WO1997009698A1 - A vending machine - Google Patents

A vending machine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997009698A1
WO1997009698A1 PCT/GB1996/002159 GB9602159W WO9709698A1 WO 1997009698 A1 WO1997009698 A1 WO 1997009698A1 GB 9602159 W GB9602159 W GB 9602159W WO 9709698 A1 WO9709698 A1 WO 9709698A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator
vending machine
panel
machine according
transducer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1996/002159
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Henry Azima
Martin Colloms
Neil Harris
Original Assignee
New Transducers Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9517918.0A external-priority patent/GB9517918D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9522281.6A external-priority patent/GB9522281D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9606836.6A external-priority patent/GB9606836D0/en
Priority to US09/011,833 priority Critical patent/US6003766A/en
Priority to DE69601554T priority patent/DE69601554T2/de
Priority to DK96929400T priority patent/DK0847567T3/da
Priority to AU68815/96A priority patent/AU699890B2/en
Priority to JP51096097A priority patent/JP3895775B2/ja
Application filed by New Transducers Limited filed Critical New Transducers Limited
Priority to CA002230459A priority patent/CA2230459A1/en
Priority to AT96929400T priority patent/ATE176826T1/de
Priority to EA199800261A priority patent/EA002337B1/ru
Priority to PCT/GB1996/002159 priority patent/WO1997009698A1/en
Priority to EP96929400A priority patent/EP0847567B1/en
Priority to ES96929400T priority patent/ES2130849T3/es
Priority to RO98-00645A priority patent/RO119033B1/ro
Publication of WO1997009698A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997009698A1/en
Priority to HK98109456A priority patent/HK1008593A1/xx

