WO1997005364A1 - Guide blade structure and its use in a steam turbine - Google Patents

Guide blade structure and its use in a steam turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997005364A1
WO1997005364A1 PCT/DE1996/001303 DE9601303W WO9705364A1 WO 1997005364 A1 WO1997005364 A1 WO 1997005364A1 DE 9601303 W DE9601303 W DE 9601303W WO 9705364 A1 WO9705364 A1 WO 9705364A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guide vane
cover
main axis
steam turbine
fastening element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1996/001303
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Reinhard BÜRKNER
Torsten Ruhsland
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1997005364A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997005364A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a guide vane structure, in particular for a steam turbine, with at least one supporting guide vane cover and a further guide vane cover.
  • the invention further relates to the use of such a guide vane structure in a steam turbine with a housing.
  • DE-PS 483 287 an upper load nozzle for steam turbines is described with a flow space for the overload steam with an almost constant gap width.
  • the flow space is produced by unscrewing the upper part of an intermediate floor.
  • the intermediate floor is spaced from the housing part in the flow space by using a spacer.
  • steam can be discharged from the housing of the steam turbine at one or more tapping points.
  • the housing has corresponding taps at predetermined positions.
  • the pressure of the extracted steam depends on which turbine stage, i.e. behind which the guide vane cover arranged in the direction of flow is tapped.
  • the tapping can take place behind a package of two to three guide vane covers.
  • the guide vane covers can be welded to one another or connected by means of radially extending pins.
  • the number and position of the guide vane covers which can be used in the steam turbine are predetermined by this type of fastening, so that a predetermined, unchangeable tapping also takes place.
  • DE 28 28 490 B2 describes a stator for a turbomachine in which a number of partitions with guide vanes are assembled to form a package that is mounted in the stator housing as a unit.
  • Each intermediate wall is surrounded by a ring, the corresponding depressions have, ⁇ o that adjacent rings interlock and have a direct mechanical contact.
  • the first ring in the flow direction is connected to the stator housing.
  • the further downstream rings are fastened by a bolt penetrating them between the first ring and a guide ring which does not enclose a partition and is fixed in the housing.
  • the turbomachine described has a single such package with an unchangeable axial distance between the intermediate walls.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a guide vane structure in which the number and position of the guide vane covers can also be changed retrospectively, so that a predeterminable discharge of fluid, in particular tapping, is ensured.
  • Another object of the invention is to specify a use of the guide vane structure in a steam turbine.
  • the task aimed at a guide vane structure for a steam turbine is achieved in that a group of
  • Guide vane covers which are largely rotationally symmetrical to a main axis and each have at least one screw opening parallel to the main axis, are provided, comprising at least one supporting guide vane cover for fixing the group in a housing, a turbine and at least one further guide vane cover.
  • this further guide vane cover is arranged at a corresponding distance in front of or behind the supporting guide vane cover and on this by at least one fastening element that extends essentially parallel to the main axis through the screw openings attached.
  • standardized guide vane covers with the fastening element can be attached to one another, in particular re to be attached to a package.
  • the number of guide vane lids is variable and can be, for example, two to five.
  • the further guide vane cover can be arranged in front of or behind the supporting guide vane cover and can be fastened to it when viewed in the direction of flow. When using several further guide vane covers, these can be arranged in almost any arrangement downstream and upstream of the supporting guide vane cover. This results in a variation of the pressure drop due to a changed arrangement of the further guide vane covers for a given position of a tapping nozzle in a steam turbine, even for a given position of the supporting guide vane cover.
  • a change in the tap pressure can be achieved by changing the arrangement of the guide vane covers without further measures.
  • a pressure drop in a gas turbine can be achieved through the guide vane structure.
  • such a guide vane structure can also be used to adjust the pressure drop when an overload is introduced to a corresponding overload steam introduction part.
  • a spacer ring is preferably arranged between two adjacent guide vane covers, as a result of which the axial distance of the guide vane covers from one another and thus a turbine stage is defined.
  • a corresponding pressure drop can be set individually and subsequently for each stage.
  • the spacer ring preferably also has at least one screw opening through which a respective fastening element can be guided, as a result of which the spacer ring can be positioned without further measures.
  • the spacer ring can also be arranged so that it is not penetrated by the fastening element.
  • Each fastening element is preferably detachable, as a result of which a modification of the guide vane structure can also be carried out in a simple manner afterwards. This is particularly advantageous if the pressure of the steam drawn off is to be changed without changing the position of the tapping points of a steam turbine.
  • the fastening element is preferably a screw.
  • This can be designed as an expansion bolt to compensate for temperature expansions and to minimize thermal stresses.
  • the screw opening of a guide vane cover can also be shaped such that it receives such an expansion bolt flush so that it is countersunk in the guide vane cover.
  • the screw opening is preferably a through hole with a round cross-section, although other cross-section shapes, such as rectangular, are of course also possible.
  • the fastening element can also be a metal rod, for example, which has bores for receiving pins, which detachably engage in the radial direction through a corresponding guide vane cover in the metal rod. This also achieves a releasable fastening of the guide vane covers by means of a fastening element.
  • the guide vane covers still remain undamaged and can again be combined by means of a new fastening element or new fastening elements to form the desired guide vane structure, which is thus retained in its original form.
