EP0897435B1 - Method for forming a steep embankment - Google Patents
Method for forming a steep embankment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0897435B1 EP0897435B1 EP97921634A EP97921634A EP0897435B1 EP 0897435 B1 EP0897435 B1 EP 0897435B1 EP 97921634 A EP97921634 A EP 97921634A EP 97921634 A EP97921634 A EP 97921634A EP 0897435 B1 EP0897435 B1 EP 0897435B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- embankment
- front grid
- anchor
- grid
- anchor element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
Definitions
- This invention concerns a method for constructing a steep embankment or slope.
- various techniques are known for building steep slopes.
- the known techniques stem from the wish to achieve stable slopes since, in many cases, for construction purposes or traffic related reasons it is necessary to execute a given embankment so steep that the embankment cannot be constructed solely with earth or gravel materials and would not in itself be stable enough to resist erosion for a longer period of time. Particularly it cannot resist erosion due to precipitation, including rain showers, the effects of melting water etc.
- Such an embankment must furthermore in certain cases fulfil specific requirements or wishes with regard to appearance, including vegetation, stone kerbing, wooden or facade coating.
- An object of the present invention is to achieve a technique which eliminates the aforesaid drawback in the prior art, and particularly enables a more flexible adaptation and construction of an embankment on site and at the same time enables the construction of an embankment using a universal set of elements which may be produced with universal dimensions and combined on site according to a given required embodiment, i.e. corresponding to the embankment to be constructed.
- the basis of this invention is the recognition that by using a planar grid constituting a planar front grid in the completed embankment, an anchor element which consist of an anchorage grid, an anchor peg or an anchor block as well as one or more anchorage braces or struts, a reinforcement may be constructed in an embankment, it being possible to construct said reinforcement on site and adapt it to the given specifications and requirements, including ad hoc adjustment.
- a reinforcement may be constructed in an embankment, it being possible to construct said reinforcement on site and adapt it to the given specifications and requirements, including ad hoc adjustment.
- Erecting of the front grid according to the method of the invention may take place in any suitable way, including fixing of the front grid by means of anchoring pegs driven down at the bottom edge of the front grid once it has been raised to the desired inclination in relation to horizontal and possibly temporarily supported and fixed by means of temporary anchor struts or the like.
- a stable securing of the front grid is carried out by digging a trench prior to or during the erection of the planar front grid and erecting and securing the planar front grid in said trench using sand, gravel, concrete or a mixture thereof.
- the method according to this invention preferably further comprises a step wherein one or more layers of geo-net and one or more layers of geo-textiles which may be mutually interconnected or placed overlapping one another under or above the anchor element as well as preferably behind the front grid.
- the front grid may constitute a component left in place after construction of the ) embankment and, depending on the specific use, it may be made from corrosion-resistant material or alternatively from non corrosion-resistant material. If the front grid is to remain intact as a reinforcement element in the embankment even after a long span of years, the front grid must naturally be made from corrosion-resistant material. In case of subsequent planting and thereby so to say natural reinforcement of the embankment built according to the method of the invention the front grid may be made from non corrosion-resistant material, the front grid corroding away after a period of time.
- the method may, according to an alternative embodiment, further comprise the final step of removing the front grid after construction of the finished embankment, including any planting on the completed embankment.
- the method of building steep embankments in earth comprises the digging of a trench 1 having a depth and a width of approximately 30 cm for receiving and securing a front grid 2 at an angle corresponding to that of the completed embankment.
- the front grid 2 is a per se conventional reinforcement grid made of iron, steel, aluminium or other suitable material or a combination thereof.
- the front grid may be corrosion resistant in order to impede the decay of the front grid over time or, as an alternative, it may constitute a non corrosion resistant breakable front grid which deliberately decays within a shorter or longer period of time after the embankment has been established.
- the front grid has a mesh size varying according to the given use between 5 and 50 cm, typically 10-20 cm, like 15 cm.
