WO1997010707A1 - Method of artificially incubating hens' eggs - Google Patents
Method of artificially incubating hens' eggs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997010707A1 WO1997010707A1 PCT/EP1996/003866 EP9603866W WO9710707A1 WO 1997010707 A1 WO1997010707 A1 WO 1997010707A1 EP 9603866 W EP9603866 W EP 9603866W WO 9710707 A1 WO9710707 A1 WO 9710707A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- eggs
- incubation
- hens
- during
- relative humidity
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- OXDZADMCOWPSOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argiprestocin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(C(=O)N2C(CCC2)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OXDZADMCOWPSOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101800003024 Vasotocin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003016 hypothalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003101 oviduct Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K41/00—Incubators for poultry
- A01K41/04—Controlling humidity in incubators
Definitions
- Eggs are incubated in industry and research as standard with a brood heat of 37 to 38 ° C.
- the relative humidity is set to about 60% and is increased to 80% during hatching, i.e. incubation until the chicks hatch on the 21st day. This applies to chickens as well as other domesticated birds.
- These incubation conditions are considered optimal because they are associated with a high hatching rate (Yearbook for the Poultry Industry 1995, J. Petersen ed, Ulmer Verlag).
- the invention is therefore based on the object of increasing the egg production of a laying hen.
- a regulatory element of chick reproduction is the hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT), which is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released into the blood via the neurohypophysis.
- AVT stimulates the contraction of the oviduct during egg laying.
- Another biological function of the AVT is the regulation of the water balance.
- an osmotic stimulus during embryonic development such as a reduction in humidity in the incubator, causes a permanent increase in the activity of the AVT system during later life. It has been shown in particular that the incubation of hatching eggs under reduced atmospheric humidity can be used to increase egg production via the permanent stimulation of the AVT system. A precise explanation of the physiological effects of this mechanism is still pending.
- the eggs are in the first 8 to 10 days after the egg laying at a relative humidity of about 58 to 62%, then until the 18th day at a relative humidity of 32 to 40% and then at a relative Humidity from 78 to 80% incubated until hatching.
- the last incubation stage corresponds to standard conditions and is preferably carried out in the hatcher.
- the inventive incubation the egg production of about 260 eggs per hen and year • can be increased by about 5 eggs.
- about 1 million fewer laying hens would have to be kept or 250 million more eggs would be produced if the method according to the invention were used.
- the invention is illustrated by the following example.
- Fertilized eggs from a group of leghorn line (LSL) hens were randomly divided into two groups.
- control group I the incubation was carried out under standard conditions and in test group II, incubation was carried out under reduced humidity.
- both groups were incubated in the same incubator at 58 to 62% relative humidity, the incubation temperature being 37.8 ° C.
- the groups were divided and group II was incubated at a relative humidity of 32 to 40%.
- From the 18th day of incubation both groups were again placed in a hatcher and incubated at 37.0 ° C and a relative humidity of 78 to 80% according to standard conditions until hatching.
- the hatching rate i.e. The number of hatched animals, based on the eggs, was not significantly different between the two groups and was 89 to 91%.
- the test duration was 52 weeks.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a method of incubating hens' eggs, an osmotic stimulus being exerted on the eggs during incubation. The osmotic stimulus consists of a reduction in the air humidity over a number of days during the pre-hatching period. The relative air humidity can be set at between 32 and 42 %.
Description
Verfahren zur künstlichen Inkubation von HühnereiernProcess for the artificial incubation of chicken eggs
Die Inkubation von Eiern in Industrie und Forschung erfolgt standardmäßig bei einer Brutwärme von 37 bis 38°C. Während der Vorbrut, d.h. der ersten 17 Bebrütungstage, ist die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit auf etwa 60% eingestellt und wird während der Schlupfbrut, also der Bebrütung bis zum Schlüpfen der Küken am 21. Tag, auf 80% erhöht. Dies gilt für Hühner als auch für andere domestizierte Vögel. Diese Inkubationsbedingungen gelten als optimal, weil sie mit einer hohen Schlupfrate verbunden sind (Jahrbuch für die Geflügelwirtschaft 1995, J. Petersen ed, Ulmer Verlag) .Eggs are incubated in industry and research as standard with a brood heat of 37 to 38 ° C. During the pre-brood, i.e. the first 17 days of incubation, the relative humidity is set to about 60% and is increased to 80% during hatching, i.e. incubation until the chicks hatch on the 21st day. This applies to chickens as well as other domesticated birds. These incubation conditions are considered optimal because they are associated with a high hatching rate (Yearbook for the Poultry Industry 1995, J. Petersen ed, Ulmer Verlag).