  • the object aimed at using the guide vane structure is achieved in that the guide vane structure is used in a steam turbine to produce a predeterminable tap.
  • This is achieved in particular by making the guide vane covers the same and largely standardized within a step group, so that they can be manufactured independently of a specific tapping and position of the tapping nozzles.
  • the further guide vane covers can be arranged accordingly for a specific tap. If it is necessary to change the tapping pressure of a predetermined tapping nozzle, the guide vane structure can be reassembled or implemented in order to set the desired tapping pressure. This can be carried out with little effort without completely redesigning the guide vane structure, ie the step group.
  • the steam turbine has a housing which is directed along a main axis.
  • the guide vane structure is fixed in the housing via the supporting guide vane cover.
  • the supporting guide vane cover preferably extends radially outward further than the further or the further guide vane cover and protrudes into a groove of the housing forming a sealing surface.
  • the variability of the guide vane structure is achieved in that the further guide vane cover or the further guide vane covers can be arranged in almost any combination ⁇ downstream or ⁇ flow on the carrying guide vane cover.
  • the tapping pressure can be variably adjusted by regrouping the existing guide vane covers or by increasing or removing one or more guide vane covers downstream and upstream of the supporting guide vane cover.
  • the guide vane structure is explained in more detail with the aid of the figure.
  • the single figure shows a longitudinal section of a guide vane structure in a steam turbine (not shown in detail).
  • the illustrated guide vane structure 1 is largely symmetrical to the main axis 4, along which the housing 11 of the steam turbine is directed.
  • the guide vane structure 1 has a supporting guide vane cover 2, to which a further guide vane cover 3 is attached in each case upstream and downstream.
  • a plurality of screw openings 5 and 6, which run parallel to the main axis 4 and which are designed as through bores, in the supporting guide vane cover 2 and the further guide vane covers 3.
  • a spacer ring 7 is arranged in each case between the supporting guide vane cover 2 and the further guide vane covers 3.
  • This spacer ring 7 also has penetrating screw openings 8 running parallel to the main axis 4.
  • a fastening means 9, a screw 9a is guided through all the screw openings 5, 6 and 8 lying in a line parallel to the main axis 4.
  • This screw 9a is designed as an expansion bolt, at the ends of which a screw nut 16 is tightened with a securing element (not shown further).
  • the load-bearing guide vane cover 2 is directed further radially outward than the other guide vane covers 3 and bears against a sealing surface 10 of the housing 11. As a result, in addition to an axial fixation of the supporting guide vane cover 2, a leakage flow between the housing 11 and the guide vane structure 1 is prevented in the axial direction.
  • Each guide vane cover 2, 3 has guide vanes 12 running from the outer circumference to the main axis 4.
  • the arrow 15 indicates the direction of flow of the steam of the steam turbine as it enters between the guide vanes 12. Downstream of the guide vane structure 1 there is a tapping nozzle (not shown) for tapping steam.
  • each fastening element 9 there is a releasable fastening and arrangement of the further guide vane covers 3 with the supporting guide vane cover 2.
  • a change in the guide vane structure 1 can also be achieved subsequently by simply loosening the fastening elements 9. It is also easily possible to add a further guide vane cover 3 or to remove a further guide vane cover 3. by using a fastening means 9 correspondingly changed in length.
  • the invention is characterized by a guide vane structure in which standardized guide vane covers are attached to a supporting guide vane cover which is also standardized by interposing spacer rings of different thicknesses.
  • the fastening is preferably carried out via at least one fastening element which is guided through screw holes in the guide vane covers and the spacer rings through all spacer rings and guide vane covers and thus connects them to form a unit.
  • the variably adaptable guide vane structure can be used to implement a desired tapping pressure in which the number and the position of the further guide vane covers and the distance from one another are selected accordingly.
  • the supporting guide vane cover not only fixes the further guide vane covers and fixes them in the housing of the steam turbine, but also seals them against the housing of the steam turbine. It is also possible to produce guide vane structures of this type with different diameters, each with standardized guide vane covers.

Abstract

A guide blade structure (1) for a steam turbine has at least one bearing guide blade cover (2) and another guide blade cover (3) that are substantially symmetrical about a main axis (4) and are provided each with at least one threaded opening (5, 6) that is substantially parallel to the main axis. A fastening element (9) that is substantially parallel to the main axis (4), in particular a screw (9a), extends through these threaded openings (5, 6) to join together the guide blade covers (2, 3). The fastening element (9) is preferably removeable, so that the guide blade structure (1) may be freely designed and the difference of pressure in the steam turbine may be freely adjusted.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Leitschaufelstruktur sowie Verwendung der Leitschaufelstruk¬ tur in einer DampfturbineGuide vane structure and use of the guide vane structure in a steam turbine
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Leitschaufelstruktur, insbesonde¬ re für eine Dampfturbine, mit zumindest einem tragenden Leit- schaufeldeckel und einem weiteren Leitschaufeldeckel. Die Er¬ findung betrifft weiterhin eine Verwendung einer solchen Leitschaufelεtruktur in einer Dampfturbine mit einem Gehäuse.The invention relates to a guide vane structure, in particular for a steam turbine, with at least one supporting guide vane cover and a further guide vane cover. The invention further relates to the use of such a guide vane structure in a steam turbine with a housing.
