WO1997017831A1 - Hinged security blade for reapers - Google Patents

Hinged security blade for reapers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997017831A1
WO1997017831A1 PCT/FR1996/001810 FR9601810W WO9717831A1 WO 1997017831 A1 WO1997017831 A1 WO 1997017831A1 FR 9601810 W FR9601810 W FR 9601810W WO 9717831 A1 WO9717831 A1 WO 9717831A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
knives
knife
circle
axis
cutting blade
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1996/001810
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alain Forgeau
Original Assignee
Alain Forgeau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alain Forgeau filed Critical Alain Forgeau
Priority to AU76830/96A priority Critical patent/AU7683096A/en
Publication of WO1997017831A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997017831A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
    • A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
    • A01D34/73—Cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/736—Flail type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cutting blades with articulated knives mounted on mowers, brush cutters, lawn mowers, etc. Mainly standard portable machines.
  • the invention therefore does not relate to cutting blades with fixed knives, chains, cables, wires or ribbons.
  • the invention is based on the analysis in real use of wear, deformation and rupture of the elements of these blades subjected to high abrasion and very violent, very frequent and very rapid shocks, in use. professional and intensive, on very destructive terrain (rocky heaths, alluvial heaths with pebbles).
  • the cutting blade according to the invention prohibits these dislocations, whatever the degree of wear of the assembly and the violence of the shocks encountered, by eliminating the causes of ruptures thus determined.
  • the invention is a general inventive concept which combines the combined effects; a general structure of high cohesion without mechanical assemblies and therefore without protrusion; of a shape of knives adapted to this structure and tolerant to shocks, of the use, for the knives, of a special steel, specially treated, which makes this structure and this shape perfectly usable and effective.
  • this combination makes it possible to reduce the surface of the support (non-circular), to reduce the thickness of the knives (increases the efficiency) and consequently to reduce the thickness of the plates of the support, considerably reducing the weight of the tool.
  • This tool is particularly light and efficient, that it is capable of treating all plants from grass to shrubs in the midst of the most hostile obstacles, safely and without sharpening. It meets the needs of professional users.
  • the state of the art relating to the invention, therefore cutting blades with articulated knives can be illustrated by: The document FR-A-1 520 653 ( HEYUANG). This document brought in 1967 the technique of cutting blades with articulated knives which retract under the effect of shocks and resume their working position under the effect of centrifugal force.
  • the invention provides and claims its inventive step in relation to this technique in the public domain.
  • the known blades use knives of rectangular or triangular shape with the base outside (FIG.l).
  • the impacts on this extreme point (1) of the knife are all the more violent as the knife is close to its radial position (FIG. 2), a position which it naturally takes when the blade turns idle.
  • the knife of the blade according to the invention is characterized in that its generally convex leading edge is such that, when the center of gravity (2) of the knife, the center of rotation (3) of the knife and the axis of rotation (4) of the blade are aligned, the point of the knife farthest (1) from the axis of rotation ( 4) of the blade is late (6) in rotation (5) relative to the center gravity (2) of the knife and in that, the blade turning when empty, the trailing edge and the leading edge are not parallel over at least 10 7 of the length of the trailing edge.
  • each knife when the rotating blade (5) is in contact (7) with an obstacle (8), each knife is forced to fold back inside a circle (9) whose center is on the 'axis of the blade (10) and whose radius (11) is the distance (12) between the axis of the blade (10) and the contact point (7).
  • the leading edge (18) of the knife of the blade according to the invention (Fig. 6) is characterized in that its design is inscribed at at least 3 tangent points on an arc of a circle (19) whose radius ( 20) is equal to the distance (17) between the axis of rotation (10) of the blade and the point of the support (13) furthest from this axis.
  • the leading edge (18) is inscribed on the arc of a circle (19) by at least 3 tangent points (21), without any part of the knife being outside the circle (19).
  • the length of the rope (22-23) is greater than 20 7 of the radius (24) called “maximum radius of the knife” and corresponding to the point (25) of the knife furthest from its axis (3). preferably this percentage is greater than 1007 ..
  • the drawing of the leading edge (18) is an arrangement of curved lines, or an arrangement of polygonal lines, or an arrangement of such arrangements, mixed or not with portions of the arc of the circle (19). preferably this drawing is a continuous arc (18) of the circle (19).
  • the cause of the ejection of a complete knife is the loss of its axis due to the rupture of one of the assembly of this axis to the plates of the supoort.
  • These assemblies are mechanical assemblies by bolt and nut. The causes of these ruptures are numerous, but there are three main reasons: The lack of cohesion of all the clamping devices means that. under the effect of very violent and very numerous shocks, they take up play and end up working under abnormal conditions. The bolt heads that protrude under the tool shear under the combined effect of impact and abrasion. These assemblies are removable and allow incorrect reassembly by uninformed users
  • the knife support for the blade of the invention has a structure called “monoblock structure” characterized that it comprises two plates (30) and (31) and in that the axes (27) and the plates (30) and (31) form a continuous metallic medium in one piece without assembly device, therefore without protrusion, obtained by any means of melting metals, in particular resistive or magnetic electric melting, foundry, friction melting known as p drilling, and ⁇ articulieremert the of weld - "rare points or mechanical welding of studs, MIG, TIG, TAG, laser weld, etc.
  • the axis (27 ) has a length less than its diameter in a ratio greater than 3, giving the whole a strong cohesion
  • the melting zones (32 ) and (33) and the core of the axis are melted in a single operation.
  • the upper face of the upper plate (30) as well as any projections on this face are not directly exposed to direct impact
  • the upper ends of the axes can then be assembled to the upper plate by any means of fixing
  • the "leaky shape" of the rotating support of the blade according to the invention is characterized in that, at least one of the ends of the axes, in particular the extremit és lower (29 ) axes (27 ) form a continuous metallic medium (33) with one of the plates, in particular the lower plate (31), by the means of melting or melting mentioned above.
  • a cutting blade knife encounters 2 types of impact corresponding to 2 types of obstacles.