In Deutschland werden etwa 50 Mio. Legehennen gehalten, eine Verringerung dieser Anzahl unter Beibehaltung der selben Menge gelegter Eier pro Jahr erscheint auch aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen wünschenswert. Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Eierproduktion einer Legehenne zu erhöhen.Around 50 million laying hens are kept in Germany, a reduction in this number while maintaining the same amount of eggs laid per year also seems desirable for economic reasons. The invention is therefore based on the object of increasing the egg production of a laying hen.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur künstlichen Inkubation von Hühnereiern, worin auf befruchtete Eier nach der üblichen Sterilisation ein osmotischer Stimulus ausgeübt wird. Dieser kann darin bestehen, daß die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit während der Inkubation der Eier verringert wird. Insbesondere eine Verringerung der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 32 bis 45 % führt zu einer Erhöhung der Produktivität.
Ein regulatives Element der Reproduktion bei Hühnern ist das Hormon Arginin-Vasotocin (AVT) , welches im Hypothalamus synthetisiert und über die Neurohypophyse ins Blut ausgeschüttet wird. AVT stimuliert unter anderem die Kontraktion des Oviduktes während der Eiablage. Eine weitere biologische Funktion des AVT ist die Regulation des Wasserhaushalts. Es wurde festgestellt, daß ein osmotischer Stimulus während der Embryonalentwicklung wie die Verringerung der Luftfeuchtigkeit im Brutschrank eine dauerhafte Erhöhung der Aktivität des AVT-Systems während des späteren Lebens verursacht . Es hat sich insbesondere gezeigt, daß die Inkubation von Bruteiern unter reduzierter Luftfeuchtigkeit genutzt werden kann, um über die dauerhafte Stimmulation des AVT-Systems die Eierproduktion zu erhöhen. Eine genaue Erklärung der physiologischen Wirkungen dieses Mechanismus steht allerdings noch aus.This problem is solved by a method for the artificial incubation of chicken eggs, in which an osmotic stimulus is applied to fertilized eggs after the usual sterilization. This can be that the relative air humidity is reduced during the incubation of the eggs. In particular, a reduction in the relative humidity of 32 to 45% leads to an increase in productivity. A regulatory element of chick reproduction is the hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT), which is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released into the blood via the neurohypophysis. Among other things, AVT stimulates the contraction of the oviduct during egg laying. Another biological function of the AVT is the regulation of the water balance. It has been found that an osmotic stimulus during embryonic development, such as a reduction in humidity in the incubator, causes a permanent increase in the activity of the AVT system during later life. It has been shown in particular that the incubation of hatching eggs under reduced atmospheric humidity can be used to increase egg production via the permanent stimulation of the AVT system. A precise explanation of the physiological effects of this mechanism is still pending.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Eier in den ersten 8 bis 10 Tagen nach der Eiablage bei einer relativen Luftfeuchte von etwa 58 bis 62%, anschließend bis zum 18. Tag bei einer relativen Luftfeuchte von 32 bis 40% und dann bei einer relativen Luftfeuchte von 78 bis 80% bis zum Schlupf inkubiert. Die letzte Bebrütungsstufe entspricht Standardbedingungen und erfolgt vorzugsweise im Schlupfbrüter.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the eggs are in the first 8 to 10 days after the egg laying at a relative humidity of about 58 to 62%, then until the 18th day at a relative humidity of 32 to 40% and then at a relative Humidity from 78 to 80% incubated until hatching. The last incubation stage corresponds to standard conditions and is preferably carried out in the hatcher.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Inkubationsverfahren läßt sich die Eierproduktion von etwa 260 Eiern pro Henne und Jahr •um etwa 5 Eier steigern. Zur Erzielung der gegenwärtigen Eierproduktion in Deutschland müßten bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens etwa 1 Mio. Legehennen weniger gehalten werden bzw. es würden 250 Mio. Eier mehr erzeugt werden.
