WO1996041351A1 - Ligne de transmission a faible biais temporel pourvue d'un isolant thermoplastique - Google Patents

Ligne de transmission a faible biais temporel pourvue d'un isolant thermoplastique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996041351A1
WO1996041351A1 PCT/US1996/009123 US9609123W WO9641351A1 WO 1996041351 A1 WO1996041351 A1 WO 1996041351A1 US 9609123 W US9609123 W US 9609123W WO 9641351 A1 WO9641351 A1 WO 9641351A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulator
transmission line
wires
density
cross
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/009123
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Albert Kelley, Jr.
Original Assignee
Tensolite Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tensolite Company filed Critical Tensolite Company
Publication of WO1996041351A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996041351A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/002—Pair constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to transmission lines for the propagation of electrical signals. More specifically, this invention relates to a low skew transmission line used for the propagation of high-speed electrical signals in computer applications.
  • Transmission lines have been used for communicating electrical signals between hardware devices for many years. Transmission lines of varying capabilities and characteristics are available depending on the needs of a particular application. Modern day computer systems, for example, require transmission lines that are capable of carrying electrical signals at relatively high speeds. In some applications, it is necessary to have two lines or conducting wires within a transmission line. In such applications it is necessary to have a minimum amount of skew of signal propagation time between the two wires of the transmission line.
  • V the distance between the centers of the two wires divided by the diameter of the wires (assuming the two wires have an equal diameter);
  • e the effective dielectric constant of the wires and the insulation system.
  • d the diameter of the conducting wires.
  • this invention provides an improved two-wire transmission line for use in transmitting high speed electrical signals in computer systems, for example.
  • This invention uses a process whereby two wires are simultaneously placed within a thermoplastic insulator such that each wire has an equal effective dielectric constant over their respective lengths.
  • this invention is a low skew transmission line that is made up of a pair of wires for conducting electrical signals.
  • the wires have equal lengths with corresponding points along those lengths.
  • a thermoplastic insulator is disposed about and contacts the wires.
  • the insulator has an axial length and a uniform density in a radially directed cross-sectional plane taken at any point along the length of the insulator. This uniform density provides the wires with an equal effective dielectric constant for each of the corresponding points along the lengths of the wires.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a low skew transmission line designed in accordance with this invention.
  • Figures 2-4 are cross-sectional views of other respective embodiments of low skew transmission lines designed in accordance with this invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a low skew transmission line designed in accordance with this invention that includes an outer shield and jacket.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views of low skew transmission lines designed in accordance with this invention, which correspond to the cores illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, in cross-sectional view, a low skew transmission line 10.
  • Low skew transmission line 10 includes a pair of conducting wires 12.
  • Wires 12 are preferably made of copper.
  • Wires 12 are disposed within insulator 14.
  • Insulator 14 is preferably made from foamed fluorocarbons or foamed polyolefins.
  • the preferred fluorocarbons used include fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).
  • the preferred polyolefins include polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the materials for insulator 14 and the wires 12 are commercially available.