- a temporary bracing 3 Sand, gravel, concrete or a mixture thereof is poured into the trench 1 for securing the front grid 2, and the inclination thereof is stabilized by anchoring on the side where the earth reinforcement is to made by means of two anchor braces or struts 4a and 4b.
- the anchor braces or struts 4a and 4b are fixed in the ground by means of a fixing peg or bracket 6 and at the other and they are fixed at the front grid 2 on the same sloping grid line so that the anchor brace or strut 4b is lying on the ground, that the brace or strut 4a forms an angle ⁇ less than 90° with the inclined plane of the front grid 2 and that the point of fixture at the front grid is situated at a height less that 0,5 m.
- the anchor brace or strut 4b may be secured closer to the front grid but preferably on the same ground projection line of the anchor brace or strut 4a and at an angle ⁇ with the front-grid normally smaller than the angle ⁇ .
- the anchor braces or struts are also secured by means of the fixing peg to an anchor element 5 in such a manner that the combined translatory and rotary movement of the anchor braces or struts 4a and 4b is prevented by the resistance of the anchor element 5.
- the anchor element 5 (which may be an anchor grid as in fig. 1, an anchor peg as in fig. 2 or an anchor block as in fig. 3) is placed at a certain distance in the longitudinal direction from the grid, typically a distance of 1-5 m, like 1-3 m, preferably about 1 m. Even though the anchor braces or struts 4a and 4b in fig. 1 are shown secured by means of the fixing peg 6, the anchor braces or struts 4a and 4b may, as an alternative, be secured directly to the anchor element 5.
- the position of the anchor braces or struts 4a and 4b with relation to the anchor grid 5 and the front grid 2 may be changed according to the given use and that according to the given use, a varying number of anchor braces or struts may be used in connection with a front grid depending on the given circumstances, including especially the angle or inclination of the front grid in relation to horizontal and the given soil conditions.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a first alternative embodiment of a method according to the present invention similar to the preferred embodiment shown in fig. 1, but with the front grid 2 anchored by means of anchor pegs 5.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a second alternative embodiment of a method according to the present invention similar to the first alternative embodiment shown in fig. 2, but with the front grid 2 anchored by means of anchor blocks 5.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-section view of a steep embankment built by repetition of the method described above with reference to fig. 1.
- steps are carried out:
- the steps a-h are repeated until the height of the structure corresponds to the desired height of the embankment and it may be covered by the material chosen to serve the desired purpose, e.g asphalt -for road construction- or trees and/or bushes -to prevent landslides.
- reinforcement material 7 may instead be used steel net, the mesh size and dimensions of which may vary according to the design.
- the plant mat 8 may be a biodegradable coir mat or a geo-textile which is positioned immediately behind the facade of the wall and has the purpose of holding back top soil and which is built into the front of the embankment and of ensuring that the subsequent sowing is bound to the embankment.
- Special mats of mineral wool may also optionally be used.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-section view of a steep embankment having a displaced front and being built in accordance with the method according to the present invention.
- the construction of the steep embankment is initiated in the same way as the construction of the embankment shown in fig. 4, but each time the construction of an individual section of the displaced front is started, a new front grid 2' (possibly 2", 2"' etc. not shown in the figure) is positioned at a distance from and rearwardly displaced with respect to the front grid 2.
- the layer of reinforcing material 7 is countersunk for a distance behind the front grid 2 and dug down at the position where the second front grid 2' is to be installed.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-section view of a steep embankment built according to the method of the present invention and having a set back reinforcement net 7 and stonework 9.
- the principle of construction is like the principle described in connection with fig. 5; but the reinforcement net 7, however, is placed at a distance from the front grid 2 to provide space between the front grid 2 and the reinforcement net 7 for filling up with stones simultaneously with the other side of the reinforcement net 7 is filled with earth.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-section view built up in accordance with the method of the present invention and having an outer coating 10 which is secured by means of brackets 11, which again are anchored in the embankment by means of a number of anchor braces or struts 12.
