WO1996033314A1 - A method for erecting a reinforced slope of earth - Google Patents

A method for erecting a reinforced slope of earth Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996033314A1
WO1996033314A1 PCT/NO1996/000087 NO9600087W WO9633314A1 WO 1996033314 A1 WO1996033314 A1 WO 1996033314A1 NO 9600087 W NO9600087 W NO 9600087W WO 9633314 A1 WO9633314 A1 WO 9633314A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
earth
row
slope
guide rods
reinforcing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1996/000087
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jens Oddvar Aanderaa
Original Assignee
Fjerby A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fjerby A/S filed Critical Fjerby A/S
Priority to AU54102/96A priority Critical patent/AU5410296A/en
Publication of WO1996033314A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996033314A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for erecting a reinforced slope of earth, wherein the slope of earth is built up layer on layer by means of a plurality of horizontal rows of reinforcing mats forming the inclined front of the slope of earth and being anchored by means of substantially horizontally extending tension struts which become situated within the slope of earth, and wherein each row of reinforcing mats preferably is assigned a growth mat, and wherein, possibly, along each of the rows of substantially horizontally extending tension struts, possibly except the lowermost and uppermost rows of substantially horizontally extending tension struts, is placed a substantially horizontally extending earth reinforcing mat which becomes situated within the slope of earth, and wherein, between the individual layers of the slope of earth having a height substantially corresponding to the vertical extent of the front reinforcing mats, earth mass is filled against and stamped at the inner side of the respective reinforcing mat row.
  • Reinforced slopes of earth are previously known and form an alternative to supporting walls of concrete or stone.
  • EP 574,233 deals with horizontal tension struts which, at one end thereof, are attached to the fore edge of reinforcing mats, and the other end thereof extends into the earth mass as an anchor, and comprising both reinforcing mats and growth mats.
  • GB 2,212,532 deals with an earth anchorage in the form of horizontal struts in connection with reinforcing mats.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for building up a reinforced slope of earth of the kind defined in the introduction, in which the same slope in the vertical direction can be established and maintained for the front side (outer face) of the slope of earth, and wherein, especially, conditions have been arranged and adjusted so as to secure appropriate erecting of the slope of earth, layer on layer, suitably reinforcing the same simultaneously, and wherein simple and cheap means are required for carrying out the method, said means consisting of parts being light in weight and easy to put together and which are suitable for use in combination with earth mass.
  • the method should enable a simple mechanical filling in operation displacing earth mass against the mats as well as effecting a compression of said earth mass as layer after layer of the slope of earth is brought into place.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-section, 90° in relation to the front of the slope of earth, showing a first phase of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth;
  • Figure 2 shows a corresponding cross-section of a second phase of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth
  • Figure 3 shows a corresponding cross-section of a later phase of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth
  • Figure 4 shows, on a smaller scale, a corrsponding cross- section of the last phase of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth
  • Figure 5 shows the same as figure 1, but seen in the direction of the arrow in figure 1.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a guide rod, preferably consisting of a square pipe in steel or aluminium.
  • First phase of the erection of a reinforced slope of earth in accordance with the invention consists in erecting a row of guide rods 1 having a length of e.g. about 2.50 meter, e.g. with a mutual distance of one meter, sloping in an inclined plane corresponding to the front of the finished slope of earth.
  • the guide rods are fixed in this inclined position e.g. by means of temporary inclined guy ropes 2 in front of the guide rods l, i.e. at the opposite side of the earth side, and in that the guide rods, additionally, are forced a short distance into the earth or fixed in some other way, e.g. by driving a plug down into the ground at the fore side of each guide rod 1.
  • first row 3 of reinforcing mats are positioned lowermost on the guide rods 1, the guide rods 1 being attached temporarily and slidably to the uppermost longitudinal edge of first row 3 of reinforcing mats.
  • the one end of a number of horizontal tension struts 4 are fastened in a mutual distance to the lowermost longitudinal edge of first row 3 of reinforcing mats, the other end of the tension struts 4 being plugged into the ground at the inner side of the guide rods 1 by means of a plug 5, or the tension struts 4 are fixed to the ground in another way.
  • the tension struts 4 may have a length of e.g. 2 meters.
  • the last step of the first phase consists in that a first open growth cloth or growth mat 6 is fastened at the inner side of first row 3 of reinforcing mats in order to prevent that subsequently filled in earth at the inner side of the guide rods and the reinforcing mats 3 shall penetrate through the openings of the reinforcing mats 3.
  • a distance along the lower edge of first growth mat 6 is bent inwardly along the ground 7.
  • earth 8 is firstly filled in against the first row of reinforcing mats 3 and thereafter stamped there; a portion along the upper edge of first growth mat 6 is bent inwardly on top of a first earth layer 8; a second row 3a of reinforcing mats are fastened temporarily to the guide rods 1 in the same manner as first row 3 of reinforcing mats; moreover, the uppermost part of first row 3 of reinforcing mats overlaps the lowermost row 3a of reinforcing mats; horizontal tension struts 4a are, at one end thereof, attached to the upper overlapping edge of first row 3 of reinforcing mats, the other end of the tension struts 4a being plugged firmly into first earth layer 8 by means of plugs 5a, or being fixed to the earth layer in some other way; a horizontal earth reinforcing mat 9, preferably of plastic, is placed on top of the earth layer 8; another open growth mat 6a is fast
  • Third and fourth phases are carried out exactly in the same way as second phase.
  • First step in fifth phase, shown completed in figure 3, of erecting the reinforced slope of earth consists in removing the guy ropes 2 and in pulling the guide rods 1 upwardly from the starting position to the position shown in figure 3.
  • fifth phase is carried out exactly in the same manner as second, third and fourth phases.
  • the thickness of the earth layers associated with the various phases of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth is the same and may suitably be about 50 cm.