  • Low skew transmission line 10 provides an essentially equal effective dielectric constant along the entire length of each conducting wire 12. This is provided, largely in part, because insulator 14 has a uniform density, when viewed in a radial cross-sectional plane along the length of transmission line 10. The uniform density ensures that the effective dielectric constant for each conducting wire 12
  • the density of insulator 14 is also uniform longitudinally along the entire length of transmission line 10. It is to be understood, however, that variations in density can occur along the length of transmission line 10 provided that the effective dielectric constant for each wire remains the same. That is, the density of insulator 14 near the beginning of transmission line 10 could, theoretically, be different than that near the end of transmission line 10 without introducing undesirable skew provided that each wire has an overall effective dielectric constant that is the same.
  • One way to achieve equal overall effective dielectric constants is to ensure that each wire has uniform insulation for each corresponding point along the length of each conducting wire 12.
  • Transmission line 10 is preferably made from a process that provides for uniform density in insulator 14 and a uniform spacing between conducting wires 12. This is preferably accomplished by assembling the wires and insulator 14 in a single process.
  • the process includes conventional techniques for foaming the thermoplastic insulator material.
  • the process also includes feeding insulator wires 12 in a controlled manner such that equal spacing between the wires is ensured along the entire length of transmission line 10.
  • Low skew transmission lines designed and made in accordance with this invention, will be characterized by a continuous insulation 14 that has a uniform density from the center to the outer surface when viewed in a radially directed cross-sectional plane.
  • the surface of insulation 14 is preferably smooth and the appearance in a cross-sectional view preferably is homogenous.
  • Figures 2-4 illustrate, in cross-sectional view, three embodiments of low skew transmission line 10.
  • the embodiment of Figure 2 is the currently most preferred embodiment because it provides a uniform electromagnetic field about each wire 12.
  • the embodiments of Figures 3 and 4 are also highly preferred for practical reasons.
  • an outer shield is placed about insulator 14, the shield is evenly displaced from conductors 12.
  • Such an outer shield when employed, is typically and preferably grounded.
  • the embodiment of Figure 2 has a generally oval or elliptical cross-sectional configuration.
  • the embodiment of Figure 3 has an elongated, generally elliptical cross-sectional configuration.
  • the embodiment of Figure 4 has a cross-sectional configuration that appears as two intersecting circles.
  • drain wires are preferably placed on the outside of insulator 14.
  • the embodiments of Figures 3 and 4 are also highly preferred because of practicalities in assembling a complete transmission line as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
  • FIG 5 shows, in cross-sectional view, a low skew transmission line 10 (as illustrated in Figure 1) that further includes a shield 70 and a jacket 72 disposed about insulator 14 in a conventional manner.
  • Shield 70 is preferably made of an electrically conductive material and is connected to ground.
  • Jacket 70 is a conventional jacket that would be employed in making electrical signal transmission lines for computer systems, for example.
  • the embodiment of Figure 2 would be similarly finished with a shield and jacket.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show, in cross-sectional view, alternatively preferred embodiments of low skew transmission lines that include a drain wire 74, a shield 76 and a finish jacket 78.
  • Drain wire 74 is a conventional wire utilized to ground a transmission line.
  • Shield 76 preferably is made from a polyester foil or tape also known as an aluminized polyester foil. Shield 76 has the aluminized side facing inward, toward dielectric 14.
  • Finish jacket 78 is a conventional outer jacket.