In der DE-PS 483 287 ist eine Oberlastdüse für Dampfturbinen beschrieben mit einem Durchflußraum für den Überlastdampf mit nahezu unveränderlicher Spaltbreite. Der Durchflußraum wird durch Ausdrehen des oberen Teils eines Zwischenbodens herge¬ stellt. Der Zwischenboden ist in dem Durchflußraum durch Ver¬ wendung eines Abstandstückes von dem Gehäuseteil beabstandet.In DE-PS 483 287 an upper load nozzle for steam turbines is described with a flow space for the overload steam with an almost constant gap width. The flow space is produced by unscrewing the upper part of an intermediate floor. The intermediate floor is spaced from the housing part in the flow space by using a spacer.
Bei Dampfturbinen mit Anzapfung ist an einer Anzapfstelle oder mehreren Anzapfstellen Dampf aus dem Gehäuse der Dampf¬ turbine ableitbar. Daε Gehäuse weist hierzu an vorgegebenen Positionen entsprechende Anzapfstutzen auf. Der Druck des ab¬ gezapften Dampfes hängt davon ab, hinter welcher Turbinen¬ stufe, d.h. hinter welchem in Strömungsrichtung angeordneten Leitschaufeldeckel die Anzapfung erfolgt. Die Anzapfung kann hinter einem Paket aus zwei bis drei Leitschaufeldeckeln er¬ folgen. Die Leitschaufeldeckel können aneinander geschweißt oder mittelε radial verlaufender Stifte verbunden sein. Durch dieεe Befestigungsart sind Anzahl und Lage der in der Dampf- turbine einεetzbaren Leitschaufeldeckel vorgegeben, so daß ebenfalls eine vorgegebene unveränderbare Anzapfung erfolgt.In the case of steam turbines with tapping, steam can be discharged from the housing of the steam turbine at one or more tapping points. For this purpose, the housing has corresponding taps at predetermined positions. The pressure of the extracted steam depends on which turbine stage, i.e. behind which the guide vane cover arranged in the direction of flow is tapped. The tapping can take place behind a package of two to three guide vane covers. The guide vane covers can be welded to one another or connected by means of radially extending pins. The number and position of the guide vane covers which can be used in the steam turbine are predetermined by this type of fastening, so that a predetermined, unchangeable tapping also takes place.
In der DE 28 28 490 B2 iεt ein Stator für eine Turbomaεchine beεchrieben, bei dem eine Anzahl von Zwischenwänden mit Leit- schaufeln zu einem Paket zusammengebaut εind, daε alε Einheit im Statorgehäuεe montiert iεt. Jede Zwiεchenwand ist hierbei von einem Ring umfaßt, die jeweils entsprechende Vertiefungen aufweisen, εo daß benachbarte Ringe ineinandergreifen und ei¬ nen direkten mechaniεchen Kontakt beεitzen. Der in Strömungs¬ richtung erεte Ringe iεt mit dem Statorgehäuse verbunden. Die weiter stromab liegenden Ringe sind durch einen sie durch- dringendene Bolzen zwischen dem ersten Ring und einem keine Zwischenwand umschließenden in dem Gehäuse fixierten Füh¬ rungsring befestigt. Die beschriebene Turbomaschine weist ein einziges solcheε Paket mit unveränderbarem axialen Abεtand zwiεchen den Zwiεchenwänden auf.DE 28 28 490 B2 describes a stator for a turbomachine in which a number of partitions with guide vanes are assembled to form a package that is mounted in the stator housing as a unit. Each intermediate wall is surrounded by a ring, the corresponding depressions have, εo that adjacent rings interlock and have a direct mechanical contact. The first ring in the flow direction is connected to the stator housing. The further downstream rings are fastened by a bolt penetrating them between the first ring and a guide ring which does not enclose a partition and is fixed in the housing. The turbomachine described has a single such package with an unchangeable axial distance between the intermediate walls.
Aufgabe der Erfindung iεt eε, eine Leitεchaufelεtruktur anzu¬ geben, bei der Anzahl und Lage der Leitεchaufeldeckel auch nachträglich veränderbar εind, εo daß eine vorgebbare Auεlei- tung von Fluid, inεbesondere eine Anzapfung, gewährleistet ist. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht in der Angabe einer Verwendung der Leitschaufelεtruktur in einer Dampftur¬ bine.The object of the invention is to provide a guide vane structure in which the number and position of the guide vane covers can also be changed retrospectively, so that a predeterminable discharge of fluid, in particular tapping, is ensured. Another object of the invention is to specify a use of the guide vane structure in a steam turbine.
