WO1997008812A1 - Convertisseur de tension continue a commutation douce - Google Patents
Convertisseur de tension continue a commutation douce Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997008812A1 WO1997008812A1 PCT/FR1996/001330 FR9601330W WO9708812A1 WO 1997008812 A1 WO1997008812 A1 WO 1997008812A1 FR 9601330 W FR9601330 W FR 9601330W WO 9708812 A1 WO9708812 A1 WO 9708812A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- switching
- current
- switches
- voltage
- primary
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
- H02M3/3376—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the conversion of electrical energy and more specifically to the creation, from a DC input voltage, of one or more DC output voltages and aims generally to provide regulation the most perfect possible of the output voltage (s) with respect to, on the one hand, variations in the input voltage, and, on the other hand, variations in the output current (s) absorbed by the load (s) , and, this, with the highest possible yield.
- the first types of voltage converters were linear regulators which heat dissipate the excess energy between the needs of the load and the capacities of the power supply. Such converters are bulky and have a poor efficiency, of the order of 50%.
- the present invention aims precisely, in order to adapt these soft switching techniques to a wider range of input voltages, to restore said soft switching conditions but by simpler means on the contrary reducing losses by conduction, as well as the cost and size of the converter.
- the subject of the invention is a soft-switching DC voltage converter, comprising a transformer, the primary of which is in particular of the half-bridge mounting type and capable of being connected to an input voltage source by by means of two electronic switches, the secondary of which, of the mono-alternation type, is capable of being connected to a load by means of an inductor in series and means for alternately controlling the two switches, at frequency fixed, according to a regulation by pulse width modulation as a function of the output voltage, so as to achieve a switching of zero voltage at said primary, said converter being characterized in that said secondary comprises, in in addition, a resonant circuit so as to achieve at said secondary a quasi-resonant switching at zero current.
- the secondary circuit comprises, in addition to a rectification-filtering circuit of conventional type, a resonant circuit comprising a capacitor and a low value inductance, said resonant circuit being capable of creating in the secondary winding of the transformer , at each switch opening / closing cycle, a sinusoidal current which is zero or passes through a zero value in the time intervals during which the two switches are both open, so that the current of the primary winding either in the direction which favors the soft switching, without loss, of that of the two switches which closes.
- said means for alternately controlling the two switches deliver square signals of identical and constant frequencies, the duration of a slot of one determining the duration of closure of one of the switches, this last duration being modulated as a function of the difference between the output voltage and a reference voltage, while the second signal commands the opening of the second switch before the closing of the first switch and the closing of said second switch after the opening of the first switch, the offsets between the opening of one of the switches and the closing of the other switch being equal and constant.
- Figure 1 is an electrical diagram of a converter of the prior art, of the soft switching type; .
- Figures 2a to 2g are diagrams of the times relating to the circuit of Figure 1; .
- Figure 3 is an electrical diagram of a converter according to the invention; .
- Figures 4a to 4h are diagrams of the times relating to the circuit of Figure 3; .
- Figure 5 is an electrical diagram of the secondary of a converter of the prior art; .
- Figures 6a to 6d are diagrams of the times relating to the circuit of Figure 5; .
- FIGS. 7a to 7d are diagrams of the times relating to the control circuit of the switches of the device of the invention, and
- FIG. 1 represents a converter with soft switching switching regulation, of known principle, with primary circuit isolation transformer with half-bridge mounting.
- the transformer includes a primary core part Np and a secondary core part Ns.
- the polarized end of the primary winding, where the potential Vc is available, is connected via capacitors to the terminals of application of the input voltage Ve, while the other end of said winding, where is available the potential Vp, is connected to these same terminals via two electronic switches, respectively INT1 and INT2.
- the polarized end of the secondary winding is connected by a diode D1 and an inductance L to one of the output terminals of the converter between which the output voltage Vo is available.
- a rectifier diode D2 is mounted between one of the ends of the secondary winding and the diode D 1 -inductance junction L.
- a capacitor Cs is mounted between the output terminals of the converter.
- the control chain of the switches INT1 and INT2 includes a differential amplifier 1 connected to the output of the converter, a circuit 2 of regulation by pulse width modulation, two circuits G 1 and G2 for generating dead time tm connected, the one, directly to circuit 2, the other, indirectly to the latter, via an inverter 3, each circuit G 1, G2 controlling the opening / closing of one of the switches INT1, INT2.
- FIGS. 2a, 2b illustrate the shape of the opening / closing control signals of the switches INT1 and INT2, generated by the circuits G 1, G2.
- FIGS. 2c and 2d respectively represent the variations of potential Vp and of the voltage Vs at the terminals of the secondary winding;
- Figures 2e, 2f and 2g respectively illustrate the variations in current
- T is the cutting period (opening / closing cycle of each switch INT1, INT2) an equal dead time tm being provided between the alternating actuations of these switches so that a simultaneous open state of the latter is obtained twice in each cutting period.