  • shocks oriented in the plane of rotation of the knife called “frank shocks”
  • oblique shocks when the knife encounters a stop or a practically vertical hard surface such as a terminal, a rock, a stump, ete; but especially oblique shocks with respect to the plane of rotation of the knife, called “oblique shocks” where the knife slides on an oblique surface or a rolling obstacle, like the pebbles of alluvial terrain, rolling stones, buried stones , etc.
  • the cutting blade according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the steel of its knives is one of the steels of this standard NF A 35-571-84.
  • Figure 8 and Figure 9 show 2 specific embodiments of the invention for standard mounting on portable machines, including mowers. These embodiments take into account the constraints imposed by the fastening devices on the output shaft of said machines, in particular a central hole (34) with a radius of around 12 mm passing through the upper plate (30) and the lower plate (31). , a flat concentric stamp (35) in the lower plate (31) and with a radius of about 33 mm such that the two plates (30) and (31 ) are in contact with each other over the entire surface of said stamped.
  • Fig 8 and Fig 9i are characterized in that their knives ( 36) fold completely forming a perfect circle as complete as possible, in that they have no roughness and in that the knives have the largest possible area between this circle and the technical constraints of attachment to the machine.
  • the embodiment of the invention of Figure 8 is particularly characterized in that it comprises 3 knives (36). which give it the best cutting efficiency, and a '30 and 31 "> support of triangular shape, which minimizes scrap during manufacturing.
  • the knives of this embodiment are advantageously amputated from the triangle (37) to simplify their manufacture and from a charfrem (33) to avoid the presence of a sharp angle.
  • the embodiment of the invention of FIG. 9 is particularly characterized in that it comprises 2 knives.
  • This embodiment is more particularly intended for the treatment of feet of walls, borders and rockeries.
  • its knife support in the form of a circle whose diameter is close to 40% near that of the folded knives, and in particular these two diameters are equal.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to rotary cutting blades with articulated knives, intended to reapers, lawn mowers, tree-dozers, etc., used particularly on dangerous grounds, i.e. is grounds which can hide many obstacles such as stones, pebbles, rocks, pickets, land stones, wrecks, etc. The combined effects of wear and violent shocks may cause the dislocation of the blade, particularly the knives with respect to their rotating support. Then, a violent projection of debris may occur. The invention prevents said dislocations, regardless of the wear of the assembly and the violence of the shocks, by suppressing the known causes of rupture. The invention is a general inventive concept which combines the conjugated effects of a general cohesive structure without mechanical assemblies, therefore without protuberances, of a knife shape adapted to said structure and tolerant to shocks, of the use, for the knives, of a specially treated steel which makes said structure and said shape perfectly useable and efficient.

Description

Lame de sécurité articulée pour faucheuses Articulated safety blade for mowers
La présente invention concerne les lames de coupe à couteaux articulés montées sur les faucheuses, débroussailleuses, tondeuses à gazon» etc. Principalement les machines portables standards.The present invention relates to cutting blades with articulated knives mounted on mowers, brush cutters, lawn mowers, etc. Mainly standard portable machines.
L' invention ne concerne donc pas les lames de coupe à couteaux fixes, à chaînes, à câbles, à fils ou à rubans.The invention therefore does not relate to cutting blades with fixed knives, chains, cables, wires or ribbons.
Ces lames de coupe à couteaux articulés sont soumises à des chocs très violents et très rapprochés, et à une abrasion intense sur toutes leurs parties en contact avec les obstacles et avec le sol, les plus exposées étant toutes les parties saillantes. De plus, les chocs sur les couteaux fatiguent l'acier qui devient cassant.These cutting blades with articulated knives are subjected to very violent and very close knocks, and to intense abrasion on all their parts in contact with obstacles and with the ground, the most exposed being all the projecting parts. In addition, knocks on knives tire steel which becomes brittle.
Ces lames de coupe connues, sous l'effet de ces chocs et de cette abrasion, s'altèrent et s'usent jusqu'à se disloquer ou à se casser en projetant des débris à très grande vitesse. C'est évidemment dangereux pour l'opérateur et pour son entourage. C'est la raison pour laquelle les utilisateurs professionnels les utilisent peu ou pas sur les machines portables, malgré leur intérêt évident.These known cutting blades, under the effect of these shocks and this abrasion, deteriorate and wear up to dislocate or break by projecting debris at very high speed. This is obviously dangerous for the operator and his entourage. This is the reason why professional users use them little or not on portable machines, despite their obvious interest.
L'invention se fonde sur l'analyse en utilisation réelle de l'usure, de la déformation et de la rupture des éléments de ces lames soumises à une forte abrasion et à des chocs très violents, très fréquents et très rapides, dans un usage professionnel et intensif, sur des terrains très destructeurs (landes rocheuses, landes alluviales à galets).The invention is based on the analysis in real use of wear, deformation and rupture of the elements of these blades subjected to high abrasion and very violent, very frequent and very rapid shocks, in use. professional and intensive, on very destructive terrain (rocky heaths, alluvial heaths with pebbles).
La lame de coupe selon l'invention interdit ces dislocations, quel que soit le degré d'usure de l'ensemble et la violence des chocs rencontrés, par la suppression des causes de ruptures ainsi déterminées.The cutting blade according to the invention prohibits these dislocations, whatever the degree of wear of the assembly and the violence of the shocks encountered, by eliminating the causes of ruptures thus determined.
L' invention est un concept inventif général qui combine les effets conjugués; d'une structure générale de haute cohésion sans assemblages mécaniques et donc sans saillie; d'une forme de couteaux adaptée à cette structure et tolérante aux chocs', de l'utilisation, pour les couteaux, d'un acier spécial, spécialement traité, qui rend cette structure et cette forme parfaitement utilisables et efficaces.The invention is a general inventive concept which combines the combined effects; a general structure of high cohesion without mechanical assemblies and therefore without protrusion; of a shape of knives adapted to this structure and tolerant to shocks, of the use, for the knives, of a special steel, specially treated, which makes this structure and this shape perfectly usable and effective.