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/028Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein associated with devices performing functions other than acoustics, e.g. electric candles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07FCOIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F9/00Details other than those peculiar to special kinds or types of apparatus
    • G07F9/02Devices for alarm or indication, e.g. when empty; Advertising arrangements in coin-freed apparatus
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/021Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein incorporating only one transducer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/025Arrangements for fixing loudspeaker transducers, e.g. in a box, furniture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/04Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for correcting frequency response
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/045Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/02Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to vending machines.
  • a panel-form loudspeaker comprising:- a resonant multi-mode radiator element being a unitary sandwich panel formed of two skins of material with a spacing core of transverse cellular construction, wherein the panel is such as to have ratio of bending stiffness (B) , in all orientations, to the cube power of panel mass per unit surface area ( ⁇ ) of at least 10; a mounting means which supports the panel or attaches to it a supporting body, in a free undamped manner; and an electro-mechanical drive means coupled to the panel which serves to excite a multi-modal resonance in the radiator panel in response to an electrical input within a working frequency band for the loudspeaker.
  • B bending stiffness
  • cube power of panel mass per unit surface area
  • Embodiments of the present invention use members of nature, structure and configuration achievable generally and/or specifically by implementing teachings of our co ⁇ pending PCT application no. ⁇ Our case P.5711) of even date herewith.
  • Such members thus have capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in operative area(s) extending transversely of thickness often but not necessarily to edges of the member(s); are configured with or without anisotropy of bending stiffness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said area(s) beneficially for acoustic coupling with ambient air; and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means, particularly operationally active or moving part(s) thereof effective in relation to acoustic vibrational activity in said area(s) and signals, usually electrical, corresponding to acoustic content of such vibrational activity.
  • This invention is particularly concerned with vending machines incorporating active acoustic devices e.g. in the form of loudspeakers for the purpose of providing information concerning the manner of operation of the machine or its contents.
  • the term 'vending machine' is intended to encompass not only food and drink and the like dispensers but also ticket dispensers, automated Bank telling machines, cash dispensers, and the like.
  • distributed mode radiators are intended to be characterised as in the above PCT application and/or otherwise as specifically provided herein.
  • the invention is a vending machine of the kind comprising a store of articles or product to be dispensed, user operated means for selecting the article or product to be dispensed, means, e.g. a coin freed mechanism authorising dispensing, and a dispensing outlet, characterised by a loudspeaker comprising a distributed mode acoustic radiator and a transducer mounted wholly and exclusively on the radiator to vibrate the radiator to cause it to resonate.
  • the vending machine may comprise a visual display panel formed by the radiator.
  • the radiator may comprise a stiff lightweight panel having a cellular core sandwiched between a pair of skins, the panel being surrounded by a frame and mounted in the frame by means of a resilient suspension.
  • the vending machine may comprise a body and the frame may be attached to or formed by the body.
  • the vending machine may comprise a second transducer coupled to the radiator to produce a signal in response to resonance of the radiator due to incident acoustic energy.
  • a further transducer may be provided on the radiator to produce a signal in response to resonance of the radiator to due to incident acoustic energy, and means may be provided for comparing the signal generated by the said further transducer with that of those generated by the said second transducer(s) .
  • the comparison means may comprise a signal receiver and conditioner and signal output means.
  • Figure 2a_ is a partial section on the line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 2b is an enlarged cross-section through a distributed mode radiator of the kind shown in Figure 2a_ and showing two alternative constructions;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of vending machine according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a detail of the vending machine of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective diagram of a modified form of vending machine
  • Figure 6 illustrates one form of transducer.
  • the transducer (9) is driven by a signal amplifier
  • Figures 2a . and 2b are partial typical cross-sections through the loudspeaker (81) of Figure 1.
  • Figure 2a. shows that the frame (1), surround (3) and panel (2) are connected together by respective adhesive-bonded joints (20) .
  • Suitable materials for the frame include lightweight framing, e.g. picture framing of extruded metal e.g. aluminium alloy or plastics.
  • Suitable surround materials include resilient materials such as foam rubber and foam plastics.
  • Suitable adhesives for the joints (20) include epoxy, acrylic and cyano-acrylate etc. adhesives.
  • Figure 2b illustrates, to an enlarged scale, that the panel (2) is a rigid lightweight panel having a core (22) e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g. cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix (98) i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by opposed skins (21) e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet.
  • the skins are of plastics, they may be reinforced with fibres e.g. of carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM) or the like in a manner known per se to increase their modulus.
  • RTM Kevlar
  • Envisaged skin layer materials and reinforcements thus include carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM) i.e. aramid etc. fibres in various lays and weaves, as well as paper, bonded paper laminates, melamine, and various synthetic plastics films of high modulus, such as Mylar (RTM), Kaptan (RTM), polycarbonate, phenolic, polyester or related plastics, and fibre reinforced plastics, etc. and metal sheet or foil.
  • Investigation of the Vectra grade of liquid crystal polymer thermoplastics shows that they may be useful for the injection moulding of ultra thin skins or shells of smaller size, say up to around 30cm diameter.
  • This material self forms an orientated crystal structure in the direction of injection, a preferred orientation for the good propagation of treble energy from the driving point to the panel perimeter.
  • Additional such moulding for this and other thermoplastics allows for the mould tooling to carry location and registration features such as grooves or rings for the accurate location of transducer parts e.g. the motor coil, and the magnet suspension.
  • Additional with some weaker core materials it is calculated that it would be advantageous to increase the skin thickness locally e.g. in an area or annulus up to 150% of the transducer diameter, to reinforce that area and beneficially couple vibration energy into the panel. High frequency response will be improved with the softer foam materials by this means.