- the invention proposes to modify the secondary circuit as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the rectification circuit - conventional filtering L2, C2, (corresponding to the circuit L, Cs of FIG. 1) is added a resonant circuit L1, C1 at the output of the diode D 1, the diode D2 of FIG. 1 being deleted.
- the inductance L1 is preferably of low value.
- FIG. 5 represents a secondary circuit of a forced-switching chopper converter of the type described in US-A-4.41 5.959 and intended for input voltages not exceeding a few tens of volts.
- Such a secondary is similar to that of FIG. 3 (the homologous components carrying the same reference numeral) with in addition a diode D2 in parallel with the capacitor C1.
- FIGS. 6a to 6d represent diagrams respectively of the voltage Vs at the terminals of the secondary winding, of the voltage VC1 at the terminals of C1, of the current Is of the secondary and of the current IL2 passing through the inductance L2.
- the shape of the current Is (FIG. 6c) is indeed sinusoidal when the voltage Vs is established.
- phase 1 the voltage Vs is established, the inductor L1 charges linearly in current Is up to the value of the current IL2 passing through the inductor L2 and which is close to the current lo supplying the load, the voltage VC1 across the capacitor C1 remaining zero.
- phase 2 the elements L1, C1 are in resonance, the voltage VC1 (figure 6b) and current Is (figure 6c) having a sinusoidal shape, the voltage VC1 rising to twice the voltage Vs.
- phase 3 the diode D1 is blocked in reverse, first of all by the current Is which is canceled, then by the fall of the voltage Vs, the capacitor C1 being discharged linearly by the current IL2.
- phase 4 the current IL2 continues to flow through the freewheeling diode D2, the voltage VC1 remaining zero.
- the voltage VC1 is filtered by L2, C2 so that its average value is equivalent to the output voltage Vo.
- the regulation of the output voltage Vo therefore depends on the form of VC1, that is to say on Vs, lo and on the repetition frequency of the cycle of phases 1 to 4. If the voltage Vs is imposed by the input voltage Ve of the converter, the regulation, in this type of device of FIG. 5, of the output voltage Vo as a function of lo and of the input voltage Ve therefore consists in varying said frequency. On the contrary, in the assembly of the secondary (FIG. 3) of the converter of the invention, the freewheeling diode D2 of FIG. 5 has been deleted, so that the cycle of phases 1 to 4 is replaced by the cycle (FIG. 4h) with two phases 1 and 2. Phase 1, corresponding to phases 1 and 2 of FIGS.
- phase 6a to 6d is a resonance phase and phase 2 is a phase of linear discharge of the capacitor C1 by the current IL2, which is almost constant, corresponding to phase 3 of Figures 6a to 6d.
- the disappearance of phase 4 is brought about by the suppression of the diode D2.
- the shape of the voltage VC1 (figure 4f) is symmetrical around the value of the voltage input slot Vs (figure 4e).
- VC1 can be negative provided that during phase 2 VS remains in an algebraic value lower than VC1, the diode D1 being blocked in reverse. This characteristic fundamentally distinguishes this device from that of FIG. 5 (cf. also FIG. 6b).
- the regulation of the output voltage Vo is therefore very simple. It does not depend on said frequency but only on the amplitude of the voltage input slot Vs,
- the voltage Vs will therefore be regulated as a function of the input voltage Ve by the time t1 (FIG. 4a) defined by a period T of appropriate cutting of the control signals of the switches INT1 and INT2 of the assembly. primary bridge.
- phase 1 (FIGS. 4f and 4g) consists of sinusoidal signals.
- the duration of phase 1 is constant and breaks down (Figure 4g) in a half-period of duration Tr / 2 ( Figure 4g) at the resonance frequency given by L1, C1 and two intervals located on either side.
- the removal of the diode D2 brings the advantage of having fewer losses by conduction or reverse current and leads to a reduction in the size of the device and its cost.
- FIGS. 7a to 7d illustrate by way of example the waveforms generated by the control circuit of the switches INT1 and INT2 of the primary of the converter of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 7a represents the square signal Va generated by the circuit 2, when the amplifier 1 detects a difference between the output voltage Vo and a reference voltage greater than a predetermined threshold.
- FIG. 7b represents the signal Vb which is the inverse of Va and FIGS. 7c and 7d respectively represent the signals Vd for controlling the switch INT1 and Vc for controlling the switch INT2, delivered respectively by the circuits G 1 and G2.
- Vc is generated from Vb and
- the converter of the invention makes it possible to highlight the following observations.