De plus, cette combinaison permet de réduire la surface du support (non circulaire), de réduire l'épaisseur des couteaux (augmente l'efficacité) et par voie de conséquence de réduire l'épaisseur des plaques du support, diminuant considérablement le poids de l'outil. Il en résulte que cet outil est particulièrement léger et efficace, qu'il est capable de traiter tous les végétaux depuis le gazon jusqu'aux arbustes au milieu des obstacles les plus hostiles, en toute sécurité et sans affûtage. Il correspond au besoin des utilisateurs professionnels. L'état de la technique concernant l'invention, donc les lames de coupe à couteaux articulés, peut être illustré par : Le document FR-A-1 520 653 (HEYUANG). Ce document apportait en 1967 la technique des lames de coupe à couteaux articulés qui s'escamotent sous l'effet des chocs et reprennent leur position de travail sous l'effet de la force centrifuge. L'invention apporte et revendique son activité inventive par rapport à cette technique du domaine public.In addition, this combination makes it possible to reduce the surface of the support (non-circular), to reduce the thickness of the knives (increases the efficiency) and consequently to reduce the thickness of the plates of the support, considerably reducing the weight of the tool. The result is that this tool is particularly light and efficient, that it is capable of treating all plants from grass to shrubs in the midst of the most hostile obstacles, safely and without sharpening. It meets the needs of professional users. The state of the art relating to the invention, therefore cutting blades with articulated knives, can be illustrated by: The document FR-A-1 520 653 ( HEYUANG). This document brought in 1967 the technique of cutting blades with articulated knives which retract under the effect of shocks and resume their working position under the effect of centrifugal force. The invention provides and claims its inventive step in relation to this technique in the public domain.
Le document FR-A-2 717 037 (BRUNEAU). Les descriptions et les définitions de ce document ne concernent que les couteaux dont les arêtes de coupe sont rectilignes. Il ne concerne donc pas la présente invention.Document FR-A-2 717 037 (BRUNEAU). The descriptions and definitions in this document relate only to knives with straight cutting edges. It therefore does not relate to the present invention.
Le document AU-A-2004 170 (FLOOD). Ce document apporte un couteau en forme de cimeterre dont le bord d'attaque et le bord de fuite sont parallèles. Cette forme n'est pas recherchée par l'invention.Document AU-A-2004 170 (FLOOD). This document provides a knife in the shape of a scimitar whose leading edge and trailing edge are parallel. This form is not sought by the invention.
D'une manière générale les lames connues utilisent des couteaux de forme rectangulaire ou, triangulaire avec la base à l'extérieur (FIG.l ).In general, the known blades use knives of rectangular or triangular shape with the base outside (FIG.l).
C'est l'extrémité extérieure (1 ) du bord d'attaque du couteau qui reçoit les chocs les plus violents. Si ce point (1) précède, dans la rotation (5), le centre de gravité (2) du couteau, l'expérience montre qu'il y a une déformation de l'avant du couteau autour de ce point (1) et une cassure progressive de l'arrière du couteau avec projection de débris. Par contre, si ce point (1) est en '-eta-'d par rapport au centre de gravité (2), l'effacement du couteau est favorisé et l'effet de cassure supprimé. Le bord d'attaque a donc une enveloppe convexe et il est avantageux que les bords d'attaque et de fuite ne soient pas parallèles. On observe alors une simple usure naturelle du couteau par frottement.It is the outer end (1) of the leading edge of the knife which receives the most violent shocks. If this point (1) precedes, in rotation (5), the center of gravity (2 ) of the knife, experience shows that there is a deformation of the front of the knife around this point (1) and progressive breakage of the back of the knife with projection of debris. On the other hand, if this point (1) is in '-eta-'d relative to the center of gravity (2), the erasure of the knife is favored and the breaking effect eliminated. The leading edge therefore has a convex envelope and it is advantageous that the leading and trailing edges are not parallel. We then observe a simple natural wear of the knife by friction.
Les chocs sur ce point extrême (1 ) du couteau sont d' autant plus violents que le couteau est Droche de sa position radiale (FIG. 2), position qu'il prend naturellement lorsque la lame tourne à vide. Le couteau de la lame selon l' invention est caractérisé en ce que son bord d' attaque de forme générale convexe est tel que, lorsque le centre de gravité (2) du couteau, le centre de rotation (3) du couteau et l'axe de rotation (4) de la lame sont alignés, le point du couteau le plus éloigné (1) de l'axe de rotation (4) de la lame est en retard (6) dans la rotation (5) par rapport au centre de gravité (2) du couteau et en ce que, la lame tournant à vide, le bord de fuite et le bord d'attaque ne sont pas parallèles sur au moins 10 7. de la longueur du bord de fuite. Selon la Figure 4, lorsque la lame en rotation (5) est en contact (7) avec un obstacle (8), chaque couteau est forcé à se replier à l'intérieur d'un cercle (9) dont le centre est sur l'axe de la lame (10) et dont le rayon (11) est la distance (12) entre l'axe de la lame (10) et le point de contact (7).The impacts on this extreme point (1) of the knife are all the more violent as the knife is close to its radial position (FIG. 2), a position which it naturally takes when the blade turns idle. The knife of the blade according to the invention is characterized in that its generally convex leading edge is such that, when the center of gravity (2) of the knife, the center of rotation (3) of the knife and the axis of rotation (4) of the blade are aligned, the point of the knife farthest (1) from the axis of rotation ( 4) of the blade is late (6) in rotation (5) relative to the center gravity (2) of the knife and in that, the blade turning when empty, the trailing edge and the leading edge are not parallel over at least 10 7 of the length of the trailing edge. According to Figure 4, when the rotating blade (5) is in contact (7) with an obstacle (8), each knife is forced to fold back inside a circle (9) whose center is on the 'axis of the blade (10) and whose radius (11) is the distance (12) between the axis of the blade (10) and the contact point (7).
