WO1997002865A1 - Process for rendering inert and harmless asbestos and solid waste obtained therewith - Google Patents
Process for rendering inert and harmless asbestos and solid waste obtained therewith Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997002865A1 WO1997002865A1 PCT/EP1996/003000 EP9603000W WO9702865A1 WO 1997002865 A1 WO1997002865 A1 WO 1997002865A1 EP 9603000 W EP9603000 W EP 9603000W WO 9702865 A1 WO9702865 A1 WO 9702865A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- asbestos
- solid waste
- silicic compound
- silica
- silicic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 inert and harmless Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/40—Asbestos
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/0066—Disposal of asbestos
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/41—Inorganic fibres, e.g. asbestos
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for rendering inert and harmless asbestos and asbestos-containing waste, in particular intended to eliminate the dispersion of asbestos fibres in the environment by these products, thus making them suitable for disposal in refuse tips or for other uses.
- the invention also refers to the manufactured product or solid waste obtained with said process.
- asbestos is a fibrous silicate, which is extremely suitable for being spun and woven and is, moreover, universally known for its fire-resistant properties. Owing to all of these characteristics, it has been used for a very long time in the production of clothing and other fire- resistant structures.
- a treatment comprising the stages of: - carefully mixing the paste obtained from the pre-treatment stage with a hydraulic binder, with the addition of water where necessary;
- the present invention also relates to a solid, inert and harmless, asbestos-containing waste obtained with the aforementioned process and consisting of a composite structure comprising a hydraulic binder matrix and asbestos fibres coated with a layer of a silicic compound and dispersed in said matrix.
- the asbestos from which the inert solid waste according to the present invention is prepared may be obtained from any application, for example from the stripping of asbestos-based plasters and linings contained in the interiors of buildings, from the removal of insulation from railway carriages and from the replacement of fibro-cement elements.
- the asbestos is obtained from the stripping of abestos-based plasters or linings, or from railway carriages, it is wetted beforehand with the minimum quantity of water indispensable for the purpose. Generally it is wetted already during the stripping procedures in order to limit the dispersion in the air of the smaller fibres, then completing elimination of those stray fibres by means of suction with absolute filters. In order to obtain improved results as regards both the wetting of the fibres and the subsequent treatment intended to produce an inert solid waste, the asbestos-based materials are then opened and if necessary fragmented and then their fibres freed as far as possible, so as to obtain the maximum exposure of the surface of the individual asbestos fibres.
- the asbestos is obtained from fibro-cement articles
- these are broken up and if necessary ground, preferably using the wet method, in order to expose as far as possible the surface of the individual fibres and thus also make these mate ⁇ als suitable for the subsequent treatment rendering them inert and harmless according to the invention.
- the wetted asbestos fibres which are obtained in any of the ways described above, are then made into an aqueous suspension.
- Asbestos has a fibrous chemical/physical structure consisting of SiO ⁇ tetrahedrons which bond metal ions of sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron.
- the asbestos is able to perform an adsorbing action with regard to many substances, becoming stably bonded to them.
- a siliceous type additive with a very fine granulometry and high surface area is added to the above suspension.
- silica compounds with a tetrahedron structure may be used.
- Particularly suitable are the various types of amorphous silica, "silica fume", ground quarzite, precipitated silica, natural and synthetic silica gels, colloidal silica and silicic acid in an aqueous solution, silica obtained by means of combustion of silicon chloride, known commercially by the tradenames AEROSIL and HiSil, "fly ash", infusorial earths and similar compounds.
- the additive must be formulated with a very fine granulometry, for example the dimension of the individual particles must be between 0.001 and 50 ⁇ m and preferably between 0.1 and 25 ⁇ m.
- the additive must also have a high surface area, both so as to make the reaction with the asbestos-based materials more effective and faster, and so as to allow a reduction in the percentage quantity of the additive with respect to the asbestos-based material.
- the surface area of the additive must therefore be greater than at least 0.04 m 2 /g and preferably greater than 10 m 2 /g.
- the preferred additive from among those indicated above, is silica fume, above all in view of its particular fineness (0.1-25 ⁇ m), its high surface area (15-20 m 2 /g), its widespread availability commercially and its not excessively high cost.
- the additive is added in quantities proportional to the quantity of asbestos fibres to be treated and sufficient to obtain saturation of the available bonds of the asbestos fibres.
- the asbestos and additive mixture is thoroughly mixed for a sufficient amount of time to allow the formation of the aforementioned bonds. Only at this stage a hydraulic binder, such as for example cement, lime or gypsum, is added in the quantity necessary to obtain a formulation with the desired mechanical strength; this paste is then mixed and poured into special moulds or directly in the refuse tip, where it is left to harden at ambient temperature for a sufficient amount of time for the use for which it is intended.
- a hydraulic binder such as for example cement, lime or gypsum
- Iower category than those currently required for said disposal, for example category 2A and, if the future regulations should permit it, may also be used as a manufactured product for the building industry.
- a probable mechanism which may justify this extraordinary behaviour - to which, however, the present invention must in no way be limited - could consist in the fact that, in view of the particular chemical nature of the additives of the present invention, the latter tend to bond very stably first with the asbestos, with which they initially come into exclusive contact, and then with the hydraulic binder, thus forming a stabilizing interface, able to give rise to an extremely homogeneous and stable compound, consisting of a binder matrix, in which the individual asbestos fibres individually coated with a layer of additive are dispersed.
- the advantages of the asbestos-based, inert, solid waste, which are obtained with the process according to the invention will emerge more clearly from the description of some experimental tests carried out in order to verify the properties thereof.
