, a counter flow arrangement.
- influent particle carrying liquid enters tangentially through inlet 13 at the top of chamber 10 to establish a vortex.
- Impeller 18 reinforces the vortex within chamber 10.
- the axial mixture of gas and small, f ne and buoyant particles in this case moves counter current to the liquid flow, exiting through air outlet line 26 at the top of chamber 10.
- Impeller 18 is mounted on shaft 14 which passes outside the chamber to belt drive 22. Seals 34 and 36 prevent leakage of liquid around shaft 14. Heavy particles moving downwardly along the inner wall of chamber 10 under gravity forces and the downward flow of liquid, move along the wall into housing 38 and out through heavy particle outflow line 24 with a selected quantity of liquid. The cleaned liquid in the annular region moves downwardly between the exterior of impeller shroud 40 and the heavy particles, into housing 42 and out through annular outflow line 30. Baffles 32 aid in directing heavy particles in to housing 38.
- impeller shroud 40 may be made slidably adjustable in a vertical direction where it passes through a conventional seal 43 through the base 44 of housing 42.
- the width of shroud 40 and the height of the edges 46, which serves to limit turbulence between the shroud 40 and the inner wall of chamber 10, above impeller 18 could be made adjustable so as to permit the assembly to be “tuned” for optimum operation and most accurate separation of the different regions .
- Figure 6 is a detail flow schematically showing another means for generating small gas bubbles within the liquid in chamber 10 where the liquid is water or another suitable liquid.
- Closely spaced positively charged bands 48 and negatively charged bands 50 could be used to electrochemically decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen bubbles or other suitable liquid into gaseous components. These bubbles would act, with the bubbles produced by the other means described, to carry fine, light and buoyant particles into the axial region and out of the chamber.
- Figure 7 shows a configuration in which chamber 10 includes a downwardly rounded dome portion 52 and an upwardly rounded dome portion 54, separated by a short cylindrical portion 56. Other components of the system are very approximately shown to illustrate the relationship of components.
- the chamber 10 of Figure 7 could be used with any of the inlet, impeller and outlet embodiments as shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4.
- Figure 8 shows an arrangement in which chamber 10 includes a conical portion 58 and 60, oriented with apexes toward each other and connected to short cylindrical portion 62. Other components of the system are very approximately shown to illustrate the relationship of components.
- the chamber 10 of Figure 7 could be used with any of the inlet, impeller and outlet embodiments as shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4.
- Figures 7 and 8 have advantages of changing velocity profiles as may be desirably with different liquids.
- Figure 9 shows in a schematic transverse section through chamber 10 (as seen in Figures 1, 3 or 4, or the cylindrical section 56 or 62 in Figures 7 and 8, respectively) with an offset recirculating pump 64 connected to the chamber.
- the vortex within chamber 10 is rotating in the direction indicated by arrow 66.
- the pump suction line 68 draws liquid from chamber 10 tangentially in the direction of vortex rotation.
- Return line 70 directs high pressure flow from pump 64 back to chamber 10 tangential to the vortex flow.
- both suction and return serve to reinforce vortex rotation.
- FIG 10 schematically illustrates another arrangement for increasing the vortex without need for jets 12 as shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4.
- a central section 70 of chamber 10 is connected to two stationary end chamber sections 72 through conventional rotating seals 73.
- a motor 76 rotates central section 70 through a belt drive 78.
- center section 70 As center section 70 rotates, liquid within chamber section 70 will be entrained by friction with the inner section surface and reinforce the vortex. If desired, a roughened inner surfaces, baffles, etc may be used to increase liquid entrainment.
- Figure 11 shows axial sections through a nozzle outer shell 80 and insert 82.
- the output end 84 of shell 80 is secured in an opening in the wall of chamber 10 and insert 82 is placed therein and connected to a fluid source.
- the fluid gas or gas saturated liquid
- nozzle outlets 86 For optimum production of smallest diameter bubbles, it is preferred that a conventional piezo electric or ultrasonic actuator 88 be secured in shell 80 adjacent to outlets 86.
- FIG 12 is a detail view showing a preferred placement for magnets to aid in separation of heavy particles of magnetic material.
- Magnets 90 are preferably placed adjacent to chamber 10 near the lower end of the chamber and adjacent to housing 38. The magnets will aid baffles 32 in guiding heavy magnetic particles along the outer chamber and housing walls toward heavy particle outlet 24.
