WO1997001972A1 - Semelle pour chaussure - Google Patents

Semelle pour chaussure Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997001972A1
WO1997001972A1 PCT/FI1996/000394 FI9600394W WO9701972A1 WO 1997001972 A1 WO1997001972 A1 WO 1997001972A1 FI 9600394 W FI9600394 W FI 9600394W WO 9701972 A1 WO9701972 A1 WO 9701972A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iayer
reflective
insulating
construction
sole construction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1996/000394
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hannu Minkkinen
Arto Laine
Original Assignee
Lenkki Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lenkki Oy filed Critical Lenkki Oy
Priority to EP96922059A priority Critical patent/EP1006828B1/fr
Priority to AU63070/96A priority patent/AU6307096A/en
Priority to DK96922059T priority patent/DK1006828T3/da
Priority to DE69629503T priority patent/DE69629503D1/de
Priority to AT96922059T priority patent/ATE246885T1/de
Publication of WO1997001972A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997001972A1/fr
Priority to NO19976090A priority patent/NO311824B1/no

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/14—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined made of sponge, rubber, or plastic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/34—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with protection against heat or cold

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a footwear sole construction as pre ⁇ sented in the preamble of the accompanying claim 1.
  • air-containing porous plastic has been used as heat-insulating material, which plastic has poor thermal con ⁇ ductivity and which therefore serves as an insulator.
  • the construction of the insulator is so dense that the convection, i.e., in this case the air flow through the insulator, is prevented.
  • a material of this type is most commonly of foamed polyurethane, EVA (ethylene-vinylacetate) foam or latex foam.
  • EVA ethylene-vinylacetate foam or latex foam.
  • Another generally used solution is to "lighten" the some ⁇ what thick sole construction by shaping projections on the sole surface which is against the foot, between which projections there is left mate- rial and weight saving air pocket which, at the same time, is a heat- insulating construction.
  • a reflective Iayer can have been glued on the surface of the insulating Iayer, which reflective Iayer is most commonly a thin metal film, e.g. a lustrous aluminium foil.
  • a lustrous metal surface well reflects the heat radiation coming via the insulating Iayer and it should thus prevent heat loss by radiation.
  • the reflective Iayer is attached to the insulating Iayer by gluing.
  • the glue Iayer is thin (0.02 — 0.03 mm) and e.g. visually seen it is transparent, it can affect the heat-insulating prop ⁇ erties.
  • Many materials used as a glue absorb well heat radiation in the wavelength area of 8 to 15 ⁇ m, and the quantity that is absorbed can well exceed even 80 %.
  • the radiation reflecting back from the re ⁇ flecting surface of the reflective Iayer is absorbed when returning to the glue Iayer, so that over 95 % of the heat radiation can be absorbed even to a thin glue Iayer. The quantity of the heat radiation returning to the insulating Iayer can thus be very small.
  • the problem is that the materials of the reflective Iayer also conduct well heat, wherein when the heat is transferred by conducting from the glue Iayer to the reflective Iayer, heat is transferred out exactly due to the good heat conductivity of the reflective Iayer, e.g. to the glue Iayer on the opposite side of the reflective Iayer.
  • British Patent application GB-A-2137866 discloses a separate insole in which a surface which is facing the inner sole is made of polyester coated with a metal film, and between the outermost metal surface and the inner sole there is an additional intermediate Iayer, having a thick ⁇ ness of 1 mm, attached to the metal surface, perforated and made of polyethylene.
  • the polyester Iayer (PET) on the side of the foot behaves in the same manner as the glue Iayer; it conducts well heat, and the openness of the intermediate Iayer facing the inner sole subjects the metal Iayer to mechanical damages and the heat is capable of transfer ⁇ ring partially by convection through holes, particularly in the case of a separate insole, which will move during the use.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the above mentioned disad ⁇ vantages and to present a sole construction with improved heat insula ⁇ tion properties, the sole construction being most commonly an insole used between the inner lining and the wear sole.
  • the sole construction is mainly characterized in what is presented in the characterizing portion of the accompanying claim 1.
  • the reflective surface of the reflective Iayer is attached directly to the material of the insulating Iayer without an intermediate absorbent glue Iayer.
  • the sig ⁇ nificance of this construction has until now remained undiscovered, but it can be proved that the advantage achieved by means of it is distinctly to be noticed in connection with insulating layers permeable to heat radiation.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a cross section of a conventional construction and phenomena taking place therein
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a cross section of a construction in accordance with the invention and phenomena taking place therein