Die auf eine Leitεchaufelεtruktur für eine Dampfturbine ge- richtete Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöεt, daß eine Gruppe vonThe task aimed at a guide vane structure for a steam turbine is achieved in that a group of
Leitεchaufeldeckeln, welche weitgehend rotationεsymmetriεch zu einer Hauptachεe sind und zumindest je eine zur Hauptachse parallel verlaufenden Schraubenöffnung aufweiεen, vorgesehen iεt, umfaεεend zumindeεt einen tragenden Leitεchaufeldeckel zur Fixierung der Gruppe in einem Gehäuεe eine Turbine und zumindeεt einen weiteren Leitεchaufeldeckel. Dieεer weitere Leitschaufeldeckel iεt je nach einem über die Gruppe zu er¬ zielenden Druckabfall in Richtung der Hauptachεe in einem entsprechenden Abεtand vor oder hinter dem tragenden Leit- εchaufeldeckel angeordnet und an diesem durch zumindeεt ein εich im wesentlichen parallel zur Hauptachεe erεtreckendeε durch die Schraubenöffnungen geführtes Befestigungεelement befestigt.Guide vane covers, which are largely rotationally symmetrical to a main axis and each have at least one screw opening parallel to the main axis, are provided, comprising at least one supporting guide vane cover for fixing the group in a housing, a turbine and at least one further guide vane cover. Depending on a pressure drop to be achieved via the group in the direction of the main axis, this further guide vane cover is arranged at a corresponding distance in front of or behind the supporting guide vane cover and on this by at least one fastening element that extends essentially parallel to the main axis through the screw openings attached.
Durch die weitgehend parallel verlaufenden Schraubenöffnungen in den Leitschaufeldeckeln können standardiεierte Leitεchau- feldeckel mit dem Befeεtigungεelement aneinander, insbesonde- re zu einem Paket, befestigt werden. Die Zahl der Leitschau¬ feldeckel iεt dabei variabel und kann beispielεweiεe zwei bis fünf betragen. Der weitere Leitschaufeldeckel kann dabei in Strömungsrichtung gesehen sowohl vor oder hinter dem tragen- den Leitschaufeldeckel angeordnet und mit diesem befestigt sein. Bei Verwendung mehrerer weiterer Leitschaufeldeckel können diese in nahezu beliebiger Anordnung stromab und stromauf des tragenden Leitschaufeldeckels angeordnet εein. Hierdurch ist bei vorgegebener Position eines Anzapfstutzenε in einer Dampfturbine selbεt bei vorgegebener Position deε tragenden Leitεchaufeldeckelε eine Variation deε Druckgefäl- leε durch eine veränderte Anordnung der weiteren Leitεchau- feldeckel gegeben. Hierdurch kann durch eine veränderte An¬ ordnung der Leitεchaufeldeckel ohne weitere Maßnahmen eine Veränderung des Anzapfdruckeε erreicht werden. Analog kann ein Druckgefälle in einer Gaεturbine durch die Leitεchaufel¬ εtruktur erzielt werden. Selbεtverständlich kann eine solche Leitεchaufelεtruktur auch der Anpaεεung deε Druckgefälleε bei einer Überlaεteinleitung an einer entεprechenden Überlaεt- dampf-Einleitungεεteile dienen.Due to the largely parallel screw openings in the guide vane covers, standardized guide vane covers with the fastening element can be attached to one another, in particular re to be attached to a package. The number of guide vane lids is variable and can be, for example, two to five. The further guide vane cover can be arranged in front of or behind the supporting guide vane cover and can be fastened to it when viewed in the direction of flow. When using several further guide vane covers, these can be arranged in almost any arrangement downstream and upstream of the supporting guide vane cover. This results in a variation of the pressure drop due to a changed arrangement of the further guide vane covers for a given position of a tapping nozzle in a steam turbine, even for a given position of the supporting guide vane cover. As a result, a change in the tap pressure can be achieved by changing the arrangement of the guide vane covers without further measures. Analogously, a pressure drop in a gas turbine can be achieved through the guide vane structure. Of course, such a guide vane structure can also be used to adjust the pressure drop when an overload is introduced to a corresponding overload steam introduction part.
Zwiεchen zwei benachbarten Leitschaufeldeckeln ist vorzugs¬ weise ein Distanzring angeordnet, wodurch der axiale Abstand der Leitεchaufeldeckel zueinander und damit einer Turbinen- εtufe definiert wird. Inεbeεondere bei einer Dampfturbine mit mehreren Stufen kann für jede Stufe individuell und auch nachträglich ein entεprechendeε Druckgefälle eingeεtellt wer¬ den.A spacer ring is preferably arranged between two adjacent guide vane covers, as a result of which the axial distance of the guide vane covers from one another and thus a turbine stage is defined. In particular in the case of a steam turbine with several stages, a corresponding pressure drop can be set individually and subsequently for each stage.
Der Distanzring weiεt vorzugsweise ebenfalls zumindest eine Schraubenöffnung auf, durch die ein jeweiliges Befestigungs¬ element führbar ist, wodurch eine Positionierung des Distanz- ringeε ohne weitere Maßnahmen erreicht iεt. Selbεtverεtänd- lich kann der Distanzring auch so angeordnet sein, daß er von dem Befeεtigungεelement nicht durchdrungen wird. Jedes Befeεtigungεelement iεt vorzugsweise lösbar, wodurch auch im nachhinein eine Veränderung der Leitschaufelstruktur auf einfache Art und Weise durchgeführt werden kann. Dies ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn ohne Veränderung der Lage der Anzapfstellen einer Dampfturbine der Druck deε abgezapf¬ ten Dampfes geändert werden soll.The spacer ring preferably also has at least one screw opening through which a respective fastening element can be guided, as a result of which the spacer ring can be positioned without further measures. Of course, the spacer ring can also be arranged so that it is not penetrated by the fastening element. Each fastening element is preferably detachable, as a result of which a modification of the guide vane structure can also be carried out in a simple manner afterwards. This is particularly advantageous if the pressure of the steam drawn off is to be changed without changing the position of the tapping points of a steam turbine.