Selon la Figure 5, lorsque la lame en rotation (5) est forcée par la violence du choc à s'approcher au plus près de l'obstacle, c'est le support des couteaux qui vient au contact (13 et 14) de l'obstacle (8), enfermant les couteaux à l'intérieur d'un cercle (15) dont le centre est sur l'axe de la lame (10) et dont le rayon (16) est égal à la distance (17) entre l'axe de la lame (10) et le point du support (13) le plus éloigné de cet axe (10).According to Figure 5, when the rotating blade (5) is forced by the force of the shock to approach as close as possible to the obstacle, it is the knife support which comes into contact (13 and 14) with the obstacle (8), enclosing the knives inside a circle (15) whose center is on the axis of the blade (10) and whose radius (16) is equal to the distance (17) between the axis of the blade (10) and the point of the support (13) furthest from this axis (10).
Il y a une atténuation très significative des vibrations de la lame ainsi complètement repliée si les couteaux ont un bord d'attaque qui s'inscrit sur ce cercle.There is a highly significant attenuation of the vibration of the blade thus completely folded if the blades have a leading edge which s' registered with this circle.
Le bord d'attaque (18) du couteau de la lame selon l'invention (Fig. 6) est caractérisé en ce que son dessin s'inscrit en au moins 3 points tangents sur un arc de cercle (19) dont le rayon (20) est égal à la distance (17) entre l'axe de rotation (10) de la lame et le point du support (13) le plus éloigné de cet axe. Le bord d'attaque (18) s'inscrit sur l'arc de cercle (19) par au moins 3 points tangents (21), sans qu'aucυno partie du couteau ne soit k l' extérieur du cercle (19). Avantageusement, la longueur de la corde (22-23), dite "corde utile", corde comprise entre le point (22), dit "point neutre"; point de l'arc de cercle (19) aligné avec l'axe du couteau (3) et l'axe de la lame (10); et le point tangent (23), dit "extrémité de l'arc"; point tangent le plus éloigné de l'axe (3) du couteau; cette longueur (22-23) est supérieure à 20 7. du rayon (24) dit "rayon maximum du couteau" et correspondant au point (25) du couteau le plus éloigné de son axe (3). de préférence ce pourcentage est supérieur à 1007..The leading edge (18) of the knife of the blade according to the invention (Fig. 6) is characterized in that its design is inscribed at at least 3 tangent points on an arc of a circle (19) whose radius ( 20) is equal to the distance (17) between the axis of rotation (10) of the blade and the point of the support (13) furthest from this axis. The leading edge (18) is inscribed on the arc of a circle (19) by at least 3 tangent points (21), without any part of the knife being outside the circle (19). Advantageously, the length of the rope (22-23), called "useful rope", rope included between the point (22), called "neutral point"; point of the arc of a circle (19) aligned with the axis of the knife (3) and the axis of the blade (10); and the tangent point (23), called "end of the arc"; tangent point furthest from the axis (3) of the knife; this length (22-23) is greater than 20 7 of the radius (24) called "maximum radius of the knife" and corresponding to the point (25) of the knife furthest from its axis (3). preferably this percentage is greater than 1007 ..
Avantageusement, la distance (22-26) entre le point tangent (26), dit "origine de l'arc"; point tangent (26) le plus proche de l'axe (3) du couteau; et le point neutre (22) précédemment défini; cette distance (22-26) est inférieure à 80 7. du rayon maximum du couteau (24) précédemment défini. De préférence cette distance (22-26) est nulle.Advantageously, the distance (22-26) between the tangent point (26), called "origin of the arc"; tangent point (26) closest to the axis (3) of the knife; and the neutral point (22) previously defined; this distance (22-26) is less than 80% of the maximum radius of the knife (24) previously defined. Preferably this distance (22-26) is zero.
Avantageusement, le dessin du bord d'attaque (18) est un arrangement de lignes courbes, ou un arrangement de lignes polygonales, ou un arrangement de tels arrangements, mêlé ou non avec des portions d'arc du cercle (19). préférentiellement ce dessin est un arc continu (18) du cercle (19). La cause de l'éjection d'un couteau complet est la perte de son axe due à la rupture de l'un des l'assemblage de cet axe aux plaques du supoort. Ces assemblages sont des assemblages mécaniques par boulon et ecrou. Les causes de ces ruptures sont nombreuses, mais il y a trois raisons essentielles : Le manque de cohésion de tous les dispositifs de serrage fait que. sous l'effet de chocs très violents et très nombreux, ils prennent du jeu et finissent par travailler dans des conditions anormales. Les têtes de boulons qui font saillie sous l'outil se cisaillent sous l'effet conjugué des chocs et de l'abrasion. Ces assemblages sont démontables et autorisent des remontages incorrects par des utilisateurs non avertisAdvantageously, the drawing of the leading edge (18) is an arrangement of curved lines, or an arrangement of polygonal lines, or an arrangement of such arrangements, mixed or not with portions of the arc of the circle (19). preferably this drawing is a continuous arc (18) of the circle (19). The cause of the ejection of a complete knife is the loss of its axis due to the rupture of one of the assembly of this axis to the plates of the supoort. These assemblies are mechanical assemblies by bolt and nut. The causes of these ruptures are numerous, but there are three main reasons: The lack of cohesion of all the clamping devices means that. under the effect of very violent and very numerous shocks, they take up play and end up working under abnormal conditions. The bolt heads that protrude under the tool shear under the combined effect of impact and abrasion. These assemblies are removable and allow incorrect reassembly by uninformed users
L' invention supprime ces
Figure imgf000006_0001
en donnant au support des couteaux une structure métallique continue indestructible, indémontable et sans aspérités dite "structure mono-bloc" Selon la figure 7, le support des couteaux de la lame de l' invention a une structure dite "structure monobloc" caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte deux plaques (30) et (31) et en ce que les axes (27) et les plaques (30) et (31) forment un milieu métallique continu d'une seule pièce sans dispositif d'assemblage, donc sans saillie, obtenue par tout moyen de fusion des métaux, notamment la fusion électrique résistive ou magnétique, la fonderie, la fonte par friction ditp fluoperçage, et μarticulieremert les