Abstract

In a method for building up a reinforced slope of earth, a reinforcing arrangement consists of joined, longitudinal reinforcing mats (3, 3a) at the outside of the slope of earth, longitudinal edges of the reinforcing mats being attached to one end of a row of horizontal tension struts (4, 4a) extending perpendicular to the reinforcing mats (3, 3a), the other end thereof being fastened e.g. by means of plugs (5, 5a) within the earth (7, 8). Along each of the rows of tension struts (4, 4a), a longitudinal, horizontally positioned earth reinforcing mat (9) has been placed. At the inner side of the reinforcing mats (3, 3a), growth mats (6, 6a) have been fixed. A row of preferably about 2.5 meter long guide rods (1) with a spacing of preferably about 1 meter is, during the erection of the slope of earth, positioned forming an inclined plane corresponding to the finished slope of earth. The guide rods (1) are pulled successively upwardly during the erection of the slope of earth and are, finally, removed.

Description

A METHOD FOR ERECTING A REINFORCED SLOPE OF EARTH
This invention relates to a method for erecting a reinforced slope of earth, wherein the slope of earth is built up layer on layer by means of a plurality of horizontal rows of reinforcing mats forming the inclined front of the slope of earth and being anchored by means of substantially horizontally extending tension struts which become situated within the slope of earth, and wherein each row of reinforcing mats preferably is assigned a growth mat, and wherein, possibly, along each of the rows of substantially horizontally extending tension struts, possibly except the lowermost and uppermost rows of substantially horizontally extending tension struts, is placed a substantially horizontally extending earth reinforcing mat which becomes situated within the slope of earth, and wherein, between the individual layers of the slope of earth having a height substantially corresponding to the vertical extent of the front reinforcing mats, earth mass is filled against and stamped at the inner side of the respective reinforcing mat row.
Reinforced slopes of earth are previously known and form an alternative to supporting walls of concrete or stone.
From French patent No. 2,303,121 it is known a vertical and stepwise shaped grid wall having curve-shaped supporting grids disposed one above the other. Likewise, from Swiss patent No. 666,510, a grid wall is known, the grid being bent horizontally inwardly into the ground, thus forming an L. The angle between the grid in front and the part of the grid being bent horizontally inwardly into the ground, is fixed through inclined hoops.
The disadvantage of both the above-mentioned grid structures are that they are voluminous and easily get damaged during transport. Also, practice has shown that structures having hoops extending inclinedly inwards into the ground, make it difficult to fill earth mass against the mats and compress the same.
Besides, the state of the prior art is represented through NO generally available patent application No. 910234, GB patent application No. 2,212,532, as well as European patent applications Nos. 197,000 and 574,233.
Thus, EP 574,233 deals with horizontal tension struts which, at one end thereof, are attached to the fore edge of reinforcing mats, and the other end thereof extends into the earth mass as an anchor, and comprising both reinforcing mats and growth mats.
GB 2,212,532 deals with an earth anchorage in the form of horizontal struts in connection with reinforcing mats.
NO 910234 and EP 197,000 deal with a combination of reinforcing mats and growth mats.
The object of the invention is to provide a method for building up a reinforced slope of earth of the kind defined in the introduction, in which the same slope in the vertical direction can be established and maintained for the front side (outer face) of the slope of earth, and wherein, especially, conditions have been arranged and adjusted so as to secure appropriate erecting of the slope of earth, layer on layer, suitably reinforcing the same simultaneously, and wherein simple and cheap means are required for carrying out the method, said means consisting of parts being light in weight and easy to put together and which are suitable for use in combination with earth mass.
Besides, the method should enable a simple mechanical filling in operation displacing earth mass against the mats as well as effecting a compression of said earth mass as layer after layer of the slope of earth is brought into place.
The objects are achieved through features as defined in the following claims.
An examplary embodiment of a reinforcing arrangement for carrying out a method for building up a reinforced slope of earth in accordance with the invention is described below, reference being made to the attached drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 shows a cross-section, 90° in relation to the front of the slope of earth, showing a first phase of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth;