Das Befestigungselement ist hierzu vorzugεweiεe eine Schrau¬ be. Dieεe kann zum Ausgleich von Temperaturdehnungen und zur Minimierung von Wärmeεpannungen alε Dehnbolzen auεgeführt εein. Die Schraubenöffnung eineε Leitεchaufeldeckelε kann zu¬ dem so geformt εein, daß sie einen solchen Dehnbolzen bündig aufnimmt, εo daß dieεer in dem Leitεchaufeldeckel verεenkt iεt. Die Schraubenöffnung ist bevorzugt eine Durchgangsboh- rung mit rundem Querεchnitt, wobei selbεtverεtändlich auch andere Querεchnittεformen, wie rechteckig, möglich sind. Das Befestigungselement kann beispielεweiεe auch eine Metall- εtange εein, welche Bohrungen zur Aufnahme von Stiften auf¬ weiεt, welche lösbar in radialer Richtung durch einen ent- sprechenden Leitschaufeldeckel in die Metallstange eingrei¬ fen. Auch hierdurch wird eine lösbare Befestigung der Leit- εchaufeldeckel mittelε eines Befestigungεelementeε erreicht. Selbst im Falle einer Reparatur, bei der ein Befestigungs¬ element beschädigt wird, bleiben dennoch die Leitεchaufel- deckel unbeεchädigt und können erneut mittelε eineε neuen Be- feεtigungεelementes oder neuer Befeεtigungεelemente zu der gewünεchten LeitSchaufelstruktur zusammengefaßt werden, die in ihrer ursprünglichen Form somit erhalten bleibt.For this purpose, the fastening element is preferably a screw. This can be designed as an expansion bolt to compensate for temperature expansions and to minimize thermal stresses. The screw opening of a guide vane cover can also be shaped such that it receives such an expansion bolt flush so that it is countersunk in the guide vane cover. The screw opening is preferably a through hole with a round cross-section, although other cross-section shapes, such as rectangular, are of course also possible. The fastening element can also be a metal rod, for example, which has bores for receiving pins, which detachably engage in the radial direction through a corresponding guide vane cover in the metal rod. This also achieves a releasable fastening of the guide vane covers by means of a fastening element. Even in the event of a repair in which a fastening element is damaged, the guide vane covers still remain undamaged and can again be combined by means of a new fastening element or new fastening elements to form the desired guide vane structure, which is thus retained in its original form.
Die auf eine Verwendung der Leitεchaufelεtruktur gerichtete Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöεt, daß die Leitεchaufelεtruktur in einer Dampfturbine zur Herεtellung einer vorgebbaren An¬ zapfung verwendet wird. Dieε wird insbesondere dadurch er¬ reicht, daß innerhalb einer Stufengruppe die Leitschaufel- deckel gleich und weitgehend standardiεiert hergeεtellt wer¬ den, so daß εie unabhängig von einer konkreten Anzapfung und Lage der Anzapfεtutzen herεtellbar εind. Innerhalb einer Stu- fengruppe εind durch Variation der Dicke der Distanzringe so¬ wie der Anordnung zu dem tragenden Leitschaufeldeckel die weiteren Leitschaufeldeckel für eine konkrete Anzapfung ent¬ sprechend anordenbar. Iεt eine Änderung deε Anzapfdruckes ei¬ neε vorgegebenen Anzapfεtutzenε erforderlich, εo kann die Leitεchaufelεtruktur neu zusammen- oder umgesetzt werden, um den gewünschten Anzapfdruck einzustellen. Dies ist mit gerin¬ gem Aufwand ohne eine völlige Neukonzeption der Leitschaufel- εtruktur, d.h. der Stufengruppe, durchführbar.The object aimed at using the guide vane structure is achieved in that the guide vane structure is used in a steam turbine to produce a predeterminable tap. This is achieved in particular by making the guide vane covers the same and largely standardized within a step group, so that they can be manufactured independently of a specific tapping and position of the tapping nozzles. Within a study By varying the thickness of the spacer rings and the arrangement with respect to the supporting guide vane cover, the further guide vane covers can be arranged accordingly for a specific tap. If it is necessary to change the tapping pressure of a predetermined tapping nozzle, the guide vane structure can be reassembled or implemented in order to set the desired tapping pressure. This can be carried out with little effort without completely redesigning the guide vane structure, ie the step group.