Figure imgf000006_0002
de soudj--" rar points ou mécano- soudure de goujons, MIG, TIG, TAG, soudure laser, etc. appliquées sur les zones de continuité métallique ou de fusion (32) et (33). Les proportions de la figure 7 ont été choisies pour la clarté du dessin et et n'ont pas de rapport avec la realité. En réalité, l'axe (27) a une longueur inférieure à son diamètre dans un rapport supérieur à 3, donnant à l'ensemble une forte cohésion. Préférentiellement, les zones de fusion (32) et (33) et le coeur de l'axe sont fondus en une seule opération. La face supérieure de la plaque supérieure (30) ainsi que les éventuelles saillies sur cette face ne sont pas directement exposées aux chocs directs. Les extrémités supérieures des axes peuvent alors être assemblées à la plaque supérieure par tout moyen de fixation quelconque. La "forme fuyante" du support tournant de la lame selon l'invention se caractérise en ce que, au moins une des extrémités des axes, notamment les extrémités inférieures (29) des axes (27) forment un milieu métallique continu (33) avec l'une des plaques, notamment la plaque inférieure (31), par les moyens de fonte ou de fusion cités ci-dessus. Les fixations restantes son alors quelconques. Un couteau de lame de coupe rencontre 2 types de chocs correspondant à 2 types d'obstacles. D'abord des chocs orientés dans le plan de rotation du couteau, appelés "chocs francs", lorsque le couteau rencontre une arrête ou une surface dure pratiquement verticale comme une borne, un rocher, une souche, ete; mais surtout des chocs obliques par rapport au plan de rotation du couteau, appelés "chocs en biais" où le couteau glisse sur une surface oblique ou un obstacle roulant, comme les galets des terrains d'origine alluviale, les pierres roulantes, les cailloux enfouis, etc. Les chocs ont donc une composante dans le plan de rotation du couteau qu'on traite habituellement avec des aciers durs, mais ils ont également une composante perpendiculaire au plan de rotation du couteau et vers le haut qui tend à tordre le couteau vers le haut. Les réalisations connues luttent contre cette torsion en augmentant l'épaisseur des couteaux. Le couteau de la lame de l'invention ne s'oppose pas à cette déformation mais la traite en faisant en sorte qu'elle soit réversible, par l'utilisation appropriée d'un acier allié dit "acier à ressorts" habituellement utilisé pour les ressorts très sollicités, notamment les ressorts hélicoïdaux de suspension ou les ressorts de rappel de soupapes. Ces "aciers à ressorts", nomenclatures "aciers de construction alliés aptes à la fabrication de ressorts formés à chaud", sont répertoriés et tocaiement décrits dans la norme homologuée AFNOR : NF A 35-571-84. Selon la désignation conventionnelle des aciers, cette norme décrit notamment les aciers 46 S 7, 51 S 7, 56 SC 7, 45 SCD 6, 55 C 3, 45 C 4 et 50 CV 4, nomenclatures "aciers spéciaux à haute trempabilité".The invention removes these
Figure imgf000006_0001
by giving the knife support a continuous indestructible metal structure, which cannot be dismantled and without roughness called "monoblock structure" According to FIG. 7, the knife support for the blade of the invention has a structure called "monoblock structure" characterized that it comprises two plates (30) and (31) and in that the axes (27) and the plates (30) and (31) form a continuous metallic medium in one piece without assembly device, therefore without protrusion, obtained by any means of melting metals, in particular resistive or magnetic electric melting, foundry, friction melting known as p drilling, and μarticulieremert the
Figure imgf000006_0002
of weld - "rare points or mechanical welding of studs, MIG, TIG, TAG, laser weld, etc. applied to the zones of metallic continuity or fusion ( 32 ) and (33). The proportions of Figure 7 have have been chosen for the clarity of the drawing and have no relation to reality. In reality, the axis (27 ) has a length less than its diameter in a ratio greater than 3, giving the whole a strong cohesion Preferably, the melting zones (32 ) and (33) and the core of the axis are melted in a single operation.The upper face of the upper plate (30) as well as any projections on this face are not directly exposed to direct impact The upper ends of the axes can then be assembled to the upper plate by any means of fixing The "leaky shape" of the rotating support of the blade according to the invention is characterized in that, at least one of the ends of the axes, in particular the extremit és lower (29 ) axes (27 ) form a continuous metallic medium (33) with one of the plates, in particular the lower plate (31), by the means of melting or melting mentioned above. The remaining fasteners are then arbitrary. A cutting blade knife encounters 2 types of impact corresponding to 2 types of obstacles. First, shocks oriented in the plane of rotation of the knife, called "frank shocks", when the knife encounters a stop or a practically vertical hard surface such as a terminal, a rock, a stump, ete; but especially oblique shocks with respect to the plane of rotation of the knife, called "oblique shocks" where the knife slides on an oblique surface or a rolling obstacle, like the pebbles of alluvial terrain, rolling stones, buried stones , etc. Shocks therefore have a component in the plane of rotation of the knife which is usually treated with hard steels, but they also have a component perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the knife and upwards which tends to twist the knife upwards. Known embodiments fight against this twist by increasing the thickness of the knives. The knife of the blade of the invention does not oppose this deformation but treats it by ensuring that it is reversible, by the appropriate use of an alloy steel known as "spring steel" usually used for highly stressed springs, in particular coil suspension springs or valve return springs. These "spring steels", nomenclatures "alloy structural steels suitable for the manufacture of hot formed springs", are listed and described in detail in the AFNOR approved standard: NF A 35-571-84. According to the conventional designation of steels, this standard describes in particular steels 46 S 7, 51 S 7, 56 SC 7, 45 SCD 6, 55 C 3, 45 C 4 and 50 CV 4, nomenclatures "special steels with high hardenability".
La lame de coupe selon l'invention se caractérise donc en ce que l'acier de ses couteaux est un des aciers de cette norme NF A 35-571-84.The cutting blade according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the steel of its knives is one of the steels of this standard NF A 35-571-84.