Figure 2 shows a corresponding cross-section of a second phase of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth;
Figure 3 shows a corresponding cross-section of a later phase of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth;
Figure 4 shows, on a smaller scale, a corrsponding cross- section of the last phase of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth;
Figure 5 shows the same as figure 1, but seen in the direction of the arrow in figure 1.
In the drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a guide rod, preferably consisting of a square pipe in steel or aluminium. First phase of the erection of a reinforced slope of earth in accordance with the invention consists in erecting a row of guide rods 1 having a length of e.g. about 2.50 meter, e.g. with a mutual distance of one meter, sloping in an inclined plane corresponding to the front of the finished slope of earth. The guide rods are fixed in this inclined position e.g. by means of temporary inclined guy ropes 2 in front of the guide rods l, i.e. at the opposite side of the earth side, and in that the guide rods, additionally, are forced a short distance into the earth or fixed in some other way, e.g. by driving a plug down into the ground at the fore side of each guide rod 1.
When the guide rods 1 are positioned, first row 3 of reinforcing mats are positioned lowermost on the guide rods 1, the guide rods 1 being attached temporarily and slidably to the uppermost longitudinal edge of first row 3 of reinforcing mats. Thereafter, the one end of a number of horizontal tension struts 4 are fastened in a mutual distance to the lowermost longitudinal edge of first row 3 of reinforcing mats, the other end of the tension struts 4 being plugged into the ground at the inner side of the guide rods 1 by means of a plug 5, or the tension struts 4 are fixed to the ground in another way. The tension struts 4 may have a length of e.g. 2 meters.
The last step of the first phase consists in that a first open growth cloth or growth mat 6 is fastened at the inner side of first row 3 of reinforcing mats in order to prevent that subsequently filled in earth at the inner side of the guide rods and the reinforcing mats 3 shall penetrate through the openings of the reinforcing mats 3. A distance along the lower edge of first growth mat 6 is bent inwardly along the ground 7.
On figure 2, wherein completed second phase of erection of the reinforced slope of earth is shown, earth 8 is firstly filled in against the first row of reinforcing mats 3 and thereafter stamped there; a portion along the upper edge of first growth mat 6 is bent inwardly on top of a first earth layer 8; a second row 3a of reinforcing mats are fastened temporarily to the guide rods 1 in the same manner as first row 3 of reinforcing mats; moreover, the uppermost part of first row 3 of reinforcing mats overlaps the lowermost row 3a of reinforcing mats; horizontal tension struts 4a are, at one end thereof, attached to the upper overlapping edge of first row 3 of reinforcing mats, the other end of the tension struts 4a being plugged firmly into first earth layer 8 by means of plugs 5a, or being fixed to the earth layer in some other way; a horizontal earth reinforcing mat 9, preferably of plastic, is placed on top of the earth layer 8; another open growth mat 6a is fastened to the inner side of second row 3a of reinforcing mats; a portion of second growth mat 6a being lowermost bent inwardly on top of first earth layer 8.
Third and fourth phases are carried out exactly in the same way as second phase.
First step in fifth phase, shown completed in figure 3, of erecting the reinforced slope of earth consists in removing the guy ropes 2 and in pulling the guide rods 1 upwardly from the starting position to the position shown in figure 3. Besides, fifth phase is carried out exactly in the same manner as second, third and fourth phases.
Ninth and in this case the last phase, shown completed in figure 4, is carried out exactly in the same manner as the fifth phase, except that no guy ropes 2 have to be removed, and except that no horizontal earth reinforcing mat is placed on top of the completed slope of earth, but with the addition of a last step consisting in removal of the guide rods 1. It will, without any fuss, be appreciated that reinforced slopes of earth having different height might be erected according to the invention using more or less phases than shown and explained in connection with the examplary embodiment.
For tall slopes, the guide rods 1 are pulled stepwise upwardly as shown in figures 3 and 4.
The thickness of the earth layers associated with the various phases of the erection of the reinforced slope of earth is the same and may suitably be about 50 cm.