Die Dampfturbine hat ein Gehäuse, welches entlang einer Hauptachse gerichtet ist. Die Fixierung der Leitschaufel¬ struktur in dem Gehäuse erfolgt über den tragenden Leitschau¬ feldeckel. Der tragende Leitεchaufeldeckel erεtreckt εich vorzugεweiεe radial nach außen weiter alε der weitere oder die weiteren Leitschaufeldeckel und ragt in eine eine Dicht¬ fläche bildende Nut des Gehäuseε hinein. Die Veränderbarkeit der Leitschaufelstruktur wird erreicht, indem der weitere Leitschaufeldeckel oder die weiteren Leitschaufeldeckel nahe- zu in beliebiger Kombination εtromab oder εtromauf deε tra¬ genden Leitεchaufeldeckelε anordenbar εind. Durch eine Um¬ gruppierung der vorhandenen Leitschaufeldeckel oder einer Zu¬ nahme bzw. Wegnahme eines oder mehrerer Leitschaufeldeckel stromab sowie stromauf des tragenden Leitschaufeldeckelε iεt der Anzapfdruck variabel einεtellbar.The steam turbine has a housing which is directed along a main axis. The guide vane structure is fixed in the housing via the supporting guide vane cover. The supporting guide vane cover preferably extends radially outward further than the further or the further guide vane cover and protrudes into a groove of the housing forming a sealing surface. The variability of the guide vane structure is achieved in that the further guide vane cover or the further guide vane covers can be arranged in almost any combination ε downstream or ε flow on the carrying guide vane cover. The tapping pressure can be variably adjusted by regrouping the existing guide vane covers or by increasing or removing one or more guide vane covers downstream and upstream of the supporting guide vane cover.
Anhand der Figur wird die Leitεchaufelεtruktur näher erläu¬ tert. Die einzige Figur zeigt in einem Längεεchnitt eine Leitεchaufelεtruktur in einer nicht näher dargeεtellten Dampfturbine.The guide vane structure is explained in more detail with the aid of the figure. The single figure shows a longitudinal section of a guide vane structure in a steam turbine (not shown in detail).
Die dargeεtellte Leitεchaufelstruktur 1 iεt weitgehend εymme- triεch zu der Hauptachεe 4, entlang derer daε Gehäuse 11 der Dampfturbine gerichtet ist. Die Leitεchaufelεtruktur 1 weiεt einen tragenden Leitεchaufeldeckel 2 auf, an dem εtromauf und εtromab je ein weiterer Leitschaufeldeckel 3 befestigt iεt. Im Bereich des äußeren Umfangeε 13 der Leitεchaufeldeckel 2, 3, an dem dieεe unmittelbar an daε Gehäuεe 11 angrenzen, sind in dem tragenden Leitεchaufeldeckel 2 und den weiteren Leit¬ εchaufeldeckeln 3 eine Mehrzahl von parallel zur Hauptachεe 4 verlaufenden Schraubenöffnungen 5 bzw. 6, welche alε Durch- gangεbohrungen ausgeführt εind, vorhanden. Zwischen dem tra¬ genden Leitschaufeldeckel 2 und den weiteren Leitschaufel¬ deckeln 3 ist jeweils ein Distanzring 7 angeordnet. Dieser Distanzring 7 weist ebenfalls ihn durchdringende parallel zur Hauptachse 4 verlaufende Schraubenöffnungen 8 auf. Durch sämtliche in einer Linie parallel zur Hauptachεe 4 liegende Schraubenöffnungen 5, 6 und 8 iεt jeweilε ein Befeεtigungε- mittel 9, eine Schraube 9a, geführt. Dieεe Schraube 9a ist als Dehnbolzen ausgeführt, an desεen Enden je eine Schrauben¬ mutter 16 mit einem nicht weiter dargeεtellten Sicherungεele- ment aufgezogen ist. Der tragende Leitschaufeldeckel 2 ist gegenüber den weiteren Leitschaufeldeckeln 3 radial weiter nach außen gerichtet und liegt an einer Dichtfläche 10 des Gehäuseε 11 an. Hierdurch wird neben einer axialen Fixierung des tragenden Leitschaufeldeckelε 2 auch eine Leckεtrömung zwischen Gehäuse 11 und Leitschaufelεtruktur 1 in axialer Richtung unterbunden. Jeder Leitschaufeldeckel 2, 3 hat von dem äußeren Umfang zur Hauptachse 4 verlaufende Leitschaufeln 12. Mit dem Pfeil 15 ist die Strömungsrichtung des Dampfes der Dampfturbine bei Eintritt zwischen die Leitschaufeln 12 angedeutet. Stromab der Leitεchaufelεtruktur 1 ist ein nicht dargeεtellter Anzapfεtutzen zur Abzapfung von Dampf vorgeεe¬ hen.The illustrated guide vane structure 1 is largely symmetrical to the main axis 4, along which the housing 11 of the steam turbine is directed. The guide vane structure 1 has a supporting guide vane cover 2, to which a further guide vane cover 3 is attached in each case upstream and downstream. In the area of the outer circumference 13 of the guide vane cover 2, 3, on which these directly adjoin the housing 11, there are a plurality of screw openings 5 and 6, which run parallel to the main axis 4 and which are designed as through bores, in the supporting guide vane cover 2 and the further guide vane covers 3. A spacer ring 7 is arranged in each case between the supporting guide vane cover 2 and the further guide vane covers 3. This spacer ring 7 also has penetrating screw openings 8 running parallel to the main axis 4. A fastening means 9, a screw 9a, is guided through all the screw openings 5, 6 and 8 lying in a line parallel to the main axis 4. This screw 9a is designed as an expansion bolt, at the ends of which a screw nut 16 is tightened with a securing element (not shown further). The load-bearing guide vane cover 2 is directed further radially outward than the other guide vane covers 3 and bears against a sealing surface 10 of the housing 11. As a result, in addition to an axial fixation of the supporting guide vane cover 2, a leakage flow between the housing 11 and the guide vane structure 1 is prevented in the axial direction. Each guide vane cover 2, 3 has guide vanes 12 running from the outer circumference to the main axis 4. The arrow 15 indicates the direction of flow of the steam of the steam turbine as it enters between the guide vanes 12. Downstream of the guide vane structure 1 there is a tapping nozzle (not shown) for tapping steam.