La figure 8 et la figure 9 représentent 2 réalisations précises de l'invention destinée au montage standard sur les machines portables, notamment les faucheuses. Ces réalisations tiennent compte des contraintes imposées par les dispositifs de fixation sur l'arbre de sortie des dites machines, notamment un trou central (34) d'environ 12 mm de rayon traversant la plaque supérieure (30) et la plaque inférieure (31), un embouti concentrique plat (35) dans la plaque inférieure (31) et d'un rayon d'environ 33 mm tel que les deux plaques (30) et (31) sont en contact l'une avec l'autre sur toute la surface du dit embouti. Ces 2 réalisations de l'invention (Fig 8 et Fig 9i sont caractérisées en ce que leurs couteaux (36) se replient complètement en formant un cercle parfait le plus complet possible, en ce quelles ne présentent aucune aspérité et en ce que les couteaux ont la plus grande surface possible comprise entre ce cercle et les contraintes techniques de fixation à la machine.Figure 8 and Figure 9 show 2 specific embodiments of the invention for standard mounting on portable machines, including mowers. These embodiments take into account the constraints imposed by the fastening devices on the output shaft of said machines, in particular a central hole (34) with a radius of around 12 mm passing through the upper plate (30) and the lower plate (31). , a flat concentric stamp (35) in the lower plate (31) and with a radius of about 33 mm such that the two plates (30) and (31 ) are in contact with each other over the entire surface of said stamped. These 2 embodiments of the invention (Fig 8 and Fig 9i are characterized in that their knives ( 36) fold completely forming a perfect circle as complete as possible, in that they have no roughness and in that the knives have the largest possible area between this circle and the technical constraints of attachment to the machine.
La réalisation de l'invention de la figure 8 est particulièrement caractérisée en ce que qu'elle comporte 3 couteaux (36). qui lui donnent la meilleure efficacité de coupe, et un support '30 et 31 "> de forme triangulaire, qui minimise les chutes à la fabrication.The embodiment of the invention of Figure 8 is particularly characterized in that it comprises 3 knives (36). which give it the best cutting efficiency, and a '30 and 31 "> support of triangular shape, which minimizes scrap during manufacturing.
Les couteaux de cette réalisation sont avantageusement amputés du triangle (37) pour simplifier leur fabrication et d'un charfrem (33) pour éviter la présence d' un angle vifThe knives of this embodiment are advantageously amputated from the triangle (37) to simplify their manufacture and from a charfrem (33) to avoid the presence of a sharp angle.
La réalisation de l' invention de la figure 9 est particulièrement caractérisée en ce que qu'elle comporte 2 couteaux. Cette réalisation est plus particulièrement destinée au traitement des pieds de murs, des bordures et des rocailles. Avantageusement, son support de couteau à la forme d'un cercle dont le diamètre est voisin à 40 7. près de celui des couteaux repliés, et notamment ces deux diamètres sont égaux. The embodiment of the invention of FIG. 9 is particularly characterized in that it comprises 2 knives. This embodiment is more particularly intended for the treatment of feet of walls, borders and rockeries. Advantageously, its knife support in the form of a circle whose diameter is close to 40% near that of the folded knives, and in particular these two diameters are equal.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 Ï Lame de coupe à couteaux articules pour machines rotatives, notamment les faucheuses, débroussailleuses et tondeuses à gazon", caractérisée en ce que le support tournant des couteaux est constitué de deux plaques (30) et (31) et en ce que les axes des couteaux (27) constituent, avec au moins l'une de ces plaques, notamment la plaque inférieure (31), un milieu métallique continu en (33) par tout moyen de fusion des métaux, notamment la fusion électrique par résistance ou par variation de champ magnétique, la fonderie, la fonte par friction dite fluoperçage et les moyens dits de soudure par points ou de mécano-soudure. L'autre plaque, notamment la plaque supérieure (30), et les extrémités des axes restées libres, notamment les extrémités supérieures, étant assemblées par un moyen de fixation approprié quelconque.1 Ï Cutting blade with articulated knives for rotary machines, in particular mowers, brush cutters and lawn mowers ", characterized in that the rotary support of the knives consists of two plates (30) and (31) and in that the axes knives (27) constitute, with at least one of these plates, in particular the lower plate (31), a continuous metallic medium at (33 ) by any means of melting the metals, in particular electrical fusion by resistance or by variation magnetic field, foundry, so-called friction drilling, and so-called spot welding or mechanical welding means. The other plate, in particular the upper plate ( 30), and the ends of the axes remained free, in particular the upper ends, being assembled by any suitable fixing means.
2) Lame de coupe à couteaux articulés pour machines rotatives, notamment les faucheuses, débroussailleuses et tondeuses à gazon; caractérisée en ce que le bord d'attaque de forme convexe de ses couteaux est tel que, lorsque le centre de gravité (2) du couteau, le centre de rotation (3) du couteau et l'axe de rotation (4) de la lame sont alignés, le point au couteau le plus éloigné (1) de
Figure imgf000009_0001
de i otaticn de la "Lare (41 est en retard (6) dans la rotation (5) par rapport au centre de gravité (2) du couteau; et en ce que, la lame tournant à vide, le bord de fuite n'est pas parallèle au bord d'attaque sur au moins 10 7. de la longueur du bord de fuite.2) Cutting blade with articulated knives for rotary machines, in particular mowers, brush cutters and lawn mowers; characterized in that the convex-shaped leading edge of its knives is such that, when the center of gravity (2) of the knife, the center of rotation (3) of the knife and the axis of rotation (4) of the blade are aligned, the knife point farthest (1) from
Figure imgf000009_0001
de i otaticn de la " Lare (41 is late (6) in the rotation (5) compared to the center of gravity (2) of the knife; and in that, the blade turning at no load, the trailing edge does not is not parallel to the leading edge for at least 10 7. of the length of the trailing edge.