- the embankment is otherwise constructed equivalently to the embankment described above with reference to fig. 5, however, without a displaced front.
- an embankment is established in a simple way by means of universally applicable elements, a front grid, an anchor element, a number of anchor braces or struts and one or more layers of geo-net or one or more layers of geo-textiles, said embankment having any inclination and being designed with any desired outward appearance, including planting, coating etc.
- the technique according to the present invention does not set out any specific requirements as to the design of especially configured components such as especially designed support grids, and the erection of the reinforcement system according to the present invention may be carried out according to the given conditions on a plane or slightly sloping ground and may furthermore be directly integrated with already existing facilities.
- the front grid may be removed after construction of the embankment or alternatively be left within the embankment for subsequent corrosion or alternatively it may serve as formwork during the construction of a coating.
- the front grid may furthermore serve as protection against malicious damage, vandalism, erosion etc. for a long span of years.
- the stability of the embankment is secured by the remaining reinforcement elements, including the anchor element, the geo-nets or the geo-textiles.
- a facade coating may be designed in the form of stonework, whereupon the reinforcement material should not be visible and this is facilitated by erecting the reinforcement material at a distance behind the front of the completed embankment, whereby the front grid serves to determine the overall stability of the embankment and consequently should be constructed of corrosion-resistant material.
- the technique according to the present invention may furthermore be used for construction of dams and coast protection installations or other similar safety installations.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- A method of constructing a steep embankment or slope, the method comprising the following steps:(a) digging a trench wherein a planar front grid is erected and secured with sand, gravel, concrete or a combination thereof, the planar front grid having an inclination corresponding to the embankment to be completed and being placed immediately adjacent the front of the embankment to be completed;(b) placing an anchor element at a point in the earth formation behind the embankment to be completed, the anchor element being constituted by an anchor grid, an anchor peg, an anchor block or the like or a combination thereof;(c) establishing one or more fixed anchors between the planar front grid and the anchor element by means of one or more anchor braces or struts that secure the front grid in relation to the anchor element; and(d) filling up the area behind the front grid and covering the anchor element to provide the earth formation of the completed embankment.
- A method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED IN that the method further comprises a step of inserting one or more layers of geo-net or one or more layers of geo-textiles that may be mutually interconnected or overlapping, beneath or above the anchor element and preferably also behind the front grid.
- A method according to claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED IN that the front grid is made of a corrosion-resistant material or, alternatively, a non corrosion-resistant material.
- A method according to any of the claims 1-3, CHARACTERIZED IN that the method further comprises the final step wherein the front grid is removed after construction of the completed embankment and optionally planting on the completed embankment.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02013855A EP1256660A1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1997-05-07 | Method of constructing a steep enbeankement |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK56396 | 1996-05-10 | ||
DK056396A DK56396A (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1996-05-10 | Method for building a steep slope, system for use in the construction of the steep slope and such a slope |
PCT/DK1997/000209 WO1997043489A1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1997-05-07 | Method for forming a steep embankment, system for use in the formation of the steep embankment and such steep embankment |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02013855A Division EP1256660A1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1997-05-07 | Method of constructing a steep enbeankement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0897435A1 EP0897435A1 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
EP0897435B1 true EP0897435B1 (en) | 2002-12-04 |
Family
ID=8094960
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97921634A Expired - Lifetime EP0897435B1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1997-05-07 | Method for forming a steep embankment |