Mit jedem Befeεtigungεelement 9 ist eine lösbare Befeεtigung und Anordnung der weiteren Leitεchaufeldeckel 3 mit dem tra¬ genden Leitschaufeldeckels 2 gegeben. Je nach gewünschtem Druckabfall und Lage des Druckabfalls ist auch nachträglich eine Veränderung der Leitschaufelstruktur 1 durch einfaches Löεen der Befeεtigungεelemente 9 erreichbar. Eine Hinzunahme eineε weiteren Leitεchaufeldeckelε 3 oder eine Wegnahme eineε weiteren Leitεchaufeldeckelε 3 iεt ebenfallε einfach möglich, indem ein entsprechend in der Länge geändertes Befestigungs¬ mittel 9 verwendet wird.With each fastening element 9 there is a releasable fastening and arrangement of the further guide vane covers 3 with the supporting guide vane cover 2. Depending on the desired pressure drop and the position of the pressure drop, a change in the guide vane structure 1 can also be achieved subsequently by simply loosening the fastening elements 9. It is also easily possible to add a further guide vane cover 3 or to remove a further guide vane cover 3. by using a fastening means 9 correspondingly changed in length.
Die Erfindung zeichnet sich durch eine Leitεchaufelεtruktur auε, in der εtandardiεierte Leitεchaufeldeckel durch Zwi- schenεchaltung von Diεtanzringen unterschiedlicher Dicke an einem ebenfallε εtandardiεierten tragenden Leitεchaufeldeckel befeεtigt sind. Die Befestigung erfolgt vorzugsweiεe über zu¬ mindeεt ein Befestigungεelement, welcheε durch Schraubenδff- nungen in den Leitεchaufeldeckeln und den Diεtanzringen durch sämtliche Distanzringe und Leitschaufeldeckel hindurchgeführt ist und diese somit zu einer Einheit verbindet. Bei vorgege¬ bener Lage einer Anzapfstelle kann durch die variabel anpass¬ bare Leitschaufelεtruktur ein gewünεchter Anzapfdruck reali- siert werden, in dem die Anzahl und die Lage der weiteren Leitschaufeldeckel sowie der Abstand untereinander entspre¬ chend gewählt wird. Mit dem tragenden Leitschaufeldeckel wird nicht nur eine Befestigung der weiteren Leitschaufeldeckel und eine Fixierung in dem Gehäuse der Dampfturbine erreicht sondern auch eine Abdichtung gegenüber dem Gehäuεe der Dampf¬ turbine. Es iεt ebenfalls möglich Leitschaufelstrukturen die¬ ser Art mit unterschiedlichem Durchmesεer mit jeweils stan- dardiεierten Leitschaufeldeckeln herzustellen. The invention is characterized by a guide vane structure in which standardized guide vane covers are attached to a supporting guide vane cover which is also standardized by interposing spacer rings of different thicknesses. The fastening is preferably carried out via at least one fastening element which is guided through screw holes in the guide vane covers and the spacer rings through all spacer rings and guide vane covers and thus connects them to form a unit. In the case of a predefined position of a tapping point, the variably adaptable guide vane structure can be used to implement a desired tapping pressure in which the number and the position of the further guide vane covers and the distance from one another are selected accordingly. The supporting guide vane cover not only fixes the further guide vane covers and fixes them in the housing of the steam turbine, but also seals them against the housing of the steam turbine. It is also possible to produce guide vane structures of this type with different diameters, each with standardized guide vane covers.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Leitschaufelstruktur (1), insbesondere für eine Dampftur¬ bine, mit einer Gruppe von Leitschaufeldeckeln (2,3), welche weitgehend rotationssymmetrisch zu einer Hauptachse (4) sind und zumindest je eine zu der Hauptachse (4) parallel verlau¬ fende Schraubenöffnung (5,6) aufweisen, umfasεend zumindest einen tragenden Leitschaufeldeckel (2) zur Fixierung der Gruppe in einem Gehäuεe (11) einer Turbine und zumindest ei- nen weiteren Leitschaufeldeckel (3), der je nach einem über die Gruppe zu erzielenden Druckabfall in Richtung der Haupt¬ achse (4) in einem entsprechenden Abstand vor oder hinter dem tragenden Leitschaufeldeckel angeordnet und an diesen durch zumindeεt ein sich im weεentlichen parallel zur Hauptachεe (4) erεtreckendes und durch die Schraubenöffnungen (5,6) ge¬ führtes Befestigungselement (9) befestigt ist.1. Guide vane structure (1), in particular for a steam turbine, with a group of guide vane covers (2, 3) which are largely rotationally symmetrical to a main axis (4) and at least one screw opening running parallel to the main axis (4) (5, 6), comprising at least one load-bearing guide vane cover (2) for fixing the group in a housing (11) of a turbine and at least one further guide vane cover (3), depending on a pressure drop to be achieved via the group the main axis (4) at a corresponding distance in front of or behind the supporting guide vane cover and on this by at least one fastening element (9) extending essentially parallel to the main axis (4) and guided through the screw openings (5, 6) is attached.