- the object of the tests is to verify that the solid waste according to the invention possesses the strength necessary and sufficient to guarantee its stability over time, even in particularly adverse environmental conditions and that it is capable, under such conditions, of not releasing fibres and, therefore, of being disposed of in type 2 A refuse tips.
- Sample A containing asbestos obtained from the removal of insulation from buildings in the form of a sludge, contained 49.5% wet waste (with a dry content of 33%), 48% binder (consisting of a mixture of cement and additive according to the invention) and 2.5% water.
- Sample B consisting of waste containing asbestos obtained from the insulation-stripping of railway carriages, consisted of 45.1 % waste (dry content of 40%), 52.7% binder and 2.2% water.
- the item 'binder includes both the special hydraulic binder used (type 325 Portland cement) and "silica fume" used as the additive according to the invention in the tests described below.
- the percentage of water and hydraulic binder vary substantially in the individual samples and the optimum proportions thereof are yet to be defined, depending, among other things, on the final destination of the product, its required form, the strength of the end product, etc.
- a compression strength of 9-12 Mpa could be sufficient, while if the manufactured product were to be used in the building sector, it would have to have a compression strength greater than 15 Mpa.
- Silicon fume is a material resulting from the industrial production of metallic silicon in an electric oven. It is characterized by a surface area generally of between 15 and 20 m 2 /g and by a granulometry with particle dimensions of between 0.1 and 25 ⁇ m. In all the aforementioned samples, this additive was used in a proportion of 25 parts per 100 parts by weight of dry asbestos, so as to have a surplus of additive able to saturate entirely the available bonds of the asbestos. Further studies are being carried out in order to optimize the necessary quantity of additive, for which a quantity smaller than that indicated above can probably be defined.
- the mix was cast in special moulds, where it was settled by means of compacting and left to harden for two or three days prior to removal from the moulds.
- the samples were cured in an environment with a relative humidity greater than or equal to 90% for 28 days (unless specified otherwise) at a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2°C.
- the samples were prepared in the form of cubes with a side length of 10 cm and were subjected to compression strength tests aimed at measuring the variation in this parameter during curing and following completion of curing. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the samples did not show any signs of degradation, cracking, splitting or swelling noticeable at the end of thirty cycles such as that described above.
- the value of the compression strength was 12.7 MPa.
- the performance characteristics obtained from the waste according to the present invention may be compared with those of fibro-cement materials, as described by a study carried out by the CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - National Research Council) to be published shortly. Said tests were carried out on new and damaged samples of Eternit and asbestos-cement, in which there is a simple bond between asbestos and cement.
- New asbestos-cement panels 15.1 8,500 - 10,000
- the fibres release rate has a very high peak, corresponding to about 7200 fibres/cm 2 . This release rate tends to diminish over time and already after 15 days (360 days) the test-piece releases about 330 fibres/cm 2 .
- the process according to the invention is clearly superior compared to the inert- rendering processes performed in accordance with the known techniques, since the inert solid waste obtained thereby incorporates an exceptionally high asbestos content - which, in the cases tested, ranges from 45 to 55% of asbestos with respect to the total dry weight of inert solid waste - and, after being subjected to any type of stress, has a fibre release rate which is extremely low compared to that of the most common types of fibro- cement, with a compression strength which is entirely comparable.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU66131/96A AU6613196A (en) | 1995-07-10 | 1996-07-09 | Process for rendering inert and harmless asbestos and solid waste obtained therewith |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI951476A IT1275505B (it) | 1995-07-10 | 1995-07-10 | Procedimento di inertizzazione e innocuizzazione di amianto e di rifiuti contenenti amianto e rifiuto solido ottenuto con detto procedimento |
| ITMI95A001476 | 1995-07-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997002865A1 true WO1997002865A1 (en) | 1997-01-30 |
Family
ID=11371945
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1996/003000 WO1997002865A1 (en) | 1995-07-10 | 1996-07-09 | Process for rendering inert and harmless asbestos and solid waste obtained therewith |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU6613196A (it) |
| IT (1) | IT1275505B (it) |
| WO (1) | WO1997002865A1 (it) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014010939A1 (ko) * | 2012-07-10 | 2014-01-16 | Hwang Jung-Ho | 석면입자 고착방법 및 이에 사용되는 무화장치 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0351440A1 (de) * | 1988-07-20 | 1990-01-24 | KLUGE UMWELTSCHUTZ GmbH | Verfahren zum Einbetten von zu deponierendem asbesthaltigem Bauschutt in Betonkörper sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| JPH06183797A (ja) * | 1992-12-22 | 1994-07-05 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | セメント硬化体及びその製造方法 |
-
1995
- 1995-07-10 IT ITMI951476A patent/IT1275505B/it active IP Right Grant
-
1996
- 1996-07-09 AU AU66131/96A patent/AU6613196A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-09 WO PCT/EP1996/003000 patent/WO1997002865A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0351440A1 (de) * | 1988-07-20 | 1990-01-24 | KLUGE UMWELTSCHUTZ GmbH | Verfahren zum Einbetten von zu deponierendem asbesthaltigem Bauschutt in Betonkörper sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| JPH06183797A (ja) * | 1992-12-22 | 1994-07-05 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | セメント硬化体及びその製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9431, Derwent World Patents Index; Class L02, AN 94-252563, XP002017905 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014010939A1 (ko) * | 2012-07-10 | 2014-01-16 | Hwang Jung-Ho | 석면입자 고착방법 및 이에 사용되는 무화장치 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1275505B (it) | 1997-08-07 |
| AU6613196A (en) | 1997-02-10 |
| ITMI951476A1 (it) | 1997-01-10 |
| ITMI951476A0 (it) | 1995-07-10 |
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