  • Envisaged core layer materials include fabricated honeycombs or corrugations of aluminium alloy sheet or foil, or Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM), plain or bonded papers, and various synthetic plastics films, as well as expanded or foamed plastics or pulp materials, even aerogel metals if of suitably low density.
  • Some suitable core layer materials effectively exhibit usable self-skinning in their manufacture and/or otherwise have enough inherent stiffness for use without lamination between skin layers.
  • a high performance cellular core material is known under the trade name 'Rohacell' which may be suitable as a radiator panel and which is without skins. In practical terms, the aim is for an overall lightness and stiffness suited to a particular purpose, specifically including optimising contributions from core and skin layers and transitions between them.
  • piezo and electro dynamic transducers have negligible electromagnetic radiation or stray magnet fields.
  • Conventional speakers have a large magnetic field, up to 1 metre distant unless specific compensation counter measures are taken.
  • the suspension (3) may damp the edges of the panel (2) to prevent excessive edge movement of the panel. Additionally or alternatively, further damping may be applied, e.g. as patches, bonded to the panel in selected positions to damp excessive movement to distribute resonance equally over the panel.
  • the patches may be of bitumen-based material, as commonly used in conventional loudspeaker enclosures or may be of a resilient or rigid polymeric sheet material. Some materials, notably paper and card, and some cores may be self-damping. Where desired, the damping may be increased in the construction of the panels by employing resiliently setting, rather than rigid setting adhesives.
  • Effective said selective damping includes specific application to the panel including its sheet material of means permanently associated therewith. Edges and corners can be particularly significant for dominant and less dispersed low frequency vibration modes of panels hereof. Edge-wise fixing of damping means can usefully lead to a panel with its said sheet material fully framed, though their corners can often be relatively free, say for desired extension to lower frequency operation. Attachment can be by adhesive or self-adhesive materials. Other forms of useful damping, particularly in terms of more subtle effects and/or mid- and higher frequencies can be by way of suitable mass or masses affixed to the sheet material at predetermined effective medial localised positions of said area.
  • An acoustic panel as described above is bi ⁇ directional. The sound energy from the back is not strongly phase related to that from the front. Consequently there is the benefit of overall summation of acoustic power in the room, sound energy of uniform frequency distribution, reduced reflective and standing wave effects and with the advantage of superior reproduction of the natural space and ambience in the reproduced sound recordings.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a vending machine (108), e.g. a drinks dispenser incorporating a loudspeaker (81) whereby the loudspeaker forms part of the front face (109) of the vending machine.
  • the loudspeaker (81) is arranged to provide audio information as to the dispensable contents of the machine and/or the manner it is to be operated.
  • the front (109) of the machine carries the normal coin or the like freed mechanism (143), product selector panel (137) and dispenser outlet (142).
  • the loudspeaker (81) comprises a rectangular lightweight rigid distributed mode radiator panel (2) comprising a cellular core (22) having skin layers (21) on both faces, the panel being supported around its periphery on a resilient suspension (3), e.g. of foam rubber.
  • the suspension is mounted in a rectangular frame (1) mounted in the front face (109) of the machine (108).
  • Visual information e.g. in the form of graphics and text, may be applied to the panel (2) as desired.
  • the panel (2) carries a transducer (9), e.g. of the kind described with reference to our co-pending International application Nos. (our files P.5683/4/5) of even date herewith, whereby the panel can be vibrated to cause it to resonate to produce an acoustic output.
  • the machine will incorporate the required signal generator to produce the necessary messages and amplifier means (not shown) for driving the transducer (9) .
  • the device can be made to be proactive by arranging that the distributed mode panel (2) is capable of use both as a loudspeaker and as a sound receiver or microphone, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the panel is driven to resonate and produce an acoustic output by a transducer (9) of the kind described in our co-pending International application No. of even date herewith, (our files P.5683/4/5), which in turn is connected to and driven by an amplifier (10) .
  • the panel also carries a pair of vibration transducers (63) which may be piezo-electric transducer of the kind shown in Figure 6 which are coupled in parallel to drive a signal receiver and conditioner (65) connected to an output (66).
  • Another vibration transducer (63) on the panel (2), e.g. of the kind shown in Figure 6 is coupled to drive a filter/correlator the output from which is fed to the signal receiver and conditioner (65), to provide signal correction and/or noise cancellation.
  • FIG. 6 shows a transducer (9) for a distributed mode panel (2) in the form of a crystalline disc-like piezo bender (27) mounted on a disc (118), e.g. of brass, which is bonded to a face of the panel (2), e.g. by an adhesive bond (20) .
  • a transducer (9) for a distributed mode panel (2) in the form of a crystalline disc-like piezo bender (27) mounted on a disc (118), e.g. of brass, which is bonded to a face of the panel (2), e.g. by an adhesive bond (20) .
  • an acoustic signal applied to the transducer (9) via leads (28) will cause the piezo disc (27) to bend and thus locally resiliently deform the panel (2) to launch bending waves into the panel.
  • the device is configured such that verbal instructions can be given to the vending machine.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
PCT/GB1996/002159 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 A vending machine WO1997009698A1 (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96929400A EP0847567B1 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 A vending machine
ES96929400T ES2130849T3 (es) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Una maquina expendedora.
RO98-00645A RO119033B1 (ro) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Automat pentru vânzarea produselor
AT96929400T ATE176826T1 (de) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Verkaufsautomat
DK96929400T DK0847567T3 (da) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Salgsautomat
AU68815/96A AU699890B2 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 A vending machine
JP51096097A JP3895775B2 (ja) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 自動販売機
US09/011,833 US6003766A (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Vending machine
CA002230459A CA2230459A1 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 A vending machine
DE69601554T DE69601554T2 (de) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Verkaufsautomat
EA199800261A EA002337B1 (ru) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 Торговый автомат
PCT/GB1996/002159 WO1997009698A1 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 A vending machine
HK98109456A HK1008593A1 (en) 1995-09-02 1998-07-28 A vending machine