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  • Communication Cables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une ligne de transmission (10) haute vitesse, à faible biais temporel, destinée à la propagation de signaux électriques haute vitesse dans des systèmes informatiques, par exemple, pourvue d'un isolant (14) thermoplastique à faible densité qui permet l'obtention d'une constante diélectrique effective uniforme sur toute la longueur des deux fils conducteurs (12). L'isolant (14) est, de préférence, constitué de fluorocarbures expansés ou de polyoléfines expansées. Les fils conducteurs (12) sont, de préférence, séparés par une distance régulière et l'isolant (14) présente, de préférence, une section et une densité uniformes sur toute la longueur de la ligne de transmission (10).
PCT/US1996/009123 1995-06-07 1996-06-05 Ligne de transmission a faible biais temporel pourvue d'un isolant thermoplastique WO1996041351A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48788195A 1995-06-07 1995-06-07
US08/487,881 1995-06-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996041351A1 true WO1996041351A1 (fr) 1996-12-19

Family

ID=23937499

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/009123 WO1996041351A1 (fr) 1995-06-07 1996-06-05 Ligne de transmission a faible biais temporel pourvue d'un isolant thermoplastique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1996041351A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19948678A1 (de) * 1999-10-04 2001-05-03 Leoni Kabel Gmbh & Co Kg Datenübertragungskabel und Herstellungsverfahren
US7531803B2 (en) * 2006-07-14 2009-05-12 William Marsh Rice University Method and system for transmitting terahertz pulses
US9178282B2 (en) 2004-07-14 2015-11-03 William Marsh Rice University Method for coupling terahertz pulses into a coaxial waveguide
US10283240B1 (en) 2018-03-19 2019-05-07 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10283238B1 (en) 2018-03-19 2019-05-07 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10304592B1 (en) 2018-03-19 2019-05-28 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10600536B1 (en) 2018-10-12 2020-03-24 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10600537B1 (en) 2018-10-12 2020-03-24 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10741308B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2020-08-11 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10950367B1 (en) 2019-09-05 2021-03-16 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US11069458B2 (en) 2018-04-13 2021-07-20 TE Connectivity Services Gmbh Electrical cable

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2782251A (en) * 1952-11-29 1957-02-19 Belden Mfg Co Cables for high frequency use
US3435401A (en) * 1966-10-05 1969-03-25 Texas Instruments Inc Insulated electrical conductors
US3735022A (en) * 1971-09-22 1973-05-22 A Estep Interference controlled communications cable
US3968463A (en) * 1973-08-08 1976-07-06 Union Carbide Corporation Coaxial cable with improved properties
US4352701A (en) * 1973-08-21 1982-10-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Process for the production of highly expanded polyolefin insulated wires and cables
US4560829A (en) * 1983-07-12 1985-12-24 Reed Donald A Foamed fluoropolymer articles having low loss at microwave frequencies and a process for their manufacture
US4638114A (en) * 1984-06-19 1987-01-20 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Shielded electric wires
US4894488A (en) * 1988-03-21 1990-01-16 Comm/Scope, Inc. High frequency signal cable with improved electrical dissipation factor and method of producing same
US5119046A (en) * 1990-12-04 1992-06-02 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Asymmetrically shaped jacketed coaxial electrical transmission line
US5483020A (en) * 1994-04-12 1996-01-09 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Twin-ax cable

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2782251A (en) * 1952-11-29 1957-02-19 Belden Mfg Co Cables for high frequency use
US3435401A (en) * 1966-10-05 1969-03-25 Texas Instruments Inc Insulated electrical conductors
US3735022A (en) * 1971-09-22 1973-05-22 A Estep Interference controlled communications cable
US3968463A (en) * 1973-08-08 1976-07-06 Union Carbide Corporation Coaxial cable with improved properties
US4352701A (en) * 1973-08-21 1982-10-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Process for the production of highly expanded polyolefin insulated wires and cables
US4560829A (en) * 1983-07-12 1985-12-24 Reed Donald A Foamed fluoropolymer articles having low loss at microwave frequencies and a process for their manufacture
US4638114A (en) * 1984-06-19 1987-01-20 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Shielded electric wires
US4894488A (en) * 1988-03-21 1990-01-16 Comm/Scope, Inc. High frequency signal cable with improved electrical dissipation factor and method of producing same
US5119046A (en) * 1990-12-04 1992-06-02 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Asymmetrically shaped jacketed coaxial electrical transmission line
US5483020A (en) * 1994-04-12 1996-01-09 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Twin-ax cable

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19948678A1 (de) * 1999-10-04 2001-05-03 Leoni Kabel Gmbh & Co Kg Datenübertragungskabel und Herstellungsverfahren
US9178282B2 (en) 2004-07-14 2015-11-03 William Marsh Rice University Method for coupling terahertz pulses into a coaxial waveguide
US7531803B2 (en) * 2006-07-14 2009-05-12 William Marsh Rice University Method and system for transmitting terahertz pulses
US10283240B1 (en) 2018-03-19 2019-05-07 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10283238B1 (en) 2018-03-19 2019-05-07 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10304592B1 (en) 2018-03-19 2019-05-28 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US11069458B2 (en) 2018-04-13 2021-07-20 TE Connectivity Services Gmbh Electrical cable
US10741308B2 (en) 2018-05-10 2020-08-11 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10600536B1 (en) 2018-10-12 2020-03-24 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10600537B1 (en) 2018-10-12 2020-03-24 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable
US10950367B1 (en) 2019-09-05 2021-03-16 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable

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