- the switches INT1 and INT2 are for example MOS transistors. They can be made up of other components such as in particular bi-polar, GTO or IGBT transistors. MOS transistors naturally exhibit parasitic components (capacitance and diode) and if the switch types chosen did not include such components, in particular the diode function, it would then be necessary to add this function, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the device.
- the diode D 1 is switched to the locked position in reverse with conditions di / dt and dv / dt lower than in a conventional technique, therefore with less loss by reverse overlap.
- the measurement of the amplitude of VC1 is a good way to measure the output current lo and to implement functions such as: current limitation, current and short-circuit security, servo control with current loop in parallelization of several modules for an equal and controlled distribution of the respective currents.
- a 30 watt converter of the type in FIG. 3 has thus been produced by way of example, having several outputs of different values: 3.3; 5; 1 2; 1 5; 24 and 28 volts, regulated in a range of input voltage values between 200 and 400 volts, the switching frequency being 500 KHz.
- Such a converter had an efficiency of 92% for 15 volts of output and had a volume of 35.6 x 52.5 x 12.7 mm, which is two to three times less than that of the converters of the moment.
- the converter can have several identical outputs, for example mono-alternation as shown in the drawings.
- the resonance inductor L1 can be a discrete component or be an integral part of the leakage inductance of the transformer.
- FIGS. 8a to 8g represent wave diagrams corresponding to an alternative embodiment of the converter consisting essentially of a modification of the dimensioning of the resonant circuit L1 C1 of the device of FIG. 3, this circuit being moreover unchanged.
- the device works on the same principle with the same commands and the same controls.
- the aim sought by such a different dimensioning is to carry out a voltage zero switching, hereinafter denoted ZVS, of each primary switch (INT1, INT2) following the opening of the other switch.
- ZVS a voltage zero switching
- the condition ZVS is fulfilled if the primary current is negative in A and positive in B all the time of this switching which occurs from the start of the time intervals tm.
- the ZVS switching to A is ensured by two parameters: the quasi-resonance in current at the secondary brings back to the primary a current at A which is only gradually increasing.
- the primary current at A remains easily negative the time that the ZVS switching is completed.
- the balance of the primary capacitive bridge means that the average primary current is zero.
- the presence of the output current lo leads to a shift in the negative of the average magnetizing current of the transformer and an even more negative value of the primary current at A. Consequently, the more power the converter provides, the more the condition ZVS at A assured.
- the current brought back from the secondary is zero and only the primary magnetizing current must fulfill the condition of being positive.
- the more power the converter provides at output the more the offset in the negative of the magnetizing average current causes the primary current towards the negative at point B.
- the resonant circuit L1 C1 is dimensioned with a lower resonant frequency, therefore a longer period.
- a non-zero secondary current is thus obtained which superimposes on the primary magnetizing current a positive reduced value contributing to the conservation at B of a positive primary current.
- FIGS. 8d, 8f and 8g illustrate the above, FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c, and
- FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4th being identical to FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4th.
- ia figure 8d the very marked shift towards the positive of the current Ip at the point B and on figure 8g the phase of quasi-resonance in interrupted current of INT2.
- the invention applies of course to other primary assemblies than that of FIG. 3 and, in general, to any primary, in particular of the Buck type, comprising two alternately controllable switches so as to obtain switching gentle at zero voltage.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96929380A EP0847614A1 (fr) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-08-29 | Convertisseur de tension continue a commutation douce |
AU68796/96A AU6879696A (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-08-29 | Direct current voltage converter with soft switching |
US09/029,753 US5903446A (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-08-29 | Direct current voltage converter with soft switching |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9510362A FR2738417B1 (fr) | 1995-08-30 | 1995-08-30 | Convertisseur de tension continue a commutation douce |
FR95/10362 | 1995-08-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997008812A1 true WO1997008812A1 (fr) | 1997-03-06 |
Family
ID=9482260
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1996/001330 WO1997008812A1 (fr) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-08-29 | Convertisseur de tension continue a commutation douce |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5903446A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0847614A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6879696A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2227966A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2738417B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997008812A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1308711B1 (it) * | 1999-02-17 | 2002-01-10 | St Microelectronics Srl | Dispositivo a commutazione con due interruttori a semi-ponte e mezziper mantenere ciascun interruttore in interdizione quando l'altro |