EP02013855A Withdrawn EP1256660A1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1997-05-07 | Method of constructing a steep enbeankement |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02013855A Withdrawn EP1256660A1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1997-05-07 | Method of constructing a steep enbeankement |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0897435B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE229110T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2763697A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69717619T2 (en) |
DK (2) | DK56396A (en) |
NO (1) | NO320078B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL183988B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997043489A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH692706A5 (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2002-09-30 | Sytec Bausysteme Ag | Formwork grid in support of embankments. |
CH692921A5 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 2002-12-13 | Fatzer Ag | Wire mesh preferably as rockfall protection or for securing a Erdoberflächenschicht. |
AU5501799A (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-05-01 | Fritz Landolt Aktiengesellschaft | Soil construction anchored in the soil having a steep front and method for producing said soil construction |
WO2000031350A1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-02 | Sytec Bausysteme Ag | Support wall system |
ES2155773B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2001-12-01 | Antonio Casado Y Cia S A | "DEVICE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BANKS IN LANDS WITH PENDING". |
DE19922670A1 (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-23 | Huesker Synthetic Gmbh & Co | Process for the production of a greenable outer skin of an earth embankment |
DE29911626U1 (en) | 1999-07-03 | 1999-12-16 | Herold, Andreas, Dipl.-Ing., 99425 Weimar | Bank protection with plastic reinforced earth |
ITFG20040006A1 (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2005-02-26 | Geom Ciro Frisoli & C S A S | WALLS AND ENCLOSURES IN REINFORCED WASTE 2 ° |
JP6800559B2 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2020-12-16 | 矢作建設工業株式会社 | Reinforcement structure of masonry retaining wall and reinforcement method of masonry retaining wall |
CN116356763A (en) * | 2023-01-04 | 2023-06-30 | 泗洪县水利工程建设管理中心 | Dam reinforcing structure and reinforcing method for flood-stagnation area |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE8326632U1 (en) * | 1983-09-16 | 1985-08-29 | Wrede, Werner, 5500 Trier | Lattice set to form an embankment fortification |
US4952098A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1990-08-28 | Ivy Steel Products, Inc. | Retaining wall anchor system |
CH683434A5 (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1994-03-15 | Hermann Claus | Secure fastening of roadway on side of mountain - involves vertical piles with gaps filled with railway sleepers and anchored cables extending under road surface into solid ground |
IT1257042B (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1996-01-05 | PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF VERDEGGIAN SCARPES IN GROUND REINFORCED AND PRODUCT OBTAINED WITH SUCH PROCEDURE | |
GB9313095D0 (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1993-08-11 | Vidal Henri Brevets | Earth structures |
EP0733137A1 (en) * | 1993-08-30 | 1996-09-25 | Société Civile des Brevets Henri Vidal | Earthen work with wire mesh facing |
JP2545197B2 (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1996-10-16 | 強化土エンジニヤリング株式会社 | Reinforced soil structure |
GB9417413D0 (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1994-10-19 | Appleton Samuel A | Slope reinforcing structure and method |
GB9418994D0 (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1994-11-09 | Vidal Henri Brevets | Facing panel for earth structures |
NO951465L (en) * | 1995-04-19 | 1996-10-21 | Fjerby As | Reinforcing device for sloping ground and method of building the reinforced sloping ground |
-
1996
- 1996-05-10 DK DK056396A patent/DK56396A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1997
- 1997-05-07 AU AU27636/97A patent/AU2763697A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-07 DE DE69717619T patent/DE69717619T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-07 AT AT97921634T patent/ATE229110T1/en active
- 1997-05-07 EP EP97921634A patent/EP0897435B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-07 WO PCT/DK1997/000209 patent/WO1997043489A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-05-07 PL PL97329847A patent/PL183988B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-07 EP EP02013855A patent/EP1256660A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-07 DK DK97921634T patent/DK0897435T3/en active
-
1998
- 1998-11-10 NO NO19985251A patent/NO320078B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE229110T1 (en) | 2002-12-15 |
NO985251D0 (en) | 1998-11-10 |
EP0897435A1 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
PL329847A1 (en) | 1999-04-12 |
PL183988B1 (en) | 2002-08-30 |
WO1997043489A1 (en) | 1997-11-20 |
NO320078B1 (en) | 2005-10-17 |
NO985251L (en) | 1999-01-08 |
AU2763697A (en) | 1997-12-05 |
DE69717619D1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
EP1256660A1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
DE69717619T2 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
DK0897435T3 (en) | 2003-03-24 |
DK56396A (en) | 1997-12-11 |
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