  • Fig. 3 shows how the construction in accordance with the invention is located in the footwear
  • Fig. 4 shows a second altemative of the sole construction.
  • the reference numeral 1 refers generally to an insulating Iayer having the predominant task of preventing heat transfer from taking place by conduction.
  • the insulating layers employed advantageously in the construction of the invention are discussed later.
  • a glue Iayer 2 To this Iayer there is attached, by using a glue Iayer 2, a reflective Iayer 3 made of such material that its surface reflects more than 90 %, preferably more than 95 % of the heat radiation coming thereto in the wave-length area of 8 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • Such materials include metals, and the most employed mate ⁇ rial is aluminium.
  • the reflective Iayer 3 can be further attached to its other side to another construction by means of a glue Iayer 2.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a construction according to the invention, in which, as in Fig. 1 , the thickness of the layers has been exaggerated for the sake of clarity.
  • the insulating Iayer 1 is generally of plastic material with good heat-radiation permeability but poor heat conductivity being char- acterized in the employed Iayer thickness by a heat-radiation perme ⁇ ability of 40 to 90 % taken as average in a wavelength area of 8 to 15 ⁇ m, particularly in the wavelength range between 9 and 10 ⁇ m, which corresponds to foot temperature.
  • a material of this type is characterized by the fact that, particularly compared to an ordinary polyethylene-terephthalate (polyester) of the same thickness, it is in the employed Iayer thickness characterized by at least twice, preferably at least three times, higher heat-radiation permeability in the wavelength range of 9 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the material is advantageously of some expanded polyolefin having a cellular construction brought about by orientation.
  • Most advantageously suitable are such films which have a thickness not exceeding 0.1 mm, and most commonly in an area between 0.025 and 0.06 mm and having a closed-cell cellular construction brought about by cavitation technique.
  • One suitable film material is polypropylene, and applicable for this purpose is e.g.
  • a reflective Iayer 4 is attached directly on the surface of the insulating Iayer 1 , wherein a re ⁇ flective surface 4a crucial to the heat-insulation has a direct contact with the material of the insulating Iayer 1. It is important that the inter ⁇ face is sharp so that the material having the above mentioned proper ⁇ ties of the insulating Iayer 1 changes at the interface Iayer to the material of the reflective Iayer 4 without an intermediate Iayer having distinctly different properties from those of the insulating Iayer.
  • Non- glue attachment of this kind to the insulating Iayer can be obtained e.g.
  • the heat radiation (arrow 6) is reflected almost entirely (arrow 7) from the reflective surface 4a, because there exists no heat-absorbing material between the insulating Iayer 1 and the re ⁇ flective Iayer 4, and only the portion (arrow 8) determined by the prop ⁇ erties of the material of the reflective Iayer 4 is absorbed and is trans ⁇ ferred away by conducting.
  • the emission coefficient of a vacuum- evaporated aluminium film is 0.04 at temperature of 20°C, which corre ⁇ sponds to a reflectivity of 96 %.
  • the thickness of the reflective Iayer 4 is most advantageously not more than 50 nm, which is a relatively thick Iayer in vacuum-evaporation technique, corresponding to a basis weight of 0.15 g/m 2 for aluminium.
  • the insulating Iayer 1 is characterized by the fact that it is a film having a uniform macroscopic construction and covering the reflective Iayer 4, i.e., it is closed having no holes in the middle through which the heat could pass through the film by convection, the air operating as the medium, and through which the reflective Iayer would be subject to damages.
  • the above mentioned layers constitute the minimum conditions for the invention to be functional.
  • the insulating Iayer 1 is in the insole on the side of the inner lining and the reflective Iayer 4a faces consequently the inner linings.
  • the insulating Iayer 1 is positioned in the insole on the side of the wear sole and the reflective surface 4a of the reflective Iayer faces conse- quently the wear sole.
  • Fig. 2 shows at the same time a two- sided construction according to the invention which construction can be used for preventing the heat from transferring from both sides.
  • the construction has a second insulating Iayer 1 and a reflective Iayer 4 attached directly thereon, the layers being situated in a mirror symmetrical manner in relation to the first layered construction in a manner that the reflective layers 4 are situated in the middle of the construction and their reflective surfaces 4a reflecting heat radiation are facing to the opposite directions towards their own insulating layers 1.
  • These layered constructions comprising an insulating Iayer 1 and a reflective Iayer 4 can be attached together by attaching the reflective layers 4 at their free surfaces together, e.g. by means of an intermedi ⁇ ate glue Iayer 2, which has no disadvantageous effect in this position.
  • Fig. 2 further shows how the insulating layers 1 are joined at their outer surfaces to the rest of the sole construction 5, e.g. to an ordinary insole material, and at this point a glue line also can be used for joining.