Die Erfindung wird durch das nachfolgende Beispiel näher erläutert.The inventive incubation the egg production of about 260 eggs per hen and year • can be increased by about 5 eggs. To achieve the current egg production in Germany, about 1 million fewer laying hens would have to be kept or 250 million more eggs would be produced if the method according to the invention were used. The invention is illustrated by the following example.
Beispiel:Example:
Befruchtete Eier einer Gruppe von Hennen einer Leghorn Linie (LSL) wurden zufällig in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt. Bei der Kontrollgruppe I erfolgte die Bebrütung unter Standardbedingungen und bei der Versuchsgruppe II eine Bebrütung unter reduzierter Luftfeuchtigkeit. Bis zum 8. Tag wurden beide Gruppen im selben Inkubator bei 58 bis 62 % relativer Luftfeuchte inkubiert, wobei die Bebrütungstemperatur 37,8 °C betrug. Ab dem 8. Tag wurden die Gruppen geteilt und Gruppe II wurde bei einer relativen Luftfeuchte von 32 bis 40 % bebrütet. Ab dem 18. Inkubationstag wurden beide Gruppen wieder in einen gemeinsamen Schlupfbrüter verbracht und bei 37,0 °C und einer relativen Luftfeuchte von 78 bis 80 % entsprechend Standardbedingungen bis zum Schlupf bebrütet. Die Schlupfrate, d.h. Anzahl der geschlüpften Tiere, bezogen auf eingelegte Eier, war zwischen beiden Gruppen nicht signifikant unterschiedlich und betrug 89 bis 91 %. Die Versuchsdauer betrug 52 Wochen.Fertilized eggs from a group of leghorn line (LSL) hens were randomly divided into two groups. In control group I, the incubation was carried out under standard conditions and in test group II, incubation was carried out under reduced humidity. Up to the 8th day, both groups were incubated in the same incubator at 58 to 62% relative humidity, the incubation temperature being 37.8 ° C. From day 8, the groups were divided and group II was incubated at a relative humidity of 32 to 40%. From the 18th day of incubation, both groups were again placed in a hatcher and incubated at 37.0 ° C and a relative humidity of 78 to 80% according to standard conditions until hatching. The hatching rate, i.e. The number of hatched animals, based on the eggs, was not significantly different between the two groups and was 89 to 91%. The test duration was 52 weeks.
Ein weiteres Experiment wurde in derselben Weise durchgeführt, wobei die Versuchsdauer nun 45 Wochen betrug.Another experiment was carried out in the same way, the test duration now being 45 weeks.
Insgesamt war der Anstieg der Produktivität in der Gruppe II, verglichen mit der Kontrollgruppe I, 6,8 Eier pro Tier während der 52wöchigen Versuchsdauer und 3,7 Eier pro Henne während der 45wöchigen Versuchsdauer. Die Ergebnisse dieser beiden Experimente sind in den Tabellen 1 und 2 dargestellt.
Experiment 1Overall, the increase in productivity in group II compared to control group I was 6.8 eggs per animal during the 52-week trial period and 3.7 eggs per hen during the 45-week trial period. The results of these two experiments are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Experiment 1
Eierprod. / Eierprod. /Egg prod. / Egg prod. /
Alter Versuchsgr. Kontrollgr. (Wochen) (32-40%RL+) (58-62%RL) (n=25) (n=25)Old test size Control gr. (Weeks) (32-40% RL + ) (58-62% RL) (n = 25) (n = 25)
21-24 8.1±0.9 8.010.921-24 8.1 ± 0.9 8.010.9
25-28 26.1±0.3 25.710.325-28 26.1 ± 0.3 25.710.3
29-32 26.2±0.3 26.010.329-32 26.2 ± 0.3 26.010.3
33-36 26.2±0.3 25.310.3*33-36 26.2 ± 0.3 25.310.3 *
37-40 25.8±0.4 24.810.3*37-40 25.8 ± 0.4 24.810.3 *
41-44 25.010.4 24.010.441-44 25.010.4 24.010.4
45-48 24.210.5 22.710.3**45-48 24.210.5 22.710.3 **
49-52 23.210.5 21.510.449-52 23.210.5 21.510.4
21-52 184.812.3 178.011.7*21-52 184.812.3 178.011.7 *
Experiment 2Experiment 2
Eierprod./ Eierprod. /Egg product / Egg product /
Alter Versuchsgr. Kontrollgr.Old test size Control gr.