3) Lame de coupe à couteaux articulés pour machines rotatives, notamment les faucheuses, débroussailleuses et tondeuses à gazon; caractérisée en ce que l'acier de ses couteaux est un "acier à ressorts" allié appartenant à la norme homologuée NF A 35-571-84 qui stipule et décrit "les aciers de construction alliés aptes à la fabrication de ressorts formés à chaud". Selon la désignation conventionnelle des aciers, cette norme NF A 35-571-84 contient notamment les aciers 46 S 7, 51 S 7, 56 SC 7, 61 SC 7, 45 SCD 6, 55 C 3, 45 C 4 et 50 CV 4, dits "aciers spéciaux à haute trempabilité". Les couteaux de la-dite lame de coupe sont donc caractérisés en ce qu' ils sont formés dans un des aciers de cette norme NF A 35-571-84. 4) Lame de coupe selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que les deux plaques '20) et '31 ' du support tournant et les axe? des couteaux (27) constituent tous ensemble un milieu métallique continu par tout moyen de fusion des métaux et notamment les moyens dits de soudure par points ou de mecano-soudure3) Cutting blade with articulated knives for rotary machines, in particular mowers, brush cutters and lawn mowers; characterized in that the steel of its knives is an alloyed "spring steel" belonging to the approved standard NF A 35-571-84 which stipulates and describes "alloyed structural steels suitable for the manufacture of hot formed springs" . According to the conventional designation of steels, this standard NF A 35-571-84 contains in particular steels 46 S 7, 51 S 7, 56 SC 7, 61 SC 7, 45 SCD 6, 55 C 3, 45 C 4 and 50 CV 4, called "special steels with high hardenability". The knives of the so-called cutting blade are therefore characterized in that they are formed in one of the steels of this standard NF A 35-571-84. 4) Cutting blade according to claim 1 characterized in that the two plates '20) and '31 'of the rotating support and the axes? knives (27) all together constitute a continuous metallic medium by any means of melting the metals and in particular the so-called spot welding or mechanical welding means
5) Lame de coupe selon la revendication 2 caractérisée en ce que le dessin du bord d'attaque (18) de ses couteaux s'inscrit en au moins 3 points tangents sur un arc de cercle (19) dont le rayon (20) est égal à la distance (17) entre l'axe de rotation de la lame (10) et le point du support des couteaux le plus éloigné (13) de cet axe (10) et sans qu'aucune partie du couteau ne soit à l'extérieur du cercle défini par cet arc (19).5) cutting blade according to claim 2 characterized in that the drawing of the leading edge (18) of its knives is inscribed at at least 3 tangent points on an arc of a circle (19) whose radius (20) is equal to the distance (17) between the axis of rotation of the blade (10) and the point of the knife support farthest (13) from this axis (10) and without any part of the knife being at the outside the circle defined by this arc (19).
6) Lame de coupe selon la revendication 5, dont les bords d'attaque des couteaux s'inscrivent sur un arc de cercle (19), caractérisée en ce que la distance (22-26); entre le point (22) du cercle (19) aligné avec l'axe du couteau (3) et l'axe de la lame (10), et le point tangent (26) le plus proche de l'axe du couteau (3); cette distance est inférieure à 80 7, de la distance entre l'axe du couteau (3) et le point du couteau le plus éloigné de cet axe '25); notamment ce pourcentage est égal à 0 '/..6) Cutting blade according to claim 5, the leading edges of the knives are inscribed on an arc (19), characterized in that the distance (22-26); between the point (22) of the circle (19) aligned with the axis of the knife (3) and the axis of the blade (10), and the tangent point (26) closest to the axis of the knife ( 3 ) ; this distance is less than 80% of the distance between the axis of the knife (3) and the point of the knife farthest from this axis (25); in particular this percentage is equal to 0 '/ ..
7) Lame de coupe selon la revendication 5, dont les bords d'attaque des couteaux s'inscrivent sur un arc de cercle (19), caractérisée en ce que la distance (22-23); entre le point (22) du cercle (19) aligné avec l'axe du couteau (3) et l'axe de la lame (10), et le point tangent (23) le plus éloigné de l'axe du couteau (G); cetce distance est supérieure à 20 V. de la distance entre l'axe du couteau (3) et le point du couteau le plus éloigné αe cet axe(25); notamment ce pourcentage est supérieur à îOO 7.7) Cutting blade according to claim 5, the leading edges of the knives are inscribed on an arc (19), characterized in that the distance (22-23); between the point (22) of the circle (19) aligned with the axis of the knife (3) and the axis of the blade (10), and the tangent point (23) furthest from the axis of the knife (G ); this distance is greater than 20 V. of the distance between the axis of the knife ( 3 ) and the point of the knife farthest from this axis (25); in particular this percentage is greater than 100 7.
8) Lame de coupe selon les revendications 5, 6 et 7 dont les bords d'attaque des couteaux s'inscrivent sur un arc de cercle (19), caractérisée en ce que le dessin des bords d'attaque (Cf Fig. 6) est un arrangement de lignes courbes ou un arrangement de lignes polygonales ou un arrangement de tels arrangements mélangé ou non avec des portions d'arc du cercle (19); notamment ce dessin est un arc continu de ce cercle. 9) Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes (dont une réalisation est représentée par la figure 8), destinée notamment au montage standard sur les machines portables et particulièrement les faucheuses, caractérisée en ce que ses couteaux (36) se replient complètement en forme de cercle, en ce qu'aucun point du support n'est extérieur au cercle ainsi formé, en ce que ses couteaux unt la plus grande surface utile possible comprise entre ce cercle et les contraintes imposées par les dispositifs de fixation sur l'arbre de sortie des-dites machines, notamment un trou central (34) d'environ 12 mm de rayon traversant la plaque supérieure (30) et la plaque inférieure (31), un embouti concentrique plat (35) dans la plaque inférieure (31) et d'un rayon d'environ 33 mm tel que les deux plaques (30) et (31) sont en contact l'une avec l'autre sur toute la surface du dit embouti; et en ce qu'elle comporte un support de forme triangulaire et 3 couteaux, avec avantageusement des bords de fuite rectilignes par suppression du triangle excédentaire (37) et des extrémités de couteaux volontairement émoussées par un chanfrein (38).8) Cutting blade according to claims 5, 6 and 7, the leading edges of the knives are inscribed on a circular arc (19), characterized in that the design of the leading edges (Cf Fig. 6) is an arrangement of curved lines or an arrangement of polygonal lines or an arrangement of such arrangements mixed or not mixed with arc portions of the circle (19); in particular this drawing is a continuous arc of this circle. 9) Cutting blade according to any one of the preceding claims (an embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 8), intended in particular for standard mounting on portable machines and particularly mowers, characterized in that its knives (36) fold back completely in the shape of a circle, in that no point of the support is outside the circle thus formed, in that its knives have the greatest possible useful surface comprised between this circle and the constraints imposed by the fixing devices on the output shaft of said machines, in particular a central hole (34) with a radius of around 12 mm passing through the upper plate (30) and the lower plate (31), a concentric flat stamp (35) in the lower plate ( 31) and with a radius of approximately 33 mm such that the two plates (30) and (31) are in contact with each other over the entire surface of said stamped; and in that it comprises a support of triangular shape and 3 knives, advantageously with rectilinear trailing edges by removal of the excess triangle (37) and of the knife ends deliberately blunted by a chamfer (38).
10) Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 (dont une réalisation est représentée par la figure S ) , destinée notamment au montage, standard sur les machines portaoles ei particulièrement les faucheuses, caractérisée en ce que ses couteaux (36) se replient complètement en forme de cercle, en ce qu'aucun point du support n'est extérieur au cercle ainsi formé, en ce que ses couteaux ont la plus grande surface utile possible comprise entre ce cercle et les contraintes imposées par les dispositifs de fixation sur l'arbre de sortie des-dites machines, notamment un trou central (34) d'environ 12 mm de rayon traversant la plaque supérieure (30) et la plaque inférieure (31), un embouti concentrique plat (35) dans la plaque inférieure (31) et d'un rayon d'environ 33 mm tel que les deux plaques (30) et (31) sont en contact l'une avec l'autre sur toute la surface du dit embouti; et en ce qu'elle comporte 2 couteaux et que son support est de forme quelconque mais peut avantageusement avoir la forme d'un cercle d'un diamètre voisin de celui formé par les couteaux en position repliée avec une différence inférieure à 40 7. du diamètre de ce dernier cercle, notamment ces deux cercles sont de même diamètre. x I10) Cutting blade according to any one of claims 1 to 8 (an embodiment of which is shown in FIG. S), intended in particular for mounting, standard on portal machines and particularly mowers, characterized in that its knives (36 ) fold completely in the form of a circle, in that no point of the support is outside the circle thus formed, in that its knives have the greatest possible useful surface lying between this circle and the constraints imposed by the fixing on the output shaft of said machines, in particular a central hole (34) of about 12 mm radius passing through the upper plate (30) and the lower plate (31), a concentric flat stamp (35) in the lower plate (31) and with a radius of approximately 33 mm such that the two plates (30) and (31) are in contact with one another over the entire surface of said stamped; and in that it comprises 2 knives and that its support is of any shape but can advantageously have the shape of a circle with a diameter close to that formed by the knives in the folded position with a difference of less than 40%. diameter of the latter circle, in particular these two circles are of the same diameter. x I
X X
PCT/FR1996/001810 1995-11-15 1996-11-15 Hinged security blade for reapers WO1997017831A1 (en)

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FR95/13748 1995-11-15
FR9513748A FR2740939B1 (en) 1995-11-15 1995-11-15 ROTARY CUTTING BLADE WITH ARTICULATED SAFETY KNIVES FOR MOWERS, LAWN MOWERS, BRUSH CUTTERS

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FR2776953A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-08 Edouard Boisson Semi-rigid rotary grass cutter

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DE29806664U1 (en) * 1998-04-11 1998-08-27 ESM Ennepetaler Schneid- und Mähtechnik GmbH & Co KG, 58256 Ennepetal Knives for flail mowers
FR2783025B1 (en) 1998-09-08 2000-12-01 Cibox FIXING INSERT AND ARRANGEMENT IMPLEMENTING SAID INSERT FOR REMOVABLE FIXING OF A REMOVABLE PANEL ON A METAL FRAME
FR2835393B1 (en) * 2002-02-05 2004-05-14 Christophe Lays MULCHING EFFECT BLADE FOR PORTABLE BRUSH CUTTER
ITUD20080140A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2009-12-20 Styl Te Mec S R L CUTTING HEAD FOR A BRUSH CUTTER, LAWN CUTTER OR SIMILAR TOOL OR CUTTING MACHINE

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1520653A (en) * 1967-02-28 1968-04-12 Heywang S A Soc Cutting blade for rotary mowers and rotary mowers equipped with these cutting blades
AU2004170A (en) * 1970-09-16 1972-03-23 Flood Robert An improvement in motor mower blades
DE2316308A1 (en) * 1973-03-31 1974-10-17 Mang Albert MAWING MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR LAWN MACHINE
GB1478780A (en) * 1975-01-02 1977-07-06 Victa Ltd Recessed cutter disc for rotary lawnmower
FR2504774A1 (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-05 Touron Roger Centrifugally extending blade grass cutting machine - is e.g. spring steel spiral fixed to drive shaft with inertia block on free end
EP0611520A1 (en) * 1993-02-15 1994-08-24 ETESIA (Société en Commandite Simple) Lawn mower cutting device
FR2717037A1 (en) * 1994-03-11 1995-09-15 Bruneau Joseph Rotary cutting head for use on vegetation trimmers

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1520653A (en) * 1967-02-28 1968-04-12 Heywang S A Soc Cutting blade for rotary mowers and rotary mowers equipped with these cutting blades
AU2004170A (en) * 1970-09-16 1972-03-23 Flood Robert An improvement in motor mower blades
DE2316308A1 (en) * 1973-03-31 1974-10-17 Mang Albert MAWING MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR LAWN MACHINE
GB1478780A (en) * 1975-01-02 1977-07-06 Victa Ltd Recessed cutter disc for rotary lawnmower
FR2504774A1 (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-05 Touron Roger Centrifugally extending blade grass cutting machine - is e.g. spring steel spiral fixed to drive shaft with inertia block on free end
EP0611520A1 (en) * 1993-02-15 1994-08-24 ETESIA (Société en Commandite Simple) Lawn mower cutting device
FR2717037A1 (en) * 1994-03-11 1995-09-15 Bruneau Joseph Rotary cutting head for use on vegetation trimmers

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2776953A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-08 Edouard Boisson Semi-rigid rotary grass cutter

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FR2740939B1 (en) 1998-04-24
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