Claims

C l a i m s
1. A method for erecting a reinforced slope of earth, wherein the slope of earth is built up layer on layer by means of a plurality of horizontal rows of reinforcing mats (3, 3a) forming the inclined front of the slope of earth and being anchored by means of substantially horizontally extending tension struts (4, 4a) which become positioned within the slope of earth, and wherein each row of reinforcing mats (3, 3a) preferably is assigned a growth mat (6, 6a), and wherein, possibly, along each of the rows of substantially horizontally extending tension struts (4, 4a), possibly except lowermost and uppermost rows of substantially horizontally extending tension struts, a substantially horizontally extending earth reinforcing mat (9) is placed, said earth reinforcing mat (9) becoming situated within the slope of earth, and whererin, between the individual earth slope layers which in height substantially correspond to the height extent of the front reinforcing mats (3, 3a), filling in and stamping of earth layers (8) are effected at the inner side of the respective reinforcing mat row (3, 3a), c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y the steps of
a) that a row of guide rods (1), preferably about 2.5 meters long, are erected, e.g. with a spacing of preferably 1 meter in the longitudinal direction of the slope of earth to be erected, so that the guide rods (1) together form an inclined plane corresponding to the front of the slope of earth to be erected, the guide rods (1) being fixed in this inclined position, e.g. by means of temporary guy ropes (2) in front of the guide rods (1) which, additionally, possibly are secured by being driven a small distance into the ground, so that the guide rods (1) upon need easily may be pulled up when the inclined guy ropes (2) or other fixing means have been removed;
b) that the first row of reinforcing mats (3) are placed lowermost on the guide rods (1) , and that the guide rods (l) are attached temporarily and slidably in the longitudinal direction thereof to first reinforcing mat row (3) ;
c) that the second reinforcing mat row (3a) is placed on the guide rods (1) above first row (3) of reinfrocing mats, and that each of the guide rods (1) is attached temporatily to second row (3a) - or a row situated thereabove - of reinforcing mats in the same way as the attachment to first row (3) of reinforcing mats;
d) that the guide rods (1) are pulled successively upwardly while they at any time take the inclined lower starting position thereof, so that the guide rods (1) at any level support from about 1.5 to about 2.0 meter of the slope of earth;
e) that one, thereafter, continues with third row of reinforcing mats and so forth, besides in accordance with steps c) and d) , until the reinforced slope of earth has reached the desired tallness, whereafter the guide rods (1) are removed as they are not to be included in the reinforcement, the guide rods (1) merely having a guiding (in relation to the front angle of the slope of earth) and supporting function.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that a portion along an upper edge of each growth mat (6, 6a) attached to the inner side of the associated, externally positioned front reinforcing mat (3, 3a), is bent inwardly on top of the recently placed earth layer (8) , so that said growth mat portion becomes anchored between said earth layer (8) and an earth layer thereabove.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that second, third, etc. row of reinforcing mats (3a) is positioned on the inclined guide rods (1) above the underlying reinforcing mat row (3) in such a manner that an uppermost portion of an underlying row (3) of reinforcing mats overlaps a lowermost portion of the overlying row (3a) of reinforcing mats.
4. A method as set forth in claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the front end of the substantially horizontally extending tension struts (4a) is attached to the upper overlapping edge portion of an underlying row (3) of reinforcing mats.
PCT/NO1996/000087 1995-04-19 1996-04-16 A method for erecting a reinforced slope of earth WO1996033314A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU54102/96A AU5410296A (en) 1995-04-19 1996-04-16 A method for erecting a reinforced slope of earth