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) 1995-09-02 1995-09-02 Acoustic device
GB9517918.0 1995-09-02
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) 1995-10-31 1995-10-31 Acoustic device
GB9522281.6 1995-10-31
GB9606836.6 1996-03-30
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) 1996-03-30 1996-03-30 Acoustic device
PCT/GB1996/002159 WO1997009698A1 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 A vending machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997009698A1 true WO1997009698A1 (en) 1997-03-13

Family

ID=34865246

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1996/002159 WO1997009698A1 (en) 1995-09-02 1996-09-02 A vending machine

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0847567B1 (es)
AT (1) ATE176826T1 (es)
AU (1) AU699890B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2230459A1 (es)
DE (1) DE69601554T2 (es)
DK (1) DK0847567T3 (es)
EA (1) EA002337B1 (es)
ES (1) ES2130849T3 (es)
HK (1) HK1008593A1 (es)
RO (1) RO119033B1 (es)
WO (1) WO1997009698A1 (es)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1083770A2 (de) * 1999-09-09 2001-03-14 Harman Audio Electronic Systems GmbH Schallwandler
EP1100288A2 (en) 1999-11-09 2001-05-16 Yamaha Corporation Acoustic radiator
US6342831B1 (en) 1999-03-05 2002-01-29 New Transducers Limited Electronic apparatus
GB2369232A (en) * 2000-11-18 2002-05-22 Talksign Ltd Flat panel loudspeaker with display surface.
US9564146B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2017-02-07 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing in deep diving environment
US9615189B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2017-04-04 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Artificial ear apparatus and associated methods for generating a head related audio transfer function
US9621994B1 (en) 2015-11-16 2017-04-11 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Surface acoustic transducer
US9615813B2 (en) 2014-04-16 2017-04-11 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. Device for wide-band auscultation
US9638672B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2017-05-02 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for acquiring acoustic information from a resonating body
US9741355B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2017-08-22 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for narrow bandwidth digital signal processing
US9793872B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2017-10-17 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US9883318B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2018-01-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for stereo field enhancement in two-channel audio systems
US9906867B2 (en) 2015-11-16 2018-02-27 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Surface acoustic transducer
US9906858B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2018-02-27 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10069471B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2018-09-04 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10158337B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2018-12-18 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10639000B2 (en) 2014-04-16 2020-05-05 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Device for wide-band auscultation
US10701505B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2020-06-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
US10820883B2 (en) 2014-04-16 2020-11-03 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Noise reduction assembly for auscultation of a body
US10848118B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2020-11-24 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10848867B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2020-11-24 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10959035B2 (en) 2018-08-02 2021-03-23 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
US11202161B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2021-12-14 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
US11211043B2 (en) 2018-04-11 2021-12-28 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc Audio enhanced hearing protection system
US11431312B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2022-08-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
AT525365A4 (de) * 2022-05-25 2023-03-15 Cale3D Prime Gmbh Elektroakustischer Wandler

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GB2262861A (en) * 1990-08-04 1993-06-30 Secr Defence Panel-form loudspeaker
JPH05290256A (ja) * 1992-04-13 1993-11-05 Erugonomikusu Kenkyusho:Kk 自動販売機
JPH06139454A (ja) * 1992-10-26 1994-05-20 Satoru Tsurusaki 文字・図形情報の自動販売機
US5445295A (en) * 1992-01-17 1995-08-29 Brown; Graham Automated vending machine system for recorded goods

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US5091713A (en) * 1990-05-10 1992-02-25 Universal Automated Systems, Inc. Inventory, cash, security, and maintenance control apparatus and method for a plurality of remote vending machines
GB2262861A (en) * 1990-08-04 1993-06-30 Secr Defence Panel-form loudspeaker
US5445295A (en) * 1992-01-17 1995-08-29 Brown; Graham Automated vending machine system for recorded goods
JPH05290256A (ja) * 1992-04-13 1993-11-05 Erugonomikusu Kenkyusho:Kk 自動販売機
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Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6342831B1 (en) 1999-03-05 2002-01-29 New Transducers Limited Electronic apparatus
EP1083770A2 (de) * 1999-09-09 2001-03-14 Harman Audio Electronic Systems GmbH Schallwandler
EP1083770A3 (de) * 1999-09-09 2005-12-07 Harman Audio Electronic Systems GmbH Schallwandler
EP1100288A2 (en) 1999-11-09 2001-05-16 Yamaha Corporation Acoustic radiator
EP1100288A3 (en) * 1999-11-09 2008-03-26 Yamaha Corporation Acoustic radiator
GB2369232A (en) * 2000-11-18 2002-05-22 Talksign Ltd Flat panel loudspeaker with display surface.
GB2369232B (en) * 2000-11-18 2005-01-12 Talksign Ltd Display signs
US6956492B2 (en) 2000-11-18 2005-10-18 Talksign Limited Display signs comprising a flat panel loudspeaker
US10666216B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2020-05-26 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10848118B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2020-11-24 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10158337B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2018-12-18 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US11431312B2 (en) 2004-08-10 2022-08-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US11425499B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2022-08-23 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US11202161B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2021-12-14 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
US10848867B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2020-11-24 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc System and method for digital signal processing
US10701505B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2020-06-30 Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function
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EP0847567B1 (en) 1999-02-17
ATE176826T1 (de) 1999-03-15
EA002337B1 (ru) 2002-04-25
EA199800261A1 (ru) 1998-10-29
CA2230459A1 (en) 1997-03-13
EP0847567A1 (en) 1998-06-17
DK0847567T3 (da) 1999-09-20
RO119033B1 (ro) 2004-02-27
HK1008593A1 (en) 1999-05-14
AU699890B2 (en) 1998-12-17
DE69601554T2 (de) 1999-09-16
ES2130849T3 (es) 1999-07-01
AU6881596A (en) 1997-03-27
DE69601554D1 (de) 1999-03-25

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