US6442047B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2002-08-27 | Lambda Electronics, Inc. | Power conversion apparatus and methods with reduced current and voltage switching |
CN1411626A (zh) * | 2000-10-18 | 2003-04-16 | 陈军 | 自举推挽桥电源 |
DE10117301A1 (de) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-10 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Stromversorgungsschaltungsanordung mit einem DC/DC- Konverter |
US6807073B1 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2004-10-19 | Oltronics, Inc. | Switching type power converter circuit and method for use therein |
US6636430B1 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-10-21 | University Of Central Florida | Energy transfer concept in AC/DC switch mode power supply with power factor correction |
US6819575B1 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2004-11-16 | University Of Central Florida | AC/DC switch mode power supply with power factor correction using direct energy transfer concept |
US20040228153A1 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-11-18 | Cao Xiao Hong | Soft-switching techniques for power inverter legs |
JP4503348B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2010-07-14 | パナソニック株式会社 | 高周波加熱装置 |
US20060158037A1 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-07-20 | Danley Douglas R | Fully integrated power storage and supply appliance with power uploading capability |
FR2884074B1 (fr) * | 2005-04-01 | 2007-07-06 | Alcatel Converters Sa | Convertisseur a plusieurs voies, a decoupage en cascade et limite en courant |
FR2884075A1 (fr) | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-06 | Thomson Licensing Sa | Convertisseur de tension continue a commutation douce |
FR2884076A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-06 | Thomson Licensing Sa | Convertisseur de tension continue a plusieurs sorties regulees isolees |
US7274975B2 (en) | 2005-06-06 | 2007-09-25 | Gridpoint, Inc. | Optimized energy management system |
US20070203860A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Gridpoint, Inc. | Energy budget manager |
US8103389B2 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2012-01-24 | Gridpoint, Inc. | Modular energy control system |
CN103609013B (zh) | 2011-03-11 | 2016-03-09 | 犹他州立大学 | 利用不对称电压消除技术控制lcl变换器的方法和设备 |
US9140763B2 (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2015-09-22 | Utah State University | Wireless power transfer test system |
US9240270B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2016-01-19 | Utah State University | Wireless power transfer magnetic couplers |
US8922131B1 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2014-12-30 | Universal Lighting Technologies, Inc. | Series resonant inverter with capacitive power compensation for multiple lamp parallel operation |
KR20140117596A (ko) | 2012-01-23 | 2014-10-07 | 유타 스테이트 유니버시티 | 무선 전력 전송 시스템 |
WO2016032981A1 (fr) | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-03 | NuVolta Technologies | Système et procédé de transfert de puissance sans fil |
KR20220151671A (ko) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-11-15 | 후아웨이 디지털 파워 테크놀러지스 컴퍼니 리미티드 | 직류-직류 변환기, 전자 장치 및 충전기 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2170663A (en) * | 1985-02-02 | 1986-08-06 | Brian Ernest Attwood | Harmonic-resonant power supply |
EP0289196A2 (fr) * | 1987-04-27 | 1988-11-02 | AT&T Corp. | Convertisseur de puissance résonnant à haute fréquence |
EP0534379A2 (fr) * | 1991-09-24 | 1993-03-31 | Yamaha Corporation | Circuit d'alimentation de puissance |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4720668A (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1988-01-19 | Lee Fred C | Zero-voltage switching quasi-resonant converters |
US5177675A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1993-01-05 | Shindengen Archer Corp. | Zero voltage, zero current, resonant converter |
US5262930A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-11-16 | The Center For Innovative Technology | Zero-voltage transition PWM converters |
US5434767A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-07-18 | University Of Central Florida | Power converter possessing zero-voltage switching and output isolation |
FR2720567B1 (fr) * | 1994-05-27 | 1996-07-26 | Europ Agence Spatiale | Convertisseur continu continu à rendement élevé. |
-
1995
- 1995-08-30 FR FR9510362A patent/FR2738417B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-08-29 AU AU68796/96A patent/AU6879696A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-29 US US09/029,753 patent/US5903446A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-29 EP EP96929380A patent/EP0847614A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-08-29 CA CA002227966A patent/CA2227966A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-29 WO PCT/FR1996/001330 patent/WO1997008812A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2170663A (en) * | 1985-02-02 | 1986-08-06 | Brian Ernest Attwood | Harmonic-resonant power supply |
EP0289196A2 (fr) * | 1987-04-27 | 1988-11-02 | AT&T Corp. | Convertisseur de puissance résonnant à haute fréquence |
EP0534379A2 (fr) * | 1991-09-24 | 1993-03-31 | Yamaha Corporation | Circuit d'alimentation de puissance |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
HOPKINS: "Hybridized off-line 2 MH zero-current-switched quasi-resonant converter", I.E.E.E. TRANS. ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 4, no. 1, January 1989 (1989-01-01), NEW YORK, pages 147 - 154, XP000028685 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU6879696A (en) | 1997-03-19 |
US5903446A (en) | 1999-05-11 |
EP0847614A1 (fr) | 1998-06-17 |
CA2227966A1 (fr) | 1997-03-06 |
FR2738417A1 (fr) | 1997-03-07 |
FR2738417B1 (fr) | 1997-11-07 |
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