  • the inner lining can serve as the Iayer 5 above, and beneath there can be the upper ⁇ most blank piece of the insole, having the size of the shoe sole.
  • the two-layer construction includes the advantage that the inner thin reflective layers 4 are well protected and the outermost insulating layers 1 function as attachment surfaces with the other layers. Particularly in the insole, but also elsewhere in the shoe sole, the thin Iayer 4 is not subject to bending to the degree that it would be damaged.
  • the insulating Iayer 1 can be used for separating the reflective Iayer 4a from such layers of the sole construction which have a distinctly poorer heat-radiation permeability than the insulating Iayer 1 or which are practically non-permeable to heat radiation.
  • the above-mentioned two-sided protection can also be obtained by means of a construction having the reflective Iayer 4 attached on both sides of the insulating Iayer 1 in accordance with the invention, wherein on both sides of the insulating Iayer there is a reflective surface 4a di- rectly against it, which reflective surface is capable of receiving the heat radiation coming through the insulating Iayer 1 without intermediate absorbent material.
  • the glue line is also in this situation elsewhere than between the reflecting surface and the insulating Iayer.
  • the heat radiation in this construction is low as such, because the reflective Iayer 4 has a poor emissivity and it does not radiate much when warmed up.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section of a footwear in which the sole construc ⁇ tion is situated.
  • the construction is most advantageously a layered construction situated close to the interior of the footwear, in the exam ⁇ ple of Fig. 3 a fixed insole 11 , to which the vamp or upper 12 is attached by using methods generally known in footwear industry.
  • An outsole to which the ready-made vamp part is connected by means of a soling method is denoted by reference numeral 13, and the filling which is left between the insole 11 and the outsole 3 is denoted by reference numeral 14.
  • the entity constituted of one or several insulating layers 1 and reflective layers 4 is placed to a correct position in relation to the direction of the incoming heat radiation, preferably in the middle of the insole, wherein they are supported and protected by its layers.
  • Fig. 4 shows yet another sole construction, i.e., a separate insole 15 or insert positioned on top of the inner sole (interior bottom) of the foot ⁇ wear.
  • the layered construction composed of the insulating Iayer 1 and the reflective Iayer 2 most advantageously the two-sided construction of Fig. 2, is situated preferably in the middle, wherein on its other side there is a Iayer having the suitable properties and placed against the foot sole, and on the other side there is a Iayer placed against the inner sole.
  • the effect of the glue Iayer on heat reflection was measured by means of a long-wave camera.
  • the test included three samples, the order of the samples from the top to the bottom being:
  • Sample 1 OPP-film — vacuum-evaporated aluminium Iayer — glue Iayer — OPP-film.
  • the OPP-film is a biaxially oriented polypropylene film.
  • the samples were placed side by side on a surface of room temperature (23°C).
  • a vessel of warm water (36°C) was placed to serve as the heat source and on the other side a heat camera was placed by which the temperatures of the heat source and the sam- pie surfaces were measured.
  • the surface of the sample 1 showed a temperature of 27°C and the surfaces of the samples 2 and 3 both showed a temperature of 25°C and the surface below showed a tem ⁇ perature of 23°C.
  • the glue Iayer between the OPP-film and the aluminium surface prevented the heat- reflecting effect of the aluminium and the reflectivity showed the same value as the sample without the aluminium Iayer.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une semelle pour chaussure, qui possède une couche isolante (1) mauvaise conductrice de la chaleur mais ayant une bonne perméabilité aux rayonnements thermiques. Cette couche isolante (1) et une couche réfléchissante (4) fixée sur elle sont placées entre la garniture intérieure, ou un élément analogue, et la semelle d'usure. La surface réfléchissante (4a) de la couche réfléchissante est fixée directement sur la matière constituant la couche isolante (1), par exemple par application d'un film métallique sur la couche isolante (1) par évaporation sous vide.
PCT/FI1996/000394 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Semelle pour chaussure WO1997001972A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96922059A EP1006828B1 (fr) 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Semelle pour chaussure
AU63070/96A AU6307096A (en) 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Footwear sole construction
DK96922059T DK1006828T3 (da) 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Skosålkonstruktion
DE69629503T DE69629503D1 (de) 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Schuhsohlenaufbau
AT96922059T ATE246885T1 (de) 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Schuhsohlenaufbau
NO19976090A NO311824B1 (no) 1995-07-04 1997-12-29 Skosåle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI953293A FI98042C (fi) 1995-07-04 1995-07-04 Jalkineen pohjarakenne
FI953293 1995-07-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997001972A1 true WO1997001972A1 (fr) 1997-01-23