(Wochen) (32-40%RL) (58-62%RL)(Weeks) (32-40% RL) (58-62% RL)
(n=50) (n=50)(n = 50) (n = 50)
18-21 4.810.8 4.110.618-21 4.810.8 4.110.6
22-25 23.310.6 22.910.722-25 23.310.6 22.910.7
26-29 27.510.2 26.410.3 + 26-29 27.510.2 26.410.3 +
30-33 27.2+0.2 26.310.3**30-33 27.2 + 0.2 26.310.3 **
34-37 27.110.2 27.210.234-37 27.110.2 27.210.2
38-41 27.010.2 26.910.238-41 27.010.2 26.910.2
42-45 27.4+0.2 26.810.2*42-45 27.4 + 0.2 26.810.2 *
18-45 164.311.3 160.611.3*18-45 164.311.3 160.611.3 *
RL = Relative Luftfeuchtigkeit in % * Signifikant für p<0,05 *+Signifikant für p<0,02 **Signifikant für p<0,01RL = Relative humidity in% * Significant for p <0.05 * + Significant for p <0.02 ** Significant for p <0.01
Diese Ergebnisse zeigen eine eindrucksvolle Steigerung der Legeproduktivität nach Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Bebrütungsverfahrens.
These results show an impressive increase in laying productivity after using the incubation method according to the invention.
Claims
1. Verfahren zur Inkubation von Hühnereiern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während der Inkubation ein osmotischer Stimulus auf die Hühnereier ausgeübt wird.1. A method for incubating chicken eggs, characterized in that an osmotic stimulus is exerted on the chicken eggs during the incubation.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der osmotische Stimulus in einer mehrtägigen Verringerung der Luftfeuchtigkeit während der Vorbrut besteht.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the osmotic stimulus consists in a multi-day reduction in humidity during the pre-breeding.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die relative Luftfeuchte auf 32 bis 42% eingestellt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the relative humidity is set to 32 to 42%.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bebrütung bei verringerter Luftfeuchte zwischen dem 8. und dem 18. Bebrutungstag erfolgt. 4. The method according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the incubation takes place at a reduced humidity between the 8th and the 18th incubation day.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19535073A DE19535073C1 (en) | 1995-09-21 | 1995-09-21 | Process for the artificial incubation of chicken eggs |
| DE19535073.1 | 1995-09-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997010707A1 true WO1997010707A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 |
Family
ID=7772763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1996/003866 WO1997010707A1 (en) | 1995-09-21 | 1996-09-04 | Method of artificially incubating hens' eggs |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19535073C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997010707A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001057069A2 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2001-08-09 | Transgene S.A. | Targeting peptides |
| US6534059B2 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2003-03-18 | Advanced Biotherapy, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating hyperimmune response in the eye |
| CN102972312A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-20 | 陆威延 | Energy-saving hatching device |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200807972B (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2009-08-26 | Ovagen Internat Ltd | Method for incubation and hatching of eggs |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2056247B (en) * | 1979-07-31 | 1982-11-17 | Trefolium Marketing Consultant | Egg incubation |
-
1995
- 1995-09-21 DE DE19535073A patent/DE19535073C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-09-04 WO PCT/EP1996/003866 patent/WO1997010707A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| DAVIS ET AL: "Embryonic Osmoregulation: Consequences of High and Low Water Loss during Incubation of the Chicken Egg", THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY, no. 245, 1988, US, pages 144 - 156, XP000613521 * |
| ROBERTSON: "Studies on the effect of humidity on the hatchability of hens' eggs II: A comparison of hatchability, weight loss and embryonic growth in eggs incubated at 40 and 70 % R.H.", JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, no. 57, 1961, GB, pages 195 - 198, XP000613524 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001057069A2 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2001-08-09 | Transgene S.A. | Targeting peptides |
| WO2001057069A3 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2002-02-21 | Transgene Sa | Targeting peptides |
| US6534059B2 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2003-03-18 | Advanced Biotherapy, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating hyperimmune response in the eye |
| CN102972312A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-20 | 陆威延 | Energy-saving hatching device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19535073C1 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
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