2. Leitεchaufelstruktur (1) nach Anspruch 1, bei der zwischen zwei benachbarten Leitschaufeldeckel (2, 3) ein Distanzring (7) angeordnet ist.2. guide vane structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein a spacer ring (7) is arranged between two adjacent guide vane covers (2, 3).
3. Leitεchaufelεtruktur (1) nach Anspruch 2, bei der der Di¬ stanzring (7) zumindeεt eine Schraubenöffnung (8) aufweiεt, durch die ein angeordneteε Befeεtigungεelement (9) geführt iεt.3. guide vane structure (1) according to claim 2, in which the spacer ring (7) has at least one screw opening (8) through which an arranged fastening element (9) is guided.
4. Leitεchaufelεtruktur (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ εprüche, bei der jedeε Befeεtigungεelement (9) löεbar iεt.4. Guide vane structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which each fastening element (9) is detachable.
5. Leitεchaufelεtruktur (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ sprüche, bei der jedes Befestigungεelement (9) eine Schraube (9a) ist.5. guide vane structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which each fastening element (9) is a screw (9a).
6. Leitεchaufelstruktur (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden An- sprüche, bei der der tragende Leitschaufeldeckel (2) eine6. guide vane structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the supporting vane cover (2) is one
Dichtfläche (10) bildend radial von der Hauptachse (4) weiter nach außen gerichtet ist als der weitere Leitschaufeldeckel (3) .Sealing surface (10) forming radially from the main axis (4) further is directed outwards as the further guide vane cover (3).
7. LeitSchaufelstruktur (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden An¬ εprüche in einer Dampfturbine mit einem εich entlang einer Hauptachse (4) erstreckenden Gehäuse (11) , in welchem in axialer Richtung eine Anzapfstelle vorgesehen ist, wobei der tragende Leitschaufeldeckel (3) stromauf der Anzapfstelle an¬ geordnet ist.7. Guide vane structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims in a steam turbine with a housing (11) extending along a main axis (4), in which a tapping point is provided in the axial direction, the supporting guide vane cover (3) upstream of the Tapping point is arranged.
8. Verwendung der Leitεchaufelεtruktur (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Anεprüche in einer Dampfturbine mit zumindest einer in axialer Richtung vorgegebenen Anzapfstelle zur Her¬ stellung einer vorgebbaren Anzapfung. 8. Use of the guide vane structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims in a steam turbine with at least one tapping point predetermined in the axial direction for producing a predeterminable tapping.
PCT/DE1996/001303 1995-07-28 1996-07-17 Guide blade structure and its use in a steam turbine WO1997005364A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19527662.0 1995-07-28
DE1995127662 DE19527662C1 (en) 1995-07-28 1995-07-28 Guide vane structure for a steam turbine and use of the guide vane structure

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19708273C1 (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-04-30 Siemens Ag Industrial steam-turbine housing design
JPH11343807A (en) * 1998-06-01 1999-12-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Connecting stator blade for steam turbine
US7270512B2 (en) * 2005-08-24 2007-09-18 General Electric Company Stacked steampath and grooved bucket wheels for steam turbines

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB208681A (en) * 1923-02-23 1923-12-27 Erste Bruenner Maschinen Fab Improvements in and relating to steam or gas turbines, turbocompressors and the like
CH105313A (en) * 1923-01-25 1924-06-16 Erste Bruenner Maschinen Fab Fastening device for the guide disks of steam turbines, gas turbines, turbo compressors and the like.
DE483287C (en) * 1929-10-01 Aeg Overload nozzle for steam turbines
FR2288214A1 (en) * 1974-10-14 1976-05-14 Creusot Loire IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBOMACHINE STATORS TO SIMPLIFY THE ASSEMBLY AND MANUFACTURING OF THE ASSEMBLY
DE2828490A1 (en) * 1977-07-12 1979-01-25 Stal Laval Turbin Ab TURBO MACHINE

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE483287C (en) * 1929-10-01 Aeg Overload nozzle for steam turbines
CH105313A (en) * 1923-01-25 1924-06-16 Erste Bruenner Maschinen Fab Fastening device for the guide disks of steam turbines, gas turbines, turbo compressors and the like.
GB208681A (en) * 1923-02-23 1923-12-27 Erste Bruenner Maschinen Fab Improvements in and relating to steam or gas turbines, turbocompressors and the like
FR2288214A1 (en) * 1974-10-14 1976-05-14 Creusot Loire IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBOMACHINE STATORS TO SIMPLIFY THE ASSEMBLY AND MANUFACTURING OF THE ASSEMBLY
DE2828490A1 (en) * 1977-07-12 1979-01-25 Stal Laval Turbin Ab TURBO MACHINE

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