Family

ID=8543730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1996/000394 WO1997001972A1 (fr) 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Semelle pour chaussure

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1006828B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE246885T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6307096A (fr)
DE (1) DE69629503D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1006828T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI98042C (fr)
NO (1) NO311824B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2169514C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997001972A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2778099A1 (fr) * 1998-04-30 1999-11-05 Dominique Mace Dispositif permettant de corriger les troubles dus aux desequilibres du systeme tonique postural
WO2004010810A1 (fr) * 2002-07-29 2004-02-05 Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. Produits d'isolation thermique pour chaussures et autres accessoires vestimentaires
KR20180057654A (ko) * 2015-10-21 2018-05-30 더블유.엘. 고어 앤드 어소시에이트스, 인코포레이티드 절연 신발 물품
WO2020197774A1 (fr) * 2019-03-27 2020-10-01 Nike Innovate C.V. Articles structuralement colorés et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation d'articles structuralement colorés
US10928552B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-02-23 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11129444B1 (en) 2020-08-07 2021-09-28 Nike, Inc. Footwear article having repurposed material with concealing layer
US11241062B1 (en) 2020-08-07 2022-02-08 Nike, Inc. Footwear article having repurposed material with structural-color concealing layer
US11597996B2 (en) 2019-06-26 2023-03-07 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11612208B2 (en) 2019-07-26 2023-03-28 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11987073B2 (en) 2020-05-29 2024-05-21 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles having layers which taper in thickness
US11986042B2 (en) 2019-10-21 2024-05-21 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US12000977B2 (en) 2022-03-03 2024-06-04 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0042138A2 (fr) * 1980-06-17 1981-12-23 Schering-Plough Corporation Semelle intérieure simplifiée isolante contre le froid
SE424951B (sv) * 1976-12-02 1982-08-23 Scholl Uk Ltd Flerskikts inner- eller ileggssula for skor
EP0182245A1 (fr) * 1984-11-14 1986-05-28 PUMA Aktiengesellschaft Rudolf Dassler Sport Chaussure de sport
US4658515A (en) * 1985-02-05 1987-04-21 Oatman Donald S Heat insulating insert for footwear