- the wall of chamber 10 and housing 38 adjacent to magnets 90 should be formed from non magnetic material. While any suitable magnets, either permanent magnets or electromagnets can be used, electromagnets are generally preferred since they can be turned off when not needed or to release any magnetic particles held too tightly to the inner walls of chamber 10 or housing 38.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/188,092 US5451318A (en) | 1994-01-28 | 1994-01-28 | Solids separator boundary layer effect filtration system |
US08/254,397 US5470465A (en) | 1994-01-28 | 1994-06-06 | Vortex system for separating particles from a liquid stream |
AU18352/95A AU1835295A (en) | 1994-01-28 | 1995-01-25 | Solids separator boundary layer effect filtration system |
PCT/US1995/001157 WO1995020430A1 (fr) | 1994-01-28 | 1995-01-25 | Systeme de filtration a effet de couche limite dans un separateur de solides |
CA002237672A CA2237672A1 (fr) | 1995-11-14 | 1995-11-14 | Systeme de cyclone pour separer des particules d'un flux de liquide |
PCT/US1995/014754 WO1997018039A1 (fr) | 1994-01-28 | 1995-11-14 | Systeme de cyclone pour separer des particules d'un flux de liquide |
EP95939142A EP0873194A4 (fr) | 1995-11-14 | 1995-11-14 | Systeme de cyclone pour separer des particules d'un flux de liquide |
AU41086/96A AU705917B2 (en) | 1995-11-14 | 1995-11-14 | Vortex system for separating particles from a liquid stream |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/188,092 US5451318A (en) | 1994-01-28 | 1994-01-28 | Solids separator boundary layer effect filtration system |
CA002237672A CA2237672A1 (fr) | 1995-11-14 | 1995-11-14 | Systeme de cyclone pour separer des particules d'un flux de liquide |
PCT/US1995/014754 WO1997018039A1 (fr) | 1994-01-28 | 1995-11-14 | Systeme de cyclone pour separer des particules d'un flux de liquide |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997018039A1 true WO1997018039A1 (fr) | 1997-05-22 |
Family
ID=25680203
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/014754 WO1997018039A1 (fr) | 1994-01-28 | 1995-11-14 | Systeme de cyclone pour separer des particules d'un flux de liquide |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0873194A4 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU705917B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2237672A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997018039A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2371965A (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-14 | Future Sea Technologies Inc | Debris separating system for fish pens |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5009796A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1991-04-23 | Robert Adler | Methods and apparatus for treating a mixture of particles and fluids |
US5028318A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1991-07-02 | Aeroquip Corporation | Cyclonic system for separating debris particles from fluids |
US5224604A (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1993-07-06 | Hydro Processing & Mining Ltd. | Apparatus and method for separation of wet and dry particles |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2701305C2 (de) * | 1977-01-14 | 1983-03-10 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Vorrichtung zur flotativen Aufbereitung von Feststoffen |
DE2751460A1 (de) * | 1977-11-18 | 1979-05-23 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung fuer die trennung von stoffen durch flotation |
WO1984002858A1 (fr) * | 1983-01-28 | 1984-08-02 | Bruss Vni Pi Galurgii | Turbo-cyclone de separation de suspensions |
DE4330635C2 (de) * | 1993-09-10 | 1996-07-11 | Voith Sulzer Stoffaufbereitung | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Feststoffen durch Flotation und Flotationsvorrichtung |
-
1995
- 1995-11-14 AU AU41086/96A patent/AU705917B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-11-14 WO PCT/US1995/014754 patent/WO1997018039A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-14 EP EP95939142A patent/EP0873194A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-11-14 CA CA002237672A patent/CA2237672A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5009796A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1991-04-23 | Robert Adler | Methods and apparatus for treating a mixture of particles and fluids |
US5028318A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1991-07-02 | Aeroquip Corporation | Cyclonic system for separating debris particles from fluids |
US5224604A (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1993-07-06 | Hydro Processing & Mining Ltd. | Apparatus and method for separation of wet and dry particles |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0873194A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2371965A (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-14 | Future Sea Technologies Inc | Debris separating system for fish pens |
GB2371965B (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2004-11-03 | Future Sea Technologies Inc | Debris separating system for fish pens |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2237672A1 (fr) | 1997-05-22 |
EP0873194A4 (fr) | 1999-09-29 |
EP0873194A1 (fr) | 1998-10-28 |
AU705917B2 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
AU4108696A (en) | 1997-06-05 |
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