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO951465 1995-04-19
NO951465A NO951465L (en) 1995-04-19 1995-04-19 Reinforcing device for sloping ground and method of building the reinforced sloping ground

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WO1996033314A1 true WO1996033314A1 (en) 1996-10-24

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997043489A1 (en) * 1996-05-10 1997-11-20 Byggros A/S Method for forming a steep embankment, system for use in the formation of the steep embankment and such steep embankment
WO1999023313A1 (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-05-14 Sytec Bausysteme Ag Slip form for constructing support walls
GB2334739A (en) * 1998-02-25 1999-09-01 Netlon Ltd A geoengineering construction
EP1054110A1 (en) * 1999-05-18 2000-11-22 Huesker Synthetic GmbH & Co. Method for forming a vegetation support layer on an sloping earth structure
KR100414779B1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2004-01-16 윤성호 Reinforcing structure for a slope of ground cutted area
WO2004027161A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-04-01 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Improved element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures
EP0981673B2 (en) † 1997-05-12 2006-02-22 Rüegger Systeme AG Ingenieurlösungen in der Geotechnik Device for stabilising an unstable shoulder in railway and road construction and method for producing the same
WO2010103128A1 (en) 2009-03-13 2010-09-16 Inoxys S.A Gabion elements for producing constructions such as walls, barricades, or the like
JP2014152491A (en) * 2013-02-07 2014-08-25 Kyowa Concrete Industry Co Ltd Retaining wall structure

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH666510A5 (en) * 1985-03-05 1988-07-29 Landolt Fritz Ag ARRANGEMENT FOR CREATING A GROUNDABLE STEEP SLOPE.
CH680078A5 (en) * 1991-03-20 1992-06-15 Bossard & Staerkle Ag
EP0574233A1 (en) * 1992-06-10 1993-12-15 GEA SYSTEM S.r.l. Method for forming vegetated slopes in strengthened ground and a product obtained by such method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH666510A5 (en) * 1985-03-05 1988-07-29 Landolt Fritz Ag ARRANGEMENT FOR CREATING A GROUNDABLE STEEP SLOPE.
CH680078A5 (en) * 1991-03-20 1992-06-15 Bossard & Staerkle Ag
EP0574233A1 (en) * 1992-06-10 1993-12-15 GEA SYSTEM S.r.l. Method for forming vegetated slopes in strengthened ground and a product obtained by such method

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997043489A1 (en) * 1996-05-10 1997-11-20 Byggros A/S Method for forming a steep embankment, system for use in the formation of the steep embankment and such steep embankment
EP0981673B2 (en) † 1997-05-12 2006-02-22 Rüegger Systeme AG Ingenieurlösungen in der Geotechnik Device for stabilising an unstable shoulder in railway and road construction and method for producing the same
WO1999023313A1 (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-05-14 Sytec Bausysteme Ag Slip form for constructing support walls
GB2334739A (en) * 1998-02-25 1999-09-01 Netlon Ltd A geoengineering construction
EP1054110A1 (en) * 1999-05-18 2000-11-22 Huesker Synthetic GmbH & Co. Method for forming a vegetation support layer on an sloping earth structure
DE19922670A1 (en) * 1999-05-18 2000-11-23 Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co Process for the production of a greenable outer skin of an earth embankment
KR100414779B1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2004-01-16 윤성호 Reinforcing structure for a slope of ground cutted area
WO2004027161A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-04-01 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Improved element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures
US7147405B2 (en) 2002-09-19 2006-12-12 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures
AU2003260900B2 (en) * 2002-09-19 2008-09-18 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A Improved element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures
AU2003260900B9 (en) * 2002-09-19 2008-10-09 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A Improved element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures
CN100445477C (en) * 2002-09-19 2008-12-24 奥菲奇内·马卡费里股份公司 Improved element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures
HRP20050350B1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2012-04-30 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Improved element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures
WO2010103128A1 (en) 2009-03-13 2010-09-16 Inoxys S.A Gabion elements for producing constructions such as walls, barricades, or the like
JP2014152491A (en) * 2013-02-07 2014-08-25 Kyowa Concrete Industry Co Ltd Retaining wall structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO951465L (en) 1996-10-21
AU5410296A (en) 1996-11-07
NO951465D0 (en) 1995-04-19

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