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE424951B (sv) * 1976-12-02 1982-08-23 Scholl Uk Ltd Flerskikts inner- eller ileggssula for skor
EP0042138A2 (fr) * 1980-06-17 1981-12-23 Schering-Plough Corporation Semelle intérieure simplifiée isolante contre le froid
EP0182245A1 (fr) * 1984-11-14 1986-05-28 PUMA Aktiengesellschaft Rudolf Dassler Sport Chaussure de sport
US4658515A (en) * 1985-02-05 1987-04-21 Oatman Donald S Heat insulating insert for footwear

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2778099A1 (fr) * 1998-04-30 1999-11-05 Dominique Mace Dispositif permettant de corriger les troubles dus aux desequilibres du systeme tonique postural
WO1999056695A1 (fr) * 1998-04-30 1999-11-11 Serge Mesquida Dispositif permettant de corriger les troubles dus aux desequilibres du systeme tonique postural
WO2004010810A1 (fr) * 2002-07-29 2004-02-05 Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. Produits d'isolation thermique pour chaussures et autres accessoires vestimentaires
US7752776B2 (en) 2002-07-29 2010-07-13 Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. Thermally insulating products for footwear and other apparel
KR20180057654A (ko) * 2015-10-21 2018-05-30 더블유.엘. 고어 앤드 어소시에이트스, 인코포레이티드 절연 신발 물품
KR102054603B1 (ko) 2015-10-21 2019-12-10 더블유.엘. 고어 앤드 어소시에이트스, 인코포레이티드 절연 신발 물품
US11391867B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2022-07-19 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11402545B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2022-08-02 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US10928553B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-02-23 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US10955588B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-03-23 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US10955587B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-03-23 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods of making and using structurally-colored articles
US11112537B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-09-07 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11994649B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2024-05-28 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11131791B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-09-28 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11988806B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2024-05-21 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods of making and using structurally-colored articles
US11385382B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2022-07-12 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11614563B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2023-03-28 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11397283B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2022-07-26 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11402544B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2022-08-02 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US10928552B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-02-23 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11402546B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2022-08-02 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11609359B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2023-03-21 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
WO2020197774A1 (fr) * 2019-03-27 2020-10-01 Nike Innovate C.V. Articles structuralement colorés et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation d'articles structuralement colorés
US11597996B2 (en) 2019-06-26 2023-03-07 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11840755B2 (en) 2019-06-26 2023-12-12 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11987873B2 (en) 2019-06-26 2024-05-21 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11612208B2 (en) 2019-07-26 2023-03-28 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11986042B2 (en) 2019-10-21 2024-05-21 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11987073B2 (en) 2020-05-29 2024-05-21 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles having layers which taper in thickness
US11987074B2 (en) 2020-05-29 2024-05-21 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles having layers which taper in thickness
US11412817B2 (en) 2020-08-07 2022-08-16 Nike, Inc. Footwear article having repurposed material with concealing layer
US11241062B1 (en) 2020-08-07 2022-02-08 Nike, Inc. Footwear article having repurposed material with structural-color concealing layer
US11129444B1 (en) 2020-08-07 2021-09-28 Nike, Inc. Footwear article having repurposed material with concealing layer
US12000977B2 (en) 2022-03-03 2024-06-04 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1006828T3 (da) 2003-12-08
RU2169514C2 (ru) 2001-06-27
EP1006828A1 (fr) 2000-06-14
ATE246885T1 (de) 2003-08-15
FI953293A0 (fi) 1995-07-04
NO976090L (no) 1997-12-29
DE69629503D1 (de) 2003-09-18
FI98042C (fi) 1997-04-10
NO976090D0 (no) 1997-12-29
EP1006828B1 (fr) 2003-08-13
AU6307096A (en) 1997-02-05
NO311824B1 (no) 2002-02-04
FI98042B (fi) 1996-12-31

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